![\"\"](\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/8-MARTI-HATIRLARKEN\u2026-b.png\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0\u201c8 Mart\u201d\u0131n tarih\u00e7esini ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki anlam\u0131n\u0131 herkes \u00e7ok iyi biliyor. O sebeple de bilinenleri bir kez daha burada tekrarlamak istemiyorum. Onun yerine Cumhuriyet tarihimizin ilk \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc ve bilin\u00e7li kad\u0131n emek\u00e7i direni\u015fini ve bu direni\u015fin ads\u0131z kahramanlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirmenin daha do\u011fru oldu\u011funu ve \u201c8 Mart\u201d\u0131n ruhuna da \u00e7ok daha uygun d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n \u201c\u015eeyh Said \u0130syan\u0131\u201d sebebiyle, zaman\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve uygulamaya koydu\u011fu 578 say\u0131l\u0131 ve 4 Mart 1925 tarihli \u201cTakrir- i S\u00fck\u00fbn Kanunu\u201dyla her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve hak arama\u00a0\u00a0yasakland\u0131. Bu kanunun etkileri yaln\u0131zca gen\u00e7 Cumhuriyetin do\u011fusunda de\u011fil, b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de de hissedildi. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc muhalefet yasakt\u0131. Kanun, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kalkt\u0131ktan sonra da etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun, sendikalar\u0131n ve sendikal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin, sa\u011fl\u0131k sigortas\u0131, emekli maa\u015f\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llard\u0131. \u201cMaa\u015fl\u0131\u201d de\u011fil, \u201c\u00fccretli\u201d olmak esast\u0131. G\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi 12 saati a\u015f\u0131yordu. Tatil g\u00fcn\u00fc yoktu.\u00a0\u00a0Ge\u00e7im endeksi yoktu. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n do\u011fum izni yoktu.<\/p>\n Bu \u015fartlarda illegal olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmek zorunda kalan \u201c\u0130zmir \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri Sendikas\u0131 Birli\u011fi\u201d; (S\u00fcheyla) Safiye Top\u00e7uo\u011flu, Mal\u00f6\u015f (Makbule \u0130zmirli) ve S\u00f6keli (Melek Top\u00e7uo\u011flu) \u00f6nderli\u011finde, bir \u0130ngiliz- Amerikan ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan \u201cGlen Tabacco Fabrikas\u0131\u201dnda kad\u0131n emek\u00e7ileri \u00f6rg\u00fctlemeyi ba\u015fard\u0131. Kad\u0131n emek\u00e7iler, gizlice \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve bir hak arama m\u00fccadelesine giri\u015fti.<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130zmir- Glen Tabacco Fabrikas\u0131\u201dn\u0131n kad\u0131n emek\u00e7ilerinin 1929\u2019daki bu hak arama m\u00fccadelesi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7e\u015fitli sebeplerden dolay\u0131 bilinmemesine ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da sahiplenilememesine ra\u011fmen, Cumhuriyet T\u00fcrkiyesi\u2019nin anlaml\u0131 miraslar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/p>\n Fabrikadaki kad\u0131n emek\u00e7iler, S\u00fcheyla \u00f6nderli\u011finde bir oturma eylemi ba\u015flatt\u0131lar. Bir karton par\u00e7as\u0131na da tek taleplerini yazd\u0131lar: \u201c\u00dccretlerimize y\u00fczde on zam istiyoruz!\u201d Emek\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar yerde oturuyor ve hi\u00e7 konu\u015fmuyorlard\u0131. Kendilerini, i\u015flerinin ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00f6nmeye ikna etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015fveren temsilcilerine ve kolluk kuvvetlerine, s\u00fcrekli olarak parmaklar\u0131yla bir taleplerinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu karton par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131, bir S\u00fcheyla\u2019y\u0131 i\u015faret ediyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n Emek\u00e7i kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sars\u0131lmayan \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren i\u015fveren temsilcileri, \u00fcretim mevsiminin en s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131k oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nemde emek\u00e7ileri kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131na almay\u0131 ve madd\u00ee zarara u\u011framay\u0131 g\u00f6ze alamad\u0131. \u0130\u015fveren temsilcileri ve kolluk kuvvetleri rasyonel davrand\u0131.\u00a0\u00a0Eylem, iki bu\u00e7uk saat i\u00e7inde ba\u015flad\u0131 ve ba\u015far\u0131yla da bitti. Kad\u0131n emek\u00e7ilerin talepleri yerine getirilmekle kalmad\u0131, ayn\u0131 zam erkek emek\u00e7ilere de yans\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131. O y\u0131llarda erkek emek\u00e7ilerin kad\u0131n emek\u00e7ilerden daha fazla \u00fccret ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bilmeyenler i\u00e7in hat\u0131rlatmakta fayda var.<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130zmir- Glen Tabacco Fabrikas\u0131\u201dndaki kad\u0131n emek\u00e7ilerin bu hak arama direni\u015fi ba\u015far\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Ancak direni\u015fin \u00f6nderleri mimlendi ve daha sonra s\u00fcrekli takibata u\u011frad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n \u201c\u0130zmir- Glen Tabacco Fabrikas\u0131\u201d kad\u0131n emek\u00e7ilerin hakl\u0131 direni\u015finden habersiz olmak, nas\u0131l T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f\u00e7i S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n tarihini iyi bilmemek gibi bir anlama geliyorsa, bu direni\u015fi \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen enternasyonalist S\u00fcheyla\u2019y\u0131 tan\u0131mamak, hayat hik\u00e2yesini bilmemek ve ad\u0131n\u0131 her \u201c8 Mart\u201dta Clara Zetkin ile beraber anmamak da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir vefas\u0131zl\u0131k anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n 18 ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda, Do\u011fu Karadenizin k\u0131r yoksullar\u0131 i\u00e7in ekmek kap\u0131s\u0131 \u0130stanbul ve \u0130zmir de\u011fil, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131 topraklar\u0131yd\u0131: Batum, Anaklia, Zugdidi, Poti, Tiflis, O\u00e7am\u00e7ire, Sohum, So\u00e7i, Kiev, vb. kentler ve \u00e7evreleri. O zamanlar Osmanl\u0131 T\u00fcrkiyesi\u2019nin \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 etnik k\u00f6ken ve dinlerden Do\u011fu Karadenizli k\u0131r yoksullar\u0131 ekmeklerini \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda ar\u0131yordu<\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Rize\/ Pazar\u2019\u0131n \u201cElmal\u0131\u201d (de\u011fi\u015ftirilen Lazca ad\u0131: \u201cK\u0306uzik\u0306a\/\u00a0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d6\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u201d) k\u00f6y\u00fcnden Ali Usta da ekme\u011fini \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131 topraklar\u0131nda arayan binlerce Do\u011fu Karadenizli emek\u00e7iden biriydi.<\/p>\n \u00a0Ali Usta\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndan Safiye (Top\u00e7uo\u011flu), \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\/\u00a0\u00a0Stavropol kentinde\u00a01909\u2019da\u00a0do\u011fdu. \u00c7ok iyi bir e\u011fitim ald\u0131.\u00a0\u00a0Bunu yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00f6nce piyoner ard\u0131ndan da komsomol oldu. Daha sonra da ailesiyle birlikte \u0130zmir\u2019e yerle\u015fti.<\/p>\n Safiye (Top\u00e7uo\u011flu), 1932\u2019de \u00f6nce TKF Kongresi \u0130zmir delegeli\u011fine ve ard\u0131ndan da Merkez Komitesi asil \u00fcyeli\u011fine se\u00e7ildi. Y\u00fcr\u00fctme Komitesinde de g\u00f6rev verildi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de o d\u00f6nemde su\u00e7 say\u0131lan sendikal faaliyetleri \u00f6rg\u00fctleyenlere y\u00f6nelik tutuklamalar ba\u015flay\u0131nca yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmak zorunda kald\u0131.1936\u2019da \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc. 1946\u2019da kurulan T\u00fcrkiye Sosyalist Partisine yolda\u015flar\u0131 destek verdi. \u201cGer\u00e7ek\u201d adl\u0131 gazetenin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131na \u00f6nderlik etti. 21 \u015eubat 1976\u2019da vefat eden Safiye Top\u00e7uo\u011flu \u0130zmir\u2019de topra\u011fa veridi.<\/p>\n Safiye Top\u00e7uo\u011flu, hayat\u0131 boyunca enternasyonalizme ve temelleri Gazi Mustafa Kemal (Atat\u00fcrk) ve Vladimir Lenin taraf\u0131ndan at\u0131lan T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti- Sovyet Rusya Dostlu\u011funa hep sad\u0131k kald\u0131. Safiye Top\u00e7uo\u011flu, Cumhuriyet T\u00fcrkiyesi\u2019nin kad\u0131n emek m\u00fccadelesinin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n +<\/strong><\/p>\n (\u00d6nerilen okumalar: Ahmet Hulusi K\u0131r\u0131m, \u201cEkim Devrimi Aynas\u0131nda Tek \u00dclkede Sosyalizm\u201d, El Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2016;\u00a0\u00a0Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cY\u00fcrekli Bir Laz Kad\u0131n\u0131: Bedia Hala\u201d, sonhaber.ch, 6 VI 2020; \u0130brahim S\u0131rr\u0131 Top\u00e7uo\u011flu, \u201cSava\u015f Yaras\u0131- 1, 2 (An\u0131)\u201d, Kendi Yay\u0131n\u0131, G\u00fcryay Matbaas\u0131, \u0130zmir, 1975;\u00a0\u00a0\u0130brahim S\u0131rr\u0131 Top\u00e7uo\u011flu, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u0130lk Sendika Sar\u0131k\u0131\u015fla\u2019da\/ 1932\u201d, \u00d6nc\u00fc Kitapevi, \u0130stanbul, 1975; \u0130brahim S\u0131rr\u0131 Top\u00e7uo\u011flu, \u201cNeden 2 Sosyalist Partisi-1946\/ TKP Kurulu\u015fu ve M\u00fccadelesinin Tarihi- 1, 2, 3\u201d, Kendi Yay\u0131n\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1976; \u0130brahim S\u0131rr\u0131 Top\u00e7uo\u011flu, \u201cSava\u015f ve Dostluk\/ T\u00fcrk- Sovyet \u0130li\u015fkileri\u201d, Kendi Yay\u0131n\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1979;\u00a0Rasim Y\u0131lmaz, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Lazlar\u0131 ve Laz K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u201d, 08haber.com, 19 V 2017;S\u00fcleyman Nuri, \u201cUyanan Esirler\/ \u00c7anakkale Siperlerinden TKP Y\u00f6netimine\u201d, T\u00fcstav Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2002)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ali İhsan Aksamaz “8 Mart”ın tarihçesini ve günümüzdeki anlamını herkes çok iyi biliyor. O sebeple de bilinenleri bir kez daha burada tekrarlamak istemiyorum. Onun yerine Cumhuriyet tarihimizin ilk örgütlü ve bilinçli kadın emekçi direnişini ve bu direnişin adsız kahramanlarını gündeme getirmenin daha doğru olduğunu ve “8 Mart”ın ruhuna da çok daha uygun düştüğünü düşünüyorum. “Şeyh […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[135],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18588","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yazarlar-ali-ihsan-aksamaz-laz-kulturu","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18588","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18588"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18588\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18594,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18588\/revisions\/18594"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18588"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18588"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18588"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"ht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