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YEMUZ Nevzat Tarak\u00e7\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201cKimlik\u201d kavram\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve siyaset d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 me\u015fgul eden en \u00f6nemli kavramlardan biridir. K\u0130ML\u0130K VE K\u00dcLT\u00dcR \u00d6ZG\u00dcR ORTAM \u0130STER ETNOGRAFYA \u00c7OK \u00d6NEML\u0130 \u00d6ZG\u00dcRL\u00dcK ve K\u00dcLT\u00dcR SANAT VE K\u00dcLT\u00dcR DEMOKRAS\u0130Y\u0130 SEVER TEMENN\u0130 YEMUZ Nevzat Tarakçı “Kimlik” kavramı, günümüzde kültür ve siyaset dünyasını meşgul eden en önemli kavramlardan biridir. “Kültürel kimlik, bir grubun ya da kültürün ya da bireyin ait olduğu grup veya kültüre ait kimliğine verilen isimdir.” (Vikipedi) “Kültürel kimlik bireyin kendisini millet, etnisite, ırk, cinsiyet ve din gibi çeşitli kültürel kategorilerden oluşan belirli bir grup ile 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\n\u201cK\u00fclt\u00fcrel kimlik, bir grubun ya da k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ya da bireyin ait oldu\u011fu grup<\/strong> veya k\u00fclt\u00fcre ait kimli\u011fine verilen isimdir.\u201d (Vikipedi)
\n\u201cK\u00fclt\u00fcrel kimlik bireyin kendisini millet, etnisite, \u0131rk,<\/strong> cinsiyet ve din gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kategorilerden olu\u015fan belirli bir grup ile tan\u0131mlamas\u0131 veya ona ait oldu\u011funu hissetmesi anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.\u201d
\n\u201cK\u00fclt\u00fcrel gelenekler; miras, dil, estetik, kurallar ve \u00f6rfler <\/strong>gibi kolektif bilginin payla\u015f\u0131lma s\u00fcrecinde olu\u015fur ve devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr.\u201d<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>Kimlik, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat, demokratik, \u00f6zg\u00fcr ortamlarda<\/strong> geli\u015fir.
\nSadece k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat m\u0131, edebiyat da bilim de<\/strong> sanat\u00e7\u0131 da \u00f6zg\u00fcr ortamlarda yeti\u015fip bu ortamlarda ye\u015fermez mi?
\nDemek ki adalet, hukuk, demokrasi, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/strong>\u2026 yoksa k\u00fclt\u00fcr de sanat da bilim de yok demektir.
\n<\/strong>\u201cK\u00fclt\u00fcr, bir milletin tarih boyunca \u00fcretti\u011fi s\u00f6zl\u00fc, yaz\u0131l\u0131, maddi ve manevi de\u011ferleridir.
\n<\/strong>\u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn sanatlar, \u00fcretildi\u011fi toplum hayat\u0131ndan beslenmektedir.\u201d
\n\u201cToplum hayat\u0131 ise gelenek, g\u00f6renek, din, t\u00f6re, anane<\/strong> gibi ya\u015fam tarz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 \u015fekillendiren normlar\u0131n etkiledi\u011fi davran\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imlerinden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.\u201d
\n\u201c\u0130\u015fte sanat\u0131n toplum i\u00e7in \u00fcretildi\u011fi<\/strong> performanslar ve eserler bu davran\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imlerini i\u015flemektedir. \u201c
\n\u201cToplumda kabul g\u00f6ren ve iyiyi, g\u00fczeli \u00f6ven estetik de\u011ferler<\/strong>, insan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fruya y\u00f6nlendiren k\u00fclt\u00fcr- sanat ortamlar\u0131d\u0131r. \u201c
\n\u201cSanat\u0131n toplumdaki ili\u015fkilere yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ise; do\u011fru bilinen davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ger\u00e7ek do\u011fru olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sorgulanmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d
\n\u201cBu sorgulama hayata dair mutluluktan ziyade, kayg\u0131lar\u0131 dile getirmeyi ve ac\u0131, eziyet, sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k,<\/strong> zul\u00fcm, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/strong> gibi kavramlara dikkat \u00e7ekmeyi ama\u00e7 edinir.\u201d
\n\u201cElbette daima iyi-k\u00f6t\u00fc, g\u00fczel-\u00e7irkin, zalim-mazlum, \u015f\u00fcphe-inan\u00e7<\/strong> var olacakt\u0131r.\u201d
\n\u201c\u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi erdemler varken, be\u015feriyetin maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc de sanat\u00e7\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan hiciv <\/strong>konusu olmaya devam edecektir.\u201d
\nYukar\u0131daki ifadeler Prof. Aysen Soysald\u0131<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0 \u201cK\u00fclt\u00fcr, Sanat ve Be\u015feriyet \u0130li\u015fkisi\u201d<\/em> adl\u0131 makalesinde ge\u00e7en ifadelerdir.
\nKat\u0131lmamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil?<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ya\u015fatmak denilince akl\u0131m\u0131z gelen kavramlardan birisi, belki de en \u00f6nemlisi \u201cetnografya\u201d <\/strong>d\u0131r.
\n\u201cEtnografya, kavimleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak inceleyen, k\u00fclt\u00fcr olu\u015fumlar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131ran, k\u00fclt\u00fcr bilimidir<\/strong>. \u0130nsan\u0131n toplumsal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 niteliksel ve niceliksel olarak inceler. Bu incelemeleri alan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na g\u00f6re ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir.\u201d (Vikipedi)
\nBak\u0131n\u0131z, Prof. Kenan \u00d6zbel<\/strong> vasiyetinde konuyla ilgili neler s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor?
\nEtnografya, bilindi\u011fi gibi halkbilimidir.
\nToplumun k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcmleyen<\/strong> yap\u0131tlard\u0131r.
\nBir etnografik eser arkeolojik yaz\u0131t<\/strong> gibidir.
\nBize hangi toplumdan geldi\u011fini, hangi k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin etkisinde<\/strong> kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, nas\u0131l bir hayat ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zel ya\u015fant\u0131lar\u0131na ait ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131, dinlerini, k\u00fclt\u00fcr zenginliklerini<\/strong> tek tek anlat\u0131r.
\n\u0130\u015fte t\u00fcm bunlar bizim toplumsal kimliklerimizdir.
\n<\/strong>Bu y\u00fczden etnografik eserlerimizin<\/strong> korunmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ya\u015fatan \u00f6zg\u00fcr ortamlard\u0131r.
\n\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn sanat\u0131n ve sanat\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fayabilmesi i\u00e7in olmazsa olmaz\u0131d\u0131r.
\n<\/strong>Dewey\u2019in ifadesiyle:
\n<\/strong>\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck nedir, ni\u00e7in de\u011ferlidir?
\n\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck iste\u011fi<\/strong> insanda do\u011fu\u015ftan m\u0131 vard\u0131r, yoksa bir tak\u0131m \u00f6zel olaylardan m\u0131 do\u011fmu\u015ftur?
\n\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, bizim i\u00e7in bir ama\u00e7 m\u0131, yoksa ba\u015fka \u015feyler edinmemize yarayan bir ara\u00e7 m\u0131?
\n\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, ard\u0131ndan bir tak\u0131m sorumluluklar getirir mi?
\nGetirirse, bu sorumluluklar b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131n daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rahatl\u0131k u\u011fruna ondan vazge\u00e7ebilecekleri kadar pahal\u0131ya m\u0131 mal olur?
\n\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck u\u011frunda sava\u015f,<\/strong> onu elde etmek ve elde tutmak i\u00e7in gerekli \u00e7abadan vazge\u00e7irecek kadar \u00e7etin midir?
\n\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kendisi ve beraberinde getirdi\u011fi \u015feyler ya\u015fama g\u00fcveni kadar, yiyecek i\u00e7ecek kadar, ev bark, giyecek ya da mutlu g\u00fcnler kadar<\/strong> \u00f6nemli midir?\u00a0 \u00a0(John Dewey \/ \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr)
\n<\/em>Demokrasi tutkunu bir e\u011fitimci olan Dewey<\/strong>, yeni kurulan T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin e\u011fitimine y\u00f6n vermesi amac\u0131yla, 1924’te T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>\u201c\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, sanat ve sanat\u00e7\u0131 i\u00e7in, su ve oksijen gibi bir \u015fey<\/strong>.\u201d
\n\u201cO manada, sanat\u00e7\u0131, bir ki\u015fi ya da bir kesime ba\u011fl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde d\u00fcnyaya bakmak zorunda olan bir ki\u015fi de\u011fil.
\n\u201cTam aksine; \u00e7ok \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ister.<\/strong>\u201d
\n\u201cBir s\u00f6z vard\u0131r; \u2018Sanat, demokrasiyi sever.\u2019<\/strong> diye.\u201d
\n\u201cSanat, demokrasisiz ya\u015fayamaz.\u201d<\/strong> diye bu s\u00f6z\u00fc tamamlamak isterim.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>Kimlik, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, sanat ve edebiyat\u0131n ya\u015fayabilmesi, daha fazla zenginle\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in,
\n<\/strong>Daha fazla \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck,
\nDaha fazla adalet,
\n<\/strong>Daha fazla hukuk\u2026 ortam\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi temennisiyle\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"