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Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz<\/strong><\/p>\n (\u00d6n a\u00e7\u0131klama: Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc misafirim H\u0131d\u0131r Eren. Kendisi, Zaza dili \u00f6\u011fretmenlerinden. Belki siz de biliyorsunuz, bilemiyorum;\u00a0\u00a0kendisi, Zaza dilinin \u00f6nemli emektarlar\u0131ndan bir tanesi. Zazaca yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f kitaplar\u0131 da var kendisinin. Zaza dilinden; Zazacan\u0131n dil ailesi, yurti\u00e7i ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan tarihi, akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan; Zazalar\u0131n kurulu derneklerinden; emektar H\u0131d\u0131r Eren\u2019in biyografisi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan konu\u015ftuk. Bu metin, o konu\u015fmam\u0131za ili\u015fkin. Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz)<\/p>\n +<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz<\/strong>: \u00d6nce biyografinizden konu\u015fal\u0131m; \u00f6yle ba\u015flayal\u0131m, olur mu?! Nerede do\u011fdunuz? Hangi okullarda okudunuz? Evli misiniz? \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131z ve torunlar\u0131n\u0131z var m\u0131? \u015eimdi nerede ya\u015f\u0131yorsunuz? L\u00fctfen, kendimizden bahsedin bize!<\/p>\n H\u0131d\u0131r Eren:<\/strong> D\u00easim ilinin, Ovac\u0131k il\u00e7esi, Zeran\u0131ge K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nde 15 \u015eubat 1957 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fdum. \u0130lkokulu kendi k\u00f6y\u00fcmde, Ortaokulu Keban\u2019da, \u00d6\u011fretmen Okulu\u2019nu D\u00easim merkezde okudum. 15 y\u0131l k\u00f6ylerde \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapt\u0131ktan sonra \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Sosyoloji b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, ard\u0131ndan da Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde Sosyoloji y\u00fcksek lisans\u0131 yapt\u0131m. 41 y\u0131l e\u011fitim alan\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik kademelerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m.\u00a0Evliyim. \u0130ki k\u0131z\u0131m var.\u015eimdilik 6 ay k\u00f6y\u00fcmde, 6 ay \u0130stanbul\u2019da kal\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda Be\u015fikta\u015f il\u00e7esinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken bir k\u0131s\u0131m arkada\u015fla periyodik bir bi\u00e7imde bir arya gelerek, Zazalar\u0131n sorunlar\u0131 ile ilgili toplant\u0131lar yapt\u0131k. Bu toplant\u0131lar sonras\u0131nda bu dilin ya\u015famas\u0131 ve ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir vak\u0131f ya da bir dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr derne\u011fi kurmak \u00fczere yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131k. Vak\u0131f kurma i\u015f ve i\u015flemleri ile maliyetinin y\u00fcksekli\u011finden dolay\u0131 dernekle\u015fmeye karar verip, 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul Beyo\u011flu\u2019nda ilk Zaza Dil ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr Derne\u011fi\u2019ni kurduk. O g\u00fcnden bu g\u00fcne bu dernek \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekteyiz. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m\u0131za ba\u015flarken\u00a0\u00a0s\u0131ras\u0131yla; Zazaca Kurslar Ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z Zazaca Konu\u015fuyor, Zazaca yay\u0131nlardan olu\u015fan k\u00fct\u00fcphane, Zaza yazarlar\u0131n kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 imzalama g\u00fcnleri, zaza esnaf ve i\u015fadamlar\u0131n\u0131 ziyaretler, payda\u015f dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr derneklerini ziyaretler, dil komisyonu olu\u015fturma, Zazaca ders materyalleri olu\u015fturma komisyonu, Payda\u015f dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr dernekleriyle ortak projeler olu\u015fturma (Anadolu Halklar\u0131 Ne istiyor, Bar\u0131\u015f Festivali gibi ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00c7e\u015fitlili\u011fi gibi\u2026), \u00dcniversitelerin zazalara y\u00f6nelik d\u00fczenledi\u011fi sempozyumlara bildirilerle kat\u0131l\u0131m sa\u011flama, D\u00easim\u2019de d\u00fczenlenen Munzur Do\u011fa ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr Festivali\u2019ne i\u015ftirak etme, gerekli mercilere Zazaca radyo ve Tv ba\u015fvurular\u0131nda bulunma, Zazaca\u2019n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu duruma dikkat \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in TBMM\u2019de bas\u0131n toplant\u0131lar\u0131 yapma, Se\u00e7meli Zazaca dersler i\u00e7in Munzur \u00dcniversitesiyle ortak komisyon kurup \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flatma, Artuklu \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ne verilen Zazaca se\u00e7meli ders kitab\u0131 yaz\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n zazacay\u0131 nas\u0131l katletti\u011fini raporlarla MEB\u2019na sunmak, Kitap yaz\u0131m\u0131nda Zazaca \u0130SBN alma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctme, derne\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 yay\u0131nevi kurma, Ovac\u0131k il\u00e7esi ile Zeran\u0131ge k\u00f6y\u00fcnde Zazaca Yaz Okulu a\u00e7ma gibi faaliyetleri s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekteyiz\u2026<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz:<\/strong> Zazaca da insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sembollerinden. Zazacan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n da \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en eski ayak izleri, di\u011fer dillerde oldu\u011fu gibi, Zazacan\u0131n da i\u00e7inde sakl\u0131d\u0131r; ben b\u00f6yle biliyorum. B\u00f6yle s\u00f6yleyebilirim. Bu benim insanl\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m. Zazaca ya\u015fay\u0131nca, insanl\u0131k da ya\u015fayacak. Zazaca \u00f6l\u00fcnce, insanl\u0131k da, karde\u015flik de \u00f6lecek. Anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m b\u00f6yle. Siz, bu anlay\u0131\u015fa ili\u015fkin neler s\u00f6yleyebilirsiniz? Do\u011frusunu s\u00f6yleyelim; T\u00fcrkiye, Zazaca gibi diler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok zengin. Bu durum, T\u00fcrkiyenin zenginli\u011fi. Ancak bizler \u00e7o\u011funlukla bu dillerden haberdar de\u011filiz. Bu duruma ili\u015fkin siz neler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz? Bu durumun sorumlusu kim? Siz neler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/p>\n H\u0131d\u0131r Eren:<\/strong> Dillerin t\u00fcm\u00fc, hangi dil olursa olsun, her dil; hayat\u0131, insan\u0131, insan ili\u015fkilerini, do\u011fay\u0131, do\u011fada var olan\u0131 tan\u0131mlamaya\/anlamland\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u0130nsanl\u0131k, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yap\u0131p etmeleri, yaratt\u0131klar\u0131, kendinden sonraya aktar\u0131mlar\u0131, kazan\u0131mlar\u0131; k\u0131sacas\u0131 varl\u0131k-d\u00fcnyas\u0131na bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 t\u00fcm dillerin olmazsa olmaz \u00e7abas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130nsan kendi ba\u015f\u0131na de\u011fil, tarihi ile birlikte vard\u0131r. Yani, tarihsel bir varl\u0131k alan\u0131d\u0131r. Bu tarihi varl\u0131k da dil sayesindedir. \u0130nsan dil ile birlikte varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 edinmi\u015ftir. O nedenledir ki, insanl\u0131k ne yaparsa yaps\u0131n, nas\u0131l bir i\u015f tutarsa tutsun, neler yaratacaksa yarats\u0131n, kazan\u0131mlar\u0131, kaybettikleri, zaferleri, yenilgileri, bulu\u015flar\u0131\u2026 akl\u0131m\u0131za gelebilecek t\u00fcm yap\u0131p-etmeleri dil sayesinde olu\u015fur, dil sayesinde ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa<\/p>\n aktar\u0131l\u0131r, dil sayesinde bilgi d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki yerini al\u0131r. T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n yarat\u0131m ve aktar\u0131m\u0131nda insanl\u0131k dile bor\u00e7ludur. Diller olmasayd\u0131, ne varl\u0131k-tarihinden ne de insanl\u0131k- tarihinden s\u00f6z edilebilinirdi.<\/p>\n Onun i\u00e7indir ki, koruyup kollad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z her dil; koruyup kollad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z insanl\u0131kt\u0131r. Yok etti\u011fimiz her dil de yok etti\u011fimiz \u201cinsanl\u0131k\u201dt\u0131r. Diller ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrler ba\u011flam\u0131nda bu kadar zengin olan bu topraklar\u0131 \u00e7orakla\u015ft\u0131rmak bir insanl\u0131k su\u00e7udur.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz:<\/strong> \u015eimdi de Zazacadan konu\u015fal\u0131m, bahsedelim! Zazaca hangi dil ailesinden? Zazaca, bir dil mi yoksa bir ba\u015fka dilin leh\u00e7esi mi? Biliyorum, bu sahada \u00e7e\u015fitli teoriler var. Siz, bu teorilere ili\u015fkin neler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/p>\n H\u0131d\u0131r Eren:<\/strong>\u00a0Zazaca Hint-Avrupa dil ailesinin \u0130rani diller grubundand\u0131r. \u0130rani diller i\u00e7erisinde Zazaca\u2019n\u0131n yeri ve hususiyeti (ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bir dil olmas\u0131) \u00fczerine O. Mann (1906), K. Hadank (1932), P.Detesco (1921), G. Morgenstierne (1958), I. M. Oranskij (1963), G. L. Windfuhr (1989), V. S. Rastorgueva (1990), J. Gippert (1996) bir \u00e7ok dilibilimci taraf\u0131ndan makaleler yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130rani diller \u00f6nce kendi aralar\u0131nda do\u011fu ve bat\u0131, ard\u0131ndan da kuzey ve g\u00fcney olarak tasnif edilirler. Zazaca Kuzaybat\u0131 \u0130rani diller aras\u0131nda say\u0131l\u0131r. Fars\u00e7a ise g\u00fcneybat\u0131 \u0130rani diller aras\u0131nda yer\u00a0al\u0131r. Zazaca Orta Fars\u00e7a (Pehlevice) ve Klasik Fars\u00e7a dan \u00e7ok, Avesta ve Part\u00e7a\u2019ya yak\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bizler K\u00fcrt\u00e7e konu\u015fan birileriyle ancak ve ancak T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00fczerinden anla\u015fabilmekteyiz. Bu bile bizim konu\u015ftu\u011fumuz dilin K\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u2019nin ya da bir ba\u015fka dilin leh\u00e7esi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermeye yetiyor. Leh\u00e7e teorileri, dilbilimsellikten uzak tamamen siyaseten s\u00f6ylenilen s\u00f6zlerden ibarettir.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz<\/strong>: Biz, bu dili Zazaca olarak biliyoruz.\u00a0\u00a0Zazaca, ba\u015fka ad ile de biliniyor mu? Bunlardan da bize bahsedin, l\u00fctfen!<\/p>\n H\u0131d\u0131r Eren:<\/strong>\u00a0Almanlar\u0131n kendilerini bulunduklar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere g\u00f6re (Preu\u00dfe, Sachse, Bayer, West-fale vb.) adland\u0131rmalar\u0131 gibi, Zazalar da ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 alanlara g\u00f6re kendilerini farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerde (Zaza, K\u0131rmanc, D\u0131m\u0131li, K\u0131rd, G\u0131n\u0131c, Elewi, \u015ear\u00ea Ma vb.)\u00a0\u00a0adland\u0131rmaktad\u0131rlar. D\u0131\u015far\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 ise kendilerini Zaza olarak adland\u0131r\u0131rlar. Hem bu ba\u011flamda hem de uluslarars\u0131 terminolojiye girmi\u015f olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 bu toplulu\u011fa Zaza, dillerine de Zazaca denilmektedir.<\/p>\n K\u00fcrtler, Zazaca konu\u015fan bu toplulu\u011fa ya zaza ya da D\u0131m\u0131li demektedirler. Sar\u0131z, Zara, Divri\u011fi ile Malatya\u2019da K\u00fcrtler Zaza dili i\u00e7in \u201cG\u0131ni\u201d derler. G\u0131ni ad\u0131, Beypazar ve Ula\u015f\u2019ta ya\u015fayan bir Zaza a\u015firetinin ad\u0131d\u0131r. Zazaca konu\u015fan Dersim Alevileri kendilerine K\u0131rmanc, Sunilere T\u0131rk, K\u00fcrtlere ise Khurr, dillerine de K\u0131rda\u015fki derler. Ve kendilerini onlarla bir tutmazlar. Tekman ve H\u0131n\u0131s\u2019ta Zazaca konu\u015fan Aleviler ise kendilerine Elewi, Sunilere de K\u00fcrt derler. Onlar da kendilerini K\u00fcrtlerden ayr\u0131 tutmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz<\/strong>: Biliyorum; Zazaca, T\u00fcrkiyenin her yerinde konu\u015fuluyor. Tarihsel olarak, Zazaca \u00e7o\u011funlukla Turkiyenin hangi kentlerinde konu\u015fuluyor? T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Zazaca ba\u015fka hangi \u00fclkelerde konu\u015fuluyor?<\/p>\n H\u0131d\u0131r Eren:<\/strong>\u00a0Zaza dili ekseriyetle Yukar\u0131 F\u0131rat b\u00f6lgesinde konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r. Kuzey bat\u0131da zara, bat\u0131da \u00c7emi\u015fgezeg, g\u00fcneyde Siverek, g\u00fcney do\u011fuda Mutki ve Tatvan, do\u011fuda Varto ve H\u0131n\u0131s, Kuzayde Tercan ve \u00c7ay\u0131rl\u0131 ile \u00e7evirili bir b\u00f6lge diyebiliriz. Bu b\u00f6lge d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Aksaray\u2019\u0131n on yedi k\u00f6y\u00fcnde, Ardahan\u2019\u0131n G\u00f6le \u0130l\u00e7esinin birka\u00e7 k\u00f6y\u00fcnde, Kars\u2019\u0131n Selim il\u00e7esinin baz\u0131 k\u00f6ylerinde ile kayser-Sar\u0131z\u2019da konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Kazakistan ile G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r. Cumbul\u2019da 10.000 zazan\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilmektedir. Bu Zazalar\u0131n, Stalin d\u00f6neminde Batum\u2019dan, Kazakistan\u2019a s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckleri bir vakad\u0131r. \u00dclke de 3-4 milyon aras\u0131nda insan Zazaca konu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 milyon da d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerde oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131l\u0131rsa, 5 milyon kadar Zazadan s\u00f6z etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz:<\/strong> L\u00fctfen, \u015fimdi de bizlere Zazacan\u0131n alfabesinden bahsedin! Zazaca da ka\u00e7 harf var? Ka\u00e7 harf sesli, ka\u00e7 harf sessiz, ka\u00e7 diftong?<\/p>\n H\u0131d\u0131r Eren:<\/strong> \u201ca, e, \u00a0\u0131, i , o, u, \u00fb\u201d olmak \u00fczere 7 \u00fcnl\u00fc, \u201cb, c, \u00e7, d, f, g, \u011f, h, j, k, l, m, n, q, p, r, s, \u015f, t, v, w, x, y, z\u201d 24 \u00fcns\u00fcz ve \u201cph, th, \u00e7h, kh\u201d gibi 4 diftong sesten olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz:<\/strong> \u00c7ok iyi biliyoruz,\u00a0\u00a0her dil, ba\u015fka dillerden \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 kelimelere sahip. Zazacan\u0131n da ba\u015fka dillerden \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 kelimeleri var m\u0131? \u00c7o\u011funlukla hangi dillerden \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 kelimelere sahip Zazaca? Bu \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 kelimeler genellikle hangi alanlardan? Di\u011fer dillerde de Zazacadan \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 kelimeler var m\u0131?<\/p>\n H\u0131d\u0131r Eren:<\/strong> Zazaca \u0130rani diller grubundan oldu\u011fundan, o dillerle ortak bir\u00e7ok kelime bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ok az Ermenice, Rumca ve Arap\u00e7a kelime de mevcuttur.<\/p>\n K\u00fcrt\u00e7e, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve Ermenice\u2019de Zazaca kelimelerin oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz:<\/strong> Siz de isterseniz,\u00a0\u00a0\u015fimdi de akademik alana gelelim! Zazaca alfabe, ilk olarak ne zaman ve nerede yay\u0131mland\u0131? Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fc ya da \u00f6nc\u00fcleri kim? Yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f Zazaca alfabe hangi ana alfabeden olu\u015ftu; Arap alfabesinden mi, Latin\u00a0\u00a0alfabesinden mi?!<\/p>\n H\u0131d\u0131r Eren:<\/strong>\u00a0Zazaca ilk olarak Peter Lerch (Rusya Bilimler Akademisi) taraf\u0131ndan 1856 y\u0131l\u0131nda kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kay\u0131tlar 1956-58 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Almanca ve Rus\u00e7a olarak yay\u0131mland\u0131. Bu kay\u0131tlarla ilgili 1964 y\u0131l\u0131nda F. M\u00fcller taraf\u0131ndan Dil Bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sonucunda zazaca\u2019n\u0131n ne kadar kadim bir dil oldu\u011fu, tesbitine var\u0131ld\u0131. O. Mann ve ard\u0131l\u0131 K.Hadank Zazaca \u00fczerine \u00f6nemli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulundular. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar 1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0Mundarten der Z\u00e2z\u00e2<\/em>\u00a0ad\u0131yla yay\u0131nland\u0131. Yine, V. Minorsky (La domination des Dailamites<\/em>, Paris 1931, S. 17; Daylam, Enzyklop\u00e4die des Islam), Albert von Le Coq (1901), bunlardan daha sonra Terry Lynn Todd (1985), Ludwig Paul (1998,\u00a0Zazaki – Grammatik und Versuch einer Dialektologie<\/em>) Merkez ve G\u00fcney a\u011fz\u0131; Z\u0131lfi Selcan (1998,\u00a0\u00a0Grammatik der Zaza-Sprache<\/em>, Nord-Dialekt -Dersim-Dialekt), \u0130lyas Arslan (2007\u00a0Partikeln<\/em>, 2016\u00a0Verbfunktionalit\u00e4t und Ergativit\u00e4t<\/em>), Mesut Keskin (2009\u00a0Zur dialektalen Gliederung des Zazaki<\/em>) Kuzey a\u011fz\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fcler.<\/p>\n Zazaca yaz\u0131l\u0131 metinler ilk \u00f6nce Arap harfleriyle, daha sonra Latin harfleriyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u015eu an Latin harfleriyle \u00fc\u00e7 alfabe kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Munzur \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde Selcan alfabesi, Vate \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma grubunda Bedirxan, Bing\u00f6l \u00dcniversitesi-yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki zaza ayd\u0131n ve yazarlar\u0131 ile Zaza-Der Jakobson alfabesini kullanmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz:<\/strong> T\u00fcrkiye ve T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda; ilk Zazaca alfabe, s\u00f6zl\u00fck ve kitap ne zaman ve nerede yay\u0131mland\u0131? Bu eserlerin \u00f6nc\u00fcleri kimlerdi?<\/p>\n H\u0131d\u0131r Eren:<\/strong> Zazalar uzun s\u00f6zl\u00fc edebiyat geleneklerine ra\u011fmen yaz\u0131l\u0131 Zaza edebiyat\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k son iki y\u00fczy\u0131l i\u00e7inde Arap alfabesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk bilinen Zazaca metinler 1798 ile 1833 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131na tarihlenen Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da bulunan Alevili\u011fe ait elyazmalar\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lk Zazaca bas\u0131l\u0131 eser ise Liceli Zaza Ahmede Xasi\u2019nin K\u00fcrt din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n Zazalar\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikimlerinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u015fakalar\u0131na cevap olarak yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 1899 y\u0131l\u0131nda bas\u0131lan Zazaca mevlittir. \u0130kinci Zazaca eser Siverek m\u00fcft\u00fcs\u00fc Osman Efendiyo Babic taraf\u0131ndan 1906\u2019da yaz\u0131lan ve 1933\u2019te \u015eam\u2019da bas\u0131lan mevlittir.<\/p>\n Zazaca yay\u0131ndaki 60 y\u0131ll\u0131k sessizlikten sonra, Zazaca b\u00f6l\u00fcm i\u00e7eren Roja Newe dergisinde 1964 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk Latin harfleriyle Zazaca yay\u0131n yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha sonralar\u0131 1980\u2032e kadarki d\u00f6nemde baz\u0131 sol tandansl\u0131 dergilerde Zazaca edebiyat \u00f6rnekleri g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Zazaca edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n yeniden do\u011fu\u015fu diyebilece\u011fimiz hamle Avrupa\u2019daki Zaza ilticac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan 1980 sonras\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nem \u201cZazaca\u2019n\u0131n R\u00f6nesans\u2019\u0131\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Zaza ayd\u0131nlar\u0131nca bu d\u00f6nemde Piya, Ayre, Desmale Sure, Ware, Tija Sod\u0131ri gibi dergiler ile bir dizi masal derlemeleri, hikaye ve romanlar yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f, s\u00f6zl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca; Avrupa (\u00f6zellikle Almanya) \u00fcniversitelerinde Zaza dili \u00fczerine \u00e7e\u015fitli doktora \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bunlar bas\u0131l\u0131 hale getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz:<\/strong> Zazacan\u0131n s\u00f6zl\u00fc edebiyat\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131llardan beri \u00e7ok zengin; \u00f6yle biliyorum. Ancak \u00e7ok iyi biliyoruz ki,\u00a0\u00a0art\u0131k globazalizasyon d\u00f6nemindeyiz. Globazalizasyon d\u00f6neminde, yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f dillerin ya\u015fama \u015fans\u0131 yok. Radyo- televizyon yay\u0131n\u0131, gazete yay\u0131n\u0131, e\u011fitim olmay\u0131nca, bu t\u00fcr dillerin ya\u015fama \u015fans\u0131 yok. TRT\u2019nin\u00a0\u00a0Zazaca yay\u0131n\u0131 var m\u0131?\u00a0\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Zazaca radyo- televizyon yay\u0131n\u0131 var m\u0131? L\u00fctfen, biraz da bu sorunlardan bahsedin bizlere!<\/p>\n H\u0131d\u0131r Eren:<\/strong> \u00c7ok hakl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Bir dil \u00f6ncelikle e\u011fitim dili olamam\u0131\u015f ise (o dilin mensuplar\u0131 kendi dillerinde okuyup yazm\u0131yorlar ise) o dil yok olmaya mahkumdur. \u00d6ncelikle olmas\u0131 gereken; t\u00fcm yerel dillerin hi\u00e7 olmazsa bulunduklar\u0131 yerelde e\u011fitim dili olmalar\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda MEB\u2019in haftada iki ders olarak ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7meli dersler ile birlikte Zazaca da e\u011fitim hayat\u0131 i\u00e7ine girmi\u015f oldu. Ancak, bu yabanc\u0131 diller kategorisi i\u00e7erisinde ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan buna tam bir e\u011fitim dili demek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Sadece e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131nda bu dili \u00f6\u011frenme talebinde olanlara kurs program\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde sunulmaktad\u0131r. E\u011fitim dili ise zorunlu e\u011fitim g\u00f6r\u00fclen dil demektir. Ad\u0131 \u00fczerinde: SE\u00c7MEL\u0130!<\/p>\n Radyo, TV noktas\u0131nda ise TRT Kurdi i\u00e7erisinde yar\u0131m saatlik, K\u00fcrt\u00e7e\u2019nin k\u0131rmas\u0131 ile sunulan bir program mevcut ki; bu program Zazacay\u0131 K\u00fcrt\u00e7e i\u00e7inde eritmeyi, asimile etmeyi hedeflemektedir. San\u0131r\u0131m, T.C., ba\u015f\u0131na yeni bir dil belas\u0131 almamak i\u00e7in, bu dilin K\u00fcrt\u00e7e i\u00e7inde erimesine olanak sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00c7e\u015fitli defalar 24 saat yay\u0131n yapacak Zazaca bir devlet kanal\u0131 i\u00e7in Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k ve RT\u00dcK\u2019e verdi\u011fimiz dilek\u00e7elere \u201c\u00f6zel kanal a\u00e7man\u0131z\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir engel yoktur\u201d cevab\u0131 verildi (!)<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz:<\/strong> Art\u0131k Zazaca da, devlet okullar\u0131ndaki se\u00e7meli derslerden biri; \u00f6yle biliyorum. Zazacan\u0131n ya\u015famas\u0131 i\u00e7in bu se\u00e7meli dersler yeterli mi? Bu duruma ili\u015fkin siz neler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz? T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerde Zazaca dersleri var m\u0131?<\/p>\n H\u0131d\u0131r Eren:<\/strong> Yukar\u0131da da s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fim \u00fczere, bir dil haftada iki saatle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 ve \u201cse\u00e7meli\u201d oldu\u011funda o dilin konu\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n onu se\u00e7mesini beklemek \u00e7ok ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olmasa gerek.<\/p>\n Yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u015fu ana kadar, bir Zaza ayd\u0131n ve e\u011fitimcisi olan Hakk\u0131 \u00c7imen\u2019in m\u00fccadelesi sonucu sadece Almanya\u2019n\u0131n bir eyaletinde ayn\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki gibi se\u00e7meli dersler programa al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir farkla ki, bizdeki \u0130l\u00e7e Milli E\u011fitim M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fckleri yerine orada var olan \u201cOkullar M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde 15 ki\u015fi m\u00fcracaat etti\u011finde hangi okul ya da s\u0131n\u0131fta olursa olsun, belediyelerin ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla onlar en merkezi (tercihte bulunanlara g\u00f6re) okulun bir veya birka\u00e7 dersli\u011finde bir araya getirilerek bu dersten faydalanmalar\u0131 sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz:<\/strong> T\u00fcrkiye ya da ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerde, Zazacan\u0131n ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in dernek ve enstit\u00fcleriniz var m\u0131?\u00a0\u00a0Bu dernekler neler yap\u0131yor? Ne t\u00fcr aktiviteleri var bunlar\u0131n?<\/p>\n H\u0131d\u0131r Eren:<\/strong> T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bu anlamda ilk kurulan kurum \u0130stanbul Beyo\u011flu\u2019nda 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda faaliyete ba\u015flayan derne\u011fimizdir. Bunu yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, derne\u011fimizi takiben Bing\u00f6l, Diyarbak\u0131r ve Mersin\u2019de de aktif olarak faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fcten dernekler mevcuttur.<\/p>\n Yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6ncelikle Almanya olmak \u00fczere Avusturya, \u0130sve\u00e7, \u0130svi\u00e7re ve Fransa\u2019da kurulu dernek ve enstit\u00fcler mevcuttur.<\/p>\n Bu kurumlar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc Zazacay\u0131 ya\u015fatmay\u0131 hedeflemi\u015f, bu do\u011frultuda faaliyet y\u00fcr\u00fctmekteler. Bunlardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131 dil, s\u00f6zl\u00fck ve ders kitaplar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz:<\/strong> \u00c7ok \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015fark\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z da var; ben bunu biliyorum. Onlardan ve onlar\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131ndan da bizlere bahsedin, l\u00fctfen!<\/p>\n H\u0131d\u0131r Eren:<\/strong> Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce \u00e7ok \u00fcnl\u00fc \u015fair ve ozanlar\u0131m\u0131z var. Sey Qaji, Hesen\u00ea Sey Qaji, Weliy\u00ea Usen\u00ea \u0130mami bunlardan birka\u00e7\u0131. Sait Baksi, H\u00fcseyin Do\u011fanay ve X\u0131d\u0131r Akg\u00fcl gibileri yeni nesil ozanlar\u0131m\u0131zdand\u0131r. Yine, Metin-Kemal Kahraman karde\u015fler, Hasan Dewran ile Mikail Aslan gibi k\u0131lam s\u00f6yleyenlerimiz ayn\u0131 zamanda birer derlemeciler.<\/p>\n Y\u0131lmaz \u00c7elik, Kerem Sevin\u00e7, Erdo\u011fan Emir, Ahmet Aslan, M\u00fccahit G\u00f6ker, Zele Mele Mehmet Ali, Gule Mayera, Hasan Ali, Aynur Do\u011fan, Beser \u015eahin, Do\u011fan \u00c7elik, Abidin Biter, Ozan\u00a0\u00a0Serdar gibi pek \u00e7ok Zazaca k\u0131lam seslendirenlerimiz mevcuttur.<\/p>\n Seslendirilen \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7ok s\u00f6ylenenlerinden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde sayabiliriz: Asme veciya, xece, agerayi\u015f, intizar, pukeleke, ewro hir\u00ea asmiyo, elqajiye, \u015fire, \u011fezale, v\u0131like, us\u00ean, dada amelkano, kata \u015f\u00eari se b\u0131keri, fad\u0131ke, oy meleme\u2026<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz:<\/strong> Yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f kitaplar\u0131n\u0131z var. \u00d6\u011frencilerinize Zazaca dersler de veriyorsunuz; b\u00f6yle biliyorum. Zazaca alan\u0131nda ba\u015fka yeni projeleriniz var m\u0131?<\/p>\n H\u0131d\u0131r Eren:<\/strong> Evet var. Bunlardan ilki sosyolojik bir alan ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 olan \u201cD\u00eas\u0131m ra J\u00fc Pelge, ZERANIGE\u201d , ard\u0131ndan, daha \u00f6nceden verdi\u011fim ders notlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan \u201cDers\u00ea Zazaki\/Zazaca Dersler\u201d, onun ard\u0131ndan da Hayat Boyu \u00d6\u011frenme Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda mod\u00fcler programa koydu\u011fu Zazaca program\u0131na uygun yaz\u0131lan \u201cZazaca Ders Kitab\u0131\u201d d\u0131r. \u015eu an 2018 mod\u00fcler programa uygun olan bir kitap ile, se\u00e7meli dersler i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f 5,6,7 ve 8. Se\u00e7meli Derslere y\u00f6nelik ders kitab\u0131 materyalleri bitirilmi\u015f olup, grafikere verilme a\u015famas\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz:<\/strong> Ben size te\u015fekk\u00fcr ediyorum. \u015eimdilik ba\u015fka sorum yok. Ancak sizin bahsedece\u011finiz bir konu varsa, l\u00fctfen, ondan da bahsedin! Her zaman y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcz g\u00fcls\u00fcn!<\/p>\n H\u0131d\u0131r Eren:<\/strong> Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fclke bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrler cenneti. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri canland\u0131rmak devletin asli g\u00f6revlerindendir. Arzum, t\u00fcm dillerin, k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin ve fikirlerin \u00f6zg\u00fcrce ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, herkesin anayasal vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu demokratik,\u00a0\u00a0sosyal bir hukuk devletidir.<\/p>\n +<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201cTkvan iris selami gi\u0292\u0306umert ma Munzuri\u015fi \u011faldidip\u0306ici\u015fen …\u201d<\/p>\n (Go\u0292\u0306otkvala: And\u011faneri sumari \u00e7kimi ren Xidir Ereni. Emu ren Zazuri nena\u015fi mamgurapalepe\u015fi art- arti. Gonep tkvanti gi\u00e7kinan, ma eya va ma\u00e7kinen; Xidir Ereni ren Zazuri nena\u015fi beciti emektarepe\u015fi art-arti. Edo emus ku\u011fun gami\u00e7kvineri Zazuri ketabapeti. Zazuri nena\u015fen; Zazuri nena\u015fi nenaluri oca\u011fi, tarixi, ak\u0306ademiuri no\u00e7ali\u015fepe, doloxeni- galeni co\u011frafya mu\u015fi\u015fen; Zazape\u015fi gedgineri derne\u011fepen; emektari Xidir Ereni\u015fi biyografi do no\u00e7ali\u015fepe\u015fen b\u011far\u011falit \u00e7kin. Aya no\u00e7\u0306are ren \u00e7kini no\u011far\u011fale\u015fi t\u0306ekst\u0306i. Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi)<\/p>\n +<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi:<\/strong> \u0292\u0306oxle biyografi tkvani\u015fen b\u011far\u011falat do e\u015fo gevo\u00e7\u0306k\u0306at, iqveni?! So ye\u00e7kindit? Namu n\u0292\u0306opulapes igurit? \u00c7ileri reti? Berepe do motape giqonunani? A\u0292\u0306i so skidurt? Dudi tkvani\u015fen molami\u015finit, mu iqven!<\/p>\n Xidir Ereni:<\/strong> Ma yep\u00e7kindi no\u011fa D\u00easimi- Ovacik\u0306i\u015fi Oput\u0306e Zeraniges, (15) vit\u0306o xut \u00a0K\u0306undura (1957) vit\u0306on \u00e7xoro o\u015fi do jure ne\u00e7i do vit\u0306o \u015fkvit \u0292\u0306anas. \u0292\u0306oxle ma\u00a0 doviguri oput\u0306e \u00e7kimi\u015fi ge\u00e7\u0306k\u0306apuroni n\u0292\u0306opulas. Uk\u0306a\u00e7xeti viguri o\u015fkenoni n\u0292\u0306opula K\u0306ebanis; Mamgurapale\u015fi N\u0292\u0306opulati no\u011fa D\u00easimi\u015fi \u015fkaguris. Ar oput\u0306e\u015fen majurani\u015fa ma mamgurapale vort\u0306i, voguri mamgurepe \u00e7kimis \u00e7kvado\u00e7kva oput\u0306epes, (15) vit\u0306o xut \u0292\u0306ana\u015f morgvalis. \u00a0Uk\u0306a\u00e7xe doviguri no\u011fa \u0130st\u0306anboli\u015fi Universit\u0306et\u0306i\u015fi Sosyoloji\u015fi burmes. Uk\u0306a\u00e7xeti dop\u0306i ma\u011fali lisansi sosyoloji\u015fi speros, Sosyaluri \u00c7kinapape\u015fi Enst\u0306it\u0306ut\u0306is. Ma vixandi gamantana- gurapa\u015fi \u00e7kvado\u00e7kva speropes, (41) jure ne\u00e7i do ar \u0292\u0306ana\u015f morgvalis. \u00c7ileri vore do jur k\u0306ulani bere komiqonun ma. A\u0292\u0306i ma pskidur oput\u0306e \u00e7kimis (6) an\u015fi tuta\u015f morgvalis do an\u015fi tuta\u015f morgvalisti no\u011fa \u0130st\u0306anbolis pskidur ma.<\/p>\n (2009) e\u00e7i o\u015fi do \u00e7xoro \u0292\u0306ana rt\u0306u, emindros ma vixandept\u0306i no\u011fa \u0130st\u0306anboli- Be\u015fik\u0306t\u0306a\u015fis. Manebrape komiqonut\u0306u ma. Emindros p\u0306eriodilo \u00e7kin ok\u0306optit do Zazape\u015fi p\u0306roblepe\u015fen molap\u015finit do b\u011far\u011falit. Aya ok\u0306oxtalape \u015fk\u0306ule, Zazuri nena\u015fi oskidu- oskedinu\u015fi simadaten, ar vak\u0306ufi varna ar nena-k\u0306ult\u0306uri\u015fi derne\u011fi gedgu \u015feni gzas gebdgitit \u00e7kin.<\/p>\n Vak\u0306ufi gedgu\u015fi dulya\u015fi maaliyet\u0306i didi do dido rt\u0306u, amu\u015feni ar derne\u011fi \u015feni govonk\u0306vatit. Edo \u0130lkineri Zazuri Nena do K\u0306ult\u0306uri\u015fi Derne\u011fi p\u0306k\u0306idit \u00e7kin \u00a0(2011) e\u00e7i o\u015fi do vit\u0306o ar \u0292\u0306anas, no\u011fa \u0130st\u0306anboli- Beyo\u011flis. Emindro\u015fen doni, xes xe me\u00e7ameri do \u015furdoguriten vixandept derne\u011fi \u00e7kini\u015fi doloxe. P\u0306rojepe \u00e7kini e\u015fo rt\u0306u: Zazuri K\u0306ursepe\/ X\u00e7ini- badepe \u00e7kinik Zazuri \u011ear\u011falapan, Zazuri gama\u00e7kvape\u015fi Kutupxana, Zaza m\u00e7\u0306arupe\u015fen imza\u015fi d\u011falepe, Zaza esnafi, turcari do dulya\u015fk\u0306o\u00e7epe\u015fa mok\u0306itxape, Mengaperi nena do k\u0306ult\u0306uruli derne\u011fepe\u015fa mok\u0306itxape, Nena\u015fi k\u0306omisyonu\u015fi o\u0292\u0306opxinu, Zazuri dersepe\u015fi mat\u0306eryalepe\u015fi o\u0292\u0306opxu\u015fi k\u0306omisyoni, Mengaperi nena do k\u0306ult\u0306uruli derne\u011fepe k\u0306ala o\u015fkaruli p\u0306rojepe\u015fi o\u0292\u0306opxu (Anat\u0306oli\u015fi Xalk\u0306epek mu ak\u0306vandepan, Mo\u0292\u0306qva\u015fi Fest\u0306ivali steri, Turkiye\u015fi K\u0306ult\u0306uruli Xampoba steri\u2026), Universit\u0306et\u0306epe\u015fi Zazape\u015fen ambaroni semp\u0306ozyumepes ognapalapeten omxvacu, no\u011fa D\u00easimis \u0292\u0306opxineri Munzuri\u015fi Buncina do K\u0306ult\u0306uruli Fest\u0306ivalis ok\u0306atu, Zazuri radio-t\u0306elevizvoni \u015feni ot\u0306oritepes oxve\u0292\u0306upe me\u00e7amu, Zazuri nena\u015fi xaliten nok\u0306u\u0292xinu \u015feni ok\u0306oxtalape o\u0292\u0306opxu Meclisis, Meno\u0292xune Zazuri nenape \u015feni Munzuri\u015fi Universit\u0306et\u0306i k\u0306ala o\u015fkaruli k\u0306omisyon o\u0292\u0306opxu\u015fi no\u00e7ali\u015fepe, Art\u0306uk\u0306lu\u015fi Universit\u0306eti\u015fi meno\u0292xune p\u0306at\u0306i Zazuri dersepe \u015feni Gamantana-gurapa\u015fi naziobas rap\u0306orepe o\u00e7\u0306aru do me\u00e7amu, Ketabi\u015fi speros Zazuri \u0130SBN \u015feni oxandu, derne\u011fe\u015fi gama\u00e7kvale gedgu. And\u011faneri nd\u011fas, \u00e7kin gurdo\u015furiten gzalepe bgorupt Zazuri Mon\u00e7\u0306inora\u015fi N\u0292\u0306opula o\u0292\u0306opxu \u015feni No\u011fa Ovacik\u0306i\u015fi oput\u0306e Zeraniges\u2026<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi:<\/strong> Zazuri nena ren k\u0306o\u00e7inoba\u015fi simbolepe\u015fi art-arti. Zazuri nena\u015fi \u011fura ren k\u0306o\u00e7inoba\u015fi \u011fura. K\u0306o\u00e7inoba\u015fi iri\u015fen mcve\u015fi nok\u0306u\u00e7xenepe \u015finaxeri ren Zazuri nena\u015fi doloxeti; majura nenapesti e\u015fo. Ma e\u015fo mi\u00e7kin. Edo a\u015fo matkven. Aya ren \u00e7kimi k\u0306o\u00e7inoba\u015fi gagnapa.\u00a0 Aya ren \u00e7kimi anank\u0306eni. Zazuri nena skida\u015fi, k\u0306o\u00e7inobati skidasunon. Zazuri nena \u011fura\u015fi, k\u0306o\u00e7inobati, cumalobati \u011furasunon. \u00c7kimi gagnapa a\u015fo ren. Tkvan muepe gatkvenan aya gagnapa \u015feni? Mtini gi\u0292\u0306vat; Turkiye, dido xampa ren Zazuri nenape steri majura nenapeten. Aya ren Turkiye\u015fi k\u0306ult\u0306uruli xampoba. Mara \u00e7kin didopeten \u00e7kar mutu va mi\u00e7kinan amk\u0306ata nenape\u015fen. Tkvan mu isimadep aya xali \u015feni? Mi ren aya xali\u015fi nena-gemktiru? Mu isimadupt tkvan?<\/p>\n Xidir Ereni:<\/strong> Aya varna eya, k\u0306arta nenak skidala, k\u0306o\u00e7i, k\u0306o\u00e7epe\u015fi munasebet\u0306i, buncina, buncina\u015fi \u015furonepe o\u00e7inu- o\u00e7inapu \u015feni k\u0306o\u00e7is numxvacups. K\u0306o\u00e7inoba, k\u0306o\u00e7inoba\u015fi noxvenepe, mu\u015fi no\u00e7kindepe, entepe\u015fen genomskidepe, mu\u015fi cginape, mogapape; mk\u0306ule nenaten; renoba\u015fi kianas o\u0292\u0306k\u0306edu \u015feni ren k\u0306arta nena; k\u0306arta nenas ku\u011fun aya no\u011fira. K\u0306o\u00e7i xvala- xvala vardo, tarixiten koren do emuten skidun. E\u015fo gi\u0292\u0306vat; tarixuri renoba\u015fi spero ren aya. Aya tarixuri renobati nena\u015fi menceliten koren. K\u0306o\u00e7is renoba mu\u015fi aqu nena\u015fi xeten. Emu\u015feniti, K\u0306o\u00e7inobak mu qvas na, qvas, mu\u00e7\u0306o\u015fi dulyape qvas na, qvas, muepe yo\u00e7kindas na, yo\u00e7kindas, mteli cginapa mu\u015fi, ziyanepe mu\u015fi, gecginape mu\u015fi, ugecgineroba mu\u015fi, icadepe mu\u015fi\u2026 \u00e7kin goma\u015finen k\u0306arta ambari, k\u0306o\u00e7i\u015fi mteli noxvenepe nenaten ye\u00e7kindun. \u00a0Nena\u015fi menceliten ar \u0292\u0306oxleni tasi\u015fen uk\u0306a\u00e7xeni tasis ni\u00e7inen \u00e7kinapa. K\u0306o\u00e7ik nena\u015fi menceliten dodgitun do sva oka\u00e7aps\u00a0 \u00e7kinapa\u015fi kianas. K\u0306o\u00e7i\u015fi mteli no\u00e7kinde do noxvenepe mu\u015fi mulun nena\u015fen; emu\u015feniti k\u0306o\u00e7is borci ku\u011fun nena\u015fa. Nena va rt\u0306u k\u0306onna, varti renoba\u015fi tarixi\u015fen varti k\u0306o\u00e7inoba\u015fi tarixi\u015fen mola\u015finu iqvasunt\u0306u.<\/p>\n Emu\u015feniti, Ar nena o\u00e7valu ren k\u0306o\u00e7inoba o\u00e7valu; k\u0306arta nena \u015feni aya xali a\u015fo ren. Mek\u0306arberi k\u0306arta nena ren mek\u0306arberi ar \u201ck\u0306o\u00e7inoba\u201d. Aya dixa xampa ren uk\u0306ore\u0292xu nena do k\u0306ult\u0306urepeten; amk\u0306ata xampa dixapa \u0292ara oxvenu ren oqvilu k\u0306o\u00e7inoba; aya ren didi k\u0306abaeti.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi:<\/strong> A\u0292\u0306iti Zazuri nena\u015fen b\u011far\u011falat, molap\u015finat! Zazuri nena namu nenape\u015fi oca\u011fi\u015fen ren? Zazuri, nena reni varna ar \u00e7kva nena\u015fi dialekt\u0306i reni?\u00a0 Mi\u00e7kin, \u00e7kvado\u00e7kva t\u0306eorepe koren aya speros. Tkvan mu isimadupt aya t\u0306eorepe \u015feni?<\/p>\n Xidir Ereni:<\/strong>\u00a0Zazuri nena ren Hint-Avrop\u0306uri nena\u015fi oca\u011fi\u015fi \u0130ranuri nenape\u015fi grubi\u015fen. \u0130ranuri nenape\u015fen Zazuri nenas ku\u011fun me\u00e7kineri sva do hususiyet\u0306i. (Dudi mu\u015fi ren ar nena.) Edo O. Manik (1906 \u0292\u0306anas), K\u0306. Hadank\u0306ik (1932 \u0292\u0306anas), P\u0306. Det\u0306esk\u0306ok (1921 \u0292\u0306anas), G. Morgenst\u0306erinik (1958 \u0292\u0306anas), I. M. Oransk\u0306icik (1963 \u0292\u0306anas), G. L. Vindfyuxrik (1989 \u0292\u0306anas), V. S. Rast\u0306rguevak (1990 \u0292\u0306anas), J. Gip\u0306erik (1996 \u0292\u0306anas) do majura lingsvist\u0306epek do\u00e7\u0306ares uk\u0306ore\u0292xu mak\u0306elepe. Zazuri majura nenape\u015fi dialekt\u0306i vardo, dudi mu\u015fi ren ar nena yado ognapes lingsvist\u0306epek. \u0130ranuri nenape e\u015fo itasnifinenan: \u00a0\u0292\u0306oxle, Yulva do Geulva, uk\u0306a\u00e7xeti, Olande do Omjore. Zazuri nena i\u015finen Olande-Geulva \u0130ranuri nenape\u015fi doloxe. Farsuli nenati ren \u0130ranuri nenape\u015fi \u015fkas. Zazuri nena O\u015fke Farsuli (Pehlevuri) do K\u0306lasik\u0306uri Farsuli\u015fa vardo, Avest\u0306uri do P\u0306art\u0306uli nena\u015fa xolosoni ren.<\/p>\n Zazuri nena\u015fi ma\u011far\u011falepes va oxva\u0292\u0306onenan Kyurduli nena\u015fi ma\u011far\u011falepe\u015fi nena;\u00a0 Kyurduli nena\u015fi ma\u011far\u011falepes va oxva\u0292\u0306onenan Zazuri nena\u015fi ma\u011far\u011falepe\u015fi nena. Artikartis va oxoma\u0292\u0306onenan \u00e7kin. Mara Turkuli nena o\u011far\u011faluten artikartis oxoma\u0292\u0306onenan \u00e7kin, Zaza do Kyurdepe. \u00a0Aya no\u0292\u0306irenikti k\u0306aixe\u015fa mo\u0292\u0306irapan: Zazuri nena va ren Kyurduli nena\u015fi varna ar \u00e7kva nena\u015fi dialekt\u0306i; aya no\u0292\u0306ireniti domiba\u011funan. Dialekt\u0306i\u015f teorepe lingvist\u0306uri vardo, p\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306uri ren. Edo amk\u0306ata teorepe ilmiuri va renan; aya k\u0306aixe\u015fa mi\u00e7kit\u0306an. Amk\u0306ata notkvamepe p\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306uri renan do mutu var.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi:<\/strong> \u00c7kin, aya nena Zazuri nena coxoten mi\u00e7kinan. \u00c7kva coxotenti i\u00e7kineni Zazuri nena? Antepe\u015fenti molami\u015finit, mu iqven!<\/p>\n Xidir Ereni:<\/strong>\u00a0Alamanepek dudi mutepe\u015fi svalepe mutepe\u015fiten o\u00e7inapapan majurapes: P\u0306rusiuli, Saksonuri, Bayuli, Geulva zo\u011fap\u0306icuri steri. Zazapekti e\u015fo ikipan do dudi mutepe\u015fi e\u015fo o\u00e7inapapan majurapes: Zaza, K\u0306\u0131rman\u00e7\u0306i, Dimili, K\u0306irdi, Gini\u00e7\u0306i, Elevi, \u015ear\u00ea Ma steri. Antepek dudi mutepe\u015fi Zaza o\u00e7inapapan galenepes. Hemi emu\u015feni hemiti opape\u015fxoloxeni t\u0306erminolojiten, am xalk\u0306is Zaza, nenape mutepe\u015fisti Zazuri itkven.<\/p>\n Kyurdepek Zazuri nena\u015fi ma\u011far\u011falepes Zaza varna Dimili u\u0292\u0306umernan. Sarizi, Zara, Divri\u011fi coxoni no\u011fapes do no\u011fa Malatyas, Kyurdepek Zazuri nenas \u201cGini\u201d u\u0292\u0306umernan. Coxo Gini; Beypazari do Ula\u015fis skideri ar Zazuri a\u015firet\u0306i\u015fi coxo\u015fen mulun. Zazuri nena\u015fi ma\u011far\u011fale Dersimi\u015fi Alevepek dudi mutepe\u015fis K\u0306\u0131rman\u00e7\u0306i, Sunepes Tirk, Kyurdepesti Xurr, entepe\u015fi nenasti K\u0306irda\u015fk\u0306i u\u0292\u0306umernan. Edo dudi mutepe\u015fi entepe k\u0306ala ar \u017eiropan. No\u011fa T\u0306ek\u0306mani do no\u011fa Xinisi\u015fi Zazuri ma\u011far\u011fale Alevepekti dudi mutepe\u015fis Elewi, Sunepesti Kyurdi u\u0292\u0306umernan. Entepekti dudi mutepe\u015fi Kyurdepe\u015fen va \u015finapan.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi:<\/strong> Mi\u00e7kin; Zazuri nena i\u011far\u011falen Turkiye\u015fi k\u0306arta sotis. Tarixuro; Zazuri nena didopeten Turkiye\u015fi namu no\u011fapes i\u011far\u011falen? Turkiye\u015fi gale, \u00e7kva dobadonapesti i\u011far\u011faleni Zazuri nena?<\/p>\n Xidir Ereni:<\/strong>\u00a0Zazuri nena i\u011far\u011falinen didopeten jileni Firati\u015fi gomorgvas. Olande Geulvas no\u011fa Zara, Geulvas no\u011fa \u00c7emi\u015fgezegi, Omjores no\u011fa Siverek\u0306i, Omjore Yulvas no\u011fa Mut\u0306k\u0306i do no\u011fa T\u0306at\u0306vani, Yulvas no\u011fa Vart\u0306o do Xinisi, Olandes no\u011fa T\u0306ercani do no\u011fa \u00c7ayirli ren Zazuri nena\u015fi gomorgva; e\u015fo matkvenenan \u00e7kin. Aya gomorgva\u015f gale, no\u011fa Aksarayi\u015fi (17) vit\u0306o \u015fkvit oputes, No\u011fa Art\u0306aani- Gyole\u015fi ar-jur oput\u0306es, no\u011fa K\u0306arsi- Selimi\u015fi namtini oput\u0306epes do no\u011fa K\u0306ayseri-Sarizis i\u011far\u011falinen Zazuri nena. Turkiye\u015f gale, K\u0306azakistani do Gurcistanisti i\u011far\u011falinen Zazuri nena. K\u0306azakistani\u015fi no\u011fa Cumbulis (10.000) vit vit\u0306o\u015fi Zaza skidun yadoti moli\u015finen. Emindroneri Sovyetistani\u015fi am Zazape i\u00e7vines K\u0306azakistani\u015fa no\u011fa Batumi\u015fen St\u0306alini\u015fi xe\u0292alas; ayati ren mtini ambari. Zazuri nena i\u011far\u011falinen (3- 4) sum- otxo milioni k\u0306o\u00e7i\u015fi \u015fkas dobadona \u00e7kinis. E\u015fo ptkvat na, a\u015fo ptkvatna (1) ar milioni Zazati skidun menya\u015f gale. A\u015foten (5) xut milioni Zaza skidun mtel kianas yado matkvenan.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi:<\/strong> A\u0292\u0306iti Zazuri nena\u015fi alboni\u015fen molami\u015finit, mu iqven! Zazuri nenas muk\u0306o bonca u\u011fun? Muk\u0306o xonaroni do muk\u0306o uxonare bonca do diftongi u\u011fun Zazuri nenas?<\/p>\n Xidir Ereni:<\/strong> Zazuri nenas ku\u011fun (7) \u015fkvit xonaroni bonca ( \u201ca, e, \u0131, i, o, u, \u00fb\u201d), \u00a0(24) e\u00e7i do otxo uxonare bonca ( \u201cb, c, \u00e7, d, f, g, \u011f, h, j, k, l, m, n, q, p, r, s, \u015f, t, v, w, x, y, z\u201d) do (4) otxo diftongi (\u201cph, th, \u00e7h, kh\u201d).<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi:<\/strong> \u00c7kin k\u0306aixe\u015fa mi\u00e7kinan, k\u0306arta nenas ku\u011fun e\u0292xeri zit\u0306ape majura nenape\u015fen. Zazuri nenasti e\u0292xeri zit\u0306ape u\u011funi majura nenape\u015fen. Didopeten namu nenape\u015fen e\u0292xeri zit\u0306ape u\u011fun Zazuri nenas? Edo aya e\u0292xeri zit\u0306ape didopeten namu sperope\u015fen ren? Majura nenapesti Zazuri nena\u015fen e\u0292xeri zit\u0306ape u\u011funi?<\/p>\n Xidir Ereni:<\/strong> Zazuri nena ren \u0130ranuri nenape\u015fi grubi\u015fen, emu\u015feniti eya nenape\u015fen uk\u0306ore\u0292xu o\u015fkaruli zit\u0306ape ku\u011fun. Zazuri nenas ku\u011fun dido \u00e7\u0306it\u0306a Ermenuri, Urumuri do Arabuliti zit\u0306apeti.<\/p>\n Kyurduli, Turkuli do Ermenuri nenapesti ku\u011funan Zazuri zit\u0306ape; aya i\u00e7kinen.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi:<\/strong> Tkvanti ginonan na, a\u0292\u0306iti Zazuri nena\u015fi ak\u0306ademiuri spero\u015fa komoptat! \u0130pti mundes do so gami\u00e7kvinu Zazuri nena\u015fi alboni? Mi rt\u0306u varna miepe rt\u0306es aya no\u00e7ali\u015fepe\u015fi go\u0292\u0306onc\u011fonerepe? Namu nana alboni\u015fen ye\u00e7kindu iptineri Zazuri alboni; Arabuli alboni\u015feni, Latinuri alboni\u015feni?!<\/p>\n Xidir Ereni:<\/strong> Rabisk\u0306o\u00a0Zazuri nena ipti i\u00e7\u0306arinu P\u0306et\u0306er Ler\u00e7i (Rusya\u015fi \u0130limepe\u015fi Ak\u0306ademi) \u015fk\u0306elen (1856) vito ovro o\u015fi do jure ne\u00e7i do vit\u0306o an\u015fi \u0292\u0306anas. \u00a0Aya rabisk\u0306epe gami\u00e7kvinu Alamanuri do Rusuli nenapeten (1956- 58) vit\u0306on \u00e7xoro o\u015fi do jure ne\u00e7i do vit\u0306o an\u015fi-\u00a0 jure ne\u00e7i do vit\u0306o ovro \u0292\u0306anapes. F. Miulerik ligvist\u0306uro ixandu aya rabisk\u0306apeten (1964) vit\u0306on \u00e7xoro o\u015fi do sume ne\u00e7i do otxo \u0292\u0306anas.\u00a0 Aya no\u00e7ali\u015fepeten, Zazuri ren dido mcve\u015fi nenape\u015fi art-arti yado oxoi\u0292\u0306onu. \u00a0O. Manik do emu\u015fk\u0306uleni K\u0306. Hadank\u0306ikti m\u00e7\u0306ipa\u015fa\u015fi ixandu Zazuri nena\u015fi speros. Aya no\u00e7ali\u015fepe gami\u00e7kvines \u201cZazuri Dialekt\u0306i\u201d coxoten (1932) vit\u0306on \u00e7xoro o\u015fi do e\u00e7i do vit\u0306o jur \u0292\u0306anas. Majura no\u00e7ali\u015fepeti e\u015fo renan: Xolo, V. Minorsk\u0306i (Daylamit\u0306epe\u015fi \u0292\u0306oxle-mxtimoba, nanano\u011fa P\u0306arisi, 1931 \u0292\u0306ana, B.: 17; Daylami, \u0130slami\u015fi Ansik\u0306lopedi), Albert von Lo K\u0306oqi (1901 \u0292\u0306ana), T\u0306eri Liin T\u0306odi (1985 \u0292\u0306ana), Ludvig P\u0306oli (1998 \u0292\u0306ana,\u00a0Zazuri – Grameri do Ar Dialekt\u0306oloji\u015fi O\u011foda<\/em>), \u015ekaguri do Omjore P\u0306ici; Zilfi Selcani (1998 \u0292\u0306ana,\u00a0 Zazuri Nena\u015fi Grameri, Olande Dialekt\u0306i \u2013Dersimi\u015fi Dialekt\u0306i), \u0130lyas Arslani (2007 \u0292\u0306ana,\u00a0No\u0292\u0306ilinape<\/em>, 2016 \u0292\u0306ana, \u00a0Fiili\u015fi fonksiyoni do ergat\u0306iuroba<\/em>), Mesut K\u0306esk\u0306ini (2009 \u0292\u0306ana,\u00a0Zazuri Nena\u015fi Dialekt\u0306uri mo\u0292\u0306opxa\u015fi jin<\/em>).<\/p>\n Zazuri t\u0306ekst\u0306epe ipti Arabuli boncapeten, uk\u0306a\u00e7xeti Latinuri boncapeten i\u00e7\u0306arines.<\/p>\n And\u011faneri nd\u011fas, Zazuri nena ku\u011fun sum alboni: Munzuri\u015fi Universit\u0306et\u0306i\u015fen Selcani\u015fi Alboni, Vate coxoni no\u00e7ali\u015fe\u015fi grubi\u015fen Bedirxani\u015fi Alboni, Bingyoli\u015fi Universit\u0306et\u0306i- menya\u015f galeni namtini Zazuri gamantanerepe, m\u00e7\u0306arupe do Zaza-Der-i\u015fi noxmare \u00a0Jak\u0306obsoni\u015fi Alboni.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi:<\/strong> Turkiyes do Turkiye\u015fi gale; iptineri Zazuri alboni, zit\u0306apuna do ketabepe mundes do so gami\u00e7kvinu? Aya noxvenepe\u015fi go\u0292\u0306onc\u011fonerpe miepe rt\u0306es?<\/p>\n Xidir Ereni:<\/strong> Zazapes ku\u011funan dido mcve\u015fi n\u00e7\u0306araloba, mara \u00e7\u0306areli va rt\u0306u. \u00a0E\u015fo ptkvat na, a\u015fo ptkvat na, \u00e7\u0306areli Zazuri n\u00e7\u0306aroba ye\u00e7kindu \u00e7odina jur o\u015f\u0292\u0306anura\u015fi doloxe; Arabuli alboniten i\u00e7\u0306arinu. \u00c7kineri iptineri t\u0306ekst\u0306epe ren (1798 \u2013 1833) vit\u0306on \u015fkvit o\u015fi do otxo ne\u00e7i do vit\u0306o ovro- vit\u0306on ovro o\u015fi do e\u00e7i do vit\u0306o sum \u0292\u0306anape\u015f tari\u011foni. Antepe renan Alevoba\u015fi ambarepe\u015fen xe\u015fno\u00e7\u0306arepe. Aya xe\u015fno\u00e7\u0306arepe i\u017eirineret\u0306es no\u011fa Diyarbak\u0306iris.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u0130ptineri gami\u00e7kvineri Zazuri noxvene ren Liceluri Zaza Ahmede Xasi\u015fi. Kyurdi\u015fi dini\u015fk\u0306o\u00e7epek Zazapes k\u0306ult\u0306uruli menceli va u\u011funan ya tkverenan \u015fak\u0306aten. Liceluri Zaza Ahmede Xasikti entepes nena geuktiren Zazuri Mevlidi o\u00e7\u0306aruten (1899) vit\u0306on ovro o\u015fi do otxo ne\u00e7i do vit\u0306o \u00e7xoro \u0292\u0306anas.\u00a0\u00a0 Aya ren gami\u00e7kvineri iptineri Zazuri buk\u0306let\u0306i. Majurani gami\u00e7kvineri Zazuri noxvene ren no\u011fa Siverek\u0306i\u015fi mufti Osman Efendiyo Babici\u015fi mevlidi. Aya buk\u0306let\u0306i i\u00e7\u0306arinu (1906) vit\u0306on \u00e7xoro o\u015fi do an\u015fi \u0292\u0306anas do gami\u00e7kvinu (1933) vit\u0306on \u00e7xoro o\u015fi do e\u00e7i do vit\u0306o sum \u0292\u0306anas, no\u011fa \u015eamis\/ Damosk\u0306os.<\/p>\n Zazuri nena rt\u0306u uxonare (60) sume ne\u00e7i\u00a0 \u0292\u0306ana\u015f morgvalis. \u00a0sume ne\u00e7i \u0292\u0306ana\u015fi uxonaroba \u015fk\u0306ule, Latinuri Alboniten Zazuri burmeloni jurnali \u201cRoja Newe \/ A\u011fani D\u011fa\u201d gami\u00e7kvinu (1964) vit\u0306on \u00e7xoro o\u015fi do sume ne\u00e7i do otxo \u0292\u0306anas. Uk\u0306a\u00e7xe (1980) vit\u0306on \u00e7xoro o\u015fi do otxo ne\u00e7i \u0292\u0306ana\u015fakis,\u00a0 namtini mak\u0306vazale jurnalepek gamo\u00e7kes Zazuri t\u0306ekst\u0306epe; amk\u0306ata no\u0292\u0306irenepe i\u017eirines Zazuri n\u00e7\u0306araloba\u015fi speros.\u00a0 Zazuri n\u00e7\u0306aroba\u015fi a\u011fneburo ye\u00e7kindu Zaza mailticepe\u015fi menceliten Avrop\u0306as. Aya rt\u0306u entepe\u015fi ge\u0292\u0306unk\u0306ap\u0306ala. Aya rt\u0306u (1980) vit\u0306on \u00e7xoro o\u015fi do otxo ne\u00e7i \u0292\u0306ana \u015fk\u0306ule.\u00a0 Aya ren \u201cZazuri Nena\u015fi Ronesansi\u201d yado moli\u015finen. \u00a0Zaza gamantanerepek gamo\u00e7kes Piya, Ayre, Desmale Sure, Ware, Tija Sodiri coxoni jurnalepe aya p\u0306eriodis. Zazuri p\u0306aramitepe\u015fi k\u0306orobape, p\u0306a\u015furape, do romanepeti gami\u00e7kvinen. Zit\u0306apuna \u015feni no\u00e7ali\u015fepe ixvenes.<\/p>\n Edo xolo; Zazuri nena\u015fi jin \u00e7kvado\u00e7kva dokt\u0306orant\u0306urape ixvenes Avrup\u0306a\u015fi (didopetenti Alamania\u015fi) universit\u0306et\u0306epes. Edo amk\u0306ata no\u00e7ali\u015fepe gami\u00e7kvines.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi<\/strong>: Zazuri nena\u015fi u\u00e7\u0306aru n\u00e7\u0306araloba ren dido xampa o\u015f\u0292\u0306anurape\u015fen doni; e\u015fo mi\u00e7kin. Mara k\u0306aixe\u015fa mi\u00e7kinan, aya ren globalizasyoni\u015fi ora. Edo u\u00e7\u0306aru nenapes oskidu\u015fi menceli va u\u011funan globalizasyoni\u015fi oras. Radio- t\u0306elevizioni\u015fi \u00e7\u0306andina, gazeta\u015fi \u00e7\u0306andina, gamantana-gurapa va u\u011fut\u0306a\u015fi, oskidu\u015fi menceli va u\u011funan amk\u0306ata nenapes. TRT\u0306-s Zazuri nenaten \u00e7\u0306andina u\u011funi? Turkiye\u015f gale, Zazuri nenaten radio- t\u0306elevizyoni\u015fi \u00e7\u0306andina reni? Arm\u0292ikati amk\u0306ata p\u0306roblemepe\u015fen molami\u015finit, mu iqven!<\/p>\n Xidir Ereni:<\/strong> Dido mtini zop\u0306ont tkvan; \u0292\u0306ori ret tkvan. Ar nena, \u00a0iptinero gamantana- gurapa\u015fi nena va ren na, \u00a0(eya nena\u015fi ma\u011far\u011falepes eya nenaten ok\u0306itxu- o\u00e7\u0306aru va u\u00e7kinan na,) eya nena ren o\u011furu\u015fi gzas. \u0130ri\u015fen \u0292\u0306oxle emk\u0306ata dulyape\u015fi o\u0292\u0306opxinu doma\u00e7\u0306irnan \u00e7kin: Amk\u0306ata k\u0306arta nenaten gamantana-gurapa ren dva\u00e7\u0306ironi, \u00e7kar va rt\u0306as na, dudi mutepe\u015fi sotepes. (2012) e\u00e7i o\u015fi do vit\u0306o jur \u0292\u0306ana rt\u0306u, \u00a0(MEB-\u015fi) gamantana- gurapa\u015fi naziroba\u015fi gonk\u0306vataten, Zazuri nenati iqu meno\u0292xune dersi oxen\u0292ale\u015fi n\u0292\u0306opulapes. Zazuri nena iqu jur saat\u0306oni dersi ar dolonis. Zazuri nenati iqu gamantana- gurapa\u015fi nenape\u015fi art-arti. Mara galeni nenape\u015fi k\u0306at\u0306egori\u015fi doloxe i\u015finu Zazuri nena. Aya xaliten Zazuri nena va ren mtelo gamantana- gurapa\u015fi nena; a\u015fo matkvenan \u00e7kin. Mamgure\u015fi ok\u0306vanduten, beres ni\u00e7inen aya nena n\u0292\u0306opulas. Ayati ren k\u0306ursu\u015fi p\u0306rogrami\u015fi doloxe. Ar nena, gamantana- gurapa\u015fi nenati ren na, mecburi oqopimu\u015fi ren; ma a\u015fo mi\u00e7kin. Coxo mu\u015fi\u015fenti mskva\u015fa oxoi\u0292\u0306onen: Meno\u0292xune!<\/p>\n Radio- T\u0306V-\u015fi \u00e7\u0306andinape\u015fi spero\u015fenti molap\u015fina: TRT\u0306 -Kyurdi\u015fi \u00e7\u0306andinape\u015fi doloxe gverdi saat\u0306oni Zazuri \u00e7\u0306andina koren. \u00a0Kyurduli\u015fi hibrit\u0306iten ar p\u0306rogrami ni\u00e7inen. Aya p\u0306rogramik Zazuri nena\u015fi asimilasyoni \u015feni ixandeps Kyurduli\u015fi doloxe; amk\u0306ata no\u011fira ku\u011fun eya p\u0306rogramis. T.C.-kti ar \u00e7kva bela va gorups do emu\u015feniti amk\u0306ata asimilasyonis numxvacups; e\u015fo doma\u0292\u0306onen mati.<\/p>\n \u00c7kin dido faraten, Dudnaziroba do R T\u0306UK-is oxve\u0292\u0306upe komep\u00e7it do \u00a0Zazuri nenaten (24) e\u00e7i do otxo saat\u0306oni \u00e7\u0306andina vak\u0306vandit entepes. \u201cDoxmeli k\u0306anali gon\u0292\u0306k\u0306u \u015feni tkvan \u00e7kar endoli va gi\u011funan\u201d yado nena gemiktires entepek(!)<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi:<\/strong> Zazuri nenati meno\u0292xune dersepe\u015fen arteri ren devleti\u015fi n\u0292\u0306opulapes. Aya meno\u0292xune dersepe doba\u011fine renani Zazuri nena\u015fi oskedinu \u015feni? Tkvan mu isimadept aya xali \u015feni? Turkiye\u015fi gale, Zazuri nena\u015fi dersi reni ar \u00e7kva dobadonas?<\/p>\n Xidir Ereni:<\/strong> Jileti molap\u015fini ma. Ar dolonis jur saat\u0306oni Zazuri \u201cmeno\u0292xune\u201d dersi ak\u0306vandit yado aya nena\u015fi ma\u011far\u011falepes otkvalu va ren \u00e7kar realist\u0306uri dulya; ma e\u015fo doma\u0292\u0306onen.<\/p>\n Zaza gamantaneri do magamantane Hak\u0306k\u0306\u0131 \u00c7imeni\u015fi \u015furdoguriten no\u00e7ali\u015feten, Zazuri nena iqu meno\u0292xune dersi menya\u015f gale, Alamania\u015fi ar eyalet\u0306is; \u00a0Turkiyes steri. Mara ar \u00e7kvanerobaten; \u0130l\u00e7e M.E. Direkt\u0306oba koren ak do \u201cN\u0292\u0306opulape\u015fi Direkt\u0306oroba\u201d koren ek. Edo akoni- ekonepes ku\u011funan \u00e7kvado\u00e7kva gagnapape. Ekoni ar \u201cN\u0292\u0306opula\u015fi Direkt\u0306oroba\u015fi\u201d on\u017e\u011fonis skideri (15) vit\u0306o xut mamgurek ak\u0306vanda\u015fi, \u00a0namu n\u0292\u0306opula\u015fen varna sinifi\u015fen iqvas na, iqvas, entepe\u015fi vasitapeten entepe\u015fa iri\u015fen xolosoni \u015fkaguroni n\u0292\u0306opula\u015fi ar varna ar-jur sinifis\u00a0 \u00a0(mamgurepe\u015fi tercixiten) entepe ok\u0306om\u00e7\u0306k\u0306e\u015futen \u00a0mamgurepes nu\u015fvelnan belediyepek.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi:<\/strong> Turkiyes varna majura dobadonapes, Zazuri nena\u015fi oskedinu \u015feni gedgineri derne\u011fepe, inst\u0306it\u0306ut\u0306epe gi\u011funani? Aya derne\u011fepek muepe ikipan? Muperi ak\u0306t\u0306ivit\u0306epe u\u011funan entepes?<\/p>\n Xidir Ereni:<\/strong> Aya gagnapaten, Turkiyes gedgineri iptineri ren \u00e7kini derne\u011fi. No\u011fa \u0130st\u0306anbol-Beyo\u011flis, (2011) e\u00e7i o\u015fi do vit\u0306o ar \u0292\u0306anas gedgineri ren derne\u011fi \u00e7kini. \u00a0Edo xolo,\u00a0 \u00e7kini derne\u011fi \u015fk\u0306ule, akt\u0306iuri faaliyet\u0306oni derne\u011fepeti korenan na\u011fa Bingyolis, no\u011fa Diyarbak\u0306iris do no\u011fa Mersinis..<\/p>\n Menya\u015f gale; didopeten Alamania, Avust\u0306uria, \u0130sve\u00e7i, \u0130svi\u00e7re do Fransasti \u00a0gedgineri derne\u011fi do enst\u0306it\u0306ut\u0306epe komi\u011funan \u00e7kin.<\/p>\n Aya derne\u011fi do enst\u0306it\u0306ut\u0306epes Zazuri nena\u015fi oskidu- oskedinu\u015fi anank\u0306eni ku\u011funan. Edo aya anank\u0306eniten faaliyet\u0306epe ku\u011funan entepes. Antepe\u015fen namtinepek nena, zit\u0306apuna do dersi\u015fi ketabepe o\u0292\u0306opxu \u015feni \u015furdoguriten i\u00e7ali\u015fapan.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi<\/strong>: Dido \u00e7inoberi gemabirepeti kogiqonunan; aya komi\u00e7kin ma. Entepe do entepe\u015fi \u00e7inoberi birapape\u015fenti molami\u015finit, mu iqven!<\/p>\n Xidir Ereni:<\/strong> \u0130ri\u015fen \u0292\u0306oxle, dido \u00e7inoberi \u015fairepe komiqunan. Sey Qaji, Hesen\u00ea Sey Qaji, Weliy\u00ea Usen\u00ea \u0130mami ren entepe\u015fen ar-juri.<\/p>\n Sait Baksi, H\u00fcseyin Do\u011fanay do Xidir Akguli stei k\u0306o\u00e7epe renan a\u011fanmordale \u015fairepe \u00e7kini.<\/p>\n Xolo, Metin- Kemal Kahraman Cumalepe, Hasan Dewran do Mikail Aslani steri k\u0306o\u00e7epekti kilami ibiran do nok\u0306orobepeti ku\u011funan entepes artneri oras.<\/p>\n Y\u0131lmaz \u00c7elik, Kerem Sevin\u00e7, Erdo\u011fan Emir, Ahmet Aslan, Mucahit Goker, Zele Mele Mehmet Ali, Gule Mayera, Hasan Ali, Aynur Do\u011fan, Beser \u015eahin, Do\u011fan \u00c7elik, Abidin Biter, Ozan Serdari steri uk\u0306ore\u0292xu gemabirepekti Zazuri kilam ibiran; amk\u0306ata k\u0306o\u00e7epeti k\u0306omiqunan \u00e7kin.<\/p>\n Birapape \u00e7kini\u015fen namtinepeti e\u015fo ren: Asme veciya, xece, agerayi\u015f, intizar, pukeleke, ewro hir\u00ea asmiyo, elqajiye, \u015fire, \u011fezale, vilike, us\u00ean, dada amelkano, kata \u015f\u00eari se bikeri, fadike, oy meleme\u2026<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi:<\/strong> Tkvan Gami\u00e7kvineri ketabepeti kogi\u011funan. Zazuri nenati ogurapt mamgurepe tkvanis; aya komi\u00e7kin ma. A\u011fani \u00e7kva mu p\u0306rojepe gi\u011funan Zazuri nena\u015fi speros?<\/p>\n Xidir Ereni<\/strong>: Ho, komi\u011fun ma. Antepe\u015fen ilkineri ren \u201cD\u00eas\u0131m ra Ju Pelge, ZERANIGE\u201d . Aya ren spero\u015fi no\u00e7ali\u015fe. Uk\u0306ax\u00e7e, \u00e7kimi \u015fk\u0306elen me\u00e7ameri dersepe\u015fi not\u0306epe\u015fen nok\u0306orobe \u201cDers\u00ea Zazaki\/ Zazuri Dersepe\u201d coxoni gami\u00e7kvineri ar \u00e7kva ketabi komi\u011fun ma. Emu\u015fk\u0306uleti, Skidala\u015f morgvalis Oguru\u015fi Generaluri \u00a0Direkt\u0306oroba\u015fi (2016) e\u00e7i o\u015fi do vit\u0306o an\u015fi tari\u011foni moduluri p\u0306rogrami\u015fa moxva Zazuri p\u0306rogramiten \u00e7\u0306areli \u201cZazuri Dersi\u015fi Ketabi\u201d coxoni no\u00e7ali\u015feti komi\u011fun ma. A\u0292\u0306i (2018) e\u00e7i o\u015fi do vit\u0306o ovro \u0292\u0306ana\u015fi moduluri p\u0306rogrami\u015fa moxva ar ketabi do meno\u0292xune dersepe \u015feni \u0292\u0306opxineri \u00a05, 6, 7 do 8. sinifepe\u015fi Meno\u0292xune Dersepe \u015feni dersi\u015fi kitabi\u015fi mat\u0306eryalepe k\u0306orobineri renan do \u00a0grafik\u0306eris me\u00e7amu\u015fi oras renan.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi:<\/strong> Ma \u015fukuri gi\u0292\u0306umert. A\u0292\u0306i \u00e7kva k\u0306itxala va mi\u011fun. Mara tkvan mola\u015finu\u015fi \u00e7kva mutu gi\u011funan na, eti molami\u015finit, mu iqven! \u0130rote ixelit!<\/p>\n Xidir Ereni:<\/strong> Dobadona \u00e7kini ren k\u0306ult\u0306urepe\u015fi cenneti. Aya k\u0306ult\u0306urepe\u015fi osa\u011fapu ren oxen\u0292ale\u015fi iptineri anank\u0306enepe\u015fen; e\u015fo mi\u00e7kin ma. Mteli nena, k\u0306ult\u0306uri do simadepe dudmo\u015fletinero skidan; \u00a0k\u0306arta k\u0306o\u00e7i skidas dudk\u0306anonuri dobadonam\u015finobaten demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli, sosyaluri do xuk\u0306uk\u0306i\u015fi oxen\u0292ale\u015fi doloxe; ma aya gurdo\u015furiten mep\u015fven.<\/p>\n +<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201c\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1<\/strong> \u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d2\u10d8\u10ec\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7<\/strong> \u10db\u10d0<\/strong> \u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8<\/strong> \u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10de\u10d8\u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc<\/strong> …\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n (\u10d2\u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0: \u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8. \u10d4\u10db\u10e3 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d7- \u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8. \u10d2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc, \u10db\u10d0 \u10d4\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc; \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d4\u10ef\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10e5\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8. \u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8. \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc; \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8, \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8, \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4, \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8- \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ef\u10dd\u10e6\u10e0\u10d0\u0444\u10f2\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc; \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e6\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10dc; \u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10e5\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d8\u10f2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u0444\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dc\u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d1\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc. \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10dc\u10dd\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8. \u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8)<\/p>\n +<\/p>\n \u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10ec\u10dd\u10ee\u10da\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d8\u10f2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u0444\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d1\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10d2\u10d4\u10d5\u10dd\u10ed\u10d9\u10d0\u10d7, \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8?! \u10e1\u10dd \u10f2\u10d4\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7? \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3 \u10dc\u10ec\u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7? \u10e9\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8? \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8? \u10d0\u10ec\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd \u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10d7? \u10d3\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7, \u10db\u10e3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc!<\/p>\n \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0<\/strong> \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10db\u10d0 \u10f2\u10d4\u10e4\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d8- \u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10ef\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4 \u10d6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10e1, (15) \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd \u10ee\u10e3\u10d7\u00a0 \u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 (1957) \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc \u10e9\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d4\u10e9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd \u10e8\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1. \u10ec\u10dd\u10ee\u10da\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u00a0 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10ed\u10d9\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dc\u10ec\u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e9\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e8\u10e5\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dc\u10ec\u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1; \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10ec\u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10e5\u10d0\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e0 \u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10d4 \u10d5\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8, \u10d5\u10dd\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1, (15) \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd \u10ee\u10e3\u10d7 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1.\u00a0 \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e9\u10ee\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e1\u10f2\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10df\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10e1. \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e9\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10de\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10e1\u10f2\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10df\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1, \u10e1\u10dd\u10e1\u10f2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10e2\u10e3\u10e2\u10d8\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0- \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1, (41) \u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d4\u10e9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1. \u10e9\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd \u10df\u10e3\u10e0 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10dc \u10db\u10d0. \u10d0\u10ec\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0 \u10e4\u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0 \u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 (6) \u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e3\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e4\u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10e0 \u10db\u10d0.<\/p>\n (2009) \u10d4\u10e9\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e9\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3, \u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10d8- \u10d1\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8\u10d9\u10e2\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e2\u10e3 \u10db\u10d0. \u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10da\u10dd \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc \u10dd\u10d9\u10dd\u10e4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d1\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10dd\u10d9\u10dd\u10ee\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d4, \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3- \u10dd\u10e1\u10e5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u0444\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0-\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e6\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d1\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc.<\/p>\n \u10d5\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u0444\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3, \u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e6\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10dd\u10d5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10d8\u10da\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e6\u10d8 \u10de\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u00a0 (2011) \u10d4\u10e9\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1, \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10d8- \u10d1\u10d4\u10f2\u10dd\u10e6\u10da\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, \u10ee\u10d4\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10d5\u10d8\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d7 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e6\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4. \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10df\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3: \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\/ \u10ee\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8- \u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e5 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10e3\u10d7\u10e3\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0, \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0 \u10db\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d8\u10db\u10d6\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4, \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e1\u10dc\u10d0\u0444\u10d8, \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0\u10e8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4, \u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e6\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4, \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10f2\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10e4\u10ee\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3, \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10f2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10e4\u10ee\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10f2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, \u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e6\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10df\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10e4\u10ee\u10e3 (\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10db\u10e3 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc, \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u0424\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10db\u10e4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u2026), \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d4\u10db\u10de\u10dd\u10d6\u10f2\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10dd\u10d2\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10dd\u10db\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10ef\u10e3, \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ec\u10dd\u10e4\u10ee\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u0424\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3, \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10dd-\u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10d5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10dd\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10ec\u10e3\u10e4\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e9\u10d0\u10db\u10e3, \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10dc\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dd\u10d9\u10dd\u10ee\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10e4\u10ee\u10e3 \u10db\u10d4\u10ef\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1, \u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10f2\u10dd\u10dc \u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10e4\u10ee\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4, \u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10d9\u10da\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10ea\u10ee\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4 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\u10d1\u10d2\u10dd\u10e0\u10e3\u10e4\u10d7 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10ed\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10ec\u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d0 \u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10e4\u10ee\u10e3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10dd\u10d5\u10d0\u10ef\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4 \u10d6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d2\u10d4\u10e1\u2026<\/p>\n \u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8. \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0. \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10e9\u10ee\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8; \u10db\u10d0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd. \u10db\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc. \u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0.\u00a0 \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8. \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc. \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8, \u10ef\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc. \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10e3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d2\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8? \u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7; \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4, \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10ee\u10d0\u10db\u10e4\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10db\u10e4\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10db\u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10e3 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e4 \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8? \u10db\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0-\u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8\u10e0\u10e3? \u10db\u10e3 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10e3\u10e4\u10d7 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc?<\/p>\n \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0<\/strong> \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d4\u10f2\u10d0, \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e5 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d0, \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8, \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8, \u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0, \u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3- \u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10e3\u10db\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10ef\u10e3\u10e4\u10e1. \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4, \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4, \u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4, \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4, \u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4; \u10db\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc; \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dd\u10ec\u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10e3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0; \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0. \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0- \u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd, \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd \u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10dc. \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10d2\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7; \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0. \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e7\u10e3 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e5 \u10db\u10e3 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0, \u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1, \u10db\u10e3\u10ed\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0, \u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1, \u10db\u10e3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10f2\u10dd\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0, \u10f2\u10dd\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1, \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d6\u10d8\u10f2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d4\u10ef\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e3\u10d2\u10d4\u10ef\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d8\u10ef\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u2026 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc \u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10f2\u10d4\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10dc.\u00a0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0 \u10ec\u10dd\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e9\u10ee\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0. \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10e5 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10d7\u10e3\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd \u10e1\u10d5\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e5\u10d0\u10e9\u10d0\u10e4\u10e1\u00a0 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dc\u10dd\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10e3\u10dc \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc; \u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d1\u10dd\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0. \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dc\u10d0, \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3.<\/p>\n \u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e9\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e3 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e9\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e3; \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc. \u10db\u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u201c\u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u201d. \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10ee\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10db\u10e4\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10ee\u10e3 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc; \u10d0\u10db\u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10db\u10e4\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10ee\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0 \u10ea\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10dd\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e3 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10dd\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10e3 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0; \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8.<\/p>\n \u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d1\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d7, \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7! \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc? \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8?\u00a0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc, \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1. \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10e3 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10e3\u10e4\u10d7 \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8?<\/p>\n \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0<\/strong> \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10f0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d7-\u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10e0\u10e3\u10d1\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10f0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8. (\u10d3\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0.) \u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10dd. \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e5 (1906 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1), \u10d9. \u10f0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u10e5 (1932 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1), \u10de. \u10d3\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10e5 (1921 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1), \u10d2. \u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e5 (1958 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1), \u10d8. \u10db. \u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10ef\u10d8\u10e5 (1963 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1), \u10d2. \u10da. \u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u0444\u10f2\u10e3\u10ee\u10e0\u10d8\u10e5 (1989 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1), \u10d5. \u10e1. \u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d2\u10e3\u10d4\u10d5\u10d0\u10e5 (1990 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1), \u10df. \u10d2\u10d8\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e5 (1996 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1) \u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10e1\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d3\u10dd\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10ee\u10e3 \u10db\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4. \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd, \u10d3\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10f2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10dd\u10d2\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10e1\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5. \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10dc\u10d8\u0444\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc:\u00a0 \u10ec\u10dd\u10ee\u10da\u10d4, \u10f2\u10e3\u10da\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d2\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d5\u10d0, \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e9\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8, \u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dd\u10db\u10df\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4. \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4-\u10d2\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4. \u0424\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e8\u10e5\u10d4 \u0424\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 (\u10e4\u10d4\u10f0\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8) \u10d3\u10dd \u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u0424\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd, \u10d0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0 \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc.<\/p>\n \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10dd\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10e5\u10f2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0;\u00a0 \u10e5\u10f2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10dd\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc, \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e5\u10f2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4.\u00a0 \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10dc\u10dd\u10ec\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc: \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10e5\u10f2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8; \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10dc\u10dd\u10ec\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d1\u10d0\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10e8 \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd, \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10db\u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d8\u10da\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc; \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d0\u10db\u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dc\u10dd\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0.<\/p>\n \u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc, \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc. \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0? \u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7, \u10db\u10e3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc!<\/p>\n \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0<\/strong> \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d3\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1: \u10de\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d1\u10d0\u10f2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d6\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0\u10de\u10d8\u10ef\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8. \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd \u10d3\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1: \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0, \u10d9\u10f7\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10ed\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8, \u10d9\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8, \u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10ed\u10d8, \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8, \u10e8\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8. \u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d3\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1. \u10f0\u10d4\u10db\u10d8 \u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10df\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d0\u10db \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0, \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc.<\/p>\n \u10e5\u10f2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8, \u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0, \u10d3\u10d8\u10d5\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8 \u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d7\u10f2\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e5\u10f2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u201c\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u201d \u10e3\u10ec\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc. \u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd \u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8; \u10d1\u10d4\u10f2\u10e4\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10e3\u10dc. \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d3\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10f7\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10ed\u10d8, \u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d8\u10e0\u10e5, \u10e5\u10f2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10e0, \u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10d9\u10d8 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10d3\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc. \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10d9\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d4 \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8, \u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e5\u10f2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e3\u10ec\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10f2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d5\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc.<\/p>\n \u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc; \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10dc \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd; \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10dc? \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4, \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0?<\/p>\n \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0<\/strong> \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10df\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u0424\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1. \u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10d6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0, \u10d2\u10d4\u10e3\u10da\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d2\u10d4\u10d6\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8, \u10dd\u10db\u10df\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10d8, \u10dd\u10db\u10df\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10f2\u10e3\u10da\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e2\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10f2\u10e3\u10da\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10dd \u10d3\u10dd \u10ee\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8, \u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d0\u10f2\u10d8\u10e0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0; \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc. \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4, \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10f2\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 (17) \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd \u10e8\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1, \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8- \u10d2\u10f2\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0-\u10df\u10e3\u10e0 \u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1, \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8- \u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10f2\u10e1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8-\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0. \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10e8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4, \u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0. \u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10ef\u10e3\u10db\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 (10.000) \u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10dc \u10f2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10d5\u10f2\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e9\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e1; \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8. \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc (3- 4) \u10e1\u10e3\u10db- \u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10e4\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd \u10e4\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7\u10dc\u10d0 (1) \u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10f2\u10d0\u10e8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4. \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc (5) \u10ee\u10e3\u10d7 \u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10dc \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da \u10e5\u10d8\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10f2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc.<\/p>\n \u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7, \u10db\u10e3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc! \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10db\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd \u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10ef\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc? \u10db\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd \u10ee\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd \u10e3\u10ee\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10ef\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d3\u10d8\u0444\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1?<\/p>\n \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0<\/strong> \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc (7) \u10e8\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10ee\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10ef\u10d0 ( \u201c\u10d0, \u10d4, \u10f7, \u10d8, \u10dd, \u10e3, \u00fb\u201d),\u00a0 (24) \u10d4\u10e9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd \u10e3\u10ee\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10ef\u10d0 ( \u201c\u10d1, \u10ef, \u10e9, \u10d3, \u0444, \u10d2, \u10e6, \u10f0, \u10df, \u10e5, \u10da, \u10db, \u10dc, \u10e7, \u10e4, \u10e0, \u10e1, \u10e8, \u10d7, \u10d5, w, \u10ee, \u10f2, \u10d6\u201d) \u10d3\u10dd (4) \u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd \u10d3\u10d8\u0444\u10d7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d2\u10d8 (\u201c\u10e4\u10f0, \u10d7\u10f0, \u10e9\u10f0, \u10e5\u10f0\u201d).<\/p>\n \u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc \u10d9\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc \u10d4\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10db\u10d0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d4\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d4\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1? \u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d4\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3 \u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc? \u10db\u10d0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d4\u10ea\u10ee\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8?<\/p>\n \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0<\/strong> \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10e0\u10e3\u10d1\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d4\u10f2\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10ee\u10e3 \u10dd\u10e8\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc. \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10ed\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10db\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8.<\/p>\n \u10e5\u10f2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4; \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc.<\/p>\n \u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10dc\u10d0, \u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e8\u10d0 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10e4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d7! \u10d8\u10e4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e1\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8? \u10db\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10ef\u10e6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4? \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3 \u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10f2\u10d4\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3 \u10d8\u10e4\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8; \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8, \u10da\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8?!<\/p>\n \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0<\/strong> \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d8\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3 \u10de\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0 \u10da\u10d4\u10e0\u10e9\u10d8 (\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10f2\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8) \u10e8\u10d9\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10dc (1856) \u10d5\u10d8\u10d7\u10dd \u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd \u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d4\u10e9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd \u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1.\u00a0 \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3 \u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc (1956- 58) \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc \u10e9\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d4\u10e9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd \u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8-\u00a0 \u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d4\u10e9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd \u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1. \u0424. \u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e5 \u10da\u10d8\u10d2\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd \u10d8\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3 \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc (1964) \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc \u10e9\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e1\u10e3\u10db\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d4\u10e9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1.\u00a0 \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d7-\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10f2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10d8\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3.\u00a0 \u10dd. \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e5 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9. \u10f0\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d9\u10d8\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10ed\u10d8\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1. \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u201c\u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u201d \u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc (1932) \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc \u10e9\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d4\u10e9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd \u10df\u10e3\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc: \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd, \u10d5. \u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8 (\u10d3\u10d0\u10f2\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10dd\u10ee\u10da\u10d4-\u10db\u10ee\u10d7\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8, 1931 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0, \u10d1.: 17; \u10d3\u10d0\u10f2\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d8, \u10d8\u10e1\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10d9\u10da\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8), \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d7 \u10d5\u10dd\u10dc \u10da\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10e7\u10d8 (1901 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0), \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10d8\u10dc \u10e2\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8 (1985 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0), \u10da\u10e3\u10d3\u10d5\u10d8\u10d2 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 (1998 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0, \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8<\/em> – <\/em>\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8<\/em> \u10d3\u10dd<\/em> \u10d0\u10e0<\/em> \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10df\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8<\/em> \u10dd\u10e6\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0<\/em>), \u10e8\u10e5\u10d0\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dd\u10db\u10df\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10de\u10d8\u10ef\u10d8; \u10d6\u10d8\u10da\u0444\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 (1998 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0,\u00a0 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8, \u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8 \u2013\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8), \u10d8\u10da\u10f2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 (2007 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0, \u10dc\u10dd\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4<\/em>, 2016 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0,\u00a0 \u0424<\/em>\u10d8\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8<\/em> \u0444<\/em>\u10dd\u10dc\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10f2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8<\/em> \u10d3\u10dd<\/em> \u10d4\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0<\/em>), \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10e3\u10d7 \u10d9\u10d4\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 (2009 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0, \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8<\/em> \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8<\/em> \u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8<\/em> \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8<\/em> \u10df\u10d8\u10dc<\/em>).<\/p>\n \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e9\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10ef\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10d8\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d3\u10e6\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc \u10e1\u10e3\u10db \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8: \u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d5\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4 \u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10e0\u10e3\u10d1\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d1\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10f2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8- \u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10f2\u10d0\u10e8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4, \u10db\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0-\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0-\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10df\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10d1\u10e1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8.<\/p>\n \u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4; \u10d8\u10e4\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e1\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3? \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10dc\u10dd\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10ef\u10e6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10db\u10d8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1?<\/p>\n \u10ee\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0<\/strong> \u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3.\u00a0 \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10e4\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd \u10e4\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0, \u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10f2\u10d4\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3 \u10e9\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10df\u10e3\u10e0 \u10dd\u10e8\u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4; \u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10d8\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3. \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e4\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc (1798 \u2013 1833) \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc \u10e8\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10d7 \u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd \u10dc\u10d4\u10e9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd \u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd- \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc \u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd \u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d4\u10e9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd \u10e1\u10e3\u10db \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8. \u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10ee\u10d4\u10e8\u10dc\u10dd\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4. \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d4\u10e8\u10dc\u10dd\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10f2\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u10d8\u10e4\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10da\u10d8\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d0\u10f0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8. \u10e5\u10f2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10f2\u10d0 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10e8\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc. \u10da\u10d8\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d0\u10f0\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10e3\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10dd\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc (1899) \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc \u10dd\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd \u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd \u10dc\u10d4\u10e9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd \u10e9\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1.\u00a0\u00a0 \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e4\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e3\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8. \u10db\u10d0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u0444\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10dc \u10d4\u0444\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10f2\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8. \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d1\u10e3\u10d9\u10da\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d8\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3 (1906) \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc \u10e9\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3 (1933) \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc \u10e9\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d4\u10e9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd \u10e1\u10e3\u10db \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1, \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\/ \u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd\u10e1.<\/p>\n \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3 \u10e3\u10ee\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 (60) \u10e1\u10e3\u10db\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d4\u10e9\u10d8\u00a0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1.\u00a0 \u10e1\u10e3\u10db\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d4\u10e9\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10ee\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d4, \u10da\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d1\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u201c\u10e0\u10dd\u10df\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4w\u10d4 \/ \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e6\u10d0\u201d \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3 (1964) \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc \u10e9\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e1\u10e3\u10db\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d4\u10e9\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1. \u10e3\u10d9\u10d0\u10e9\u10ee\u10d4 (1980) \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc \u10e9\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd \u10dc\u10d4\u10e9\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1,\u00a0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10da\u10d4 \u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10e5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4; \u10d0\u10db\u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dc\u10dd\u10ec\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1.\u00a0 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10dd \u10f2\u10d4\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d8\u10da\u10d7\u10d8\u10ef\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d0\u10e1. \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10ec\u10e3\u10dc\u10d9\u10d0\u10de\u10d0\u10da\u10d0. \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3 (1980) \u10d5\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc \u10e9\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10dd \u10dc\u10d4\u10e9\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d4.\u00a0 \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u201c\u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u201d \u10f2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc.\u00a0 \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10e5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e4\u10d8\u10f2\u10d0, \u10d0\u10f2\u10e0\u10d4, \u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10d4 \u10e1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4, W\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4, \u10d7\u10d8\u10df\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10e1. \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4, \u10de\u10d0\u10e8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4, \u10d3\u10dd \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d8\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1.<\/p>\n \u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd; \u10d6\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10df\u10d8\u10dc \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d8\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10de\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 (\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8) \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10db\u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1.<\/p>\n \u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>![\"\"](\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Picture1-1.png\")
<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Picture2-7.jpg\")
![\"\"](\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Picture3-1.png\")