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Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz<\/strong><\/p>\n (\u00d6n a\u00e7\u0131klama: Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc misafirim Sel\u00e7uk S\u0131ms\u0131m. Sel\u00e7uk S\u0131ms\u0131m\u2019\u0131 yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f kitaplar\u0131ndan tan\u0131yorum: \u201c19 ve 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Abazalar\u0131n Politik Tarihi (1770- 1993)\u201d ve \u201cBa\u015fka Bir Vatan\u0131m\u0131z Yok\/ Abhazyan\u0131n Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Sava\u015f\u0131 (1992- 1993)\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0Sel\u00e7uk S\u0131ms\u0131m\u2019\u0131n bu iki kitab\u0131 da Apra Yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u0130lk kitab\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015ftan sona kadar okudum; kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131mda da mevcut. Ku\u015fba Erol, birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce hediye etmi\u015fti.\u00a0\u00a0\u0130kinci kitab\u0131 bende yok. Ancak kitaptan baz\u0131 sayfalar\u0131n fotokopilerini okudum. Sel\u00e7uk S\u0131ms\u0131m ile bir s\u00f6yle\u015fi yapt\u0131m; biyografisinden, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan ve Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc durumundan konu\u015ftuk. Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz)<\/p>\n +<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz<\/strong>: Sel\u00e7uk bey, siz de isterseniz, \u00f6nce bize biyografinizden bahsedin de s\u00f6yle\u015fiye \u00f6yle ba\u015flayal\u0131m. S\u00fcrg\u00fcn atalar\u0131n\u0131z Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n hangi b\u00f6lgesinden Anadolu\u2019ya ne zaman gelmi\u015fler? Siz ka\u00e7\u0131nc\u0131 ku\u015faktans\u0131n\u0131z?\u00a0\u00a0Nerede ve ne zaman do\u011fdunuz? Hangi okullarda \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcz? \u015eimdi nerede ya\u015f\u0131yor ve ne i\u015f yap\u0131yorsunuz? Evli misiniz? \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131z var m\u0131? T\u00fcrk\u00e7e d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hangi dilleri biliyorsunuz?<\/p>\n Sel\u00e7uk S\u0131ms\u0131m<\/strong>: Ali \u0130hsan Bey, Merhaba. Atalar\u0131m Abazalar\u0131n etnografik topluluklar\u0131ndan biri olan Sadz toplulu\u011funa mensuptur. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Bz\u0131p ile Hosta nehirleri aras\u0131ndaki eski ad\u0131yla K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Abhazya topraklar\u0131ndan 1864 y\u0131l\u0131 itibar\u0131yla Anadolu\u2019ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015flerdir. Ben 5. ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131m. 1974 y\u0131l\u0131 Hollanda do\u011fumluyum. \u0130lk\u00f6\u011fretimi belli bir a\u015famaya kadar Hollanda\u2019da, kalan t\u00fcm \u00f6\u011frenimimi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ald\u0131m. \u00dcniversiteyi Sakarya\u2019da okudum. \u00d6\u011fretmen k\u00f6kenliyim ama mesle\u011fimi yapm\u0131yorum. Sakarya Akyaz\u0131\u2019da ticaretle u\u011fra\u015f\u0131yorum. Evli de\u011filim. T\u00fcrk\u00e7e d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda biraz Felemenk\u00e7e, biraz Abazaca konu\u015fabiliyorum.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz<\/strong>:\u00a0\u00a0\u0130lk kitab\u0131n\u0131z, \u201c19 ve 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Abazalar\u0131n Politik Tarihi (1770- 1993)\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131z 2016\u2019da yay\u0131nland\u0131. Bu kitab\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yazmaya ne zaman ba\u015flad\u0131n\u0131z? Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131z ne kadar tirajla yay\u0131nland\u0131? Kitab\u0131n\u0131z yeterince ilgi g\u00f6rd\u00fc m\u00fc? \u0130lgi sizi sevindirdi mi? Kitab\u0131n\u0131z ba\u015fka dillere terc\u00fcme edildi mi?<\/p>\n Sel\u00e7uk S\u0131ms\u0131m<\/strong>: \u0130lk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ma 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131m. Kitap \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile ilgili birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 alanda ara\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyorum. Bu alanlardan ilkiyle ilgili 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201c19 ve 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Abazalar\u0131n Politik Tarihi (1770- 1993)\u201d\u00a0\u00a0adl\u0131 kitab\u0131m yay\u0131nland\u0131. Birinci kitab\u0131ma y\u00fcksek tirajl\u0131 iki bask\u0131 yapt\u0131k. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir\u00e7ok il, il\u00e7e ve k\u00f6yde tan\u0131t\u0131m organizasyonlar\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. Abhazya\u2019da da tan\u0131t\u0131m organizasyonu ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bu anlamda kitaba g\u00f6sterilen ilgi beni fazlas\u0131yla memnun etti. Birinci kitap hen\u00fcz ba\u015fka bir dile \u00e7evrilmedi.<\/p>\n \u00a0Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130kinci kitab\u0131n\u0131z\u00a0<\/strong>\u201cBa\u015fka Bir Vatan\u0131m\u0131z Yok\/ Abhazyan\u0131n Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Sava\u015f\u0131 (1992- 1993)\u201d. Bu kitab\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ne zaman yazmaya ba\u015flad\u0131n\u0131z? Bu kitab\u0131n\u0131z da Apra Yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131; biliyorum. Ancak kitab\u0131n\u0131z bende yok. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da ba\u015ftan sonra kadar hen\u00fcz okuyamad\u0131m. Ancak kitab\u0131n\u0131zdan baz\u0131 sayfalar\u0131n fotokopileri bende mevcut. Onlar\u0131 okumu\u015ftum. Kitab\u0131n\u0131z ne zaman yay\u0131nland\u0131? Ka\u00e7 sayfa? T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Abhaz- Abazalar, kitab\u0131n\u0131za yeterince ilgi g\u00f6sterdiler mi? Bu kitab\u0131n\u0131z ba\u015fka dillere terc\u00fcme edildi mi?<\/p>\n Sel\u00e7uk S\u0131ms\u0131m<\/strong>: \u201cBa\u015fka Bir Vatan\u0131m\u0131z Yok! Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Sava\u015f\u0131 (1992- 1993)\u201d adl\u0131 ikinci kitab\u0131m\u0131 2016 \u00f6ncesi yazmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Birinci kitab\u0131m yay\u0131nland\u0131ktan sonra bu kitaba a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k verdim. Kitap 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nland\u0131. Birinci ve ikinci kitaplar\u0131m Apra Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nland\u0131. Kitap 727 sayfadan olu\u015fuyor. Kitapta Abhazya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm detaylar\u0131n\u0131, belgeleriyle sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi ve sava\u015f d\u00f6nemi olarak okuyabilirsiniz. Kitapta Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n sava\u015ftaki hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131lmakta, ayr\u0131ca G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin yalan tarih kurgular\u0131na cevap verilmektedir. \u0130lk kitap gibi cidd\u00ee bir ilgi g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde farkl\u0131 il, il\u00e7e ve k\u00f6ylerde tan\u0131t\u0131m organizasyonlar\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. Kitap Abazacaya \u00e7evrildi. Kitab\u0131n Abazaca bask\u0131s\u0131 araya salg\u0131n hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n girmesi sebebiyle hen\u00fcz yay\u0131nlanmad\u0131. Pandemi biterse kitab\u0131n Abazaca tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 Abhazya\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek. \u0130laveler yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yenilenmi\u015f ikinci bask\u0131y\u0131 yine pandemi \u015fartlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bekletiyorum.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz:\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki baz\u0131\u00a0<\/strong>Abhaz- Abaza ayd\u0131nlar\u0131, halk\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 Abhaz olarak adland\u0131r\u0131yor, baz\u0131 Abhaz- Abaza ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 da halk\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 Abaza olarak adland\u0131r\u0131yor. Hangi ad di\u011ferinden daha uygun? Neden? Bu konuda siz ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/p>\n Sel\u00e7uk S\u0131ms\u0131m<\/strong>: \u0130zah etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fay\u0131m. Abhazya\u2019da ya\u015fayan insanlar kendilerine \u201cApsuva\u201d, \u00fclkelerine de \u201cApsn\u0131\u201d demektedir.\u00a0Roma\u00a0ve Bizans\u00a0yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131nda ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en antik d\u00f6nem topluluklar\u0131m\u0131zdan \u201cAbazglar\u0131\u201d kom\u015fular\u0131 \u201cAphazi\/Abhazi\u201d olarak adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Abazglar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cAbazgia\u201d \u00fclkesine ise \u201cAphazeti\/Abhazeti\u201d demi\u015flerdir.\u00a0\u201cAphazi\/Abhazi\u201d ve \u201cAphazeti\/ Abhazeti\u201d adland\u0131rmalar\u0131 da aynen bu \u015fekilleriyle G\u00fcrc\u00fc diline, onun vas\u0131tas\u0131yla da d\u00fcnyadaki di\u011fer dillere ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu s\u00f6yleni\u015f \u015feklini esas alan Ruslar taraf\u0131ndan orada ya\u015fayan t\u00fcm halka \u201cAbhaz\u201d, \u00fclkelerine de \u201cAbhazya\u201d denilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin Abhazya\u2019daki kom\u015fular\u0131na verdikleri \u201cAphazi\u201d ad\u0131 daha sonra Rus\u00e7a\u2019da milliyet adlar\u0131n\u0131n sonuna eklenen tak\u0131yla \u201cAbazin\u201d formuna getirilerek Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019daki soyda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z olan \u201cA\u015fuva\u201d ve \u201cA\u015fkaruva\u201d gruplar\u0131n\u0131n geneli i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye diasporas\u0131 ise \u00e7ok eskiden beri \u201cAbaza\u201d adland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaktad\u0131r. Abaza adland\u0131rmas\u0131 T\u00fcrk, Arap kaynaklar\u0131nda ayn\u0131 k\u00f6kten gelen Apsuva, A\u015fuva ve A\u015fkaruvalara verilen genel add\u0131r.<\/p>\n Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan geli\u015fen s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u201cAbhazya\u201d ve \u201cAbhaz\u201d adland\u0131rmalar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye diasporas\u0131nda da kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Abhazya Cumhuriyetinin 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusya Federasyonu taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmas\u0131yla birlikte diasporada Abhazya ve Abhaz tan\u0131mlamalar\u0131 daha yayg\u0131n hale gelmi\u015ftir. Diasporadaki ayd\u0131nlar da buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kendi jargonlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ben kendi ad\u0131ma T\u00fcrkiye diasporas\u0131ndaki yaz\u0131 ve yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131mda Apsuva, A\u015fkaruva ve A\u015fuva\u2019y\u0131 ortak tan\u0131mlayan \u201cAbaza\u201d adland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 kullanmay\u0131 tercih ediyorum. S\u00f6yle\u015finizde de bunu dikkate al\u0131p cevap verece\u011fim.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz<\/strong>: Abhazya, stratejik \u00f6neme sahip topraklardan biri. Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n tarihi de \u00e7ok zengin. Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Sel\u00e7uklu \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Cenevizliler, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131, Sovyet Birli\u011fi tarihlerinin en \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Abhaz tarihi i\u00e7inde de sakl\u0131. Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n eski s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 da bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kadar de\u011fildi: Abhazya, Kolkheti\/ Lazika\/ Egrisi\u2019 idi. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc G\u00fcneybat\u0131 Kafkasya da Abhazya idi. O sebeple de bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Abhazya yaln\u0131zca Abhazlar\u0131n de\u011fil, Megrellerin, Svanlar\u0131n, Lazlar\u0131n, G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin de vatan\u0131. Abhazya yaln\u0131zca bu halklar\u0131n da de\u011fil, Ruslar\u0131n, Hem\u015finlilerin, T\u00fcrklerin, Rumlar\u0131n ve di\u011fer halklar\u0131n da vatan\u0131. Abhazlar\u0131n tarihi, Abhazya\u2019ya \u00f6nceden veya sonradan yerle\u015fmi\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn halklar\u0131n tarihlerinin i\u00e7inde de sakl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu halklar\u0131n tarihleri de Abhazlar\u0131n tarihinin i\u00e7inde gizlidir. O sebeple de ben Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 \u2018Canlar \u00dclkesi\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131yorum. Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc b\u00fct\u00fcn halklar\u0131 bir\u00e7ok ortak k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011fere sahip. Ancak Abhazlar ve Megreller \u00e7ok daha fazla ortak k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011fere sahip: Ortak yeme- i\u00e7me k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri var. Ortak soyadlar\u0131 var. O sebeple de Abhazlar\u0131 Megrelerden, Megrelleri de Abhazlardan ay\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer halklar\u0131n\u0131 da Abhaz ve Megrellerden ay\u0131rmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Siz bu konuda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/p>\n Sel\u00e7uk S\u0131ms\u0131m<\/strong>: Abhazya ve i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu co\u011frafya jeo- politik ve jeo- stratejik konumu nedeniyle tarih boyunca hep \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fc nedeniyle Abhazya topraklar\u0131 tarihte hep b\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorluklar\u0131n egemenliklerini sa\u011flamak istedikleri bir yere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Sizin sayd\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131za Persleri, Araplar\u0131, Mo\u011follar\u0131 da ekleyebiliriz. Bu imparatorluklar\u0131n b\u00f6lgedeki varl\u0131klar\u0131 politik, ekonomik, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkileri de beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir. Tarihi de zengin k\u0131lan b\u00fct\u00fcn bu unsurlar\u0131n i\u00e7indeki ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar de\u011fil midir zaten?<\/p>\n Sizin bahsetti\u011finiz anlamda \u201cs\u0131n\u0131r\u201d meselesinin g\u00f6receli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyorum. Hangi d\u00f6nem ve hangi perspektiften bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131za ba\u011fl\u0131. Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n tarihte bug\u00fcnk\u00fc siyasi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndan daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir alanda varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00f6nemler de olmu\u015f, daha geni\u015f bir alana yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemler de olmu\u015ftur. Bu durum Laz\/ Megreller i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Etnik s\u0131n\u0131rlar ile siyasi s\u0131n\u0131rlar \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmez. \u015eimdiki Abhazya 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki etnik s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndan daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck etnik ve siyasi s\u0131n\u0131rlara sahiptir. Ama tarihsel veriler bize g\u00f6steriyor ki, Abhazya, Abazalar\u0131n etnik olarak her zaman \u00e7o\u011funluk olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00fclkeydi. 1810 ile 1878 aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131lan s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerle Abazalar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklardan binlerce ki\u015fi s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015f geriye 28 bin ki\u015fi kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu verilerin hepsi belgelerle sabittir. Daha sonra G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin ve Ruslar\u0131n, bo\u015falan Abhazya topraklar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l kolonize ettikleri, y\u0131llara g\u00f6re n\u00fcfus say\u0131mlar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n Bildi\u011finiz \u00fczere uzun bir d\u00f6nem Do\u011fu Karadeniz sahillerinin tamam\u0131 Kolkhida k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn etkisi alt\u0131ndayd\u0131. Kolkhida k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan etno-politik halklar aras\u0131nda Abaza k\u00f6kenli halklar (Apsil, Abazg, Misimyan, Sanig) ile Egrisi-Lazika k\u00f6kenli halklar da vard\u0131. Her iki taraf geli\u015fmelere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak uzun bir s\u00fcre askeri, politik i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde olmu\u015ftur.\u00a0\u00a0B\u00f6lge \u00fczerindeki Roma, Bizans, Pers siyaseti kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda dayan\u0131\u015fma sergilemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Abaza etnik k\u00f6kenli halklar belli d\u00f6nemlerde politik anlamda Egrisi birli\u011fine d\u00e2hil olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu birliktelikten ayr\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6nemler de ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hem Abazalar, hem Egrisi halklar\u0131 kendi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in de m\u00fccadele etmi\u015ftir. Abazalar\u0131n Egrisi\u2019yi kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na ve y\u00f6netimlerine d\u00e2hil ettikleri d\u00f6nemler de olmu\u015ftur. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te her iki taraf i\u00e7in de s\u0131n\u0131rlar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcp, b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kimse bug\u00fcn eline bir cetvel al\u0131p bunun \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131p kesin bir \u015fey iddia edemez. Ama \u00e7ok net olarak \u015funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz ki Laz\/ Megrel ve Abazalar b\u00f6lgenin otokton halklar\u0131 olup, kadim bir kom\u015fulu\u011fa ve dostlu\u011fa sahiptirler. Laz\/ Megrel halk\u0131 ayn\u0131 k\u00f6ken, dil birli\u011fi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr birli\u011finden gelmese de Abazalar\u0131n en kadim kom\u015fular\u0131ndan biridir. Halklar\u0131n kom\u015fulu\u011fu ayn\u0131 t\u00fcrk\u00fcy\u00fc beraber s\u00f6ylemeye benzer. T\u00fcrk\u00fc kimi zaman ahenksiz \u00e7\u0131ksa da \u00e7o\u011fu zaman ahenklidir. Ama bizim gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131n kap\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131 olmu\u015f bir co\u011frafyada ya\u015f\u0131yorsan bu t\u00fcrk\u00fc koro \u015feklinde s\u00f6ylenmek zorundad\u0131r. Nitekim tarih bu tezimizi do\u011fruluyor. \u0130mparatorluklar\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda kalan Abazalar ve Laz\/ Megreller hep birbirlerinden yard\u0131m istemi\u015fler ve yard\u0131m da etmi\u015flerdir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fartlar kom\u015fular\u0131m\u0131z \u00c7erkesler i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. \u00dcstelik \u00c7erkeslerle etnik, dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr birli\u011fimiz vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Birbirlerinin tarihlerine, k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerine, dillerine, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na k\u0131sacas\u0131 varl\u0131klar\u0131na sayg\u0131l\u0131 olmak \u015fart\u0131yla ortak de\u011ferlerin olu\u015fabilece\u011fine inan\u0131yorum. Can insanlar\u0131n diyar\u0131 olan canlar \u00fclkesi Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n da bu anlamda \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen her \u015feyi yapaca\u011f\u0131na inanc\u0131m sonsuz.<\/p>\n Do\u011fu Abhazya ile Megrelya topraklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rda\u015f olmas\u0131 tarihte hep kom\u015fuluk ili\u015fkilerinin geli\u015fmesine vesile olmu\u015ftur. Kom\u015fulu\u011fun oldu\u011fu yerde k\u00fclt\u00fcrel al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f olur elbette. Evlilikler yoluyla akrabal\u0131klar olu\u015fabilir. Bu anlamda ortak soyadlar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. \u00d6zellikle do\u011fu Abhazyadaki baz\u0131 soyadlar\u0131n Megreller i\u00e7inde de g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor olmas\u0131, bat\u0131 Megrelyadaki baz\u0131 soyadlar\u0131n da Abazalar i\u00e7in g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor olmas\u0131 bunun yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Bunu demografik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel anlamda zenginlik olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n Soy meselesi ile ilgili \u015funu da belirtmek istiyorum. T\u00fcm halklar\u0131n kendi soylar\u0131n\u0131n karakteristik \u00f6zellikleri vard\u0131r. Abaza soylar\u0131n\u0131n da kendi karakteristi\u011fi, \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve tarihi ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi vard\u0131r. Bu soylar Azhvala (ayn\u0131 k\u00f6ke ait olan), Aye\u015fara (karde\u015flik) ve Abiparalardan (bir baban\u0131n torunlar\u0131) olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi g\u00f6rmemezli\u011fe gelen baz\u0131 \u00e7evre ve ki\u015filer soy konusunu istismar etmektedir. Abaza soylar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun G\u00fcrc\u00fc k\u00f6kenli oldu\u011fu iddialar\u0131 bu ama\u00e7lara hizmet etmektedir. 19 ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda s\u00f6m\u00fcrgeciler taraf\u0131ndan uygulanan isk\u00e2n politikalar\u0131 sonucunda Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n demografik durumu k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durumu lehlerine \u00e7evirmek isteyen Tiflis g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc G\u00fcrc\u00fc politikac\u0131lar, tarih\u00e7iler, yazar ve gazeteciler kendi halk\u0131na ve t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya, Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131, tarihi G\u00fcrc\u00fc topra\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu propagandas\u0131 yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u0130ddialar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in de Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi demografik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Mevcut Abazalar\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Abhazya\u2019ya 17.y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019dan geldi\u011fini (Ingorokva teorisi), bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn de G\u00fcrc\u00fc k\u00f6kenli oldu\u011funu iddia etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. G\u00fcrc\u00fc k\u00f6kenli olduklar\u0131 tezini desteklemek i\u00e7inde soylar \u00fczerine manip\u00fcle edici kitaplar, makaleler, yaz\u0131lar yay\u0131nlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bug\u00fcn \u00fcz\u00fclerek g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz ki bu yapay yaz\u0131lar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kullanan \u00e7evreler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7evrelerin yalanlar\u0131na itibar edilmemesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz<\/strong>:\u00a0\u00a0G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Abhazya Cumhuriyetini yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 devlet tan\u0131yor. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ba\u015fdan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 Yal\u00e7\u0131n Top\u00e7u, 2015\u2019te, \u201cAbhazya\u2019y\u0131 tan\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131z,\u201d demi\u015fti.\u00a0Abhazya Ekonomi Bakan\u0131 Adgur Arzinba, 2019\u2019da Vatan Partisi Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Do\u011fu Perin\u00e7ek\u2019i ziyaret etmi\u015fti. Do\u011fu Perin\u00e7ek de Adgur Arzinba vas\u0131tas\u0131yla Abhazya Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Raul Hacimba\u2019ya bir mektup g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti. Do\u011fu Perin\u00e7ek, mektubunda d\u00f6rt \u00f6nemli konudan bahsediyordu: \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti, Abhazya Devletini tan\u0131yacak. Rusya Federasyonu ve Abhazya Cumhuriyeti, Kuzey K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyetini tan\u0131yacak.\u00a0K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n, Rusya Federasyonu\u2019nun topra\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011funa T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ve Kuzey K\u0131br\u0131s T\u00fcrk Cumhuriyeti karar alacak. Karaba\u011f\u2019da Ermenistan\u2019\u0131n i\u015fgalini bitirmek i\u00e7in Rusya Federasyoni ve Abhazya Cumhuriyeti yollar arayacak\u201d. Siz bu konularda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/p>\n Sel\u00e7uk S\u0131ms\u0131m<\/strong>:\u00a0\u00a0Sovyetler Brli\u011finin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan edip, G\u00fcrcistan ile sava\u015fmak zorunda kalan ve ard\u0131ndan Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Devletler Toplulu\u011funun ambargosu ile y\u00fczle\u015fen Abhazya zorlu m\u00fccadelesini hi\u00e7 b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015f, ayakta kalmay\u0131 ba\u015farabilmi\u015ftir. ABD\u2019nin e\u011fitip donatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcrc\u00fc Ordusunun 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda G\u00fcney Osetya ve Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 i\u015fgal giri\u015fimleri sonucu ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7te 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusya Federasyonu Abhazya Cumhuriyetini tan\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Abhazya Cumhuriyeti ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z egemen bir \u00fclke olarak T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ile politik anlamda ili\u015fkilerini geli\u015ftirme ve bu y\u00f6nde ad\u0131m atma hakk\u0131na sahiptir. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ile Abhazya Cumhuriyeti tarihi, ekonomik, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ili\u015fkileri olan Karadeniz\u2019e kom\u015fu iki \u00fclkedir. Bu iki \u00fclkenin siyasi anlamda h\u00fck\u00fcmet, muhalefet veya parti d\u00fczeyinde birbiriyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yapmas\u0131, anla\u015fmalar imzalamas\u0131 ve gelecek ile ilgili planlar geli\u015ftirmesi son derece do\u011fald\u0131r.<\/p>\n Abhazya Cumhuriyetinin T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetine bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 her zaman olumlu olmu\u015ftur. Say\u0131n Vladislav Ardz\u0131nba\u2019n\u0131n Abhazya Parlamentosunun 22 Temmuz 1992 tarihindeki ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k ilan\u0131n\u0131n ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye geldi\u011fini hat\u0131rlatmak isterim. Say\u0131n Ardz\u0131nba ve heyetinin T\u00fcrkiye ziyareti Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n dost \u00fclke T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye nas\u0131l bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kan\u0131t\u0131 durumundad\u0131r. Abhaz taraf\u0131 o g\u00fcnlerden bug\u00fcne T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Bir \u00f6nceki d\u00f6nem Abhazya Cumhuriyeti Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Say\u0131n Raul Hac\u0131mba ile Vatan Partisi Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Say\u0131n Do\u011fu Perin\u00e7ek aras\u0131nda ba\u015flayan ikili ili\u015fkiler iktidardaki Abhazya Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Say\u0131n Aslan Bjania d\u00f6neminde de devam etmektedir. Her iki taraf ad\u0131na heyetlerin temaslar\u0131 devam ettirdikleri, gerekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcklerini biliyorum. Bu tarz siyasi temaslar\u0131n her iki \u00fclke ad\u0131na olumlu g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum. Devam etmesini \u00fcmit ediyorum.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz:\u00a0<\/strong>Yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131z var m\u0131? Bize m\u00fcjdeli haberleriniz var m\u0131?<\/p>\n Sel\u00e7uk S\u0131ms\u0131m<\/strong>:\u00a0\u00a0\u015eu an iki farkl\u0131 konu ile ilgili kitap haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131m ve ona ba\u011fl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131m devam ediyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131m, \u201cEski \u00c7a\u011flarda Abaza Tarihi\u201d, di\u011feri \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Diyasporas\u0131nda Abaza Yerle\u015fkeleri\u201d alanlar\u0131nda olacak. Nasip olursa 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde 3. eserim olarak \u201cEski \u00c7a\u011flarda Abaza Tarihi\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131 yeti\u015ftirmek istiyorum.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz:\u00a0<\/strong>Sel\u00e7uk bey, bu s\u00f6yle\u015fi i\u00e7in size \u00e7ok te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim. Ba\u015fka sorum yok. Ancak sizin ba\u015fka s\u00f6yleyecekleriniz veya mesajlar\u0131n\u0131z varsa, l\u00fctfen onlar\u0131 da s\u00f6yleyin. Sakal\u0131n\u0131z yere eri\u015fsin!<\/p>\n Sel\u00e7uk S\u0131ms\u0131m<\/strong>: Beni s\u00f6yle\u015finize davet etti\u011finiz i\u00e7in as\u0131l ben te\u015fekk\u00fcr etmek istiyorum. Abaza ve Laz\/ Megrel halk\u0131 iki kadim dost halk. Ayn\u0131 co\u011frafyada kaderimizin birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yorum. Birbirimize sayg\u0131 duyarak, destekleyerek Kafkasya\u2019da bizi yok sayan anlay\u0131\u015flara dur diyerek gelece\u011fi el birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde in\u015fa edece\u011fimize inanc\u0131m \u00e7ok fazla. Ayr\u0131ca s\u00f6ylemeden ge\u00e7emeyece\u011fim. Laz\/ Megrel kimli\u011fi ba\u015fka bir halk\u0131n alt kimli\u011fi de\u011fildir. Dili de ba\u015fka bir dilin leh\u00e7esi hi\u00e7 de\u011fildir. Bu bilin\u00e7le Fa\u015fist Kartvelist zihniyetine kar\u015f\u0131 Laz\/ Megrellerin kendi kimliklerine, k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerine ve dillerine sahip \u00e7\u0131kacaklar\u0131na inan\u0131yorum. Her \u015fey g\u00f6nl\u00fcn\u00fczce olsun. Sayg\u0131lar, sevgiler.<\/p>\n +<\/strong><\/p>\n (\u00d6nerilen okumalar<\/strong>:\u00a0Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cYaz\u0131l\u0131 Laz Edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6nc\u00fcs\u00fc \u0130skender Tzita\u015fi Kimdi? Neden \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc?\u201d, Yeni Kafkasya Gazetesi, Say\u0131 36(1), \u0130stanbul, 2001\/ demokrathaber.org, 26 VIII 2011\u00a0\u00a0(\u201cDo\u011fu Karadenizde Resm\u00ee \u0130deolojiler Ku\u015fatmas\u0131\u201d, 1. Bask\u0131, Sorun Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2003; 2. Bask\u0131, Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2012);\u00a0Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cKafkasyal\u0131 Ayd\u0131nlara A\u00e7\u0131k Mektup\u201d, demokrathaber.com, 8 VIII 2011; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Bir Kafkasya Dili: Lazca\u201d, Ala\u015fara Dergisi, Say\u0131 7-8, Nart Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1995\/ Sima Dergisi, Say\u0131 1, Sima Laz Vakf\u0131 Yay\u0131n\u0131, Ofset Haz\u0131rl\u0131k: Nart Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, Bask\u0131: Livane, \u0130stanbul, 2000; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201c\u00d6mer B\u00fcy\u00fcka (1901- 2001)\u201d, sonhaber.ch, 27 XI 2020; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201c8 Mart\u2019\u0131 hat\u0131rlarken\u2026\u201d, sonhaber.ch, 11 III 2021; Arifa Kapba, \u201c Efrem E\u015fba: Abhaz devletinin devrimci ve sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131\u201d, abaza.org \/tr\/, 7 III 2019; Asra Ardz\u0131nba, \u201cKele\u015fbey ve Abhaz Hayali\u201d, abaza.org \/tr\/, 24 IX 2018; Erol K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Kutelia, \u201cAnadolu Ajans\u0131, Kuzey Kafkasyal\u0131lar ve Nestor Lakoba\u201d, ozgurcerkes.com, 11 IV 2013; Erol K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Kutelia, \u201cHer anadili kutsald\u0131r!\u201d, sonhaber.ch, 6 III 2021; George Hewitt (\u00c7eviren: Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz), \u201cG\u00fcney Kafkasya ve Megrel- Lazlar\u2019\u0131n K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Haklar\u0131\u201d, Ayl\u0131k Sosyalist K\u00fclt\u00fcr Dergisi Birikim, Say\u0131 85, Birikim Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1996; Gerg Am\u0131cba, (\u00c7eviren: Hayri Ersoy), \u201cOrta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da Abhazlar, Lazlar\u201d, Nart Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1993; Xasan Helimi\u015fi (Derleyen: \u0130smail Bucak\u0306li\u015fi; Lazcadan \u00c7eviri: Hasan Uzunhasano\u011flu), \u201cMu P\u0306at E Skiri\u201d, Chiviyaz\u0131lar\u0131 Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul, 2006;\u00a0\u00a0\u0130brahim S\u0131rr\u0131 Top\u00e7uo\u011flu,\u201cSava\u015f Yaras\u0131- 1, 2 (An\u0131)\u201d, Kendi Yay\u0131n\u0131, G\u00fcryay Matbaas\u0131, \u0130zmir, 1975;\u00a0\u0130brahim S\u0131rr\u0131 Top\u00e7uo\u011flu, \u201cSava\u015f ve Dostluk\/ T\u00fcrk- Sovyet \u0130li\u015fkileri\u201d, Kendi Yay\u0131n\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1979;\u00a0Joakim Enwall (\u00c7eviren: Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz), \u201cQazaki\u015fi Gazeti\u201d, Ogni K\u00fclt\u00fcr Dergisi, Say\u0131 5, \u0130stanbul, 1994\/ Ala\u015fara Dergisi, Say\u0131 9-10, Nart Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1995- 1996; L\u00fctfi H\u0131zel, \u201c40 sene takip ettiler\u201d, milliyet.com.tr, 1 VII 2004;\u00a0\u00a0Muhittin \u00dcnal, \u201cKurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131nda \u00c7erkeslerin Rol\u00fc\u201d, Cem Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul, 1996; Murat Pap\u015fu, \u201cBir Adland\u0131rma Sorunu, Abhaz m\u0131 Abaza m\u0131?\u201d, Nart \u0130ki Ayl\u0131k D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn Dergisi, Say\u0131 51, Ankara, 2006;\u00a0\u00a0Nil\u00fcfer Devri\u015fova, \u201cK\u0131rg\u0131zistan\u2019da Ya\u015fayan S\u00fcrg\u00fcn Lazlar\u201d, Bizim Ah\u0131ska Dergisi, Say\u0131 22, Ankara, 2011\/ ahiska.org.tr; Nodar Lomouri (\u00c7eviren: Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cEgrisi\/ Lazika Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Tarihi\u201d, Ogni K\u00fclt\u00fcr Dergisi, Say\u0131 5, \u0130stanbul, 1994;\u00a0Nugzar Dzhodzhua (\u00c7eviren: Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz), \u201cBen Bir Megrelim\u201d, Ogni K\u00fclt\u00fcr Dergisi, Say\u0131 6, \u0130stanbul, 1994\/ kolkhoba.org;\u00a0Oktay \u00c7kotua, \u201cMegrellerin de dillerine, k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerine ve ulusal kimliklerine sahip \u00e7\u0131kacaklar\u0131na inan\u0131yorum!\u201d, sonhaber.ch, 8 IV 2021; \u00d6nder Acar, \u201cO\u00e7am\u00e7ire\u2019deki Laz Okulu\u2019nda da \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f anneannem!\u201d, gurcuhaber.com, 9 IV 2020\/ circassiancenter.com; Parna- Beka \u00c7ila\u015fvili, \u201cT\u00fcrkiyede G\u00fcrc\u00fcler ve Lazlar, iki dergi ve iki \u00f6nder\u201d, tetripiala.wordpress.com, 11 IX 2019;\u00a0\u00a0Ronald Wixman (\u00c7eviren: Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz), \u201cSovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nde Etnik Kimlik\u201d, Kafkasya Yaz\u0131lar\u0131, Say\u0131 7, \u00c7iviyaz\u0131lar\u0131 Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul, 1999; Stefanos Yerasimos, \u201cMilliyetler ve S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u201d, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1994; Stefanos Yerasimos, \u201cKurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda T\u00fcrk- Sovyet \u0130li\u015fkileri (1917- 1923)\u201d, Boyut Yay\u0131n Grubu, \u0130stanbul, 2000; Sefer E. Berzeg, \u201cKuzey Kafkasya Cumhuriyeti\/ 1917- 1922\/ 1-2-3\u201d, Birle\u015fik Kafkasya Derne\u011fi Yay\u0131n\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2003, 2004, 2006;\u00a0\u00a0S\u00fcleyman Nuri, \u201cUyanan Esirler\/ \u00c7anakkale Siperlerinden TKP Y\u00f6netimine\u201d, T\u00fcstav Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2002;\u00a0Yahbab Yakalozi (\/ Kutarba Hayri Ersoy), \u201cKolkhida\u2019n\u0131n Yeniden Do\u011fu\u015fu\u201d, Ogni K\u00fclt\u00fcr Dergisi, Say\u0131 2, \u0130stanbul, 1994\/ kolkhoba.org; Y\u0131lmaz Erdo\u011fan, \u201cBizimkiler Sohum\u2019a yerle\u015fmi\u015fler!\u201d, 22 XI 2018, circassiancenter.com; Yura Argun (\u00c7evirenler: Hayri Ersoy ve Yal\u00e7\u0131n Karada\u015f), \u201cAbhazya\u2019da Ya\u015fam ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u201d, Nart Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1990)<\/p>\n +<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201c\u00c7\u0306umeneri nd\u011falepe xe ok\u0306ok\u0306limeri\u00a0\u00a0p\u0306k\u0306idatminonan!\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n (Go\u0292\u0306otkvala: And\u011faneri musafiri \u00e7kimi ren Sel\u00e7uk Simsimi. Sel\u00e7uk Simsimi, gami\u00e7kvineri ketabepe mu\u015fi\u015fen vi\u00e7inop: \u201c19 do 20. O\u015f\u0292\u0306anura\u015fi Abazepe\u015fi P\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306uri Tarixi (1770- 1993)\u201d do \u201cAr \u00c7kva Dobadona Va Mi\u011funan\/ Apxazeti\u015fi Timo\u015fnetinoba\u015fi Lima (1992- 1993)\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0Sel\u00e7uk Simsimi\u015fi jur ketabiti Gamam\u00e7kvale Apra\u015fen kogamaxtu. Maartani ketabi mu\u015fi ti\u015fen k\u0306udeli\u015fa vik\u0306itxi. Aya ketabi xesti komi\u011fun; K\u0306u\u015fba Erolik eya o\u00e7ukare mom\u00e7ereret\u0306u, ar-jur \u0292\u0306ana \u0292\u0306oxle. Majurani ketabi mu\u015fi xes va mi\u011fun mara aya ketabi\u015fen namtini but\u0306k\u0306ape\u015fi fot\u0306ok\u0306op\u0306epe vik\u0306itxeret\u0306i. Sel\u00e7uk Simsimi k\u0306ala ar int\u0306erviu dop\u0306i; biyografi mu\u015fi\u015fen, no\u00e7ali\u015fepe mu\u015fi\u015fen do Abxazeti\u015fi and\u011faneri xali\u015fen b\u011far\u011falit. Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi)<\/p>\n +<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi<\/strong>: Sel\u00e7uk begi, tkvanti ginonanna, biyografi tkvani\u015fen molami\u015finit do int\u0306ervius e\u015fo gevo\u00e7\u0306k\u0306at. U\u00e7veri p\u0306ap\u0306ulepe tkvani mundes Apxazeti\u015fi namu no\u011fa\u015fen Anat\u0306olia\u015fa moxterenan? Tkvan nak\u0306otxani jenerasyoni\u015fen ret?\u00a0\u00a0So do mundes dibadit? Namu n\u0292\u0306opulapes igurit? A\u0292\u0306i so skidut do mu dulya ikipt? \u00c7ileri reti? Berepe giqonunani? Turkuli nena\u015f gale, namu nenape gi\u00e7kinan?<\/p>\n Sel\u00e7uk Simsimi<\/strong>: Xelak\u0306aoba, Ali \u0130hsan begi. P\u0306ap\u0306ulepe \u00e7kimi Abazepe\u015fi etnografiuri lamtinalepe\u015fen Sa\u017eepe\u015fen\/ Cikepe\u015fen moxtimeri renan.\u00a0\u00a0And\u011faneri Bzipi do Host\u0306a coxoni \u011falepe\u015fi \u015fkas dixape\u015fen, mcve\u015fi coxo mu\u015fiten \u00c7\u0306it\u0306a Apxazeti\u015fi dixape\u015fen mendi\u00e7kvinerenan Anat\u0306olia\u015fa, 1864 \u0292\u0306anas. Ma maxutani jenerasyoni\u015fen vore. 1974 \u0292\u0306anas Holandias dovibadi. Ge\u00e7\u0306k\u0306apuroni n\u0292\u0306opula\u015fi ar no\u0292\u0306ile Holandias, majura dido no\u0292\u0306ileti Turkiyes doviguri. Universit\u0306et\u0306i\u015fi gurapa-gamantanati no\u011fa Sakarya doviguri. Mamgurapale vore mara eya dulya va vikip ma. No\u011fa Sakarya- Akyazis ticareti\u015f dulya vikip. \u00c7ileri va vore. Turkuli nena\u015fi gale, arm\u0292ika Felemenk\u0306uri nena, arm\u0292ikati Abazuri nena ma\u011far\u011falen.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi<\/strong>:\u00a0\u00a0Maartani ketabi tkvani, \u201c19 do 20. O\u015f\u0292\u0306anura\u015fi Abazepe\u015fi P\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306uri Tarixi (1770- 1993)\u201d coxoni ketabi tkvani gami\u00e7kvinu 2016 \u0292\u0306anas. Aya ketabi tkvani mundes o\u00e7\u0306arus geo\u00e7\u0306k\u0306it? Muk\u0306o t\u0306irajiten gami\u00e7kvinu aya no\u00e7ali\u015fe tkvani? Aya ketabi tkvani doba\u011fineri in\u00e7\u0306elinui? Edo eya n\u00e7\u0306ela mok\u0306\u0292\u0306ondesi? Ketabi tkvani \u00e7kva nenape\u015fa goiktirinui?<\/p>\n Sel\u00e7uk Simsimi<\/strong>: No\u00e7ali\u00e7es kogevo\u00e7\u0306k\u0306i 2012 \u0292\u0306anas. No\u00e7ali\u015fepe \u00e7kimi ar- jur go\u00e7kvaneri speros vikip ma. Aya sperope\u015fen maartaniten,\u00a0\u00a0\u201c19 do 20. O\u015f\u0292\u0306anura\u015fi Abazepe\u015fi P\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306uri Tarixi (1770- 1993)\u201d coxoni ketabi \u00e7kimi gami\u00e7kvinu 2016 \u0292\u0306anas. Maartani ketabi \u00e7kimi ma\u011fali t\u0306irajiten jur fara gami\u00e7kvinu. Aya ketabi \u00e7kimi milletis o\u00e7inapu \u015feniti Turkiye\u015fi dido no\u011fape do oput\u0306epes organizasyonepe i\u0292\u0306opxinu. Apxazetisti o\u00e7inapu\u015fi organizasyoni ixor\u0292elinu. Emu\u015feniti eya n\u00e7\u0306ela dido mom\u0292\u0306ondu do dido vixeli ma. Maartani ketabi \u00e7kimi a\u0292\u0306i\u015fa majura nenape\u015fa va goiktirinu do e\u015fo va gami\u00e7kvinu.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi:\u00a0<\/strong>Majurani ketabi tkvani ren \u201cAr \u00c7kva Dobadona Va Mi\u011funan\/ Apxazeti\u015fi Timo\u015fnetinoba\u015fi Lima (1992- 1993)\u201d. Aya ketabi tkvaniti Gamam\u00e7kvale Apra\u015fen kogamaxtu; aya komi\u00e7kin. Mara aya ketabi tkvani xes va mi\u011fun. Edo ti\u015fen k\u0306udeli\u015fa va mak\u0306itxu eya. Mara ketabi tkvani\u015fen xvala namtini but\u0306k\u0306ape\u015fi fot\u0306ok\u0306op\u0306epe xes komi\u011fun do xvala eya but\u0306k\u0306ape vik\u0306itxeret\u0306i. Mundes gami\u00e7kvinu aya ketabi tkvani? Aya ketabi tkvani mundes o\u00e7\u0306arus geo\u00e7\u0306k\u0306it? Ketabis muk\u0306o but\u0306k\u0306a ge\u017ein? Akoni Apxaz- Abazepek ketabi tkvani doba\u011fineri in\u00e7\u0306elesi? Aya ketabi tkvani, \u00e7kva nenape\u015fa goiktirinui?<\/p>\n Sel\u00e7uk Simsimi<\/strong>: \u201cAr \u00c7kva Dobadona Va Mi\u011funan\/ Apxazeti\u015fi Dudmo\u015fnetinoba\u015fi Lima (1992- 1993)\u201d coxoni ketabi \u00e7kimi\u015fi o\u00e7\u0306arus 2016 \u0292\u0306ana\u015fen \u0292\u0306oxle kogevo\u00e7\u0306k\u0306eret\u0306i. Maartani ketabi \u00e7kimi gami\u00e7kvinu\u015fi, aya ketabi o\u00e7odinu \u015feni \u015furdoguriten dovi\u00e7ali\u015fi ma. Edo gami\u00e7kvinu 2018 \u0292\u0306anas. Jur ketabi \u00e7kimiti Gamam\u00e7kvale Apra\u015fen kogamaxtu. Ketabis ge\u017ein 727 but\u0306k\u0306a; Apxeziti\u015fi Dudmo\u015fnetinoba\u015fi Lima ti\u015fen k\u0306udeli\u015fa rabisk\u0306epeten, lima\u015fen \u0292\u0306oxleni do uk\u0306uleni orape gak\u0306itxenan. Aya ketabik Apxazeti\u015fi hak\u0306onoba mtelis gamognapaps do Kortu oktalape\u015fi m\u0292udi tarixi\u015f teoriepesti nena guktiraps. Aya ketabi \u00e7kimiti maartani ketabi \u00e7kimi steri dido in\u00e7\u0306elinu.\u00a0\u00a0\u00c7kvado\u00e7kva no\u011fape do oput\u0306epes o\u00e7inapu\u015fi organizasyonepe i\u0292\u0306opxinu. Ketabi \u00e7kimi Abazuri nena\u015fa guiktirinu. Mara p\u0306andemi\u015fi sebebiten, ketabi\u015fi Abazuri versiyoni a\u0292\u0306i\u015fa va gami\u00e7kvinu. P\u0306andemi di\u00e7oda\u015fi, ketabi\u015fi Abazuri versiyoni\u015fi o\u00e7inapu Apxazetisti\u00a0\u00a0ixor\u0292elinasunon.\u00a0\u00a0Ketabi\u015fi mon\u017eineri do xampineri majurani versiyoni p\u0306andemi\u015fi sebebiten a\u0292\u0306i xes e\u015fo p\u015finaxup ma.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi:\u00a0<\/strong>Akoni namtini Apxaz- Abaza gamantanerepe tkvanik xalk\u0306i tkvanis Apxazi ucoxopan, namtini Apxaz- Abaza gamantanerepekti xalk\u0306i tkvanis Abaza ucoxopan. Namu coxo majura\u015fen moxva ren? Tkvan mu izmont?<\/p>\n Sel\u00e7uk Simsimi<\/strong>: Ho, ma eya gi\u0292\u0306vat. Apxazetis naskidunanpek dudi-mutepe\u015fis \u201cApsuva\u201d, dobadona mutepe\u015fisti \u201cApsni\u201d ucoxopan.\u00a0Roma\u00a0do Bizanst\u0306ia\u015fi\u00a0orape\u015fen genomskide \u00e7\u0306areli rabisk\u0306apes mola\u015fineri ant\u0306ik\u0306uri ora\u015fi lamtinalepe \u00e7kini\u015fen \u201cAbazgepes\u201d man\u017eagerepe mutepe\u015fik \u201cApxazi\/Abxazi\u201d ucoxopt\u0306es. Abazgepek naskidut\u0306es \u201cAbazgiasti\u201d \u201cApxazeti\/Abxazeti\u201d ucoxupt\u0306es.\u00a0\u201cApxazi\/Abxazi\u201d do \u201cApxazeti\/Abxazeti\u201d, artneri xaliten Kortuli nena\u015fa amaxteren. Edo e\u015fotenti dunya\u015fi nenape\u015fa amaxteren. Aya coxo Rusepe\u015fi k\u0306elenti ixmarineren; akoni mteli xalk\u0306is \u201cApxazi\u201d, dobadona mutepe\u015fisti \u201cAbxazia\u201d ucoxopt\u0306es.<\/p>\n Kortupek Apxazetis man\u017eegerepe mutepe\u015fis \u201cApxazi\u201d ucoxes\u015fk\u0306ule, Rusuli nenas naixmarinen milliyet\u0306oba\u015fi sufiksiten \u201cAbazin\u201d iqveren aya coxo. Edo aya coxo ixmarineren O\u00e7ildre K\u0306afk\u0306asyas\u00a0di\u0292xirim\u015finepe \u00e7kini\u015fen \u201cA\u015fuva\u201d do \u201cA\u015fkaruva\u201d \u015feni.<\/p>\n Turkiyes diasp\u0306oras, dido mcve\u015fi ora\u015fen doni xalk\u0306i \u00e7kinis \u201cAbaza\u201d ucoxupt\u0306es. Turkuli do Arap\u0306uri \u00e7\u0306areli rabisk\u0306apekti ar cinci\u015fen moxtimeri Apsuva, A\u015fuva do A\u015fkaruvapes \u201cAbaza\u201d ucoxupt\u0306es. Aya ren akonerepe\u015fi o\u015fkaruli coxo.<\/p>\n Apxazeti\u015fi dudmo\u015fletinoba\u015fi lima\u015fi morgvalis do ek\u0306uleni orapes,\u00a0\u00a0\u201cAbxazia\u201d do \u201cAbxazi\u201d ixmarinu Turkiyes diasp\u0306orasti. 2008 \u0292\u0306anas, Rusya\u015fi Federasyonik Abxazia\u015fi Cumhuriyeti di\u00e7inu\u015fi, \u201cAbxazia\u201d do \u201cAbxazi\u201d-\u015fi oxmaru \u0292\u0306oxleneri\u015fen dido goint\u0306alu. Diasp\u0306oras gamantanerepekti amuten dudi-mutepe\u015fi\u015fi jargoni do\u0292\u0306opxes.<\/p>\n Turkiyes diasp\u0306oras, no\u00e7\u0306are do ok\u0306o\u00e7\u0306arus\u00a0\u00a0Apsuva, A\u015fkaruva do A\u015fuva\u015fi o\u015fkaruli coxo, \u201cAbaza\u201d vixmar ma. Emu\u015feniti a\u0292\u0306i\u015fk\u0306ule aya aya coxo, \u201cAbaza\u201d vixmaraminon int\u0306ervius.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi<\/strong>: Apxazeti st\u0306rat\u0306ejiuli becitabo nau\u011fun dixape\u015fi art-arti ren. Apxazeti\u015fi tarixi dido xampa ren. Roma\u015fi \u0130mp\u0306eria\u015fi, Bizant\u0306ia\u015fi \u0130mp\u0306eria\u015fi, Sel\u00e7uk\u0306epe\u015fi \u0130mp\u0306eria\u015fi, Cenevizarepe\u015fi, Osmaneti\u015fi \u0130mp\u0306eria\u015fi, \u0292aroba\u015fi Rusya\u015fi, Sovyeturi Oxen\u0292ale\u015fi tarixepe\u015fi dido beciti no\u0292\u0306ilepe\u015fi art-arti ren a\u0292\u0306ineri Apxazeti. Apxazeti\u015fi sinorepeti xvala a\u0292\u0306ineri sinorepe k\u0306onari va rt\u0306u. Ar orapes, Apxazeti rt\u0306u K\u0306olxeti\/ Lazik\u0306a\/ Egrisi. A\u0292\u0306ineri Omjore-Gyulva K\u0306afk\u0306asyati Apxazeti rt\u0306u. Emu\u015feniti a\u0292\u0306ineri Apxazeti xvala Apxazepe\u015fi var, Margalepe\u015fi, Svanepe\u015fi, Lazepe\u015fi, Kortupe\u015fiti dobadona ren. Xvala am xalk\u0306epe\u015fi var, Rusepe\u015fi, Xem\u015finlepe\u015fi, Turkepe\u015fi, Urumepe\u015fi do majura xalk\u0306epe\u015fiti dobadona ren Apxazeti.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Apxazepe\u015fi tarixi, Apxazeti\u015fa \u0292\u0306oxle\u015fen vana uk\u0306a\u00e7xe dobargeri xalk\u0306epe\u015fi tarixepe\u015fi doloxe \u015finaxeri ren. Edo am xalk\u0306epe\u015fi\u00a0\u00a0tarixepeti\u00a0\u00a0Apxazepe\u015fi tarixi\u015fi doloxe \u015finaxeri ren. Emu\u015feniti mati Apxazetis \u015furepe\u015fi dobadona vucoxop.\u00a0\u00a0Apxazetis a\u0292\u0306i naskidunan mteli xalk\u0306epes dido o\u015fkaruli \u011fira ku\u011funan. Mara Apxazepe do Margalepes \u00e7kva dido o\u015fkaruli k\u0306ult\u0306uruli \u011fira ku\u011funan. O\u015fkaruli o\u00e7\u0306k\u0306omu-o\u015fumu\u015fi k\u0306ult\u0306uri ku\u011funan. O\u015fkaruli gvarepeti ku\u011funan. Emu\u015feniti Apxazepe Margalepe\u015fen, Margalepeti Apxazepe\u015fen ok\u0306o\u0292\u0306k\u0306u \u00e7k\u0306ua\u015fi dulya va ren. Apxazeti\u015fi a\u0292\u0306ineri majura xalk\u0306epeti Apxazi do Margalepe\u015fen ok\u0306o\u0292\u0306k\u0306uti \u00e7k\u0306ua\u015fi dulya va ren Tkvan mu izmont?<\/p>\n Sel\u00e7uk Simsimi<\/strong>: Jeo- p\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306uri do jeo- st\u0306rat\u0306ejiuli xali mu\u015fi sebebiten, Apxazeti\u015fi dixas irote becitoba ku\u011fun tarixi\u015fi morgvalis. Emu\u015feniti xe\u0292alepe mutepe\u015fi ok\u0306ap\u0306et\u0306anu \u015feni didi imp\u0306eriapes irote Apxazeti\u015fi dixa\u015fa toli ku\u011fut\u0306es. Tkvan namolami\u015finit didi imp\u0306eriape\u015fi doloxe P\u0306ersepe, Arap\u0306epe, Mo\u011folepeti koren; entepe\u015fi coxope\u015fenti molap\u015finat. Mteli imp\u0306eriape\u015fi aya t\u0306erit\u0306oryas renobak \u00e7kin p\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306uri, ek\u0306onomiuri, sosyaluri do k\u0306ult\u0306uruli munasebet\u0306epe komomi\u011fes. Tarixi naoxampapsti, mteli aya unsure\u015fi doloxe \u015finaxeri naren aya det\u0306ayi va reni?<\/p>\n Tkvan namolami\u015finit maanaten \u201csinori\u201d k\u0306o\u00e7i\u015fen k\u0306o\u00e7\u0306i\u015fa go\u00e7kvaneri ren, a\u015fo visimadep ma. Namu p\u0306eriodi\u015fen do namu p\u0306ersp\u0306ek\u0306tifi\u015fen \u017eiroptna, eya xali\u015fa mek\u0306ireli ren aya. Tarixi\u015fi doloxe Apxazetis ku\u011fut\u0306u a\u0292\u0306ineri\u015fen \u00e7kva \u00e7\u0306it\u0306a p\u0306olit\u0306ikuri sinorepeti, a\u0292\u0306ineri\u015fen \u00e7kva dido p\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306uri sinorepeti ku\u011fut\u0306u. Lazi\/ Margalepe \u015feniti aya xali matkvenan. Etnik\u0306uri sinorepe do p\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306uri sinorepe irote artneri va iqven. A\u0292\u0306ineri Apxazetis, ma-19 o\u015f\u0292\u0306anuras etnik\u0306uri sinorepe mu\u015fi\u015fen, \u00e7kva \u00e7\u0306it\u0306a etnik\u0306uri do \u00e7kva \u00e7\u0306it\u0306a sinorepe ku\u011fun. Mara tarixuri rabisk\u0306apek mo\u0292\u0306irapan, Apxazeti rt\u0306u Abazapek etnik\u0306uri didonobaten irote naskidut\u0306es dobadona. 1810- 1878 \u0292\u0306anape\u015fi doloxe Abazepek naskidut\u0306es dixape\u015fen vito\u015fepeten k\u0306o\u00e7i\u00a0\u00a0mendi\u00e7kvinu do ek e\u00e7idoovro vito\u015fi k\u0306o\u00e7i doskideret\u0306u. \u00c7\u0306areli mcve\u015fi\u00a0\u00a0rabisk\u0306ape\u015fi \u00e7kinapaten b\u011far\u011falap ma. Uk\u0306ule Abazape mendi\u00e7kvinu\u015fi,\u00a0\u00a0Apxazeti\u015fi eya uk\u0306o\u00e7eli dixape\u015fa Kortupe do Rusepek dibardes. Edo Kortu do Rusepe\u015fi aya k\u0306olonizasyoni k\u0306aixe\u015fa i\u017eiren\u00a0\u00a0\u0292\u0306oxleni- uk\u0306uleni \u0292\u0306anapes \u00e7\u0306areli maxoroba\u015fen ambaroni ofi\u0292ialuri rabisk\u0306ape\u015fenti.<\/p>\n Tkvanti nagi\u00e7kinan steri, gin\u017ee ora\u015f morgvalis U\u00e7amzo\u011fa\u015fi Gyulva t\u0306erit\u0306oryati mtelo\u00a0\u00a0K\u0306olxida\u015fi k\u0306ult\u0306uri\u015fi doloxe rt\u0306u. K\u0306olxida\u015fi k\u0306ult\u0306uri na\u0292\u0306opxupt\u0306u etno-p\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306uri xalk\u0306epe\u015fi \u015fkas Abaza cinconi xalk\u0306epe (Apsili, Abazgi, Misimyani, Sanigi) k\u0306ala Egrisi-Lazik\u0306a cinconi xalk\u0306epeti kort\u0306u. Jur k\u0306elek emd\u011falepe\u015fi xaliten artimajura k\u0306ala cumaloba o\u011foderen gin\u017ee oras askeruli, p\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306uri speros.\u00a0\u00a0Edo Roma, Bizant\u0306ia, P\u0306ersia\u015fi ekoni p\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306ape\u015fa artot nodgites Abazape do Margalepek.<\/p>\n Abaza cinconi xalk\u0306epe, namtini orapes, p\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306uri menda\u0292\u0306k\u0306omiluten Egrisi\u015fi doloxe rt\u0306es. Namtini orapes aya artoba go\u015fib\u011fu. Mara Abazepekti, Egrisi\u015fi xalk\u0306epekti dudi- mo\u015fletinobape mutepe\u015fi \u015feniti artot ok\u0306vak\u0306ides. Namtini orapes Abazepek Egrisiti dixa do xe\u0292ala mutepe\u015fis dolok\u0306atupt\u0306es. Aya p\u0306eriodepe\u015fi morgvalisti, jur k\u0306ele\u015fi sinorepe\u00a0\u00a0i\u00e7\u0306it\u0306aneren vana im\u00e7iraneren. And\u011faneri nd\u011fas, \u00c7kar mitis cedveliten eya sinorepe ozimu do idias amaxtimu\u015fi \u015fansi va u\u011fun. Mara gur-\u0292\u0306onk\u0306imerobaten m\u0292xade matkvenan: Lazi\/ Margalepe do Abazepe aya dixape\u015fi svalyari xalk\u0306epe renan do dido mcve\u015fi orape\u015fen doni\u00a0\u00a0man\u017eageroba do cumaloba ku\u011funan. Lazi\/ Margali xalk\u0306i Abazepe\u015fi artneri cinci\u015fen, nena\u015f artoba\u015fen do k\u0306ult\u0306uri\u015f artoba\u015fen moxtimeri va renan mara Abazepe\u015fi iri\u015fen mcve\u015fi man\u017eerepe\u015fen arteri renan. Xalk\u0306epe\u015fi man\u017eageroba, artneri birapa artot obirus nungaps. Namtini orapes aya birapas harmoni va u\u011funtina, dido oras harmoniuli ren aya birapa. Mara \u00e7kini\u015fi steri, didi imp\u0306eriape\u015fi lima\u015f dixa\u015fa nakonikteren ar t\u0306erit\u0306oryas skidina, aya birapa k\u0306oroten artot obiru g\u00e7\u0306irs. Xoloti tarixik aya tezi \u00e7kinis numxvacups. \u0130mp\u0306eriape\u015fi ok\u0306ok\u0306idinupe\u015fi doloxe doskideri Abazepe do Lazi\/ Margalepek artimajuras \u015fvela ak\u0306vanderenan do artimajurasti nu\u015fvelerenan. Artneri xali, man\u017eagerepe \u00e7kini \u00c7erkesepe \u015feniti e\u015fo ren. Edo xolo \u00c7erkesepe k\u0306ala etnik\u0306uri, nena-k\u0306ult\u0306uruli artonoba komi\u011funan \u00e7kin.<\/p>\n Artimajura\u015fi tarixepes, k\u0306ult\u0306urepes, nenapes, mk\u0306ule nenaten artimajura\u015fi renobas hurmet\u0306i o\u011foduten o\u015fkaruli \u011firape ye\u00e7kindasunon, a\u015fo vicer ma. \u015eurim\u015finepe\u015fi dixa naren \u015furepe\u015fi dobadona Apxazetis muepe oxvenu dva\u00e7\u0306irsna, eya qvasinon, ti\u015fen k\u0306udeli\u015f e\u015fo vicer ma.<\/p>\n Yulva Apxazeti do Samargalo\u015fi dixapes o\u015fkaruli sinori nau\u011fut\u0306u \u015feni, aya xalik irote nu\u015fveleren k\u0306ai man\u017eageroba\u015fi odidanus. Moro, man\u017eagerobas k\u0306ult\u0306uruli ok\u0306otesiruti iqven. O\u00e7ilu- okimocuten mzaxalobati ye\u00e7kinderen. O\u015fkaruli gvarepeti ye\u00e7kinderen. Didopeten Yulva Apxazeti\u015fen namtini gvarepe Margalepe\u015fi doloxe i\u017eiren, Gyulva Samargalo\u015fen namtini gvarepeti Abazepe\u015fi doloxe i\u017eiren; aya ren k\u0306ult\u0306uruli ok\u0306otesiru. Aya ren demografiuri do k\u0306ult\u0306uruli xampoba, a\u015fo vizmon ma.<\/p>\n Di\u0292xirim\u015finoba\u015fen xolo molagi\u015finat: Mteli xalk\u0306epes dudi-mutepe\u015fi\u015fi di\u0292xirim\u015finoba\u015fi k\u0306arak\u0306t\u0306erist\u0306uri doxmeloba ku\u011funan. Abazepe\u015fi di\u0292xirim\u015finepesti dudi mutepe\u015fi\u00a0\u00a0di\u0292xirim\u015finoba\u015fi\u00a0\u00a0k\u0306arak\u0306t\u0306erist\u0306uri doxmeloba do tarixuri m\u0292xadoba ku\u011funan. Aya di\u0292xirim\u015fimepek Azhvala (artneri cinconoba), Aye\u015fara (cumaloba) do Abiparalardan (Arteri baba\u015fi motalepe) \u0292\u0306opxupan. Aya m\u0292xade o\u017eiramu navaunonan namtini k\u0306erk\u0306elepe do namtini k\u0306o\u00e7epek m\u0292udi di\u0292xirim\u015finobaten majura k\u0306o\u00e7epe mo\u011ferdinapan. \u201cAbazepe\u015fi di\u0292xirim\u015fenepe didopeten Kortu cinconi ren\u201d yado otkvaluk aya no\u011firas nu\u015fvels. Ma-19 do ma-20 o\u015f\u0292\u0306anurepes k\u0306oloniast\u0306epe\u015fi dobarginu\u015fi p\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306epeten Apxazeti\u015fi demografya ti\u015fen k\u0306udeli\u015fa iktiru. Emu\u015fen feide o\u017eiramu naunt\u0306u Tiflisi\u015fi k\u0306udeli Kortu p\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306osepe, ist\u0306orik\u0306osepe, m\u00e7\u0306aru do jurnalist\u0306epek xalk\u0306i mutepe\u015fis do mteli dunyas p\u0306ropaganda doqves. \u201cApxazeti ren Gurcistani\u015fi\u00a0\u00a0no\u0292\u0306ile ren, Kortupe\u015fi tarixuri dixa ren\u201d\u00a0\u00a0yado udodginu p\u0306ropaganda oxvenus kogeo\u00e7\u0306k\u0306es. \u0130diape mutepe\u015fi m\u0292xade o\u0292\u0306iramu \u015feniti, Apxazeti\u015fi lima\u015f \u0292\u0306oxleni demografiuri xali o\u0292\u0306ires entepek. \u201cAbazepe\u015fi ar no\u0292\u0306ile O\u00e7ildre K\u0306afk\u0306asya\u015fen Apxazeti\u015fa ma-17 o\u015f\u0292\u0306anuras gextu (Ingorok\u0306va\u015fi teori), entepe\u015fen ar no\u0292\u0306ileti Kortu cinconi rt\u0306u\u201d yado idia oxvenus kogeo\u00e7\u0306k\u0306es. Entepe Kortu cinconi nart\u0306u\u015fi tezis omxvacu \u015feniti udodginu di\u0292xirim\u015finepe\u015fen manipulasyoni nao\u011fodapt\u0306u ketabepe, mak\u0306alepe, no\u00e7\u0306arepe\u015fi gamo\u00e7kvus kogeo\u00e7\u0306k\u0306es. And\u011faneri nd\u011fas, na\u00e7\u0306vaten b\u017eiropt: Turkiyes namtini k\u0306erk\u0306elepek aya m\u0292udi no\u00e7\u0306ape ixmarnan. Aya k\u0306erk\u0306elepe\u015fi m\u0292udis mo nusiminit.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi<\/strong>: And\u011faneri nd\u011fas xvala ar- jur oxen\u0292alek i\u00e7inops Apxazeti\u015fi Cumhuriyeti. Turkiye\u015fi Cumhuriyeti\u015fi dudmaxvance\u015fi dudk\u0306onsult\u0306ant\u0306i Yal\u00e7in Top\u00e7uk Apxazeti vi\u00e7inatminonanya tkveret\u0306u 2015 \u0292\u0306anas.\u00a0Apxazeti\u015fi Ek\u0306onomi\u015f Naziri Adgur Ar\u017einbak mok\u0306itxeret\u0306u Vatan Part\u0306i\u015fi go\u0292\u0306onc\u011foneri Do\u011fu Perin\u00e7eki 2019 \u0292\u0306anas. Perin\u00e7ekikti Adgur Ar\u017einba\u015fi xeten, Apxazeti\u015fi Dudmaxvance Raul Xacimbas ar kart\u0306ali nunc\u011foneret\u0306u. Perin\u00e7ekik otxo beciti ambari\u015fen mola\u015finapt\u0306u kart\u0306ali mu\u015fis: \u201cTurkiye\u015fi Cumhuriyetik i\u00e7inasunon Apxazeti\u015fi Oxen\u0292ale. Rusya\u015fi Federasyonik do Apxazeti\u015fi Cumhuriyetik i\u00e7inasunon\u00a0Olande K\u0306ip\u0306risi\u015fi Turkuli Cumhuriyeti.\u00a0K\u0306irimi ren Rusya\u015fi Federasyoni\u015fi dixa yado gonk\u0306vatasunon\u00a0Turkiye\u015fi Cumhuriyetik do\u00a0Olande K\u0306ip\u0306risi\u015fi Turkuli Cumhuriyetik. K\u0306araba\u011fis Ermenistani\u015fi xegedva o\u00e7odinu \u015feni Rusya\u015fi Federasyonik do Apxazeti\u015fi Cumhuriyetik gzalepe gorasunon.\u201d Tkvan mu izmont?<\/p>\n Sel\u00e7uk Simsimi<\/strong>: Sovyeturi oxen\u0292ale dilixvu\u015fk\u0306ule, dudmo\u015fletinoba mu\u015fi nagamognapu, Gurcistani k\u0306ala ok\u0306ok\u0306idinu\u015fen \u00e7kva gza navaduskidu do uk\u0306uleti Dudmo\u015fletineri Oxen\u0292alepe\u015fi ambargo nako\u017eiru Apxazetik me\u00e7\u0306ireli mucadele \u00e7kar va na\u015fkvu do k\u0306u\u00e7xepe mu\u015fi\u015f jin dvadgineret\u0306u. Amerik\u0306a\u015fi Ok\u0306ont\u0306aleri Oxen\u0292ale\u015fi askeruli omxvacuten, Kortuli armiak, 2008 \u0292\u0306anas, Omjore Oseti do Apxazetis xe gedvalu unt\u0306u\u015fi, nakogeo\u00e7\u0306k\u0306u oraten Rusya\u015fi Federasyonik Apxazeti di\u00e7inu.<\/p>\n Dudmo\u015fletineri do xemo\u015fletineri ar oxen\u0292ale naren Apxazeti\u015fi Cumhuriyetis p\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306uro Turkiye\u015fi Cumhuriyeti k\u0306ala munasepetepe mu\u015fi mon\u017einu do a\u011fani xincepe ok\u0306idu\u015fi hak\u0306i ku\u011fun. Turkiye\u015fi Cumhuriyeti k\u0306ala Apxazeti\u015fi Cumhuriyeti tarixuro, ek\u0306onomik\u0306uro, k\u0306ult\u0306urulo munasebetepe naku\u011funan U\u00e7amzo\u011fa\u015fa man\u017eageri jur dobadona renan. Aya jur dobadona\u015fi p\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306uro xe\u0292ala, muxalefet\u0306i vana p\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306uri p\u0306art\u0306epe\u015fi seviyes artimajura k\u0306ala ok\u0306o\u011far\u011falu, akt\u0306epe oxvenu do moxtanora \u015feni p\u0306lanepe\u015fi omordinu ren epto normali.<\/p>\n Apxazeti\u015fi Cumhuriyeti\u015fi, Turkiye\u015fi Cumhuriyetis o\u0292\u0306k\u0306omilu irote p\u0306ozit\u0306iuri iqu. Apxazeti\u015fi P\u0306arlament\u0306ok, 22 X\u0292ala 1992 tari\u011fis dobadona\u015fi dudmo\u015fletinoba gomagnapu\u015fk\u0306ule, gend\u011fanis, Vladislav Ar\u017einba begi Turkiye\u015fa komoxteret\u0306u, aya go\u015finapu minon ma. Vladislav Ar\u017einba begi do heyeti mu\u015fi\u015fi\u00a0\u00a0Turkiye mok\u0306itxuk Apxazeti\u015fi manebra Turkiye\u015fa o\u0292\u0306k\u0306omilu mo\u0292\u0306irapan. Emd\u011fa\u015fen and\u011fa\u015fakis Apxaz k\u0306eles Turkiye\u015fa artneri o\u0292\u0306k\u0306omilu ku\u011fun; mutu va iktiru.<\/p>\n Apxazeti\u015fi Cumhuriyeti\u015fi ar \u0292\u0306oxleni dudmaxvance Raul Hacimba begi k\u0306ala Vatan P\u0306art\u0306i\u015fi\u00a0go\u0292\u0306onc\u011foneri\u00a0Do\u011fu Perin\u00e7ek be\u011fi\u015fi \u015fkas nage\u00e7\u0306k\u0306u jur k\u0306eloni munasebetepes niqoninen Apxazeti\u015fi a\u0292\u0306ineri dudmaxvance Aslan Bjania\u015fi xe\u0292alasti.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Jur k\u0306ele\u015fi heyetepek temasepes naqonupan, dva\u00e7\u0306ironi dulyape ikipan, aya komi\u00e7kin ma.\u00a0\u00a0Jur dobadona\u015fi coxoten, amk\u0306ata p\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306uri temasepe pelaperi p\u015finap. Aya xali xoloti naqonasunon, e\u015fo mep\u015fven ma.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi:\u00a0<\/strong>A\u011fani no\u00e7ali\u015fepe gi\u011funani? Pukironi ambarepe gi\u011funani \u00e7kinda?<\/p>\n Sel\u00e7uk Simsimi<\/strong>:\u00a0\u00a0A\u0292\u0306i jur go\u00e7kvaneri spero\u015fen ketabi o\u00e7\u0306aru \u015feni pxazirop do arkivepes go\u015fobgorup ma. No\u00e7ali\u015fepe \u00e7kimi\u015fen arteri ren\u00a0\u00a0\u201cMcve\u015fi Dropes Abazepe\u015fi Tarixi\u201d. Majurati ren \u201cTurkiyes Diasp\u0306oras Abazepe\u015fi Obargalepe\u201d. Allahik menceli mom\u00e7una, \u201cMcve\u015fi Dropes Abazepe\u015fi Tarixi\u201d coxoni masumani no\u00e7ali\u015fe \u00e7kimi gami\u00e7kvinasunon 2022 \u0292\u0306ana\u015fi doloxe, e\u015fo mep\u015fven.<\/p>\n Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi:\u00a0<\/strong>Sel\u00e7uk begi, ma aya int\u0306erviu \u015feni dido \u015fukuri go\u011fodapt. \u00c7kva k\u0306itxala va mi\u011fun. Mara tkvan otkvalu\u015fi \u00e7kva nenape vana mesajepe gi\u011funanna, mu iqven, entepeti mi\u0292\u0306vit. Pimpili dixa\u015fa!<\/p>\n Sel\u00e7uk Simsimi<\/strong>: Mtini gi\u0292\u0306vat, aya int\u0306erviu \u015feni namicoxit \u015feni man tkvanda \u015fukuri o\u011fodu minon. Abaza do Lazi\/ Margali xalk\u0306i dido mcve\u015fi manebrepe renan. Artneri dixapes artimajura\u015fa men\u0292axeri voret, aya vicer ma. Artimajuras hurmet\u0306i o\u011foduten, omxvacuten,\u00a0\u00a0K\u0306afk\u0306asyas \u00e7kini renoba namoivarups gagnapa\u015fa nodgituten \u00e7\u0306umeneri nd\u011falepe xe ok\u0306ok\u0306limeri p\u0306k\u0306idatminonan, a\u015fo vicer ma. Ayati otkvalu doma\u00e7\u0306irs:\u00a0\u00a0Lazuri\/ Margaluri minoba va ren ar majura xalk\u0306i\u015fi tudeni minoba. Nena mu\u015fiti ar majura nena\u015fi diyalekt\u0306i va ren.\u00a0\u00a0Aya gagnapaten,\u00a0\u00a0Fa\u015fist\u0306ur- Kartvelist\u0306uri gagnapa\u015fa nodgituten,\u00a0\u00a0Lazi\/ Margalepek minoba, k\u0306ult\u0306uri do nena mutepe\u015fis mancoba qvasunonan, a\u015fo vicer ma. Guris mu\u00e7\u0306o mek\u0306agilapanna, Allahik eya e\u015fo yo\u00e7kindas. Hurmet\u0306i do qoropa \u00e7kimiten.<\/p>\n +<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201c<\/strong>\u10ed\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u10dc\u10d3\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u10ee\u10d4<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u10dd\u10d9\u10dd\u10d9\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u10de\u10d9\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10d7\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong>!\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n (\u10d2\u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0: \u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e1\u10d0\u10f6\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10e9\u10e3\u10e5 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d8. \u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10e9\u10e3\u10e5 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e4: \u201c19 \u10d3\u10dd 20. \u10dd\u10e8\u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8 (1770- 1993)\u201d \u10d3\u10dd \u201c\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\/ \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d0 (1992- 1993)\u201d.\u00a0\u00a0\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10e9\u10e3\u10e5 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10df\u10e3\u10e0 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10e5\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d7\u10e3. \u10db\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d9\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8. \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc; \u10d9\u10e3\u10e8\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e5 \u10d4\u10f2\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e9\u10e3\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3, \u10d0\u10e0-\u10df\u10e3\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10ec\u10dd\u10ee\u10da\u10d4. \u10db\u10d0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc 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\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>:\u00a0\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10e9\u10e3\u10e5\u00a0\u10d1\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8,\u00a0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8\u00a0\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10dc\u10d0,\u00a0\u10d1\u10d8\u10f2\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10f6\u10d8\u00a0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u00a0\u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7\u00a0\u10d3\u10dd\u00a0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e3\u10e1\u00a0\u10d4\u10e8\u10dd\u00a0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d5\u10dd\u10ed\u10d9\u10d0\u10d7.\u00a0\u10e3\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u00a0\u10de\u10d0\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u00a0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u00a0\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u00a0\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u00a0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u00a0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u00a0\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc?\u00a0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u00a0\u10dc\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u00a0\u10df\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10f2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u00a0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7?\u00a0\u00a0\u10e1\u10dd\u00a0\u10d3\u10dd\u00a0\u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e1\u00a0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d7?\u00a0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u00a0\u10dc\u10ec\u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u00a0\u10d8\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7?\u00a0\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u00a0\u10e1\u10dd\u00a0\u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10d7\u00a0\u10d3\u10dd\u00a0\u10db\u10e3\u00a0\u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0\u00a0\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e4\u10d7?\u00a0\u10e9\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u00a0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8?\u00a0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u00a0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e7\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8?\u00a0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u00a0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u00a0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u00a0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u00a0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u00a0\u10d2\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc?<\/p>\n 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\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10e9\u10e3\u10e5<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d8<\/strong>:\u00a0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e9\u10d4\u10e1\u00a0\u10e5\u10dd\u10d2\u10d4\u10d5\u10dd\u10ed\u10d9\u10d8\u00a02012\u00a0\u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1.\u00a0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u00a0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u00a0\u10d0\u10e0-\u00a0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u00a0\u10d2\u10dd\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u00a0\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e1\u00a0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e4\u00a0\u10db\u10d0.\u00a0\u10d0\u10f2\u10d0\u00a0\u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u00a0\u10db\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc,\u00a0\u00a0\u201c19\u00a0\u10d3\u10dd\u00a020.\u00a0\u10dd\u10e8\u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u00a0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u00a0(1770- 1993)\u201d\u00a0\u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u00a0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u00a0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u00a0\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u00a02016\u00a0\u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1.\u00a0\u10db\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u00a0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u00a0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u00a0\u10db\u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u00a0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10df\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc\u00a0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u00a0\u10f6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u00a0\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3.\u00a0\u10d0\u10f2\u10d0\u00a0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u00a0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u00a0\u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u00a0\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u00a0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u00a0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u00a0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u00a0\u10d3\u10dd\u00a0\u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u00a0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10e1\u10f2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u00a0\u10d8\u10ec\u10dd\u10e4\u10ee\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3.\u00a0\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8\u00a0\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10e1\u10f2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u00a0\u10d8\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3.\u00a0\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u00a0\u10d4\u10f2\u10d0\u00a0\u10dc\u10ed\u10d4\u10da\u10d0\u00a0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u00a0\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u00a0\u10d3\u10dd\u00a0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u00a0\u10d5\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u00a0\u10db\u10d0.\u00a0\u10db\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u00a0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u00a0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u00a0\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0\u00a0\u10db\u10d0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u00a0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0\u00a0\u10d5\u10d0\u00a0\u10d2\u10dd\u10d8\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u00a0\u10d3\u10dd\u00a0\u10d4\u10e8\u10dd\u00a0\u10d5\u10d0\u00a0\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3.<\/p>\n \u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>:\u00a0<\/strong>\u10db\u10d0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u00a0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u00a0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u00a0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u00a0\u201c\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u00a0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u00a0\u10d5\u10d0\u00a0\u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\/\u00a0\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10d7\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u00a0(1992- 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\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10e9\u10e3\u10e5<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d8<\/strong>: \u201c\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u00a0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u00a0\u10d5\u10d0\u00a0\u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\/\u00a0\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10d3\u10e3\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u00a0(1992- 1993)\u201d\u00a0\u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u00a0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u00a0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u00a0\u10dd\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u00a02016\u00a0\u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u00a0\u10ec\u10dd\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u00a0\u10e5\u10dd\u10d2\u10d4\u10d5\u10dd\u10ed\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d8.\u00a0\u10db\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u00a0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u00a0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u00a0\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8,\u00a0\u10d0\u10f2\u10d0\u00a0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u00a0\u10dd\u10e9\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u00a0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u00a0\u10e8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc\u00a0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10db\u10d0.\u00a0\u10d4\u10d3\u10dd\u00a0\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u00a02018\u00a0\u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1.\u00a0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u00a0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u00a0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u00a0\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u00a0\u10d0\u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u00a0\u10e5\u10dd\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d7\u10e3.\u00a0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u00a0\u10d2\u10d4\u10eb\u10d8\u10dc\u00a0727\u00a0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e2\u10d9\u10d0;\u00a0\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d4\u10d6\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10d3\u10e3\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u00a0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u00a0\u10d9\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0\u00a0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc,\u00a0\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u00a0\u10ec\u10dd\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u00a0\u10d3\u10dd\u00a0\u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u00a0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u00a0\u10d2\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc.\u00a0\u10d0\u10f2\u10d0\u00a0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e5\u00a0\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10f0\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u00a0\u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u00a0\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10d2\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e4\u10e1\u00a0\u10d3\u10dd\u00a0\u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u00a0\u10dd\u10e5\u10d7\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10db\u10ea\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u00a0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10e8\u00a0\u10d7\u10d4\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8\u00a0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u00a0\u10d2\u10e3\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10e1.\u00a0\u10d0\u10f2\u10d0\u00a0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u00a0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u00a0\u10db\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u00a0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u00a0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u00a0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u00a0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u00a0\u10d8\u10dc\u10ed\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3.\u00a0\u00a0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u00a0\u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u00a0\u10d3\u10dd\u00a0\u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u00a0\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10e1\u10f2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u00a0\u10d8\u10ec\u10dd\u10e4\u10ee\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3.\u00a0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u00a0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u00a0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u00a0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u00a0\u10d2\u10e3\u10d8\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3.\u00a0\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u00a0\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc,\u00a0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u00a0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10f2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u00a0\u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0\u00a0\u10d5\u10d0\u00a0\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3.\u00a0\u10de\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u00a0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e9\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8,\u00a0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u00a0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10f2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u00a0\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8\u00a0\u00a0\u10d8\u10ee\u10dd\u10e0\u10ea\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc.\u00a0\u00a0\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10eb\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u00a0\u10d3\u10dd\u00a0\u10ee\u10d0\u10db\u10e4\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u00a0\u10db\u10d0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u00a0\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10f2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8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\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>:\u00a0<\/strong>\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u00a0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u00a0\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6-\u00a0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u00a0\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u00a0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e5\u00a0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d8\u00a0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u00a0\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u00a0\u10e3\u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc,\u00a0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u00a0\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6-\u00a0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u00a0\u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8\u00a0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d8\u00a0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u00a0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u00a0\u10e3\u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc.\u00a0\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u00a0\u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u00a0\u10db\u10d0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u00a0\u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u00a0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc?\u00a0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u00a0\u10db\u10e3\u00a0\u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7?<\/p>\n \u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10e9\u10e3\u10e5<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d8<\/strong>:\u00a0\u10f0\u10dd,\u00a0\u10db\u10d0\u00a0\u10d4\u10f2\u10d0\u00a0\u10d2\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7.\u00a0\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u00a0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u00a0\u10d3\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8-\u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1\u00a0\u201c\u10d0\u10e4\u10e1\u10e3\u10d5\u10d0\u201d,\u00a0\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u00a0\u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8\u00a0\u201c\u10d0\u10e4\u10e1\u10dc\u10d8\u201d\u00a0\u10e3\u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc.\u00a0\u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u00a0\u10d3\u10dd\u00a0\u10d1\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u00a0\u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u00a0\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u00a0\u10e0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e1\u10d9\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u00a0\u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u00a0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u00a0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u00a0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u00a0\u201c\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u201d\u00a0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10eb\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u00a0\u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8\u10e5\u00a0\u201c\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\/\u10d0\u10d1\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u201d\u00a0\u10e3\u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10e4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1.\u00a0\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u00a0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u00a0\u201c\u10d0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8\u201d 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\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10d3\u10e3\u10d3\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d2\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u00a0\u10d3\u10dd\u00a0\u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u00a0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1,\u00a0\u00a0\u201c\u10d0\u10d1\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u201d\u00a0\u10d3\u10dd\u00a0\u201c\u10d0\u10d1\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u201d\u00a0\u10d8\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u00a0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10e1\u00a0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1\u10de\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8. 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2008\u00a0\u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1,\u00a0\u10dd\u10db\u10df\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u00a0\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u00a0\u10d3\u10dd\u00a0\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1\u00a0\u10ee\u10d4\u00a0\u10d2\u10d4\u10d3\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u00a0\u10e3\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8,\u00a0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10d2\u10d4\u10dd\u10ed\u10d9\u10e3\u00a0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc\u00a0\u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10f2\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u00a0\u10f6\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10f2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e5\u00a0\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u00a0\u10d3\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3.<\/p>\n 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Selçuk Sımsım’ı yayınlanmış kitaplarından tanıyorum: “19 ve 20. Yüzyıl Abazaların Politik Tarihi (1770- 1993)” ve “Başka Bir Vatanımız Yok\/ Abhazyanın Bağımsızlık Savaşı (1992- 1993)”. Selçuk Sımsım’ın bu iki kitabı da Apra Yayınlarından çıktı. İlk kitabını baştan sona kadar okudum; kitaplığımda da mevcut. Kuşba Erol, birkaç yıl önce 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