{"id":18473,"date":"2021-03-08T15:58:55","date_gmt":"2021-03-08T21:58:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=18473"},"modified":"2021-03-08T15:58:55","modified_gmt":"2021-03-08T21:58:55","slug":"selma-kociva-son-aktif-yillarimi-laz-edebiyatina-vermek-istiyorum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/selma-kociva-son-aktif-yillarimi-laz-edebiyatina-vermek-istiyorum\/","title":{"rendered":"SELMA KO\u00c7\u0130VA: \u201cSON AKT\u0130F YILLARIMI LAZ EDEB\u0130YATINA VERMEK \u0130ST\u0130YORUM!\u201d"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

(\u00d6n a\u00e7\u0131klama: Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc misafirim Selma Ko\u00e7iva. Selma Ko\u00e7iva, Laz R\u00f6nesans\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden biri; 1980\u2019li y\u0131llardan beri Lazcay\u0131 ya\u015fatmak i\u00e7in canla- ba\u015fla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.\u00a0 Kendisini, 1993\u2019den bu yana tan\u0131yorum, ancak makalelerinden \u00e7ok \u00f6nceden haberim var. Selma Ko\u00e7iva, \u201cLazuri Mektebi\u201dnin de kurucular\u0131ndan. Kendisiyle bir s\u00f6yle\u015fi yapt\u0131m. Biyografisi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131- kitaplar\u0131 ve \u201cLaz Alfabesi\u201dnden bahsettik. Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz\/ 24 II 2021)<\/p>\n

+<\/p>\n

Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz:<\/strong> Bize \u00f6nce biyografinizden bahsedin de \u00f6yle ba\u015flayal\u0131m, olur mu?! Nerede do\u011fdunuz? Nerelisiniz? Kimlerdensiniz? Hangi okullarda \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcz? Mesle\u011finiz nedir? \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131z, torunlar\u0131n\u0131z var m\u0131? \u015eimdi nerede ya\u015f\u0131yorsunuz? \u0130\u015finiz nedir? Hangi dilleri biliyorsunuz? Kendinizden bahsedin, l\u00fctfen!<\/p>\n

Selma Ko\u00e7iva<\/strong>: 1960\u2018da Dutxe’de do\u011fdum. Ko\u00e7ivalar’\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131y\u0131m. \u0130lkokul y\u0131llar\u0131m Dutxe’de Didinana\u2018n\u0131n yan\u0131nda ge\u00e7ti. Ortaokul ve lise y\u0131llar\u0131m ise \u0130stanbul’da ge\u00e7ti. Lise sonras\u0131 Almanya’ya okumaya geldim. Sosyal Pedagoji Y\u00fcksek Okulunu bitirdim. \u00d6\u011frenciyken ve \u00f6\u011frenim sonras\u0131 kendi mesle\u011fimle ilgili de\u011fi\u015fik alanlarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. 1990\u2018da Birle\u015fik Alman Lisesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015fladim. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda mal\u00fclen emekliye ayr\u0131ld\u0131m. 32 ya\u015f\u0131nda bir k\u0131z\u0131m var. Dortmund’ta do\u011fdu, b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc ve burada ya\u015f\u0131yor. Laz Dili ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm alan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, NRW eyaletindeki Dortmund kentinde ya\u015fad\u0131m. Halen de burada ya\u015f\u0131yorum. Lazistan’a yerle\u015fmek maalesef m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131. Sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 gibi baz\u0131 engeller y\u00fcz\u00fcnden buradaki ya\u015fam alan\u0131ma ba\u011fl\u0131 kald\u0131m.Lazca ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’nin yan\u0131s\u0131ra Almanca biliyorum. Megrelce’yi \u00e7ok az da olsa anl\u0131yorum. G\u00fcrc\u00fcce \u00f6\u011frenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131m ancak geli\u015ftiremedim. San\u0131r\u0131m bir s\u00fcre G\u00fcrcistan’da kalmak ve e\u011fitim almam gerekecek.<\/p>\n

Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz: <\/strong>Lazca \u015fiir yazmaya ne zaman, nerede ve hangi duyguyla ba\u015flad\u0131n\u0131z? O zamanlar Tzita\u015fi \u0130skenderi\u2019nin \u201cLaz Alfabesi\u201dnden haberdar m\u0131yd\u0131n\u0131z?<\/p>\n

Selma Ko\u00e7iva<\/strong>: Benim ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131mda Lazca yazma merak\u0131 vard\u0131. T\u00fcrkiyede Liseyi bitiren Laz \u00a0gen\u00e7leri aras\u0131nda Lazcay\u0131 yazma e\u011filimi vard\u0131. Fakat birisi Lazcay\u0131, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e alfabenin 29 harfiyle yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 o yaz\u0131lan\u0131 okumada \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u00e7ekiyordu. Lazcada T\u00fcrk\u00e7edekinden \u00e7ok fazla ve \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ses var. Bendeki anadili fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 1980\u2018de Almanya\u2019da Almanca \u00f6\u011frenirken ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130lk Lazca yazma denemelerimi Alman alfabesiyle yapt\u0131m. NRW Eyaleti, Ruhr Universit\u00e4t Bochum’a 1980\u2018li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fvurdum. O zaman Kafkasoloji b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc Kafkasolog Dr. Michael Job y\u00f6netiyordu. Lazca okumaya G\u00fcrc\u00fc alfabesiyle ba\u015flad\u0131m. Dr. Michael Job, G\u00fcrc\u00fc alfabesiyle derleme kitaplardan Lazca metinlerin fotokopisini bana verdi. \u00c7ok yava\u015f olsa da okuyor ve anl\u0131yordum. Yazmaya gelince yazam\u0131yordum. Dr. Michael Job\u2018un deste\u011fiyle kendi i\u015faretlerimle Latin alfabesine dayanan bir alfabe haz\u0131rlad\u0131m. Yani kendi alfabemle iki y\u0131l kadar yazd\u0131m. Daha \u00e7ok Dutxe’den bildi\u011fim, haf\u0131zamdaki mani ve destanlar\u0131 kaleme al\u0131yordum. 1982- 1984 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, G\u00fcrcistan’daki Laz dili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve \u0130skender Tzita\u015fi\u2018den hi\u00e7 haberimiz yoktu. 1990\u2018da Wolfgang Feurstein \u00a0Hocan\u0131n G\u00fcrcistan\u2018a gidip gelmesiyle G\u00fcrcistan\u2018daki Lazcaya ili\u015fkin bilgi ve birikimden benim de haberim b\u00f6ylece oldu.<\/p>\n

Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz<\/strong>: Biraz da bize \u201cLaz Alfabesi\u201dnden bahsedin, l\u00fctfen! \u201cFahri Lazo\u011flu Alfabesi\u201d diye biliniyor bu alfabe. Bu alfabe yaln\u0131zca Mtanebiva Fahri Kahraman\u2019\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc m\u00fcyd\u00fc, yoksa kolektif bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc m\u00fcyd\u00fc? Bu alfabe, \u201cFahri Lazo\u011flu Alfabesi\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor. Herkes bir \u015fey s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Biz tam olarak bilmiyoruz. Bu konu \u00fczerine neler s\u00f6yleyebilirsiniz?<\/p>\n

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\u201eLAZEBURA \u00c7ALI\u015eMA GRUBU\u2018NDA WOLFGANG FEURSTE\u0130N, F\u0130KR\u0130 \u00d6ZDEM\u0130R VE BEN VARDIM\u201c<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Selma Ko\u00e7iva<\/strong>: 1984\u2018\u00fcn Bahar\u0131nda Wolfgang Feurstein Hoca ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Kendisi \u201eLazuri Alfabe\u201c \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve bir br\u00f6\u015f\u00fcr\u00fc de tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu bro\u015f\u00fcr\u00fc, Berlin’deki Dilbilimleri Fak\u00fcltesine (1983 Sonbahar\u0131 olmal\u0131) ba\u015fvurdu\u011fumda, Dr. Jost Gippert vermi\u015fti. O zamana kadar, iki y\u0131l kadar \u201ekendi alfabem\u201c ile Lazca notlar tutuyordum. Wolfgang Feurstein \u00a0Hoca, Fahri Kahraman’dan s\u00f6z etti ve onun ideali Lazca yazmakt\u0131. Bir de Wolfgang Feurstein \u00a0Hocaya Lazcay\u0131 \u00f6\u011freten Fikri \u00d6zdemir Abi vard\u0131. B\u00f6ylece bir grup \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 yapabilmenin ko\u015fullar\u0131 olu\u015ftu. \u201eLazebura \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu\u201c ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fimiz grup \u00e7al\u0131smas\u0131nda Wolfgang Feurstein \u00a0Hoca , Fikri \u00d6zdemir Abi ve ben vard\u0131k. Yaln\u0131zca \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcz vard\u0131k. Fahri Kahraman Hoca ile mektup \u00fczerinden\u00a0 haberle\u015fiyorduk. Bir mektubunda Fahri Kahraman Hoca kendi \u00f6nerdi\u011fi i\u015faretlerle \u201eLaz Alfabesi\u201cni yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

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\u201eMTANEB\u0130VA FAHR\u0130 KAHRAMAN (1931- 1997) \u00a0KEND\u0130 \u00d6NERD\u0130\u011e\u0130 \u0130\u015eARETLERLE \u201eLAZ ALFABES\u0130\u201cN\u0130 YAZMI\u015eTI\u201c<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Sonu\u00e7ta \u015funu s\u00f6yleyebilirim: \u201eLazuri Alfabe\u201cnin fikir babas\u0131 ve 1970\u2018lerde Lazcay\u0131 Latin Alfabesiyle \u00a0yazan ilk ki\u015fi Fahri Kahraman \u00a0Hocad\u0131r. Wolfgang Feurstein \u00a0Hocan\u0131n bilimsel altyap\u0131s\u0131 ve akademik ili\u015fkileri olmasayd\u0131 \u201eLazuri Alfabe\u201c bu d\u00fczeyde pedagojik do\u011frulu\u011fu olan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olmazd\u0131 diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Benim rol\u00fcm daha \u00e7ok bir praktisyenin rol\u00fc gibi tan\u0131mlanabilir. \u00a0\u201eLazuri Alfabe\u201c, \u201eParpali- 1\u201c kitap\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde yay\u0131nland\u0131ktan sonra, benim katk\u0131m alfabenin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Lazlara ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 noktas\u0131nda oldu. \u0130lerici ve demokrat \u00e7evrelerin ileti\u015fim a\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde Lazca bilen yolda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131n arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u201eLazuri Alfabe\u201c br\u00f6\u015f\u00fcr\u00fc elden ele da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. \u201eLazuri Alfabe\u201cnin Lazistan\u2018\u0131n da\u011f k\u00f6ylerine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin haberler bize, Almanya\u2019ya kadar \u00a0ula\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz<\/strong>: \u015eimdi de bize kitaplar\u0131n\u0131zdan bahsedin, l\u00fctfen! Yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f kitaplar\u0131n\u0131z var: \u201cNena Murun\u0292xi\/ Dil Y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131\u201d, \u201cAr Mt\u0306k\u0306o Oxorca\/ Bir Avu\u00e7 Kad\u0131n\u201d, Ax Gidi U\u00e7amzo\u011fa\/ Ah Gidi Karadeniz\u201d, \u201cLazona\u201d, \u201cBedia Xala\/ Bedia Hala\u201d do \u201cGuri Parpali\/ Kelebek Y\u00fcrek\u201d. Bu kitaplar\u0131n\u0131zdan haberdar\u0131m. Bende de bu kitaplar\u0131n\u0131z mevcut. Bu kitaplar\u0131n\u0131z ne zaman yay\u0131nland\u0131? Yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f ba\u015fka kitaplar\u0131n\u0131z var m\u0131? Kitaplar\u0131n\u0131zla ilgili bize hangi bilgileri veriyorsunuz? Birer birer bahsedin, l\u00fctfen!<\/p>\n

Selma Ko\u00e7iva<\/strong>: Lazca \u015fiir ve destan denemelerim 1980\u2018li y\u0131llarda devam etti. 1987\u2018de Wolfgang Feurstein Hoca, \u201ePogrom Dergisi\u201c i\u00e7in bir makale yazacakt\u0131. Benden de bir- iki \u015fiir yazmam\u0131 rica etti. \u0130lk serbest \u015fiiri o zaman yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum. Sonralar\u0131 da devam ettim. \u015eiir, destan ve \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc olacak metinler yazmay\u0131 denedim. \u00c7evremdekiler yazd\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131 be\u011fendik\u00e7e ben daha \u00e7ok yazd\u0131m. B\u00fct\u00fcn kitaplar\u0131m \u0130stanbul’da bas\u0131ld\u0131: \u201eNenamurun\u0292xi\u201c (Lazca \u015fiir, destan, \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc. 1997\u2019de\u00a0 Kurye Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u201cLazona\u201c (Birka\u00e7 yaz\u0131 Lazca, t\u00fcm\u00fc T\u00fcrk\u00e7e. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131nda Aky\u00fcz Yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u201cAh Gidi Karadeniz\u201c, \u015fiir, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kald\u0131ra\u00e7 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u201eBir Avuc Kadin\u201c, bir ka\u00e7 \u00f6yk\u00fc Lazca, \u00e7o\u011fu T\u00fcrk\u00e7e, ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f kad\u0131n \u00d6yk\u00fcleri. 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kald\u0131ra\u00e7 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u00a0\u201eBedia Xala -Y\u00fcrekli Bir Laz Kad\u0131n\u0131”, Lazca -T\u00fcrk\u00e7e iki dilde,\u00a0\u00a0 biyografi. 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kald\u0131ra\u00e7 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u201eGuriparpali\/Kelebek Y\u00fcrek\u201c, Lazca – T\u00fcrk\u00e7e iki dilde \u015fiir, destan ve \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda Lazi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u201eEjderhalar ve \u00c7ocuklar\u201c, an\u0131-roman, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e- Lazca betimlemelerle. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda LKD Yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz:<\/strong> Biliyorum; siz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkans\u0131n\u0131z ve hi\u00e7 de bo\u015f oturmuyorsunuz. Yeni Lazca kitap projeleriniz var m\u0131? Bize yeni m\u00fcjdeli haberleriniz var m\u0131?<\/p>\n

Selma Ko\u00e7iva:<\/strong> San\u0131r\u0131m, son kitab\u0131mla yazma merak\u0131mda belli bir noktaya geldim. Bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yazmaya ara vermek istiyorum. Lazca Edebiyata y\u00f6nelip son aktif y\u0131llar\u0131m\u0131 bu alanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya vermek istiyorum. \u00a0Bunun icin Megrelce ve G\u00fcrc\u00fcce \u00f6\u011frenmeyi program\u0131ma ald\u0131m. Sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011fum s\u00fcrece \u00f6\u011frenmeye ve yazmaya devam etmek istiyorum.<\/p>\n

Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz<\/strong>: Biliyorum; siz \u201cLazebura\u201dn\u0131n kurucu ve emaktarlar\u0131ndans\u0131n\u0131z. \u201cLazebura\u201d fikri nereden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve Laz K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ne zaman ba\u015flad\u0131n\u0131z?<\/p>\n

Selma Ko\u00e7iva<\/strong>: Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u00fclke, Almanya bir g\u00f6\u00e7menler \u00fclkesi. Almanya\u2019da her k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00e7evresinin kendi sivil toplum kurumlar\u0131 var ve anadili ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr geli\u015fimi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapmak burada \u00e7ok ola\u011fan bir durum. Biz 1990\u2018da \u00fcniversiteli bir \u00f6\u011frenci gurubuyduk. S\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde bir Laz derne\u011fine ihtiya\u00e7 duyduk. \u0130lk y\u0131llarda Almanya’da ya\u015fayan Lazlar\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u015fenliklerinde biraraya getirdik. Zamanla Almanya\u2018da do\u011fmus, b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ikinci ku\u015fak Lazlar\u0131n y\u00f6netti\u011fi ileti\u015fim a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Avrupa geneline yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir dernek oldu \u201eLazebura\u201c.<\/p>\n

Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz:<\/strong> Size te\u015fekk\u00fcr ediyorum. Ba\u015fka sorum yok. Ancak sizin bahsedece\u011finiz ba\u015fka konu varsa, l\u00fctfen bahsedin!<\/p>\n

Selma Ko\u00e7iva:<\/strong> Ben te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim. Bunca i\u015finiz arasinda Laz K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc emek\u00e7ileriyle r\u00f6portajlar yap\u0131yor, gen\u00e7lerin bizleri unutmamas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunuyorsunuz. Bu alandaki \u00e7al\u0131smalar\u0131m iki y\u0131l sonra k\u0131rk\u0131nc\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 bulacak. \u0130ster istemez insan bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131yor. Bundan sonras\u0131 i\u00e7in noksan b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir alan var m\u0131 diye kendime sormad\u0131m de\u011fil. En \u00e7ok ihmal etti\u011fim konu Laz kad\u0131n\u0131 konusu. Lazlara \u00f6zg\u00fc kad\u0131n konular\u0131 ve Laz kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n bir araya gelmesi. (\u201eLKH\u201c) \u201eLaz K\u00fclt\u00fcr Hareketi\u201cnde ba\u015faramad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ortak payday\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirip ileti\u015fimin sa\u011flanmas\u0131. Belki Laz kad\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla bu noksanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 tel\u00e2fi edebiliriz.<\/p>\n

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\u201eEN \u00c7OK \u0130HMAL ETT\u0130\u011e\u0130M KONU KADIN KONUSU\u201c<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

B\u00f6yle yeni bir alan \u00e7al\u0131smas\u0131 i\u00e7in en yak\u0131n\u0131mdaki kadn arkada\u015flarla \u015fimdiden konu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131k bile. Tekrar te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim. \u00a0\u00c7al\u0131smalar\u0131n\u0131zdaki ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 dilerim.<\/p>\n

+<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6nerilen okumalar: Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cLaz K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Kimli\u011fini Ya\u015fatma \u00c7abalar\u0131\u201d (Modern T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Siyas\u00ee D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, Cilt 4, Milliyet\u00e7ilik (s. 924-926), \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2002; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cD\u00fcnden Bug\u00fcne Lazca Gramer ve S\u00f6zl\u00fck \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131\u201d, sonhaber.ch, 28 II 2020\/ circassiancenter; \u0130smail Avc\u0131 Bucakli\u015fi, \u201cLaz Alfabesinin Ger\u00e7ek Mimar\u0131\u201d, jinepsgazetesi.com,\u00a0 1 IV 2017; Mustafa Kaz\u0131m Y\u00fccel \u00d6zbirinci, \u0130smail Muzaffer \u00d6zbay, Mehmet Ali K\u00f6k, Muhsin Erol ve Metin Bilgin, \u201cLazca Dilbilgisi\u201d, Arhavililer Vakf\u0131, Ankara, 2006; Selma Ko\u00e7iva, \u201cSe\u00e7meli Ders Modeli ve Anadili E\u011fitimi \u0130htiyac\u0131\u201d, lazca.org, 31 V 2013; Selma Ko\u00e7iva, \u201cLazuri Alfabe Halk\u0131n Alfabesi\u201d, skociva.blogspot, 24 X 2013; http:\/\/skociva.blogspot.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"
SELMA KO\u00c7\u0130VA VE AL\u0130 \u0130HSAN AKSAMAZ, TENEF\u00dcSTE B\u0130R \u00d6\u011eRENC\u0130YE LAZCA B\u0130R\u00a0 \u015eARKIYI TERENN\u00dcM ETT\u0130R\u0130RKE N (KADIK\u00d6Y AKA-DER, 25 XI 2012)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

+<\/p>\n

\u201eNami\u011fun menceli Lazuri m\u00e7\u0306araloba meb\u00e7ik\u0306o guri mi\u011fun!\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Go\u0292\u0306otkvala: And\u011faneri musafiri \u00e7kimi ren Selma K\u0306o\u00e7iva. Selma K\u0306o\u00e7iva ren Lazuri Nena\u015fi Ronesansi\u015fi beciti go\u0292\u0306onc\u011fonerepe\u015fen arteri. 1980-oni \u0292\u0306anape\u015fen doni, Lazuri nena\u015fi oskedinu \u015feni \u015furdoguriten i\u00e7ali\u015feps. Ma eya 1993 \u0292\u0306ana\u015fen doni vi\u00e7inop, mara mak\u0306alepe mu\u015fi\u015fen dido \u0292\u0306oxle\u015fenti ambari komi\u011fun. Lazuri Mektebi\u015fiti magedginale ren. Mu\u015fi k\u0306ala ar Lazuri int\u0306erviu dop\u0306i. Edo \u00e7kin b\u011far\u011falit biyografi mu\u015fi, no\u00e7ali\u015fepe- ketabepe mu\u015fi do Lazuri Alboni\u015fen. Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi\/ 24 II 2021)<\/p>\n

Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi:<\/strong> \u0130pti biyografi tkvani\u015fen molap\u015finat do e\u015fo gevo\u00e7\u0306k\u0306at, iqveni?! So ye\u00e7kindit, so dibadit? Sonuri ret? Miepe\u015fen, mi o\u011flepe\u015fi ret? Namu n\u0292\u0306opulapes igurit? Mu mesle\u011fi gi\u011funan? Berepe, motape giqonunani? A\u0292\u0306i so skidut? Mu dulya ikipt? Namu nenape gi\u00e7kinan? Dudi tkvani\u015fen molami\u015finit, mu iqven!<\/p>\n

Selma K\u0306o\u00e7iva<\/strong>: 1960 \u0292\u0306anas Dutxes dobibadi. K\u0306o\u00e7ivapxe bore. Beroba \u015fk\u0306imis didinana \u015fk\u0306ala Dutxes bsk\u0306udi, ortamektebi do lise\u015f ora St\u0306anbolis bort\u0306itu. Lise\u015fk\u0306ule Germania\u015fa komoft\u0306i. Hako Sosyal Pedagoji Ma\u011fali Mektebis dovi\u00e7\u0306itxi do mesle\u011fi \u015fk\u0306imite 1990 \u0292\u0306anas dulyas kodobguti, Almanuri Gesamtschule. Uk\u0306a\u00e7xe, 2000 \u0292\u0306anas emekli dobiyi. Ar bozonta miyonun. E\u00e7idovit\u0306ojur \u0292\u0306aneri ren. Germanias, no\u011fa Dortmundis psk\u0306udur. On\u00e7\u0306aru\u015fi dulyape \u015fk\u0306imi \u015feni Lazist\u0306ani\u015fa, Turketi\u015fa do Kortura\u015fa bidi. Ar- jur doloni, ar- jur tuta kodobguti, gobikti, komoft\u0306i.<\/p>\n

Menceli na mi\u011fut\u0306u \u0292\u0306anape ar- jur sayet\u0306i berepe doguri \u015feni dulyas kodobguti. Ma sum nena mi\u015fk\u0306un: Lazuri, Turkuli, Germanuli. Megreluri nena m\u0292ika oxobo\u0292\u0306onam. Korturi doguru komobi\u00e7\u0306i mara var moman\u017einu. Kortura\u015fa olvoni bore, Korturi do Megreluri doguru \u015feni.<\/p>\n

Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi:<\/strong> Tkvan mundes, so do namu zmonaten geo\u00e7\u0306k\u0306it Lazuri \u015fiirepe o\u00e7\u0306arus? Emindros \u0292\u0306it\u0306a\u015fi \u0130skenderi\u015fi Lazuri Alboni\u015fen ambari gi\u011fut\u0306esi?<\/p>\n

Selma K\u0306o\u00e7iva<\/strong>: Ma na mi\u015fk\u0306un, jenerasyoni \u015fk\u0306imi\u015fi Lise\u015fa na idu bazi cencepe Lazuri on\u00e7\u0306aru\u015fa mera\u011fi ku\u011fut\u0306es. Mati Lazuri mu\u015feni mi\u015fk\u0306unan mado didepes bu\u00e7\u0306itxamt\u0306i, mitis mutu var u\u015fk\u0306ut\u0306u. 1980 \u0292\u0306anas Germania\u015fa moft\u0306isi, Germanuri dobiguramt\u0306i\u015fa Lazuri on\u00e7\u0306aru guris domayu. Enogi Germanuri alfabete m\u00e7\u0306ari. Uk\u0306a\u00e7xe NRW eyaletis Boxum Universit\u0306e\u015fi K\u0306afk\u0306asolojis mcve\u015fi Lazuri n\u00e7\u0306arelepe kob\u017eiri. K\u0306afk\u0306asolog Dr. Jost\u0306 Gip\u0306ert\u0306i bi\u00e7ini, himu\u015fa Korturi alfabete Lazuri tek\u0306st\u0306epe golayonu (ok\u0306itxu) kodobiguri. Dr. \u00a0Jost\u0306 Gip\u0306ert\u0306i me\u015fvelute, Latinuri Alfabete on\u00e7\u0306aru \u015feni alfabe \u015fk\u0306imi dom\u00e7\u0306ari, jur \u0292\u0306ana \u015fik\u0306u alfabe \u015fk\u0306imite na mi\u015fk\u0306ut\u0306u mani do dest\u0306anepe on\u00e7\u0306arute golilu. Uk\u0306a\u00e7xe Wolfgang Feurstein Xoca bi\u00e7ini.<\/p>\n

Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi<\/strong>: Arm\u0292ik\u0306ati Lazuri Alboni\u015fen molami\u015finit, mu iqven?! \u201cFexri Lazo\u011fli\u015fi Alboni\u201d yado i\u00e7kinen aya alboni. Aya alboni xvala Mtanebiva Fexri K\u0306axramani\u015fi no\u00e7ali\u015fe\u015fi mono\u00e7ane rt\u0306ui, varna k\u0306olektiuri no\u00e7ali\u015fe\u015fi mono\u00e7ane rtui? Aya albonis coxons \u201cFexri Lazo\u011fli\u015fi Alboni\u201d. Arik a\u015fo zop\u0306ons, majurak e\u015fo. \u0130rik e\u015fo- a\u015fo mutu tkumers. \u00c7kin akonepes tamam mutu va mi\u00e7kinan. Muepe gatkvenan aya tema\u015fi jin?<\/p>\n

Selma K\u0306o\u00e7iva<\/strong>: 1984 \u0292\u0306anas Wolfgang Feurstein Xoca bi\u00e7inisi, adresi mu\u015fi Berlini\u015f Nenak\u00e7ina Fak\u0306ult\u0306e\u015fi Xoca Dr. Michael Jobik komom\u00e7u. Wolfgang Feurstein \u00a0Xoca \u015fk\u0306ala Lazebura \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubis dulya komobi\u00e7\u0306itu, Lazuri Alboni ok\u0306ok\u0306ateri gamobi\u011fitu. Fahri K\u0306ahraman (Lazo\u011fli) Xoca Arkabis sk\u0306udurt\u0306u, Lazuri Alboni himi\u015fi yoxo komeb\u00e7itu. Leba\u015fa Alfabe Lazo\u011fli Alfabe yoxote gobi\u015finitu. Uk\u0306a\u00e7xe leba ora, Wolfgang Feurstein \u00a0Xoca Lazuri Alboni \u015fk\u0306imi xete n\u00e7\u0306areri oren dei itirazi doyu. Lazebura \u00c7ali\u015fma Grubu dulyas mobi\u00e7\u0306iti na mep\u00e7itu k\u0306arari hi\u015fo var ort\u0306u. Lazuri on\u00e7\u0306aru enogi na mi\u0292\u0306u Fahri K\u0306ahramani yoxote Lazuri Alboni gobi\u015finatet\u0306u. Wolfgang Feurstein \u00a0Xoca bi\u00e7inisi ma jur \u0292\u0306ana \u015fik\u0306u alfabe \u015fk\u0306imite m\u00e7\u0306arumt\u0306i, ham roport\u0306aji\u015fa ma p\u0306ot\u0306e nena var e\u015fk\u0306ebi\u011fi, ma on\u00e7\u0306aru Wolfgang Feurstein Xoca\u015fa va dobiguri mado. \u015ek\u0306imi \u015feni, Lazuri Alboni k\u0306olekt\u0306ivuri ar dulya oren. 1984\u00a0 \u0292\u0306anas Kortura\u015fi nek\u0306na cenk\u0306oleri ort\u0306u do \u0130skender \u0292\u0306it\u0306a\u015fi\u015f ambari 1990\u00a0 \u0292\u0306anas Wolfgang Feurstein \u00a0Xocak Kortura\u015fa idusi hekolendo mo\u011fu. Him ora\u015fa \u015fk\u0306u Lazuri Alboni xepe\u015fan xe goburtamt\u0306itu. Nena do k\u0306ult\u0306ura becit\u0306oba na u\u015fk\u0306un a\u011fani Lazepe on\u00e7\u0306ari komi\u00e7\u0306esdort\u0306u.<\/p>\n

Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi:<\/strong> A\u0292\u0306iti ketabepe tkvani\u015fen molami\u015finit, mu iqven! Tkvan gami\u00e7kvineri ketabepe kogi\u011funan. \u201cNena Murun\u0292xi\u201d, \u201cAr Mt\u0306k\u0306o Oxorca\u201d, Ax Gidi U\u00e7amzo\u011fa\u201d, \u201cLazona\u201d, \u201cBedia Xala\u201d do \u201cGuri Parpali\u201d coxoni gami\u00e7kvineri ketabepe kogi\u011funan. Aya gami\u00e7kvineri ketabepe tkvani\u015fen ambari komi\u011fun; mati xes komi\u011fun tkvani ketabepe. Mundes gami\u00e7kvinu ketabepe tkvani? Gami\u00e7kvineri \u00e7kva ketabi gi\u011funani? Mu ambarepe mom\u00e7apt ketabepe tkvani\u015fen? Tito- tito molami\u015finit, mu iqven!<\/p>\n

Selma K\u0306o\u00e7iva<\/strong>: Lazuri Nenate leksepe on\u00e7\u0306aru 1987 \u0292\u0306anas mobi\u00e7\u0306i. Wolfgang Xoca \u201ePogrom Dergisi\u201c \u015feni ar mak\u0306ale n\u00e7\u0306araset\u0306u \u201ear- jur leksi domin\u00e7\u0306ari” yado. Mati serbest \u015fiiri dom\u00e7\u0306ari mendebunc\u011foni. Ha\u015fote Lazuri m\u00e7\u0306araloba komobi\u00e7\u0306i.\u00a0 Na gamobi\u011fi n\u00e7\u0306arelepe \u015fk\u0306imi: “Nenamurun\u0292xi”, Lazuri leksepe,\u00a0 destanepe do birapape on\u00e7\u0306aru koceba\u011fi. 1997 \u0292\u0306anas kogamobi\u011fi. Xvala Lazuri Nenate. \u00c7ivi Yazilari\u015fa Ozcan Sapan memi\u015fvelu. “Lazona”: 1990 \u0292\u0306anas Lazuri Nena do k\u0306ult\u0306ura \u015feni mak\u0306alepe, denemepe on\u00e7\u0306aru komobi\u00e7\u0306i, muxalifi gazeta Ozgur Gundemi ham n\u00e7\u0306arape gamiyonamt\u0306u. Uk\u0306a\u00e7xe \u0292\u0306ana 2000-s Akyuz Yayinlari “Lazona” yoxoni n\u00e7\u0306areli \u015fk\u0306imi kogami\u011fu, ar- jur sayfa Lazuri, mteli Turkuli nenate. ” Ah Gidi Karadeniz”: Ar k\u0306aleti Turkuli Nenate leksepe m\u00e7\u0306arumti. Lazuri nena do k\u0306ult\u0306ura\u015fi meselepe, \u00e7ainat\u0306i\u015fi dulyape, oropa do oxo\u015fk\u0306va meselepe \u015feni m\u00e7\u0306arumt\u0306i. Ham leksepeti\u00a0 Kaldira\u00e7 Yayinlari\u015fa 2001 \u0292\u0306anas ” Ah Gidi Karadeniz ” yoxoni n\u00e7\u0306areli kogamobi\u011fi. “Bir Avu\u00e7 kadin”: Uk\u0306a\u00e7xe oxor\u017ealuri hecayepe kok\u0306oma\u011fu. Haniti “Bir Avu\u00e7 kadin” yoxoni n\u00e7\u0306arelis kogamobi\u011fi. Xolo Kaldira\u00e7 Yayinlari\u015fa, 2004 \u0292\u0306anas. Ham n\u00e7\u0306areli xuti hecaye Lazuri, manjurape Turkuli nenate. “Bedia Xala-Guroni Ar Lazi Oxor\u017ea”: 2012 \u0292\u0306anas “Bedia Xala-Guroni Ar Lazi Oxor\u017ea”, ar biyografi n\u00e7\u0306areli Kaldira\u00e7 Yayinlari\u015fa kogamaxt\u0306u. Ham Lazuri do Turkuli, jur nenate gamaxt\u0306u. \u201eGuriparpali \/ Kelebek Yurek\u201c: 2014 \u0292\u0306anas \u201eGuriparpali \/ Kelebek Yurek\u201c, leksi, dest\u0306ani do\u00a0 birapate ar n\u00e7\u0306areli kogamobi\u011fi, LKD Yayinlari\u015fa. Lazuri do Turkuli, jur nenate. \u201eEjderhalar ve \u00e7ocuklar\u201c 2020 \u0292\u0306anas na gamobi\u011fi. Ani-Romani, xvala Turkuli nenate. Ti\u015fa na golomixt\u0306u ar meseli\u015fi romani ren. Ham n\u00e7\u0306ara LKD Yayinlarisa gamaxt\u0306u.<\/p>\n

Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi: <\/strong>Ma mi\u00e7kin; tkvan dulyamxvenu ret do xoloti xembo\u015fi va doxedut. A\u011fani Lazuri ketabi\u015f p\u0306rojepe gi\u011funani? A\u011fani pukironi ambarepe gi\u011funani \u00e7kinda?<\/p>\n

Selma K\u0306o\u00e7iva<\/strong>: A\u011fani ambari \u015fk\u0306imi, huy na go\u0292\u0306obidvi dulyas ort\u0306asen: A\u00e7kva Lazuri M\u00e7\u0306araloba \u015feni on\u00e7\u0306aru guri memi\u017eun. Ar romani \u015feni \u00e7ona p\u0306k\u0306orobum. Mi u\u015fk\u0306un, a\u00e7kva xvala Lazuri on\u00e7\u0306arute ora golobit\u0306o\u00e7ik\u0306o bit\u0306ur. Ora golilams \u0292\u0306anape kemadves, na mi\u011fun menceli Lazuri m\u00e7\u0306araloba meb\u00e7ik\u0306o guri mi\u011fun.<\/p>\n

Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi:<\/strong> \u00a0Ma komi\u00e7kin; tkvan \u201cLazebura\u015fi\u201d beciti magedginale do emektarepe\u015fen arteri ret. Solen ye\u00e7kindu \u201cLazebura\u015fi\u201d fik\u0306iri do mundes geo\u00e7\u0306k\u0306it o\u00e7ali\u015fus Lazuri K\u0306ult\u0306uri\u015fi speros?<\/p>\n

Selma K\u0306o\u00e7iva: <\/strong>Hakoni mteli muacirepe derne\u011fi ku\u011funan. \u015ek\u0306u Lazepeti ar derne\u011fi doma\u00e7\u0306it\u0306es. Ok\u0306oxuna\u015fe \u015fk\u0306uni \u015feni, hako na mirdenan berepe \u015fk\u0306uni \u015feni. Nananena do k\u0306ult\u0306ura \u015fk\u0306uni \u015feni. Hako Germanias iri xelk\u0306epe k\u0306ult\u0306ura\u015fi derne\u011fi ku\u011funan, \u015fk\u0306u Lazepeti ar derne\u011fi kocebdgitu, Lazebura yoxote, 1997 \u0292\u0306anas eyaleti \u015fk\u0306uni NRW-s.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi: <\/strong>Ma \u015fukuri gi\u0292\u0306umert. A\u0292\u0306i \u00e7kva k\u0306itxala va mi\u011fun. Mara tkvan otkvalu\u015fi \u00e7kva mutu\u00a0 gi\u011funanna, eti molami\u015finit, mu iqven!<\/p>\n

Selma K\u0306o\u00e7iva<\/strong>: Ham rop\u0306ort\u0306aji \u015feni zade bixeli, \u011eormoti tkvati goxelas. Guri k\u0306aite. \u015ek\u0306u Lazepe vorsi nd\u011falepe bi\u017eirat.<\/p>\n

+<\/p>\n

\u201e<\/strong>\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc<\/strong> \u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong> \u10db\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<\/strong> \u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e9\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd<\/strong> \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong> \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc<\/strong>!\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n

(\u10d2\u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0: \u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u0444\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0. \u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d4\u10ef\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10ef\u10e6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8. 1980-\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10e5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10d8\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0 \u10d4\u10f2\u10d0 1993 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e4, \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10ec\u10dd\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc. \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e5\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc. \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e3 \u10d3\u10dd\u10de\u10d8. \u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc \u10d1\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d1\u10d8\u10f2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u0444\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8, \u10dc\u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4- \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\/ 24 II 2021)<\/p>\n

\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10d8\u10e4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d8\u10f2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u0444\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10d2\u10d4\u10d5\u10dd\u10ed\u10d9\u10d0\u10d7, \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8?! \u10e1\u10dd \u10f2\u10d4\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7, \u10e1\u10dd \u10d3\u10d8\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7? \u10e1\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d7? \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc, \u10db\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e6\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d7? \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3 \u10dc\u10ec\u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7? \u10db\u10e3 \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10da\u10d4\u10e6\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc? \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4, \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8? \u10d0\u10ec\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd \u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10d7? \u10db\u10e3 \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e4\u10d7? \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc? \u10d3\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7, \u10db\u10e3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc!<\/p>\n

\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong>: 1960 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e3\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8. \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d4 \u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4. \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e3\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e1\u10d9\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8, \u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e5\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10e8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d7\u10e3. \u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u0444\u10e2\u10d8. \u10f0\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd \u10e1\u10dd\u10e1\u10f2\u10d0\u10da \u10e4\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10df\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e5\u10d7\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10ed\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10da\u10d4\u10e6\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4 1990 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d2\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10e1\u10ef\u10d2\u10e3\u10da\u10d4. \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e9\u10ee\u10d4, 2000 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10e5\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10f2\u10d8. \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d1\u10dd\u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10f2\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10dc. \u10d4\u10e9\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10df\u10e3\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1, \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e1\u10d9\u10e3\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0. \u10dd\u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0, \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8. \u10d0\u10e0- \u10df\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e0- \u10df\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d7\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d2\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8, \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u0444\u10e2\u10d8. \u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10e2\u10e3 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0- \u10df\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10f2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d2\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8. \u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e3\u10db \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc: \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8. \u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e5\u10d0 \u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10d1\u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10db. \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10ed\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3. \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0 \u10dd\u10da\u10d5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4, \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8.<\/p>\n

\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e1\u10dd \u10d3\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3 \u10d6\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10ed\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10dd\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1? \u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8?<\/p>\n

\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong>: \u10db\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc, \u10df\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10f2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d3\u10e3 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d4\u10dc\u10ef\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d1\u10e3\u10ed\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d8, \u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e2\u10e3. 1980 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u0444\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10f2\u10e3. \u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u0444\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4 \u10db\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8. \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e9\u10ee\u10d4 NRW \u10d4\u10f2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10ee\u10e3\u10db \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u0444\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10df\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d1\u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8. \u10d9\u10d0\u0444\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2 \u10d3\u10e0. \u10df\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2 \u10d2\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8, \u10f0\u10d8\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0 \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u0444\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10d9\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10f2\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3 (\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10e3) \u10e5\u10dd\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8.<\/p>\n

\u10d3\u10e0.\u00a0 \u10df\u10dd\u10e1\u10e2 \u10d2\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4, \u10da\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u0444\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4 \u10dd\u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u0444\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10df\u10e3\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3 \u10d0\u10da\u0444\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e2\u10e3 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8- \u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10dd\u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4 \u10d2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10e3. \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e9\u10ee\u10d4 \u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u0444\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 \u0424\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10dc \u10ee\u10dd\u10ef\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8.<\/p>\n

\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>: \u10d0\u10e0\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7, \u10db\u10e3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc?! \u201c\u0424\u10d4\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10e6\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u201d \u10f2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8. \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10db\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0 \u0424\u10d4\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10ee\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10d8, \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10d8? \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1 \u201c\u0424\u10d4\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10e6\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u201d. \u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e5 \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd \u10d6\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5 \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd. \u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e5 \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd- \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d7\u10e5\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1. \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc \u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10db \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc. \u10db\u10e3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10df\u10d8\u10dc?<\/p>\n

\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong>: 1984 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u0444\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 \u0424\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10dc \u10ee\u10dd\u10ef\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8, \u10d0\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e5\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u0424\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10dd\u10ef\u10d0 \u10d3\u10e0. \u10db\u10d8\u10ef\u10f0\u10d0\u10d4\u10da \u10df\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e5 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e9\u10e3. \u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u0444\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 \u0424\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10dc \u10ee\u10dd\u10ef\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e0\u10e3\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10ed\u10d8\u10d7\u10e3, \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dd\u10d9\u10dd\u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8\u10d7\u10e3. \u0424\u10d0\u10f0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10f0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc (\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10e6\u10da\u10d8) \u10ee\u10dd\u10ef\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e5\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10d9\u10e3\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3, \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10f2\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e9\u10d8\u10d7\u10e3. \u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10da\u0444\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10e6\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u0444\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4 \u10f2\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4 \u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7\u10e3. \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e9\u10ee\u10d4 \u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d0, \u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u0444\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 \u0424\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10dc\u00a0\u00a0 \u10ee\u10dd\u10ef\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4 \u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d4\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10f2\u10e3. \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10e0\u10e3\u10d1\u10e3 \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10ed\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10e9\u10d8\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d8\u10e8\u10dd \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3. \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3 \u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10e3 \u0424\u10d0\u10f0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10f0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10f2\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3. \u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u0444\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 \u0424\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10dc\u00a0\u00a0 \u10ee\u10dd\u10ef\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0 \u10df\u10e3\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3 \u10d0\u10da\u0444\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4 \u10db\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10e2\u10d8, \u10f0\u10d0\u10db \u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d0\u10df\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0 \u10de\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d4\u10e8\u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0 \u10dd\u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3 \u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u0444\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 \u0424\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10dc\u00a0\u00a0 \u10ee\u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd. \u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8, \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc. 1984\u00a0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10d9\u10dc\u10d0 \u10ef\u10d4\u10dc\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d8\u10e1\u10e5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10e8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 1990\u00a0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u0444\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 \u0424\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10dc\u00a0\u00a0 \u10ee\u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10e5 \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d4\u10e5\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10e6\u10e3. \u10f0\u10d8\u10db \u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d9\u10e3 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0\u10dc \u10ee\u10d4 \u10d2\u10dd\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10d8\u10d7\u10e3. \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d4\u10ef\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10dd\u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10ed\u10d4\u10e1\u10d3\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3.<\/p>\n

\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7, \u10db\u10e3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc! \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc. \u201c\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u201d, \u201c\u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10e2\u10d9\u10dd \u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ef\u10d0\u201d, \u10d0\u10ee \u10d2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10d6\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0\u201d, \u201c\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u201d, \u201c\u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u201d \u10d3\u10dd \u201c\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u201d \u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc; \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4. \u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8? \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8? \u10db\u10e3 \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e9\u10d0\u10e4\u10d7 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc? \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd- \u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7, \u10db\u10e3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc!<\/p>\n

\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong>: \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4 \u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10dd\u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3 1987 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10ed\u10d8. \u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u0444\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d2 \u0424\u10d4\u10e3\u10e0\u10e8\u10d7\u10d4\u10d8\u10dc\u00a0\u00a0 \u10ee\u10dd\u10ef\u10d0 \u201e\u10e4\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10dd\u10db \u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u201c \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d4 \u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3 \u201e\u10d0\u10e0- \u10df\u10e3\u10e0 \u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8” \u10f2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd. \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7 \u10e8\u10d8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10ef\u10e6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8. \u10f0\u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10ed\u10d8.\u00a0 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8 \u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10db\u10d8: “\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10dc\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8”, \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4,\u00a0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d1\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10dd\u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3 \u10e5\u10dd\u10ef\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8. 1997 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8. \u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4. \u10e9\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10f2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0 \u10dd\u10d6\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e3. “\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0”: 1990 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4, \u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10dd\u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10ed\u10d8, \u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u0444\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dd\u10d6\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d2\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d0\u10db \u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10f2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10e3. \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e9\u10ee\u10d4 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 2000-\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e5\u10f2\u10e3\u10d6 \u10f2\u10d0\u10f2\u10d8\u10dc\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 “\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0” \u10f2\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3, \u10d0\u10e0- \u10df\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e1\u10d0\u10f2\u0444\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4. ” \u10d0\u10f0 \u10d2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6”: \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4 \u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10db\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10d7\u10d8. \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4, \u10e9\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4, \u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10e8\u10d9\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10e2\u10d8. \u10f0\u10d0\u10db \u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u00a0 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e9 \u10f2\u10d0\u10f2\u10d8\u10dc\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0 2001 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 ” \u10d0\u10f0 \u10d2\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6 ” \u10f2\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8. “\u10d1\u10d8\u10e0 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e3\u10e9 \u10e5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc”: \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e9\u10ee\u10d4 \u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d4\u10ef\u10d0\u10f2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10e3. \u10f0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 “\u10d1\u10d8\u10e0 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e3\u10e9 \u10e5\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc” \u10f2\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8. \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e9 \u10f2\u10d0\u10f2\u10d8\u10dc\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0, 2004 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1. \u10f0\u10d0\u10db \u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d4\u10ef\u10d0\u10f2\u10d4 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4. “\u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d0-\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0”: 2012 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 “\u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d0-\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10eb\u10d0”, \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10f2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u0444\u10d8 \u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e9 \u10f2\u10d0\u10f2\u10d8\u10dc\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10e3. \u10f0\u10d0\u10db \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10df\u10e3\u10e0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10e3. \u201e\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \/ \u10e5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e5 \u10f2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u201c: 2014 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u201e\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \/ \u10e5\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e5 \u10f2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u201c, \u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u00a0 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8, \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10f2\u10d0\u10f2\u10d8\u10dc\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0. \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10df\u10e3\u10e0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4. \u201e\u10d4\u10df\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d5\u10d4 \u10e9\u10dd\u10ef\u10e3\u10e5\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u201c 2020 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8. \u10d0\u10dc\u10d8-\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4. \u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10ee\u10e2\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc. \u10f0\u10d0\u10db \u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 LKD \u10f2\u10d0\u10f2\u10d8\u10dc\u10da\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10e2\u10e3.<\/p>\n

\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc; \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0\u10db\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e3 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d3\u10dd \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10e3\u10d7. \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10df\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8? \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e4\u10e3\u10e5\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0?<\/p>\n

\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong>: \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d9\u10d8\u10db\u10d8, \u10f0\u10e3\u10f2 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10dc: \u10d0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dd\u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10eb\u10e3\u10dc. \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0 \u10de\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10e3\u10db. \u10db\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc, \u10d0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d2\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd \u10d1\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0. \u10dd\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10e1 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1, \u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10d1\u10e9\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc.<\/p>\n

\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u00a0\u10db\u10d0 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc; \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u201c\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u201d \u10d1\u10d4\u10ef\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10e5\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d7. \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10dc \u10f2\u10d4\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3 \u201c\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u201d \u0444\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10ed\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7 \u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10e3\u10e1 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1?<\/p>\n

\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u10f0\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10d0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e6\u10d8 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc. \u10e8\u10d9\u10e3 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e6\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1. \u10dd\u10d9\u10dd\u10ee\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8, \u10f0\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8. \u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8. \u10f0\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd \u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e6\u10d8 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e8\u10d9\u10e3 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e6\u10d8 \u10e5\u10dd\u10ef\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10d7\u10e3, \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10f2\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4, 1997 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10f2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8 NRW-\u10e1.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u10db\u10d0 \u10e8\u10e3\u10e5\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10ec\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7. \u10d0\u10ec\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10dd\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d2\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10dc\u10d0, \u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7, \u10db\u10e3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc!<\/p>\n

\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10db\u10d0<\/strong> \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong>: \u10d2\u10d0\u10db \u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d0\u10df\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10e6\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4. \u10e8\u10d9\u10e3 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d5\u10dd\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d3\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ali İhsan Aksamaz  (Ön açıklama: Bugünkü misafirim Selma Koçiva. Selma Koçiva, Laz Rönesansının önemli öncülerinden biri; 1980’li yıllardan beri Lazcayı yaşatmak için canla- başla çalışıyor.  Kendisini, 1993’den bu yana tanıyorum, ancak makalelerinden çok önceden haberim var. Selma Koçiva, “Lazuri Mektebi”nin de kurucularından. Kendisiyle bir söyleşi yaptım. Biyografisi, çalışmaları- kitapları ve “Laz Alfabesi”nden bahsettik. Ali İhsan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[135],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18473","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yazarlar-ali-ihsan-aksamaz-laz-kulturu","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18473","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18473"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18473\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18494,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18473\/revisions\/18494"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18473"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18473"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18473"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}