\u201cLAZCA YAZAN HER \u0130NSAN \u00d6NEML\u0130\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nGivi G. Kar\u00e7ava:<\/strong> Lazca yazan her insan \u00f6nemli. Ancak Hasan Helimi\u015fi, T\u00fcrkiyeden G\u00fcrcistana ka\u00e7\u0131p geldi\u011fi, yerle\u015fti\u011fi ve burada da \u00e7ok ac\u0131lar \u00e7ekti\u011fi i\u00e7in de \u00f6nemli. Yine de k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7in durmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli. O zaman T\u00fcrkiyede yeni uyanan Laz hareketi, Lazca \u015fiirlerini, tiyatro eserini, tablolar\u0131n\u0131; b\u00f6yle bir hazineyi ba\u015fka bir \u00fclkede bulunca, tabii \u00e7ok k\u0131ymet verdi. Di\u011fer yandan Hasan\u0131n Lazcas\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00fczel. G\u00fczel Lazcayla Lazlar\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 bizlere anlat\u0131yor. Bana sorarsan\u0131z, \u00a0Lazlar\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 bug\u00fcne kadar o derece g\u00fczel kimse anlatamad\u0131. Tablolar\u0131 da \u00e7ok de\u011ferli. Tablolar\u0131yla da Lazlar\u0131n hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 oldu\u011fu gibi bize aktar\u0131yor.<\/p>\nAli \u0130hsan Aksamaz: <\/strong>Siz de biliyorsunuz, Stalin iktidar\u0131 Helimi\u015fi Hasan\u0131 iki defa s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Ancak Helimi\u015fi Hasan, Kru\u015f\u00e7ef i\u00e7in k\u00f6t\u00fc, Stalin i\u00e7in iyi \u015feyler yaz\u0131yor. B\u00f6yle bir \u015fiiri de var. Neden? Siz ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/p>\nGivi G. Kar\u00e7ava<\/strong>: Do\u011frusunu s\u00f6yleyeyim, o \u015fiiri bilmiyorum. Belki okumu\u015flu\u011fum vard\u0131r. Helimi\u015finin kitab\u0131, \u201cMu p\u0306at e skiri\/ Ne yapal\u0131m evl\u00e2t\u201d; 2006\u2019da yay\u0131nlan\u0131nca ald\u0131m ve ba\u015ftan sona okudum. Ancak kitaptaki her \u015fiiri \u015fimdi hat\u0131rlam\u0131yorum. \u00d6yle bir \u015fiiri olsa da, \u015fa\u015f\u0131rmam. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Stalin iktidar\u0131nda farkl\u0131 yerlere s\u00fcrd\u00fckleri, ac\u0131 \u00e7ektirdi\u011fi insanlar yine de Staline \u00f6vg\u00fcler d\u00fczd\u00fc. B\u00f6yle insanlar \u00e7ok fazla. Bunun sebebini \u00e7ok kolay a\u00e7\u0131klayabiliriz. Stalininin Bol\u015feviki rejimi, insanlar\u0131n can\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131yordu, ayaklar alt\u0131nda eziyordu, ac\u0131 \u00e7ektiriyordu. \u0130nsanlar korkuyordu, \u2018bari can\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kurtaral\u0131m\u2019 diye b\u00f6ylece sisteme dalkavukluk ediyorlard\u0131. Sovyetler zaman\u0131nda ya\u015fayan ve b\u00f6yle yapan \u00e7ok fazla \u015fair ve yazar biliniyor. Bug\u00fcn bu insanlara, baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u2018neden korkuyorlard\u0131, sisteme kar\u015f\u0131 neden \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131lar\u2019 diye ele\u015ftiri y\u00f6neltiyor. Nas\u0131l yapacaklard\u0131? Ben, \u00f6l\u00fcmden korkmayan insan tan\u0131m\u0131yorum. \u015eimdi onlara o ele\u015ftirileri y\u00f6neltenler, onlar\u0131n yerinde olsayd\u0131lar, onlar\u0131n ne yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u015fimdi kimse bilmez.<\/p>\nKru\u015f\u00e7efe ni\u00e7in ve nas\u0131l hakaret ediyor, bilmiyorum. Ancak G\u00fcrcistanda Kru\u015f\u00e7efi sevmediklerini biliyorum. 1961\u2019de Tifliste Kru\u015f\u00e7efi \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek maksad\u0131yla ter\u00f6rist bir eylem haz\u0131rland\u0131. Ancak KGB zaman\u0131nda duydu ve eylemcileri yakalad\u0131. Kru\u015f\u00e7ef de G\u00fcrcistan\u0131 ve halk\u0131n\u0131 sevmiyordu, tabii. Helimi\u015finin de benzer bir sebebi olacak ki, hakaret etmi\u015f olsun. Ben b\u00f6yle inan\u0131yorum. Ancak ben o i\u015fin sebebini ayr\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131yla bilmiyorum.<\/p>\n
Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz:<\/strong> Siz yine soray\u0131m; bir \u015fiir var: \u201cLaz\u0131m, Laz- Kartveli, \u00c7\u0306ani!\u201d Bu Helimi\u015fi Hasan\u0131n \u015fiiri mi? Yoksa \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra, onun ad\u0131yla m\u0131 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f?<\/p>\nGivi G. Kar\u00e7ava: <\/strong>Helimi\u015finin \u015fiirine ili\u015fkin ne diyeyim. Buradakiler, o \u015fiiri ger\u00e7ekten de Helimi\u015finin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar. Oradaki Lazlarsa, \u2018\u00f6yle bir \u015feyi Helimi\u015fi yazmazd\u0131, uydurmad\u0131r\u2019 diyorlar. Bu, bana spek\u00fcl\u00e2syon geliyor. Helimi\u015fi, neyi yazacakt\u0131, neyi yazmayacakt\u0131, biz onu bilemeyiz. Onu yaln\u0131zca rahmetli Hasan bilir. Bu konuyu halletmenin bir yolu var. Helimi\u015finin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00e2\u011f\u0131tlar mevcut. Oraya baks\u0131nlar g\u00f6recekler. Bununla da spek\u00fcl\u00e2syon bitmi\u015f olur.<\/p>\nAli \u0130hsan Aksamaz: <\/strong>Eski zaman Lazlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok eski ve g\u00fczel bir s\u00f6zleri var: \u201cD\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcne\u015fiyle bug\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kurutulmaz!\u201d Ancak ben yine de size soray\u0131m da, siz de k\u0131sa k\u0131sa \u00a0cevap verin. Biraz da \u0130sak\u0306i Jvania ve \u0130skender Tzita\u015fiden, onlar\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan bahsedin, l\u00fctfen!<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/5-Givi-Karcava.jpg\")
\u201c\u0130SKENDER TZ\u0130TA\u015e\u0130, LAZCANIN GEL\u0130\u015eMES\u0130 VE MODERN- STANDART B\u0130R KENT D\u0130L\u0130 OLMASI \u0130\u00c7\u0130N \u00c7OK B\u00dcY\u00dcK B\u0130R \u0130\u015e YAPTI\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nGivi G. Kar\u00e7ava: <\/strong>\u0130skender Tzita\u015fi ve \u0130sak\u0306i Jvania, Laz ve Megrel dillerinin tarihinde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan insanlar. \u0130skender Tzita\u015fi, Lazcan\u0131n geli\u015fme\u015fi, k\u00f6y dili durumundan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p modern- standart bir kent dili durumuna getirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u015f yapt\u0131. \u0130sak\u0306i Jvania i\u00e7in de b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey s\u00f6yleyebiliriz; 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llarda Megrelceyi bas\u0131n yoluyla halka ula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131, dilin standart bir hale getirilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130sak\u0306i Jvania\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Bol\u015feviklerle benim bir davam var. Bol\u015fevikler ve onlar\u0131n yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fler insanl\u0131k ad\u0131na fenama gidiyor. 1918-1921 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda G\u00fcrcistan\u0131n birinci Sosyal-demokrat Cumhuriyeti v\u00fccut buldu. O kadar demokrat bir devletti ki, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc baz\u0131 Avrupa devletlerinin bile o kadar demokratik anayasa ve kanunlar\u0131 yoktu. Bu devleti, Megreller de kurdu ve bu devlet i\u00e7in Megreller de sava\u015ft\u0131. Mesel\u00e2, Daniel Pipia, benim i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fair, Sosyal-demokrat Cumhuriyet i\u00e7in Bol\u015fevik Rusyaya kar\u015f\u0131 di\u011ferleriyle birlikte devrim yap\u0131yordu. Daniel Pipiay\u0131 da \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Mezar\u0131n\u0131n yerinin nerede oldu\u011fu bug\u00fcn bile bilmiyoruz. Dedi\u011fim gibi, bu ger\u00e7ekten de demokratik, halk\u0131n devletiydi. Bu devletteki Megrelce yay\u0131n hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin size bir bilgi daha verece\u011fim. Bu devlet 1918\u2019de kuruldu. O zamanlar bir grup vard\u0131, Megrellerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel grubu; \u201cMapalu\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu. Birisi, o zaman\u0131n gazetelerinde \u201cMapalu\u201cya kar\u015f\u0131 bir makale yazd\u0131. Onlara, Megrel dilinin haklar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar i\u00e7in, \u2018bunlar ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131\u2019 diye su\u00e7 att\u0131. 1919 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Demokratik G\u00fcrcistan Cumhuriyetinin adliyesi, bir duru\u015fma yapt\u0131 ve\u00a0 \u201cMapalu\u201dnun Megrelce i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 il\u00e2n etti ve \u201cMapalu\u201d grubuna isnat edilmek istenen su\u00e7u reddetti. Her a\u00e7\u0131dan, her bak\u0131mdan \u00e7ok demokratik ve g\u00fczel olan bu devleti 1921\u2019in 25 \u015eubat\u0131nda (100 y\u0131l \u00f6nce) Bol\u015fevik Rusya i\u015fgalle ele ge\u00e7irdi ve \u00e7ok insan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc. Rus Bol\u015feviklere yerli Bol\u015fevikler de destek oluyordu ve onlardan biri de \u0130sak\u0306i Jvania idi. Demokratik devlete kar\u015f\u0131 partizanl\u0131k yap\u0131yordu. Bu durum, \u0130sak\u0306i Jvanian\u0131n biyografisinde hi\u00e7 temizlenmeyecek bir leke. Bol\u015fevik iktidar onu, kendi i\u015fleri i\u00e7in \u00f6nce iyice kulland\u0131. 1937\u2019de de ger\u00e7ek bir Bol\u015fevik olan bu insan\u0131 \u2018sa\u011fc\u0131lar\u0131n ter\u00f6rist \u00e7etesinde gizlice \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor\u2019 diye yakalad\u0131lar ve \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Bol\u015fevizmi buydu i\u015fte. \u0130nsanlar\u0131 kullan\u0131yor, sonra da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. Ancak, dedi\u011fim gibi, bu \u0130sak\u0306i Jvanian\u0131n siyas\u00ee taraf\u0131; bir \u015fey yapamay\u0131z, ancak Megrelce i\u00e7in yapt\u0131klar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011feri benim i\u00e7in fazlad\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u015f yapt\u0131 ve bize b\u00fcy\u00fck bir miras b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/6-Givi-Karcava-1.jpg\")
\u201c\u0130SAK\u0306\u0130 JVAN\u0130A, MEGRELCE \u0130\u00c7\u0130N B\u00dcY\u00dcK B\u0130R \u0130\u015e YAPTI VE B\u0130ZE B\u00dcY\u00dcK B\u0130R M\u0130RAS BIRAKTI\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nAli \u0130hsan Aksamaz: <\/strong>\u015eimdi de size G\u00fcrcistan Demokratik Cumhuriyetine ili\u015fkin sorular\u0131m var. G\u00fcrcistan Demokratik Cumhuriyeti ya\u015fasayd\u0131, Megrellere de, Lazlara da, Svanlara da, Abhazlara da ve di\u011fer halklara da\u00a0 anadilleriyle k\u00fclt\u00fcrel otonomi verecekti, \u00f6yle mi?! G\u00fcrcistan Demokratik Cumhuriyetinin topra\u011f\u0131 nerede ba\u015fl\u0131yor ve nerede bitiyordu? G\u00fcrcistan Demokratik Cumhuriyetini hangi devletler tan\u0131d\u0131?<\/p>\nGivi G. Kar\u00e7ava<\/strong>: G\u00fcrcistan Demokratik Cumhuriyeti ya\u015fasayd\u0131, kime ne verece\u011fini \u015fimdi kimse bilmez. Ya\u015famayan bir devlet ve yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f i\u015fler konusunda spek\u00fcl\u00e2syon yapamam. Ancak bu devlet ger\u00e7ekten de demokratik bir devletti, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Bat\u0131 Avrupada olan devletler gibi. Devletin 1921 anayasas\u0131 gibi demokratik bir anayasa \u015fimdi de \u00e7o\u011fu devlette yok. Mesal\u00e2, bu anayasan\u0131n 129. maddesi \u015f\u00f6yle diyordu: \u201cHerkes anadiliyle yazma, konu\u015fma ve yay\u0131n hakk\u0131na sahiptir\u201d. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, anadili konusunda \u00e7ok \u015fey s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu 1921 anayasas\u0131 ve insanlara geni\u015f ve b\u00fcy\u00fck haklar veriyordu. Dedi\u011fim gibi, 1919\u2019da G\u00fcrcistan Demokratik \u00a0Cumhuriyeti adliyesi bir duru\u015fma yapt\u0131 ve Megrellerin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel grubu \u201cMapalu\u201dya ili\u015fkin, \u201cbu grubun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar devlet i\u00e7in zararl\u0131 ve tehlikeli de\u011fildir\u201d diye bir karar verdi:\u00a0 \u201cBu, \u00a0\u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve g\u00f6steri hakk\u0131yd\u0131\u201d. Bu da, bize o cumhuriyetin ruhunu g\u00f6steren \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6rnek.<\/p>\nAbhazlar\u0131n, G\u00fcrcistan Demokratik Cumhuriyeti i\u00e7inde otonomileri vard\u0131. \u00d6nce, Bol\u015fevik Abhazlar\u0131n bir grubu, \u2018biz bu devletin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalaca\u011f\u0131z\u2019 diyerek bu devlete kar\u015f\u0131 silaha sar\u0131ld\u0131lar. Ancak G\u00fcrcistan Demokratik Cumhuriyeti, onlar\u0131 yendi ve ka\u00e7\u0131rtt\u0131. Ancak otonomi konusunda \u201chay\u0131r\u201d demi\u015fli\u011fi yok. 1920\u2019de Abhazlara geni\u015f otonomi verdiler. Abhazlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda. \u201cZakatala\u015fi Okrugu\u201dnda, H\u0131ristiyan ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman G\u00fcrc\u00fcler ya\u015f\u0131yor, etnografik ad\u0131 \u201cHereti\u201d ve \u201cSaingilo\u201d olan b\u00f6lgede, bunlar\u0131n da otonomisi vard\u0131.\u00a0 Bu topra\u011f\u0131 Stalin, Azerbaycana verdi ve bug\u00fcn Azerbaycan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde. Bug\u00fcn burada ya\u015fayan halklar\u0131n (G\u00fcrc\u00fcler, Avarlar, Tsakhurlar, Tabasaranlar, Udiler, Lekler ve di\u011ferlerinin) otonomisi yok. Yine bir otonomi daha vard\u0131: M\u00fcsl\u00fcman G\u00fcrcistan (Samuslimano Sakartvelo). Bunun i\u00e7inde Mesheti, A\u00e7\u0306ara, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Artvin, Kars ve Ardahan ile Lazistan\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc yer al\u0131yordu. O d\u00f6nemde sonraki g\u00fcnlerde neyin ve nas\u0131l olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kimse bilmez. Bu devlet \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l ya\u015fad\u0131, \u00a0sonra Bol\u015fevik Rusyan\u0131n i\u015fgaliyle son buldu; sosyal- demokrat h\u00fck\u00fcmet s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, kalanlar hapishanelere dolduruldu veya \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. B\u00f6ylece de bu yeni devlet ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Ancak, bana sorarsan\u0131z, bu devlet ya\u015fasayd\u0131, devletin i\u00e7indeki diller ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha iyi bir durumun olaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n
Devletin topra\u011f\u0131, haritada g\u00f6rebildi\u011finiz gibiydi. Yani, Milletler Cemiyeti, bu haritada oldu\u011fu gibi G\u00fcrcistan\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131. Ancak, G\u00fcrcistan Demokratik Cumhuriyetinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 konusunda, kimin ne iddia ve davas\u0131 oldu\u011funa ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n nerede ba\u015flay\u0131p ve nerede bitti\u011fine dair ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi \u00e7o\u011fu kitap ve makalede mevcut.\u00a0 1921\u2019de bu devlet ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, Bol\u015fevikler, haritada g\u00f6r\u00fclen topraklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu Ermenistana, Azerbaycana, Turkiyeye ve Rusyaya b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fcler. G\u00fcrcistan\u0131, bug\u00fcn biliyor oldu\u011fumuz s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7inde b\u0131rakt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/7-Givi-Karcava.png\")
(1918- 1921) DEMOKRAT\u0130K G\u00dcRC\u0130STAN CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130N\u0130N, \u201cM\u0130LLETLER CEM\u0130YET\u0130\u201d TARAFINDAN ONAYLANAN SINIRLARI;\u00a0 BU DEVLET\u0130 \u0130LK \u00d6NCE ALMAN \u0130MPARATORLU\u011eU \u0130LE OSMANLI DEVLET\u0130 TANIDI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nAli \u0130hsan Aksamaz:<\/strong> 1918\u2019den 1921\u2019e kadar, G\u00fcrcistan Demokratik Cumhuriyetinin bir bayra\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131. Bu bayrak 1990\u2019dan 2004\u2019e kadar da kullan\u0131ld\u0131. \u00d6yle biliyorum. Bu bayra\u011f\u0131 ilk olarak Leninin Bol\u015fevik iktidar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi, sonra da Saaka\u015fvili iktidar\u0131. B\u00f6yle biliyorum. Neden?<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/8-Givi-Karcava.png\")
G\u00dcRC\u0130STAN BAYRAKLARI: 1918- 1921 VE 1990- 2004; 1921- 1990;\u00a0 2004- \u2026<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nGivi G. Kar\u00e7ava<\/strong>: Bayrak konusu \u015f\u00f6yle: 1918\u2019de \u0130ak\u0306ob Nikoladze ve \u0130oseb \u015earleman\u0131n dizayn\u0131yla G\u00fcrcistan Demokratik Cumhuriyetinin bayra\u011f\u0131 \u00e7izildi ve te\u015fkil edilmi\u015f oldu. 1921\u2019de G\u00fcrcistan devleti, Bol\u015feviklerin eliyle ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131nca, Bol\u015fevikler, S.S.C.B. i\u00e7indeki\u00a0 devletlerin ve halklar\u0131n mill\u00ee sembollerini yasaklad\u0131 ve her cumhuriyete yeni bayraklar yapt\u0131. 1991\u2019de S.S.C.B. y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131ktan ve G\u00fcrcistan yine ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olduktan sonra, 1918-1921 bayra\u011f\u0131 yeniden kullan\u0131ld\u0131. 2003\u2019teki \u201cG\u00fcl Devrimi\u201dnden sonra, Saaka\u015fvili h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, \u201cbiz yeni bir formasyondaki bir devletiz, bize yeni semboller gerekiyor,\u201d dedi. B\u00f6ylece de, \u00e7ok eski ve tarih\u00ee bir bayra\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7tiler. \u015eimdiki bu bayrak, Ancelino Dul\u00e7erinin 1339 y\u0131l\u0131na ait haritas\u0131nda ve Pran\u00e7esk\u0306o do Domenik\u0306o Pitziganilerin 1367 y\u0131l\u0131na ait haritas\u0131nda yer alan G\u00fcrcistan K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131na ait. Benim bu konuda bildi\u011fim bu kadar.<\/p>\nAli \u0130hsan Aksamaz: <\/strong>Ben tarih \u00f6\u011fretmeni de\u011filim ancak tarihten yeterince bilgim var. Bir halk\u0131n tarihi yaln\u0131zca o halk\u0131n tarihi de\u011fil, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n da tarihidir. Ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n tarihi de o halk\u0131n tarihidir. Biraz uzun olacak, beni ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131n! Siz de biliyorsunuz, (1914- 1918) Birinci B\u00fcy\u00fck Sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda, b\u00fcy\u00fck devletler iki d\u00fc\u015fman pakt\u0131n i\u00e7indeydi: B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya, \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131, Fransa ve \u0130talya ilk pakt\u0131n i\u00e7indeydi. Almanya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, Avusturya-Macaristan ve Osmanl\u0131 Devleti de ikinci pakt\u0131n i\u00e7indeydi. \u00c7ok kanl\u0131 bir sava\u015ft\u0131. Milyonlarca insan \u00f6ld\u00fc.\u00a0 Farkl\u0131 sebeplerden \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131 Milleti ayakland\u0131. Sonunda da 1917-\u015eubat Devrimiyle \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Kerenski, iktidara geldi. Kerenski iktidar\u0131 da, \u00e7arl\u0131k iktidar\u0131n\u0131n sava\u015f politikalar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirdi; halk da, askerler de bu durumdan hi\u00e7 memnun de\u011fildi. Millet a\u00e7, susuz ve hastayd\u0131. \u0130nsanlar s\u00fcrekli \u00f6l\u00fcyordu. Rus Devletinin otoritesi yoktu. Her alanda kaos \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. O s\u0131rada Lenin s\u00fcrg\u00fcndeydi; \u0130svi\u00e7rede ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Lenin, Bar\u0131\u015f politikalar\u0131n\u0131 destekliyordu. Leninin bar\u0131\u015f program\u0131 vard\u0131. \u201cHele, bir vatan\u0131ma gideyim, milletim a\u00e7l\u0131k, susuzluk, hastal\u0131ktan; vatan\u0131m da sava\u015ftan kurtulsun. Biz Rusyada iktidara gelince, bu sava\u015ftan \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131z,\u201d diyordu Lenin. Herg\u00fcn b\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor ve b\u00f6yle de konu\u015fuyordu. Sava\u015f zaman\u0131yd\u0131. Bu sebeple de bir yerden di\u011ferine gitmek imk\u00e2ns\u0131zd\u0131. Leninin, \u0130svi\u00e7reden Rusyaya gidecek g\u00fcc\u00fc yoktu. Almanya \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun istihbarat elemanlar\u0131, Lenine hi\u00e7 belli etmeden onu izliyor ve hakk\u0131ndaki bilgileri de \u00fcstlerine iletiyorlard\u0131. Almanya \u0130mparatoru, bar\u0131\u015f s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc duyunca \u00e7ok sevindi. Sonunda da Almanya \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun yard\u0131m\u0131yla, Lenin gizlice Rusyaya gitti. Ancak Leninin bu yard\u0131mdan hi\u00e7 haberi yoktu. Lenin, Ekim Devrimiyle iktidara geldi. Kerenski,\u00a0 Rusyadan ka\u00e7t\u0131. Rusyada \u015fimdi de i\u00e7 sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu f\u0131rsatla, Kuzey Kafkasyada Kuzey Kafkasya Da\u011fl\u0131 Halklar\u0131 Cumhuriyeti ve G\u00fcney Kafkasyada da G\u00fcney Kafkasya Demokratik Federal Cumhuriyeti\/ G\u00fcney Kaflasya Seymi kuruldu. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Rusya Federasyonunun cumhuriyetlerinden Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya, Kabardey-Balkarya, \u00c7e\u00e7enistan, \u0130ngu\u015fya, Kuzey Osetya ve Da\u011f\u0131stan Kuzey Kafkasya Da\u011fl\u0131 Halklar\u0131 Cumhuriyeti i\u00e7indeydi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn G\u00fcrcistan\u0131, Ermenistan ve Azerbaycan da G\u00fcney Kafkasya Demokratik Cumhuriyetinin\/ G\u00fcney Kafkasya Seyminin i\u00e7indeydi. \u00d6nce G\u00fcney Kafkasya Demokratik Federal Cumhuriyeti\/ G\u00fcney Kafkasya Seymi da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131. Sonu\u00e7ta da \u00fc\u00e7 devlet ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131: G\u00fcrcistan Demokratik Cumhuriyeti, Ermenistan Demokratik Cumhuriyeti ve Azerbaycan Demokratik Cumhuriyeti. Daha sonra yerli Bol\u015feviklerin yard\u0131m\u0131yla da Moskovaya ba\u011fl\u0131 K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu, Kuzey Kafkasyay\u0131 da, G\u00fcney Kafkasyay\u0131 da ele ge\u00e7irdi. Lenin iktidar\u0131 ile Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa iktidar\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 \u00e7izdi. Lenin, dedi\u011fi gibi yapt\u0131. Leninin jeopolitikadan haberi vard\u0131. Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fan\u0131n da jeopolitikten haberi vard\u0131; o da istedi\u011fini yapt\u0131. Bunlar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekleri. Kuzey Kafkasya Da\u011fl\u0131 Halklar\u0131 Cumhuriyetini de, G\u00fcney Kafkasya Demokratik Federal Cumhuriyetini de\/ G\u00fcney Kafkasya Seymini de, sonraki G\u00fcrcistan Demokratik Cumhuriyetini de, Ermenistan Demokratik Cumhuriyetini de ve Azerbaycan Demokratik Cumhuriyetini de uluslararas\u0131 siyas\u00ee konj\u00f6nkt\u00fcr yaratt\u0131. Ancak bu devletleri Lenin ve Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, el- ele vererek ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131lar. Bu da ger\u00e7ek. \u00c7ok uzun oldu, beni ba\u011f\u0131\u015flay\u0131n! \u015eimdi de size soray\u0131m: G\u00fcney Kafkasya Demokratik Federal Cumhuriyeti\/ G\u00fcney Kafkasya Seymi neden da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131? G\u00fcney Kafkasya Seymi ya\u015fasayd\u0131, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Kuzey ve G\u00fcney Kafkasya hangi durumda olacakt\u0131? Siz ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/9-Givi-Karcava.jpg\")
(1917- 1921) KUZEY KAFKASYA (DA\u011eLI HALKLAR) CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 BAYRA\u011eI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nGivi G. Kar\u00e7ava: <\/strong>Lenin ve Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcn, b\u00fcy\u00fck jeopolitik i\u015flerde rol\u00fc oldu\u011funu biliyoruz. Onlar da \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u00fcre\u00e7lere m\u00fcdahalede bulunuyorlard\u0131; bu daha ger\u00e7ek. Ancak, bana sorarsan\u0131z, G\u00fcney Kafkasya devletlerini Lenin ve Atat\u00fcrk\u00fcn yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifadesi do\u011fru de\u011fil. G\u00fcney Kafkasya Seymi neden da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131? Ben, bu tarihi iyi biliyorum ve sebeplerini de s\u00f6yleyebilirim dersem, bu yalan olur. Bu i\u015flerin, ar\u015fivlerdeki belgelerinden haberdar uzmanlar\u0131 var. Bunlar benim alan\u0131m de\u011fil. O kadar\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyorum. Ancak bu konuya ili\u015fkin bildi\u011fim ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm \u015fu: G\u00fcrcistan, Azerbaycan ve Ermenistan\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen partileri, 1917- K\u0131z\u0131l Devriminden sonra, K\u0131z\u0131l Rusyaya kar\u015f\u0131 birlikte durman\u0131n daha pragmatik bir davran\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcler. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fcnde bu birlik etkili olacakt\u0131. Yaln\u0131zca Rusya de\u011fil, T\u00fcrkiyenin de tarihsel Ermeni ve G\u00fcrc\u00fc topraklar\u0131nda g\u00f6z\u00fc vard\u0131. Brest-Litovsk\u0306 antla\u015fmas\u0131yla, Lenin; Kars, Batumi ve Ardahan vil\u00e2yetlerini T\u00fcrkiyeye verecekti ancak G\u00fcney Kafkasya komiserli\u011fiyle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 anla\u015fm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildi; \u00a0onlar bunu kabul etmiyordu. T\u00fcrkler askerle girdi ve Batum, Mesheti ve Guriada durdu. Yani, bana sorarsan\u0131z, G\u00fcney Kafkasya Seyminin kurulu\u015f sebebi buydu. Neden da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131? \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu yap\u0131n\u0131n daha b\u00fcy\u00fck pragmatik, siyas\u00ee ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel sebepleri yoktu. Mesel\u00e2, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn Avrupa Birli\u011fi devletlerinin s\u00f6z birli\u011fine vard\u0131klar\u0131 ve bu birlik i\u00e7inde nas\u0131l ya\u015fayacaklar\u0131 gibi bir kararl\u0131l\u0131k Kafkasyada yoktu. G\u00fcney Kafkasya devletleri, \u2018beraber olal\u0131m\u2019 diye birbirlerine yana\u015ft\u0131lar. \u2018Yukar\u0131da Rusya, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da T\u00fcrkiye bizi ezecek\u2019 diye birlikte durdular. Ancak bu sebep yeterli olmuyordu. Kendi aralar\u0131nda da toprak payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 konusunda anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 vard\u0131. Mesel\u00e2 1918\u2019de G\u00fcrcistan, Azerbaycan ve Ermenistan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olduktan sonra, Ermenistan G\u00fcrcistan i\u00e7inde Ermenilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 topraklar\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek G\u00fcrcistani i\u015fgale yeltendi; asker g\u00f6nderdi ancak yenildi ve d\u00f6n\u00fcp gitti. Yine, ayn\u0131 sebeple 1918-1920 aras\u0131nda Azerbaycan ve Ermenistan b\u00fcy\u00fck sava\u015fa tutu\u015ftu. Sonunda da Rusyan\u0131n K\u0131z\u0131l Ordusu geldi ve ikisinin de topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi. Ayr\u0131ca G\u00fcney Kafkasya Seymi i\u00e7indeki bu \u00fc\u00e7 devletin i\u00e7inde milliyet\u00e7i hareketler \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyd\u00fc. Hepsi de ulusal bir devlet kurma sevdas\u0131ndayd\u0131lar. O sebeple de Ermenistan, G\u00fcrcistan ve Azerbaycan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir devlet i\u00e7inde yan yana ya\u015famalar\u0131 hayaldi. Bana sorarsan\u0131z, \u00a0\u00a0Kafkasya devletlerinden bir devlet olu\u015fturma fikri ho\u015fuma gitmiyor. Avrupa Toplulu\u011fu veya ona benzer bir \u015fekilde siyas\u00ee birlik olmaz. Herbirinin kendi eyaleti olacak, her biri kendi k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve dilini koruyacak ve b\u00fcy\u00fck kom\u015fular\u0131na ve onlar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bir \u015femsiye alt\u0131nda dururlarsa, bu iyi olur. O zaman bu durum Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131na da \u00fcmit verecek. \u00a0Kuzey Kafkasya milletlerinin tek kurtulu\u015f yolunun G\u00fcrcistan oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. G\u00fcrcistan, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve demokratik bir devlet olursa, Avrupa Birli\u011fine kat\u0131l\u0131rsa, NATO askeri G\u00fcrcistana yerle\u015firse, Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k \u015fans\u0131 olur. \u0130sterlerse, tabii. \u0130stemezlerse, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc gibi Rusyan\u0131n i\u00e7inde olacaklar. Yaln\u0131zca onlar\u0131n de\u011fil, b\u00fct\u00fcn Kafkasya milletlerinin bar\u0131\u015f\u0131, aralar\u0131ndaki kavgalar\u0131 bitirmenin yolunun da bu oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Rus \u015femsiyesinden \u00e7\u0131kmak, Rus oyunlar\u0131ndan kurtulmak ve birbirleriyle diz- dize konu\u015fmak. Kafkasya b\u00f6lgesindeki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar yaln\u0131zca bir akt\u00f6r i\u00e7in, Rusya i\u00e7in iyidir. Bu b\u00f6lgedeki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece, bu b\u00f6lgenin devletleri ve halklar\u0131 birbirlerini yedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece burada bar\u0131\u015f olmaz. Bar\u0131\u015f olmayan yerde de, ekonomi geli\u015fmez. \u00a0Benim bu konuda s\u00f6yleyebilece\u011fim bu kadar.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/10-Givi-Karcava.jpg\")
(23 \u015eUBAT 1918- 26 MAYIS 1918) TRANSKAFKASYA DEMOKRAT\u0130K FEDERAL CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 BAYRA\u011eI VE SINIRLARI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\nAli \u0130hsan Aksamaz:<\/strong> Siz de isterseniz, biraz da Nugzar Dzodzuadan bize bahsedin, l\u00fctfen! 1989\u2019d\u0131, Nugzar Dzodzua, Abhazya televizyonunda, Megrellerin dilini korumaya ili\u015fkin bir konu\u015fma yapt\u0131. Ancak bizim baz\u0131 ak\u0131ls\u0131zlar ona reaksiyon g\u00f6sterdiler. Biliyorsunuz, bu, Abhazya fel\u00e2ketinden \u00f6nceydi.<\/p>\nGivi G. Kar\u00e7ava: <\/strong>Nugzar Dzodzuay\u0131 y\u0131llar \u00f6nce sizden duydum. O ki\u015finin neler dedi\u011fine ili\u015fkin ben bir \u015fey bilmiyorum. Video kayd\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6remedim. O ki\u015fiyi de tan\u0131m\u0131yorum. Sa\u011f m\u0131d\u0131r, de\u011fil midir, onu da bilmiyorum. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da bilmedi\u011fim bir konuda bir \u015fey s\u00f6yleyemem. Bir yerlerde videosu varsa veya Abhazya televizyonuna \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fman\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 kay\u0131tlar\u0131 varsa, l\u00fctfen onlar\u0131 bana da g\u00f6nderin de, benim de elimde olsun da ben de okuyay\u0131m.<\/p>\nDevam\u0131 edecek\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n(\u00d6nerilen okumalar-3:<\/strong> Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cLaz Ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 ve Sorumluluk\u201d, Sorun Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2011; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cLazlar- Lazca\/ Laz Kimli\u011fi\u201d, Sorun Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2013; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cKazimi\u015fi Oropa\/ Kaz\u0131m\u2019\u0131n Sevdas\u0131\u201d, sonhaber.ch, 24 V 2020; Mamula Osmanis\u017ee Tandilava, \u201cDudik\u0306vata\u201d (Tea K\u0306alandia, \u201cLazuri T\u0306ekst\u0306ebi, Tbilisi, 2008; \u201c\u10db\u10d0\u10e4\u10e8\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10d0\/ Map\u015falia\u201d (Megrelce Dergi), say\u0131 1, Zugdidi; M. Mahzun Do\u011fan, \u201cFaruk Benli: Lazca, celiyrum demek de\u011fil!\u201d, Siyah Beyaz Gazetesi, 19 II 1997; Mecit \u00c7ak\u0131rusta, \u201cDilini, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc, kimli\u011fini kaybettikten sonra geriye korkacak ne kal\u0131r?\u201d, Laz K\u00fclt\u00fcr Dergisi Tanura, Say\u0131 1, Lazika Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 2011; Melahat Bul, \u201cLazca ile M\u00fccadele Kolu Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan Laz K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn Ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na Uzanan Bir Yol: M. Recai \u00d6zg\u00fcn\u201d, Mjora Dergisi, Say\u0131 1, \u00c7iviyaz\u0131lar\u0131 Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul, 2000; Murat Ersoy, \u201c\u0130ki D\u00fcnyal\u0131 K\u00f6y: Sarp& Sarpi\u201d, Sima Dergisi,\u00a0 Say\u0131 3, Sima Laz Vakf\u0131 Yay\u0131n\u0131, Fotosan Ofset, \u0130zmit,\u00a0 2001; Murat Ersoy, \u201cSarpi\u2019de K\u0306olxoba Festivali Sima Dergisi, say\u0131 7, Sima Laz Vakf\u0131 Yay\u0131n\u0131, Fotosan Ofset, \u0130zmit, 2005; Murat Mur\u011fuli\u015fi, \u201cLazcay\u0131 Sahiplenmek\u201d, Papirus Edebiyat Dergisi, say\u0131 14, \u0130stanbul, 2015; Musa O\u011fuz Cede\u015fi, \u201cAnadilimiz Lazca Kayboluyor\u201d, akcakocatv.com, 30 XII 2015; Musa Karaalio\u011flu, \u201cA\u011flamayana S\u00fct Vermezler!\u201d, sonhaber.ch, 29 IV 2020\/ circassiancenter.com; Mustafa Kolat, \u201cKimli\u011fimiz \u00d6l\u00fcyor, Dillerimiz \u00d6l\u00fcyor!\u201d, gurcuhaber.com, 23 IV 2020\/ circassiancenter.com; M.I. Isayev, \u201cNational Languages in the U.S.S.R\/\u00a0 Problems and Solutions\u201d, Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1977; N\u00e2s\u0131r Y\u00fcceer, I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Osmanl\u0131 Ordusunun Azerbaycan ve Da\u011f\u0131stan Harek\u00e2t\u0131, Genelkurmay ATASE Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara, 1996; Nikita Kru\u015f\u00e7ev, \u201cKru\u015f\u00e7ev\u2019in An\u0131lar\u0131- 1 ve 2\u201d (\u00c7eviren: Mehmet Harmanc\u0131), Milliyet Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1971; Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev\/ Edward Crankshaw, \u201cKhrushchev Remembers\u201d, Book Club Associates, London, 1971; Nodar Lomouri (\u00c7eviren: Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz), \u201cEgrisi\/ Lazika Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Tarihi\u201d, Ogni K\u00fclt\u00fcr Dergisi, Say\u0131 5, \u0130stanbul, 1994; M. V. Glenny, \u201cThe Anglo- Soviet Trade Agreement, March 1921\u201d, Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 5, No 2, Sage Publications, Inc.,\u00a0 London, 1970;\u00a0 Nugzar Dzhodzhua (\u00c7eviren: Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz), \u201cBen Bir Megrel\u2019im\u201d, Ogni K\u00fclt\u00fcr Dergisi, Say\u0131 6, \u0130stanbul, 1994\/ kolkhoba.org\/ circassiancenter.com; Nursel Tozkoparan, \u201cBirol Topalo\u011flu: \u201cLazlar hep yok say\u0131ld\u0131\u201d, haber7.com,\u00a0 3 II 2011; Orhan Bayramin, \u201cLaz Edebiyat\u0131 1996\u2019dan fersah fersah ileride!\u201d, sonhaberch, 16 III 2021\/ circassiancenter.com; Osman Kuyumcu P\u0306izma, \u201cDil \u00d6l\u00fcrse \u0130nsanl\u0131k \u00d6l\u00fcr\u201d, lazca.org, 19 VII 2013; \u00d6nder Acar, \u201cO\u00e7am\u00e7ire\u2019deki Laz Okulu\u2019nda da \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f anneannem!\u201d, gurcuhaber.com, 9 IV 2020\/ circassiancenter.com; Paul Dumont, \u201cBol\u015fevizm ve Do\u011fu\u201d,\u00a0 Ayl\u0131k Sosyalist K\u00fclt\u00fcr Dergisi, Say\u0131 61, Birikim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1980; Ronald Wixman (\u00c7eviri: Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz), \u201cSovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nde Etnik Kimlik\u201d, Kafkasya Yaz\u0131lar\u0131, Say\u0131 7, \u00c7iviyaz\u0131lar\u0131 Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul, 1999; \u201cRadio Kolha\u2019n\u0131n Redakt\u00f6r\u00fc Mi\u015fa Numani\u015fi, Tbilisi\u2019de Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz \u0130le Bir S\u00f6yle\u015fi Yapt\u0131\u201d, \u00c7veneburi K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Dergi, Say\u0131 58- 59, \u0130stanbul, 2006; Rasim Y\u0131lmaz, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Lazlar\u0131 ve Laz K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u201d, 08haber.com, 19 V 2017; Ru\u015fen \u00c7ak\u0131r, \u201cLaz K\u00fclt\u00fcrel R\u00f6nesans\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fi\u011finde\u201d, Cumhuriyet Kitap Eki, Say\u0131 131, \u0130stanbul, 1992; Sabri G\u00fcrses- \u00d6zg\u00fcr Erdem, \u201cSultan Galiyev\/ B\u00fct\u00fcn Eserleri\u201d, \u0130leri Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2006; Sami Avc\u0131,\u00a0 \u201cAtalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Topraklar ve Soya\u011fac\u0131m\u0131z\u201d, Kendi Yay\u0131n\u0131, Ankara, 2013; Selma Ko\u00e7iva (\/ Bedia Leba), \u201cHalkbilimci Wolfgang Feurstein\u2019la S\u00f6yle\u015fi\u201d, Ogni K\u00fclt\u00fcr Dergisi, Say\u0131 5, \u0130stanbul, 1994; Sefer E. Berzeg, \u201cKuzey Kafkasya Cumhuriyeti\/ 1917- 1922 1-2-3\u201d, Birle\u015fik Kafkasya Derne\u011fi Yay\u0131n\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2003, 2004, 2006;\u00a0 \u201cSima Laz Vakf\u0131 Lazca e\u011fitim istedi\u201d, kocaeligazetesi.com.tr, 30 IV 2016;\u201cSima Vakf\u0131ndan Lazca e\u011fitim talebi\u201d, marmaragazetesi.com, 2 V 2016; Stefanos Yerasimos, \u201cMilliyetler ve S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u201d, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1994; Stefanos Yerasimos, \u201cKurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda T\u00fcrk- Sovyet \u0130li\u015fkileri (1917- 1923)\u201d, Boyut Yay\u0131n Grubu, \u0130stanbul, 2000)<\/p>\n+<\/p>\n
No\u0292\u0306ile 3<\/p>\n
\u201cK\u0306<\/strong>azimi k\u0306ult\u0306uruli revolu\u0292ia naqu ar k\u0306o\u00e7i rt\u0306u<\/strong>!\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\nAli ihsan Aksamazi:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130ri\u015fen didi Kortuli zit\u0306apunas Kartvelist\u0306i yado ar zit\u0306a reni? Renna aya zit\u0306ak mu ambai mom\u00e7apan? Edo solen ye\u00e7kinderen aya zit\u0306a? Margaluri, Lazuri, Svanuri do Kortuli nena \u015feni, aya zit\u0306a, \u2018Kartveluri nenape\u2019,\u00a0 oxmaru moxva reni? \u0292\u0306ori renna, mu\u015feni, \u0292\u0306ori va renna, mu\u015feni? Tkvan mu izmont?<\/p>\nGivi G. Kar\u00e7ava:<\/strong> Am zit\u0306a \u00e7kar soti ar zit\u0306apunas var i\u017eiren. Aya ren Turkienuri Lazi akt\u0306ivist\u0306epe\u015fi mongoneri zit\u0306a, ma a\u015fo mi\u00e7kin.<\/p>\n\u201cKartveluri nenape\u201d- \u015feni mu gi\u0292\u0306vat – mom\u0292\u0306ondunani, va mom\u0292\u0306ondunani, aya and\u011fa ren ak\u0306ademiuri t\u0306erimi. Xvala Okorturas var do, dunya\u015fi nenam\u00e7kinacepek aya zit\u0306a ixmaran. Kartvelologia (Kartvelology, Kartvelian Studies) yado ar disip\u0306liniti koren, Amerik\u0306a\u015fi, Avrup\u0306a\u015fi, Azia\u015fi \u00e7kva do \u00e7kva universit\u0306epes a\u015fo pak\u0306ult\u0306epe koren do Kortuli, Margaluri, Lazuri do \u015eonuri nenape doguraps.<\/p>\n
\u0292\u0306ori reni, va reni -zori k\u0306itxala ren. Ma mk\u0306itxat na, etnonimi Margali do Margaluri, etnonimi Lazi do Lazuri, vana etnonimi \u015eoni do \u015eonuri t\u0306erimi Kartveli\u015fen daha mcve\u015fi ren. T\u0306erimi Kartveli ye\u00e7kindu\u015fa antepe ixmarinet\u0306u, am nenapes do xalk\u0306epes a\u015fo ucoxopt\u0306es. Ama, nenam\u00e7kinacobak am nenape\u015fi k\u0306lasipik\u0306asioni\u015fi ora moxtu\u015fi, ar k\u0306arari me\u00e7asunt\u0306es. Dido versionepe kort\u0306u: \u0130apet\u0306uri nenape, Omjore-K\u0306avk\u0306asiuri nenape, Kortuli\u015fa romat\u0306uli nenape, \u0130beriul-K\u0306avk\u0306asiuri nenape, p\u0306aleo-k\u0306avk\u0306asiuri nenape do \u00e7kva. Edo, antepe\u015fen \u201cKartveluri nenape\u201d iri\u015fen moxva go\u015fi\u0292xunu, m\u017eaxaluri nenape\u015fa na\u011far\u011falapt\u0306es m\u017eaxali xalk\u0306epekti mu\u015fis orta\u011fi coxo Kartveli naucoxopt\u0306es \u015feni. Mitis mo\u0292\u0306onsi, va mo\u0292\u0306onsi, aya and\u011fati a\u015fo ren. Ma am k\u0306itxala\u015fi cici do guri oxovo\u0292\u0306onap, Lazi gamantanerepe\u015fi p\u0306rot\u0306est\u0306oti k\u0306aixe\u015fa oxovo\u0292\u0306onap, \u201cKartveluri nenape\u201d navarixmarnan eyati oxovo\u0292\u0306onap, ama narensteri bzop\u0306on \u2013 aya and\u011fa ak\u0306ademiuri t\u0306erimi diqu. Misali, \u201cTurkic Language\u201d-sti ak\u0306ademiuri t\u0306erimi ren, edo dido mitipek p\u0306rot\u0306est\u0306o ikipan, \u2018\u00e7kin Turkepe va voret do nenape \u00e7kinis a\u015fo coxo mot gyodvesia\u2019. Ma na mi\u00e7kin Uzbek\u0306epek, Qazaxepek, No\u011faurepek, Qalmuxepek do mitxanepek p\u0306rot\u0306est\u0306o ikipan. Edo, xvala am nenape var do \u00e7kva nenape\u015fi oca\u011fepesti e\u015fo ren. Misali, Daniurepek do \u015eot\u0306landiurepe \u015feni mignapun, \u2018nena \u00e7kini naamulun ocaxis Germanuli mot coxonsia\u2019. Birmulepek do T\u0306ibet\u0306urepekti, \u2018Sino-Tibetan\u2019 mot gyo\u017ein oca\u011fi \u00e7kinis, Sino moselitia. A\u015fo mignapun. Edo, mu ptkvaminon – aya xvala \u00e7kini p\u0306roblemi va ren, irik\u0306ele koren a\u015fo p\u0306roblemepe. Golo\u00e7\u0306k\u0306ividu\u015fi gzapeti koren, dunya-nenam\u00e7kinacepek doxedasunonan do \u011far\u011falasunonan, naren p\u0306rot\u0306est\u0306o do naren delilepe beciti do \u0292\u0306ori a\u0292\u0306onan-na, ktirasunonan, mot var.<\/p>\n
Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi<\/strong>: A\u0292\u0306iti K\u0306azim K\u0306oyunci\u015fen molap\u015finat. K\u0306azim K\u0306oyunci hemi Turkiye\u015fi hemi Gurcistani\u015fi xalk\u0306epe \u015feni dido beciti k\u0306ult\u0306uruli xinci rt\u0306u. A\u0292\u0306iti e\u015fo. 33 \u0292\u0306aneri rt\u0306u, daa dido genci rt\u0306u, mara p\u0306at\u0306i zabunoba\u015fen domi\u011fures. \u011eormotik \u015furi u\u00e7xanas! K\u0306azim K\u0306oyunci mk\u0306ule skidu mara Lazepe \u015feni, Margalepe \u015feni, Kortupe \u015feni, mteli xalk\u0306epe\u015fi cumaloba \u015feni dido k\u0306ai dulyape doqu. Edo qoropa\u015fi nenaten mskva mesajepe kome\u00e7u. Ma a\u015fo mi\u00e7kin. Tkvanti K\u0306azim K\u0306oyunci\u015fi cenaze\u015fi merasimis ak\u0306atit. E\u015fo mi\u00e7kin. Muepe gatkvenan hemi K\u0306azim K\u0306oyunci\u015fi misyoni hemiti cenaze merasimi mu\u015fi\u015fen?<\/p>\nGivi G. Kar\u00e7ava<\/strong>: K\u0306azimi \u00e7kini \u015feni ek\u0306o itku do i\u00e7\u0306aru-ki, ma dido mutu va matkven. K\u0306azimi mabirale ar k\u0306o\u00e7i xvala va rt\u0306u. K\u0306azimi k\u0306ult\u0306uruli revolu\u0292ia naqu ar k\u0306o\u00e7i rt\u0306u. Lazepe\u015fi gok\u0306un\u0292xinu\u015fi dulyas didi ar t\u0306u\u011fula name\u015fadu k\u0306o\u00e7i rt\u0306u. K\u0306azimik, Memedali Bari\u015f Be\u015fli k\u0306ala artot, \u0292\u0306oxle oput\u0306epes badepe do x\u00e7inepek naibirt\u0306es do a\u00e7kva nagoi\u00e7\u0306k\u0306ondinet\u0306u Lazuri birapapes \u015furi kodolubares do a\u011fani skidala kome\u00e7es, a\u011fne mordalepes namo\u0292\u0306onan rok\u0306i\u015fi do p\u0306op\u0306i\u015fi nenaten u\u011far\u011fales, milleti k\u0306ult\u0306ura mu\u015fi\u015fa goktines. K\u0306azimi ar didi simge ren, mo\u0292\u0306qvina\u015fi, k\u0306ult\u0306uruli \u00e7\u0306e\u015fidoba\u015fi, nena\u015fi mskvanoba\u015fi, ident\u0306oba\u015feni revolu\u0292ia oxvenu\u015fi simge ren. K\u0306azimi va \u011furat\u0306u-na, daha didi dulyape axvenasunt\u0306u, ma e\u015fo maceren. K\u0306azim K\u0306oinci\u015fi cenazes vort\u0306i. 21 \u0292\u0306aneri bere vort\u0306i emoras, edo Harbiye do T\u0306aksimis cenaze golulut\u0306u\u015fi, dukanepek hop\u0306arlorepe gale gamimert\u0306es do Margaluri birapape nao\u00e7\u0306andinapt\u0306es b\u017eiri\u015fi, \u015fok\u0306i mi\u011fut\u0306u. \u015eilya do \u015filya k\u0306o\u00e7ik gamaxtu do K\u0306azimi milletik mu\u00e7\u0306o qorop\u0306t\u0306een b\u017eiri\u015fi, K\u0306azimi\u015fi k\u0306imeti daha dido emoras oxovo\u0292\u0306oni.<\/p>\nAli \u0130hsan Aksamazi: <\/strong>1990-oni\u00a0 \u0292\u0306anape\u015fi \u00e7odina\u015fakis akoni Lazi gamantanerepes Helimi\u015fi Xasani\u015fi renoba\u015fen, skidala\u015fen do no\u00e7ali\u015fepe\u015fen ambai va u\u011fut\u0306es. Meleni Sarpi\u015fi um\u00e7anepek akoni Lazepes Helimi\u015fi Xasani o\u00e7inapes. Mu\u015feni beciti ren Helimi\u015fi Xasani?<\/p>\nGivi G. Kar\u00e7ava:<\/strong> Lazuri nan\u00e7\u0306arups iri k\u0306o\u00e7i beciti ren. Mara Xasan Helimi\u015fi, Turkie\u015fen naimt\u0306u, Okorturas nadibargu, akti dido nan\u0292\u0306iru ar Lazi rt\u0306u. Edo xoloti, k\u0306ult\u0306ura mu\u015fi \u015feni udodginu nai\u00e7ali\u015fept\u0306u \u015feni beciti ren. Lazuri leksi, dramat\u0306urgia, no\u011farepe – a\u011fani nagok\u0306un\u0292xut\u0306u Lazuri hareketik, \u00e7kva devletis a\u015fo ar xazine \u017eiru\u015fi, moro k\u0306imetiti kome\u00e7u. Majura k\u0306ele, Xasani\u015fi Lazuri dido mskva ren, mskva Lazuriten Lazi\u015fi skidala\u015feni mi\u011far\u011falnan. Ma mk\u0306itxat-na, Lazi\u015fi skidala \u015feni ek\u0306o mskva and\u011fa\u015fakis mitis va a\u011far\u011falu. No\u011farepe mu\u015fiti dido k\u0306imetli ren. Entepetenti Lazepe\u015fi ambari m\u0292xade steri mo\u0292\u0306irapan.<\/p>\nAli \u0130hsan Aksamazi: <\/strong>Tkvanti gi\u00e7kinan, St\u0306alini\u015fi xe\u0292alak Helimi\u015fi Xasani jur fara u\u00e7vu. Mara Helimi\u015fi Xasanik Xuru\u015f\u00e7ovi \u015feni p\u0306at\u0306i \u00e7\u0306arups do St\u0306alini \u015feni k\u0306ai. Amk\u0306ata ar \u015fiiriti ku\u011fun. mu\u015feni? Tkvan mu izmont?<\/p>\nGivi G. Kar\u00e7ava<\/strong>: Mtini gi\u0292\u0306vat\u015fi, ma em \u015fiiri va vi\u00e7inop. Beki mik\u0306itxapun – Helimi\u015fi\u015fi kitabi \u201cMu p\u0306at e skiri\u201c 2006 \u0292\u0306anas gamaxtu\u015fi, kep\u0306\u00e7\u0306opi do ti\u015fen k\u0306udeli\u015fa dovik\u0306itxi, ama iri leksi va m\u015funs. E\u015fo leksi rt\u0306as nati, va gomak\u0306viren. Mu\u015feni-do, St\u0306alini\u015fi oras \u00e7kva do \u00e7kva k\u0306ele nau\u00e7ves, naon\u0292\u0306orines do xolo St\u0306alinis naubirt\u0306es k\u0306o\u00e7epe dido renan. Amu\u015fi sebebi dido perpu matkvenan – St\u0306alini\u015fi Bol\u015fevik\u0306uri rejimik k\u0306o\u00e7epes \u015furi e\u015fumert\u0306u, zlip\u0306upt\u0306u, \u00e7\u0306inaxupt\u0306u do on\u0292\u0306orinamt\u0306u. K\u0306o\u00e7epes \u015fkurina u\u011fut\u0306es, skidala \u00e7kini movo\u015fletinat yado sist\u0306emis xara\u00e7i me\u00e7apt\u0306es. Sovyet\u0306uri orapes naskidut\u0306u do e\u015fo naikipt\u0306u dido \u015fairi do m\u00e7\u0306arale i\u00e7kinen. And\u011fa am k\u0306o\u00e7epes bazepek didi k\u0306rit\u0306i\u011fi o\u011fodapan, mot a\u015fkurinet\u0306esia, sist\u0306emi\u015fi k\u0306ar\u015fi mot var ulut\u0306esia. \u00a0Mu\u00e7\u0306o idat\u0306es? \u011eura\u015fa navara\u015fkurinen k\u0306o\u00e7i ma va mi\u00e7kin. Edo, k\u0306rit\u0306i\u011fi nao\u011fodamanpe entepe\u015fi svas doxuna\u015fi, muntepek mu qvat\u0306es mitis var u\u00e7kin.<\/p>\nXru\u015f\u00e7ovis mu\u015feni gyok\u0306itxaps do mu\u00e7\u0306o gyok\u0306itxaps, va mi\u00e7kin, ama Okorturas Xru\u015f\u00e7ovi navaqoropt\u0306es eya k\u0306ai mi\u00e7kin. 1961 \u0292\u0306anas Tiflisis Xru\u015f\u00e7ovi\u015fi o\u011furinu \u015feni ar t\u0306erorist\u0306uli eylemi ixaziru, ama KGB-k kognu do k\u0306o\u00e7epe ke\u00e7\u0306opu. Xru\u015f\u00e7ovikti Okortura do xalki mu\u015fi va qoropt\u0306u, moro. Helimi\u015fisti mutxani amk\u0306ata sebebi u\u011fut\u0306asint\u0306u, emu\u015feni gyok\u0306itxuk\u0306oti iqven, ma e\u015fo vicer.\u00a0 Ama m\u00e7\u0306ipa\u015fa\u015fi amu\u015fi sebebi ma va mi\u00e7kin.<\/p>\n
Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi:<\/strong> Xolo gk\u0306itxat; ar \u015fiiri koren: \u201cLazi vore, Lazi- Kartveli, \u00c7\u0306ani!\u201d Aya, Helimi\u015fi Xasani\u015fi \u015fiiri reni? Varna \u011fura mu\u015fi\u015fk\u0306ule mu\u015fi coxoten \u00e7\u0306areli reni?<\/p>\nGivi G. Kar\u00e7ava:<\/strong> Helimi\u015fi\u015fi leksi \u015feni mu ptkva. Akonepek zop\u0306onan-ki, mtini\u015fi Helimi\u015fi\u015f n\u00e7\u0306areli renia, meleni Lazepek zop\u0306onan, e\u015fo mutu Helimi\u015fik va n\u00e7\u0306arasunt\u0306u, mongoneri renia. Ma aya sp\u0306ek\u0306ulasyoni doma\u0292\u0306onen. Helimi\u015fik mu n\u00e7\u0306arasunt\u0306u do mu va n\u00e7\u0306arasunt\u0306u, eya \u00e7ki va mi\u00e7kinan, eya xvala \u00e7xonaperi Xasanis ku\u00e7kin. Am p\u0306roblemi\u015fi golo\u00e7\u0306k\u0306vidu\u015fi ar gza koren – Helimi\u015fi\u015fi xe\u015fno\u00e7\u0306are ka\u011fit\u0306epe koren, ek go\u0292\u0306k\u0306edan do a\u017eirasunonan. Amuten sp\u0306ek\u0306ulasyoni di\u00e7oden.<\/p>\nAli \u0130hsan Aksamazi: <\/strong>Mcve\u015fi Lazepes dido mcve\u015fi do dido mskva ar notkvame ku\u011fut\u0306es: \u201c\u011eomaneri mjoraten and\u011faneri dolokunu va iskurinen!\u201d Mara xoloti gk\u0306itxat do tkvanti mk\u0306ule- mk\u0306ule nena gemiktirit. A\u0292\u0306ikati \u0130sak\u0306i Jvania do \u0130skender \u0292\u0306ita\u015fi\u015fen; entepe\u015fi k\u0306ult\u0306uruli no\u00e7ali\u015fepe\u015fen molami\u015finit, mu iqven!<\/p>\nGivi G. Kar\u00e7ava: <\/strong>\u0130skender \u0292\u0306ita\u015fi do \u0130sak\u0306i Jvania Lazuri do Margaluri nenape\u015fi ist\u0306orias didi monk\u0306anoba nau\u011funan k\u0306o\u00e7epe renan. \u0130skender \u0292\u0306ita\u015fik Lazuri nena\u015fi opukiru \u015feni, oput\u0306e\u015fi nena\u015fi xali\u015fen modernuli nena\u015fi xali\u015fa moqonu \u015feni didi dulyape qu. \u0130sak\u0306i Jvania \u015feniti a\u015fo mutxani matkvenan – 1930-oni \u0292\u0306anapes Margaluri nenas p\u0306resa kome\u00e7u, nena\u015fi st\u0306andart\u0306iza\u0292ia do xali\u015fi oktiru \u015feni dido i\u00e7ali\u015fu. \u0130sak\u0306i Jvania k\u0306ala, mu\u00e7\u0306oti \u00e7kva Bol\u015fevik\u0306epe k\u0306ala ma \u00e7kimi dava mi\u011fun – Bol\u015fevik\u0306epe do entepe\u015fi noxvene dulyape k\u0306o\u00e7inoba \u015feni dido p\u0306at\u0306i doma\u0292\u0306onen. 1918-1921 \u0292\u0306anapes kort\u0306u Okortura\u015fi maartani So\u0292ial-demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli Resp\u0306ublik\u0306a, ek\u0306o demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli ki, and\u011faneri bazi Avrup\u0306uli devletepesti ek\u0306o demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli anayasa do k\u0306anonepe var u\u011funan. Am devleti Margalepekti dodges do am devleti \u015feni Margalepekti k\u0306ik\u0306ina ikipt\u0306es. Misali, Daniel Pipia, \u00e7kimi \u015feni enni didi Margali \u015fairi, am devleti \u015feni Bol\u015fevik\u0306uri Rusya\u015fi k\u0306ar\u015fi \u00e7kvape k\u0306ala revolu\u0292ia ikipt\u0306u do do\u011furines, sapule mu\u015fi so ren and\u011fati va mi\u00e7kinan. Naptkvi steri aya rt\u0306u mtini\u015fi demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli, xalk\u0306i\u015fi devleti. Ar ambari dogi\u0292\u0306vatminon am devletis Margaluri nena\u015fi hak\u0306epe \u015feni. 1918 \u0292\u0306anas devleti kodoidgu. Am orapes, ar grubi kort\u0306u, Margalepe\u015fi k\u0306ult\u0306uruli grubi, \u201cMapalu\u201d coxont\u0306u. Ar k\u0306o\u00e7ik, em ora\u015fi k\u0306azetapes \u201cMapalu\u201d-\u015fi k\u0306ar\u015fi ar makale don\u00e7\u0306aru, entepe Margaluri nena\u015fi hak\u0306epe\u015fen i\u00e7ali\u015fepan do sep\u0306arat\u0306ist\u0306epe renania, m\u0292udi\u015fi k\u0306abaet\u0306i mok\u0306idu yani. 1919 \u0292\u0306anas Okortura\u015fi Demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli Resp\u0306ublik\u0306a\u015fi adliek am dulya \u015feni duru\u015fma doqu do kododginu-ki, \u201cMapalu\u201d Margaluri nena \u015feni naikipt\u0306u dulya sep\u0306arat\u0306ist\u0306oba va rt\u0306u do \u201cMapalu\u201d-\u015fi k\u0306o\u00e7epes k\u0306abaet\u0306i kamo\u0292\u0306k\u0306u. Yani, irik\u0306ele, iri k\u0306at\u0306egoriten dido demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli do mskva naort\u0306u devleti 1921 \u0292\u0306ana\u015fi 25 k\u0306unduras (100 \u0292\u0306ana \u0292\u0306oxle) Bol\u015fevik\u0306uri Rusyak i\u015fgaliten kae\u00e7\u0306opu do dido k\u0306o\u00e7epe do\u011furinu. Rusi Bol\u015fevik\u0306epes yerli Bol\u015fevik\u0306epekti mxuci me\u00e7apt\u0306es do \u0130sak\u0306i Jvania arte\u011fi rt\u0306u, demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli devleti\u015fi k\u0306ar\u015fi p\u0306art\u0306izanoba ikipt\u0306u. Aya ren didi leke \u0130sak\u0306i Jvania\u015fi biografis, navar i\u00e7xen ar leke. Bol\u015fevik\u0306uri xe\u0292alak eya k\u0306aixe\u015fa doxmaru dulyape mu\u015fi \u015feni do 1937 \u0292\u0306anas, \u015furiten do guriten Bol\u015fevik\u0306i nart\u0306u k\u0306o\u00e7i, mema\u017egvanepe\u015fi t\u0306erorist\u0306uli organizasyonis mpuleri i\u00e7ali\u015fepsia do mutu nau\u011fut\u0306u keyu\u00e7\u0306opes do do\u011furines. Bol\u015fevizmi aya rt\u0306u i\u015ft\u0306e – k\u0306o\u00e7epe oxmarapt\u0306u do uk\u0306a\u00e7xe o\u011furinapt\u0306u. Mara, naptkvi steri, aya \u0130sak\u0306i Jvania\u015fi p\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306uri t\u0306arafi ren, mutu va maxvenenan, mara Margaluri nena\u015fen na uxvenapun dulyape \u015feni k\u0306imeti mu\u015fi va ma\u0292\u0306onenasteri monk\u0306a ren. Didi dulya qu do didi mirasi memi\u015fk\u0306ves.<\/p>\nAli \u0130hsan Aksamazi: <\/strong>A\u0292\u0306i Gurcistani\u015fi Demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli Cumhuriyeti\u015fen k\u0306itxalape komi\u011fun tkvanda. Gurcistani\u015fi Demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli Cumhuriyeti skidat\u0306uk\u0306onna, Margalepesti, Lazepesti, Svanepesti, Apxazepesti do majura xalk\u0306epesti nenape mutepe\u015fiten k\u0306ult\u0306uruli avt\u0306onomia me\u00e7asunt\u0306u, e\u015foi?! Gurcistani\u015fi Demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli Cumhuriyeti\u015fi dixa so gei\u00e7\u0306k\u0306et\u0306u so i\u00e7odet\u0306u? Namu oxen\u0292alepek di\u00e7inu Gurcistani\u015fi Demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli Cumhuriyeti?<\/p>\nGivi G. Kar\u00e7ava<\/strong>: Gurcistani\u015fi Demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli Cumhuriyeti skidat\u0306uk\u0306onna, mis mu me\u00e7asint\u0306u mitis var u\u00e7kin, navaskidu devleti \u015feni do navarixveninu dulyape \u015feni sp\u0306ek\u0306ulasioni va maxvenen. Ama, am devleti mtini\u015fi Demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli devleti rt\u0306u, and\u011faneri Gyulva Avrup\u0306as narenan devletepe steri. 1921 \u0292\u0306ana\u015fi anayasa steri demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli anayasa a\u0292\u0306iti dido devletepes var u\u011funan. Misali, am anayasa\u015fi 129-ani dudik a\u015fo mutxani zop\u0306ont\u0306u: \u201cNananena mu\u015fiten on\u00e7\u0306aru\u015fi, o\u011far\u011falu\u015fi do gamo\u00e7kvinu\u015fi hak\u0306i iris ku\u011fun\u201d. Amu\u015fi gale, nana\u015fi nena \u015feni dido mutu zop\u0306ont\u0306u 1921 \u0292\u0306ana\u015fi anayasak do gin\u017ee do didi hak\u0306epe me\u00e7apt\u0306u k\u0306o\u00e7epes. Naptkvi steri, 1919 \u0292\u0306anas, Gurcistani\u015fi demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli Cumhuriyeti\u015fi adliek duru\u015fma doqu do Margalepe\u015fi k\u0306ult\u0306uruli grubi \u201cMapalu\u201d \u015feni tku-ki, am grubi naikips k\u0306ult\u0306uruli dulyape devleti \u015feni p\u0306at\u0306i do o\u015fkurinoni va renia. Aya rt\u0306u demonst\u0306ra\u0292iuli p\u0306re\u0292edent\u0306i, em cumhuriyeti\u015fi \u015furi namo\u0292\u0306irapan ar orne\u011fi.<\/p>\nApxazepes Gurcistani\u015fi Demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli Cumhuriyeti\u015fi doloxe avt\u0306onomia ku\u011fut\u0306es. \u0292\u0306oxle, Bol\u015fevik\u0306i Apxazepe\u015fi ar grubik \u00e7kin gamavik\u0306atatminonanya do silaxiten gamaxtes devleti\u015fi k\u0306ar\u015fi. Ama Gurcistani\u015fi Demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli Cumhuriyetik entepes gyocginu do omt\u0306inu. Ama avt\u0306onomia \u015feni \u201cvar\u201d var utkvalun. 1920 \u0292\u0306anas Apxazepes m\u00e7ire avt\u0306onomia kome\u00e7es. Apxazepe\u015fi gale avt\u0306onomia u\u011fut\u0306u \u201cZakatala\u015fi ok\u0306rugi\u201d-s, Xrist\u0306iani do Muslimani Kortupe naskidunan do etnograpiuli coxo Hereti do Saingilo nacoxons let\u0306as. Am let\u0306a St\u0306alinik Azerbaicanis kome\u00e7u do and\u011fa Azerbaicani\u015fi doloxe ren. Naskidunan xalk\u0306epes (Kortupe, Avarepe, \u0292\u0306axurepe, Tabasaranurepe, Udepe, lek\u0306epe do \u00e7kvape) avt\u0306onomia var u\u011funan. Xolo ar avt\u0306onomia kort\u0306u: Samuslimano Sakartvelo\u201c (Muslimuri Gurcistani). Eya\u015fi doloxe Mesxeti, A\u00e7\u0306ara, and\u011faneri Artvini, Qarsi do Ardahani do Lazist\u0306ani\u015fi ar par\u00e7a amulut\u0306es. \u00c7kva nd\u011falepes mu do mu\u00e7\u0306o iqvat\u0306u, mitis var u\u00e7kin. Am devletik xvala sum \u0292\u0306ana skidu, \u00a0uk\u0306ule Bol\u015fevik\u0306uri Rusyak i\u015fgaliten ke\u00e7\u0306opu, so\u0292ial-demok\u0306rat\u0306epe\u015fi hukumeti get\u0306k\u0306o\u00e7u, nadoskidupe xapisepes komolaxunu, vana do\u011furinu do a\u015fopeten do\u00e7odinu a\u011fani devleti. Ama, ma mk\u0306itxat-na, am devletik skidat\u0306uk\u0306ona, devleti\u015fi doloxe nart\u0306u nenape do k\u0306ult\u0306urape \u015feni k\u0306ai iqvasint\u0306u, ma a\u015fo vicer.<\/p>\n
Devleti\u015fi let\u0306a xarit\u0306as naga\u017eirenan steri rt\u0306u. Yani, milletepe\u015fi ligak am xarit\u0306as nart\u0306u steri i\u00e7inu Gurcistani. Ama, Gurcistani\u015fi Demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli Cumhuriyeti\u015fi on\u017e\u011fonape \u015feni dido kitabepe do makalepe n\u00e7\u0306areli ren, mis mus iddia do dava u\u011fut\u0306u, on\u017e\u011fona so golulut\u0306u do so golaxtasunt\u0306u \u015feni. 1921 \u0292\u0306anas devletik nik\u0306arbu\u015fk\u0306ule, Bol\u015fevik\u0306epek xarit\u0306as nai\u017eiren let\u0306ape\u015fi didope Ermenist\u0306anis, Azerbaicanis, Turkies do Rusepes ok\u0306urtes do Gurcistani and\u011fa nami\u00e7kinan on\u017e\u011fona\u015fi doloxe kona\u015fkves.<\/p>\n
Ali \u0130hsan Aksamazi: <\/strong>1918 \u0292\u0306ana\u015fen 1921 \u0292\u0306ana\u015fakis Gurcistani\u015fi Demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli Cumhuriyetis ar bandara ku\u011fut\u0306u. Aya bandara 1990 \u0292\u0306ana\u015fen 2004 \u0292\u0306ana\u015fakisti ixmarinu.\u00a0 E\u015fo mi\u00e7kin. Aya bandara ipti Lenini\u015fi Bol\u015fevik\u0306uri xe\u0292alak goktiru, uk\u0306uleti Saak\u0306a\u015fvili\u015fi xe\u0292alak. A\u015fo mi\u00e7kin. Mu\u015feni?<\/p>\nGivi G. Kar\u00e7ava: <\/strong>Bandarape\u015fi dulya a\u015fo ren: 1918 \u0292\u0306anas \u0130ak\u0306ob Nik\u0306ola\u017ee\u015fi do \u0130oseb \u015earlemani\u015fi dizainiten Gurcistani\u015fi Demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli Cumhuriyeti\u015fi bandara i\u011farinu do ite\u015fkilu. 1921 \u0292\u0306anas, Gurcistani\u015fi devleti Bol\u015fevik\u0306epe\u015fi xe\u015fen nik\u0306arbinu\u015fk\u0306ule, Bol\u015fevik\u0306ipek devletepe\u015fi do xalk\u0306epe\u015fi na\u0292ionalist\u0306uri sembolepe yasa\u011fi do\u0292\u0306opxes do iri cumhuriyetis a\u011fne bandarape duxvenes. 1991 \u0292\u0306anas, Sovietepe kak\u0306ixvu do Gurcistani xolo timo\u015fletineri iqu\u015fk\u0306ule, 1918 \u0292\u0306ana\u015fi bandara ixmarinu. 2003 \u0292\u0306ana\u015fi \u201cDadalepe\u015fi Revolu\u0292ia\u015fk\u0306ule\u201d, Saak\u0306a\u015fvili\u015fi hukumetik tku-ki, a\u011fani pormasioni\u015fi devleti voret do a\u011fani sembolepe doma\u00e7\u0306irenania. E\u015fopeten, ke\u015fa\u0292xunes dido mcve\u015fi, ist\u0306oriuli ar bandara. Am bandara Ancelino Dul\u00e7eri\u015fi 1339 \u0292\u0306ana\u015fi xarit\u0306as do Pran\u00e7esk\u0306o do Domenik\u0306o p\u0306i\u0292iganepe\u015fi 1367 \u0292\u0306ana\u015fi xarit\u0306as i\u017eiren Okortura\u015fi omape\u015fi svas. Ma nami\u00e7kin ak\u0306onari ren.<\/p>\nAli \u0130hsan Aksamazi: <\/strong>Ma tarixi\u015fi mamgurapale va vore mara tarixi\u015fen k\u0306aixe\u015fa ambai komi\u011fun. Ar xalk\u0306i\u015fi tarixi xvala em xalk\u0306i\u015fi tarixi va ren. Majurape\u015fi tarixiti ren. Majurape\u015fi tarixiti em xalk\u0306i\u015fi tarixi ren. Arm\u0292ika gin\u017ee iqvasunon, mixarsuvit! Tkvanti gi\u00e7kinan, Maartani Didi Lima\u015fi oras, didi oxen\u0292alepe jur du\u015fman-p\u0306akt\u0306i\u015fi doloxe rt\u0306es. Didi Brit\u0306anya, \u0292aroba\u015fi Rusya, Fransa do \u0130t\u0306alia\u015fi omape rt\u0306u maartani p\u0306akt\u0306i\u015fi doloxe. Alamaniya\u015fi \u0130mp\u0306eria, Avust\u0306urya-Macaristani do Osmaneti\u015f oxen\u0292aleti majurani p\u0306akt\u0306i\u015fi doloxe rt\u0306u. Dido di\u0292xironi lima rt\u0306u. Milyonepeten k\u0306o\u00e7i do\u011furu. \u00c7kvado\u00e7kva sebebepeten Rusya\u015fi Milletik ti-e\u0292\u0306azdu. Edo 1917-K\u0306undura\u015fi gektalatenti Rusya\u015fi \u0292aroba dilixvu. K\u0306erensk\u0306ik xe\u0292alas xe gexvu. K\u0306erensk\u0306i\u015fi xe\u0292alakti \u0292aroba\u015fi xe\u0292ala\u015fi lima\u015fi p\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306apes naqonupt\u0306u. Xalk\u0306iti, askerepeti \u00e7kar memnuni var t\u0306es. Milleti ugyareli, u\u0292\u0306k\u0306areli do xarmeli rt\u0306u.\u00a0 Milleti udodginu \u011furut\u0306u. Oxen\u0292ale\u015fi ot\u0306orit\u0306e va rt\u0306u. Kaosi ye\u00e7kindu k\u0306arta speros. Emoras Lenini u\u00e7vas t\u0306u, \u0130svi\u00e7res skidut\u0306u. Mo\u0292\u0306qva\u015fi p\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306apes numxvacupt\u0306u Leninik. Mo\u0292\u0306qva\u015fi p\u0306rogrami ku\u011fut\u0306u Leninis. Leninik, \u201cHele, dobadona \u00e7kimis ar amapta, milleti \u00e7kimi ugyareloba, u\u0292\u0306k\u0306aroba, xarmaloba\u015fen; dobadona \u00e7kimiti lima\u015fen kamu\u00e7itas. \u00c7kin Rusya\u015fi xe\u0292alas xe gebdvat\u015fi, aya lima\u015fen gamaptatminonanya,\u201d tkumert\u0306u. K\u0306arta d\u011fas a\u015fo \u00e7\u0306arupt\u0306u do e\u015foti zop\u0306ont\u0306u. Lima\u015fi ora rt\u0306u emu\u015feniti mteli gzalepe genk\u0306ileri rt\u0306u. Rusya\u015fa mextimu\u015fi menceli va u\u011fut\u0306u. Alamanya\u015fi \u0130mp\u0306eria\u015fi mpuleri k\u0306o\u00e7epekti Leninis t\u0306k\u0306oba\u015fa nusimint\u0306es.\u00a0 Alamanya\u015fi imp\u0306erat\u0306orik mo\u0292\u0306qva\u015fi nena kognu\u015fi, dido ixelu.\u00a0 Edo Alamaniya\u015fi \u0130mp\u0306eria\u015fi \u015fvelaten Lenini t\u0306k\u0306oba\u015fa Rusya\u015fa komextu. Mara Leninis aya \u015fvela\u015fen \u00e7kar ambari va u\u011fut\u0306u. Edo xe\u0292alas xe gedvu. K\u0306erensk\u0306i Rusya\u015fen imt\u0306u. A\u0292\u0306iti doloxeni ok\u0306ok\u0306idinu ye\u00e7kinderet\u0306u Rusyas. Aya fursat\u0306iten, O\u00e7ildre K\u0306afk\u0306asyas O\u00e7ildre K\u0306afk\u0306asya\u015fi Cumhuriyeti, Omjore K\u0306afk\u0306asyasti Omjore K\u0306afk\u0306asya Demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli Federaluri Cumhuriyeti\/ Omjore K\u0306afk\u0306asya\u015fi Seymi geidginu.\u00a0 A\u0292\u0306ineri Rusya\u015fi Federasyoni\u015fi cumhuriyetepe\u015fen K\u0306ara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya, K\u0306abardey-Balk\u0306arya, \u00c7e\u00e7enistani, \u0130ngu\u015feti, O\u00e7ildre Oseti do Da\u011fistani O\u00e7ildre K\u0306afk\u0306asya\u015fi Cumhuriyeti\u015fi doloxe rt\u0306u. A\u0292\u0306ineri Gurcistani, Ermenistani do Azerbaycaniti Omjore K\u0306afk\u0306asya Demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli Federaluri Cumhuriyeti\u015fi\/ Omjore K\u0306afk\u0306asya\u015fi Seymi\u015fi doloxe rt\u0306u. \u0130pti Omjore K\u0306afk\u0306asya Demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli Federaluri Cumhuriyeti\/ Omjore K\u0306afk\u0306asya\u015fi Seymi go\u015fib\u011fu. Edo ekolen sum oxen\u0292ale kogamaxtu: Gurcistani\u015fi Demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli Cumhuriyeti, Ermenistani\u015fi Demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli Cumhuriyeti do Azerbaycani\u015fi Demok\u0306ratiuli Cumhuriyeti. Uk\u0306uleti svalyari Bol\u015fevik\u0306epe\u015fi \u015fvelaten, Mosk\u0306ova\u015fa mek\u0306ireli M\u00e7\u0306ita Armiak O\u00e7ildre K\u0306afk\u0306asyasti, Omjore K\u0306afk\u0306asyasti xe gedvu. Edo Lenini\u015fi xe\u0292alak do Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u015fi xe\u0292alak and\u011faneri sinorepe do\u011faru. Leninik natkusteri doqu. Leninis jeop\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306a\u015fen ambai ku\u011fut\u0306u. Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fasti jeop\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306a\u015fen ambai ku\u011fut\u0306u; naunt\u0306u steri doqu. Aya a\u0292\u0306ineri m\u0292xade ren. O\u00e7ildre K\u0306afk\u0306asya\u015fi Cumhuriyetiti, Omjore K\u0306afk\u0306asya\u015fi Demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli Federaluri Cumhuriyetiti\/ Omjore K\u0306afk\u0306asya\u015fi Seymiti,\u00a0\u00a0 uk\u0306uleti Gurcistani\u015fi Demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli Cumhuriyetiti, Ermenistani\u015fi Demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli Cumhuriyetiti do Azerbaycani\u015fi Demok\u0306ratiuli Cumhuriyetiti ent\u0306ernasyonaluri p\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306uri k\u0306onjokt\u0306urik yo\u00e7kindu. Mara aya oxen\u0292alepe noseri Leninik do noseri Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fak xe ok\u0306ok\u0306limeri ke\u00e7\u0306k\u0306vides. Ayati m\u0292xade ren. Dido gin\u017ee iqu, mixarsuvit! A\u0292\u0306iti gk\u0306itxat: Omjore K\u0306afk\u0306asya Demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli Federaluri Cumhuriyeti\/ Omjore K\u0306afk\u0306asya\u015fi Seymi mu\u015feni go\u015fib\u011fu?\u00a0 Omjore K\u0306afk\u0306asya\u015fi Seymi skidat\u0306uk\u0306onna, a\u0292\u0306ineri O\u00e7ildre do Omjore K\u0306afk\u0306asya mu xalis iqvasunt\u0306u? Tkvan mu izmont?<\/p>\nGivi G. Kar\u00e7ava: <\/strong>Lenini do Ataturkis didi jeop\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306uri dulyape\u015fi doloxe didi roli nau\u011fut\u0306es, eya komi\u00e7kinan do entepekti \u00e7kvado\u00e7kva p\u0306ro\u0292esepes xe na nu\u0292\u0306qvapt\u0306es, eti m\u0292xade ren. Ama, Omjore K\u0306avk\u0306asiuri devletepe \u015feni Lenini do Ataturki\u015fi eno\u00e7kinde ren iao tkvalu, mtini varen ma mk\u0306itxatna. Omjore K\u0306afk\u0306asia\u015fi Seimi mu\u015feni go\u015fib\u011fu – ma am tarixi k\u0306ai mi\u00e7kin do sebebepe mu\u015fiti matkven ma gi\u0292\u0306vat\u015fi, m\u0292udi iqven. Am dulyapes mu\u015fi eksp\u0306ert\u0306epe uqonun, ar\u015fivepes namolaxenan do nadigurapan k\u0306o\u00e7epe. Antepe \u00e7kimi spero varen, ma ek\u0306onari vami\u00e7kin-ki, ama nami\u00e7kin do navisimadep, aya ren: Okortura\u015fi, Azerbaicani\u015fi do Ermenistani\u015fi mamc\u011fonale p\u0306art\u0306iapek didu\u015funes-ki, 1917 M\u00e7\u0306ita Revolu\u0292ia\u015fk\u0306ule, M\u00e7\u0306ita Rusya\u015fi k\u0306ar\u015fi artot dodginu daha p\u0306ragmat\u0306i\u011fi iqvasint\u0306u – dunya\u015fi tolisti didi \u0292\u0306ona u\u011fut\u0306asint\u0306u am artobas. Xvala Rusya vardo, Turkiesti toli u\u011fut\u0306u ist\u0306oriuli Sumexuri do Kortuli let\u0306ape\u015fa, Brest\u0306-Lit\u0306ovsk\u0306i\u015fi ok\u0306otkvalutenti Leninik Qarsi\u015fi, Batumi\u015fi do Ardahani\u015fi p\u0306rovin\u0292iape Turkies me\u00e7asunt\u0306u, ama, Omjore K\u0306avk\u0306asia\u015fi k\u0306omisariat\u0306i k\u0306ala aya ok\u0306otkveri var t\u0306u do entepek k\u0306abuli var ikipt\u0306es. Turkiekti ask\u0306eriten amaxtu do Batumi, Mesxeti do Gurias kododgitu. Yani, ma mk\u0306itxat-na, ok\u0306odgineri devleti\u015fi gedgalu\u015fi iri\u015fen \u0292\u0306oxleni sebebi aya rt\u0306u. Mu\u015feni go\u015fib\u011fu? Mu\u015fenido, eya\u015fi gedgalu\u015feni \u00e7kva didi p\u0306ragmat\u0306uli, p\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306uri do k\u0306ult\u0306uruli sebebepe var t\u0306u. Misali, Avrup\u0306a\u015fi Artobas devletepek naok\u0306itkves do am artoba\u015fi doloxe mu\u015feni skidasunonan nau\u00e7kinan, K\u0306avk\u0306asias e\u015fo mutu vart\u0306u. Omjore K\u0306avk\u0306asia\u015fi devletepek arto vort\u0306at yado dokok\u0306i\u00e7\u0306abes, jile Rusyak do \u0292\u0306ale Turkiek memzlip\u0306asunonan yado artot kododgites, mara xvala aya sebebi var uba\u011fut\u0306u. Entepes artik\u0306arti\u015f k\u0306alati let\u0306a\u015fi p\u0306ret\u0306enziape u\u011fut\u0306es, misali, 1918 \u0292\u0306anas, Okortura, Azerbaicani do Ermenistanikti mo\u015fletineri diqve\u015fk\u0306ule, Ermenistanik Sumexepe naskidunan Okortura\u015fi let\u0306ape ep\u0306\u00e7\u0306opare yado, Okortura\u015fi i\u015fgali dolingonu do ask\u0306erepe o\u00e7ku, ama icginu do uk\u0306uniktu. Xolo, ayni sebebiten 1918-1920 \u0292\u0306anapes Azerbaicani do Ermenistanis didi k\u0306ab\u011fa u\u011fut\u0306es, so\u011funi, Rusi\u015fi m\u00e7\u0306ita ask\u0306erik kamaxtu do juriti ke\u00e7\u0306opu. \u00c7kva xolo, am devletepe\u015fi doloxe na\u0292ionaluri harek\u0306et\u0306epe menceloni t\u0306u do iris na\u0292ionaluri devleti\u015fi gedgalu\u015fa toli u\u011fut\u0306u, hemu\u015feni ar didi devleti\u015fi doloxe oskedinu ut\u0306op\u0306ia rt\u0306u. \u00a0Ma mk\u0306itxatna, Omjore K\u0306avk\u0306asia\u015fi devletepe\u015fen ar devleti oxvenu k\u0306ai va mi\u0292\u0306ons. P\u0306olit\u0306ik\u0306uri artoba iqven, Avrup\u0306a\u015fi Artoba steri, vana emu\u015fa mengaperi. \u0130ris mu\u015fi eyaleti u\u011fut\u0306asinon, irik mu\u015fi k\u0306ult\u0306ura do nena \u00e7vasinon, do didi man\u017eagerepe\u015fi do entepe\u015fi ent\u0306eresepe\u015fi k\u0306ar\u015fi ar \u015femsie\u015fi tude dodgitunan-na, eya k\u0306ai iqvasinon. Emoras O\u00e7ildre K\u0306avk\u0306asia\u015fi xalk\u0306epesti umudi na\u00e7asunonan. O\u00e7ildre K\u0306avk\u0306asiuri miletepe\u015fiti mo\u015fletinu\u015fi ar te\u011fi gza Okortura ren, ma e\u015fo doma\u0292\u0306onen. Okorturak menceloni do demok\u0306rat\u0306iuli devleti iqvas-na, Avrop\u0306a\u015fi artobas ak\u0306atas-na, NAT\u0306O-\u015fi ask\u0306eri Okorturas dodgitas-na, O\u00e7ildre K\u0306avk\u0306asiuri xalk\u0306epesti mo\u015fletinu\u015fi \u015fansi u\u011funan. Gorupanna, tabi. Vagorupan-na, Rusya\u015fi doloxe iqvasunonan, and\u011faneri steri. Edo, xvala entepe\u015fi var do mteli K\u0306avk\u0306asiuri miletepe \u015feni mo\u0292\u0306qvina\u015fi, k\u0306ab\u011fape o\u00e7odinu\u015fi gza ma a\u015fo doma\u0292\u0306onen \u2013 Rusuli \u015femsie\u015fen gamaxtimu, Rusuli osterupe\u015fen gamaxtimu do artik\u0306arti k\u0306ala toli tolis dolo\u0292\u0306k\u0306omileri o\u011far\u011falu. K\u0306avk\u0306asia\u015fi regionis naren k\u0306onplikt\u0306epe xvala ar akt\u0306ori \u015feni, Rusya \u015feni k\u0306ai ren. Am regionis k\u0306onplikt\u0306epe iqva\u015fa, am regionis devletepek do xalk\u0306epek artimajura k\u0306ala i\u00e7\u0306k\u0306oman\u015fa, ak mo\u0292\u0306qvina va iqven, edo mo\u0292\u0306qvina navariqven svas, ek\u0306onomiti va pukiraps. namatkven k\u0306onari aya ren.<\/p>\nAli \u0130hsan Aksamazi:<\/strong> Tkvanti ginonan na, ar m\u0292ikati Nugzar \u017do\u017eua\u015fen molami\u015finit, mu iqven. 1989 \u0292\u0306anas t\u0306u, Nugzar \u017do\u017euak Apxazeti\u015fi t\u0306elevizyoni\u015fen Megrelepe\u015fi nena o\u015finaxu\u015fen do\u011far\u011falu. Mara emoras emus dido reaksiyoni kome\u00e7es \u00e7kineburi namtini u\u011fnosepek. Aya rt\u0306u Apxazeti\u015fi k\u0306at\u0306asropi\u015fen \u0292\u0306oxle, gi\u00e7kinan.<\/p>\nGivi G. Kar\u00e7ava: <\/strong>Nugzar \u017do\u017eua \u015feni tkvanden vogni \u0292\u0306anape \u0292\u0306oxle. Eya k\u0306o\u00e7ik mu tku, mu\u00e7\u0306o tku, mutu va mi\u00e7kin. Video\u015fi k\u0306aidi va ma\u017eiru, k\u0306o\u00e7iti va vi\u00e7inop. Sa\u011fi reni, va reni, eti va mi\u00e7kin do navami\u00e7kin ondi \u015feni mutu va matkven. Soti video mu\u015fi ren-na, vana Apxazeti\u015f t\u0306elevizionis nagamaxtu do \u011far\u011falu\u015fi st\u0306enograma ren-na, komominc\u011fonit, mu iqven do mati mi\u011fut\u0306as do vik\u0306itxa.<\/p>\nNaqonasunon\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n+<\/strong><\/p>\n\u10dc\u10dd\u10ec\u10d8\u10da\u10d4 3<\/p>\n
\u201c<\/strong>\u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10db\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>\u10dc\u10d0\u10e7\u10e3<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e0<\/strong> \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8<\/strong> \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3<\/strong>!\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u201c\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d8\u201d \u10f2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8? \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10dc\u10d0, \u10d0\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e5 \u10db\u10e3 \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10e9\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc? \u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10e1\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10dc \u10f2\u10d4\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0? \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0, \u201c\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u201d,\u00a0 \u10dd\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8? \u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10dc\u10d0, \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d5\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10dc\u10d0, \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8? \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10e3 \u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7?<\/p>\n\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d2<\/strong>. <\/strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10d0\u10db \u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e1\u10dd\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d4\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc.<\/p>\n\u201c\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u201d-\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3 \u10d2\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7 – \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e6\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d8. \u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10dd, \u10d3\u10e3\u10dc\u10f2\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ef\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0 \u10d8\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc. \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0 (Kartvelology, Kartvelian Studies) \u10f2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10de\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d0\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10de\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd \u10e4\u10d0\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10e1.<\/p>\n
\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d5\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 – \u10d6\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc. \u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10d7 \u10dc\u10d0, \u10d4\u10d7\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d4\u10d7\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d7\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10e8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e8\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d0\u10f0\u10d0 \u10db\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc. \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10f2\u10d4\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d8\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3, \u10d0\u10db \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd \u10e3\u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10e4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d0\u10db\u10d0, \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ef\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10db \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d7\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e9\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3: \u10d8\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4, \u10dd\u10db\u10df\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4-\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4, \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0 \u10e0\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10e4\u10d4, \u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da-\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4, \u10de\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10dd-\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0. \u10d4\u10d3\u10dd, \u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u201c\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u201d \u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10ee\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d2\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8\u10ea\u10ee\u10e3\u10dc\u10e3, \u10db\u10eb\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10eb\u10d0\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8 \u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10e3\u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10e4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8. \u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8, \u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8, \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e6\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc. \u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d8\u10ef\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4, \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d8\u10ee\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0 \u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4, \u201c\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u201d \u10dc\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10f2\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4, \u10d0\u10db\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d6\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10dc – \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e6\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10e7\u10e3. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, Turkic Language-\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd \u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10d5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd \u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d2\u10f2\u10dd\u10d3\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc \u10e3\u10d6\u10d1\u10d4\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5, \u10e7\u10d0\u10d6\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5, \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5, \u10e7\u10d0\u10da\u10db\u10e3\u10ee\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd \u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d4\u10d3\u10dd, \u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10e6\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e8\u10dd\u10e2\u10da\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d2\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10dc, \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10e3\u10dc \u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10ee\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d1\u10d8\u10e0\u10db\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e2\u10d8\u10d1\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8, Sino-Tibetan \u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d2\u10f2\u10dd\u10eb\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10ef\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, Sino \u10db\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10d2\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10dc. \u10d4\u10d3\u10dd, \u10db\u10e3 \u10e4\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc – \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d4\u10da\u10d4 \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4. \u10d2\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10ed\u10d9\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d3\u10e3\u10dc\u10f2\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ef\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d3\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd \u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc, \u10dc\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd \u10d3\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d4\u10ef\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc-\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e5\u10d7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc, \u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0.<\/p>\n
\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>: \u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10db \u10d9\u10dd\u10f2\u10e3\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7. \u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10db \u10d9\u10dd\u10f2\u10e3\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d4\u10db\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d4\u10db\u10d8 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10d1\u10d4\u10ef\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d8\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3. \u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd. 33 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3, \u10d3\u10d0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10d2\u10d4\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3, \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10eb\u10d0\u10d1\u10e3\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1. \u10e6\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10dd\u10d7\u10d8\u10e5 \u10e8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e9\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1! \u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10db \u10d9\u10dd\u10f2\u10e3\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8 \u10db\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d4 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8, \u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8, \u10db\u10d7\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ef\u10e3\u10db\u10d0\u10da\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u00a0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd\u10e7\u10e3. \u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10e7\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10e1\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0\u10df\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e9\u10e3. \u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc. \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10db \u10d9\u10dd\u10f2\u10e3\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc. \u10db\u10e3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10f0\u10d4\u10db\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10db \u10d9\u10dd\u10f2\u10e3\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10f2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc?<\/p>\n\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d2<\/strong>. <\/strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong>: \u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd \u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10e3 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d8\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3-\u10e5\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d4 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3. \u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10e7\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3. \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10ea\u10ee\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e2\u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10da\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0\u10d3\u10e3 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3. \u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e5, \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10f7\u10e8 \u10d1\u10d4\u10e8\u10da\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d7, \u10ec\u10dd\u10ee\u10da\u10d4 \u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd \u10ee\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10d1\u10d8\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10dd\u10d8\u10ed\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e9\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d4 \u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10e0\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10de\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10e3\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e1, \u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0 \u10d2\u10dd\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d2\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc, \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ed\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10e1\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10dd\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d2\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10e6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3-\u10dc\u10d0, \u10d3\u10d0\u10f0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3, \u10db\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc.<\/p>\n\u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10db \u10d9\u10dd\u10d8\u10dc\u10ef\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ef\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d5\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8. 21 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d5\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10f0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d8\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e2\u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ef\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4 \u10d2\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10e3\u10e2\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d3\u10e3\u10e5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10f0\u10dd\u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10da\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10dd\u10ed\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d1\u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e8\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10e2\u10e3. \u10e8\u10d8\u10da\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e8\u10d8\u10da\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10e5 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e5 \u10db\u10e3\u10ed\u10dd \u10e7\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10e2\u10d4\u10d4\u10dc \u10d1\u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d9\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10f0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10d5\u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8.<\/p>\n
\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>: <\/strong>1990-\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u00a0 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10dd\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10f0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd \u10dc\u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1. \u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10e4\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e3\u10db\u10e9\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10f0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1. \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d4\u10ef\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10f0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8?<\/p>\n\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d2<\/strong>. <\/strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10e4\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d4\u10ef\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10db\u10e2\u10e3, \u10dd\u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10e3, \u10d0\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0 \u10dc\u10ec\u10d8\u10e0\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3. \u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e3\u10d3\u10dd\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10e2\u10e3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d4\u10ef\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc. \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8, \u10d3\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d2\u10d8\u10d0, \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 – \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10ea\u10ee\u10e3\u10e2\u10e3 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e5\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e5, \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4 \u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8, \u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd \u10d9\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e9\u10e3. \u10db\u10d0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d4\u10da\u10d4, \u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10e1\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc, \u10db\u10e1\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc. \u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10d7-\u10dc\u10d0, \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd \u10db\u10e1\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e6\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10e3. \u10dc\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10d9\u10d8\u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc.<\/p>\n\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc, \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5 \u10f0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10df\u10e3\u10e0 \u10f6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e9\u10d5\u10e3. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10f0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e5 \u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10e8\u10e9\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10e4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d8. \u10d0\u10db\u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc. \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8? \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10e3 \u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7?<\/p>\n\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d2<\/strong>. <\/strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong>: \u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0 \u10d4\u10db \u10e8\u10d8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e4. \u10d1\u10d4\u10e5\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10dc – \u10f0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d8 \u201c\u10db\u10e3 \u10de\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d4\u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u201d 2006 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d7\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8, \u10e5\u10d4\u10de\u10ed\u10dd\u10e4\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d9\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d8, \u10d0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10e8\u10e3\u10dc\u10e1. \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d5\u10d0 \u10d2\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc. \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8-\u10d3\u10dd, \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d4\u10da\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e3\u10e9\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1, \u10dc\u10d0\u10dd\u10dc\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e3\u10d1\u10d8\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10e4\u10e3 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc – \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10df\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e5 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e8\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3, \u10d6\u10da\u10d8\u10de\u10e3\u10e4\u10e2\u10e3, \u10ed\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e4\u10e2\u10e3 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dd\u10dc\u10ec\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10e2\u10e3. \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e8\u10e5\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d5\u10dd\u10e8\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10d7 \u10f2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d4\u10e9\u10d0\u10e4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1. \u10e1\u10dd\u10d5\u10f2\u10d4\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10e2\u10e3 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e4\u10e2\u10e3 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10e8\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10da\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e6\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e6\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc, \u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d0\u10e8\u10e5\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e1\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10da\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0. \u00a0\u10db\u10e3\u10ed\u10dd \u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1? \u10e6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10e5\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc. \u10d4\u10d3\u10dd, \u10d9\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10dd\u10e6\u10dd\u10d3\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd\u10ee\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10db\u10e3\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10db\u10e3 \u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc.<\/p>\n\u10ee\u10e0\u10e3\u10e8\u10e9\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10f2\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10e4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10e3\u10ed\u10dd \u10d2\u10f2\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10e4\u10e1, \u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc, \u10d0\u10db\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e0\u10e3\u10e8\u10e9\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc. 1961 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d7\u10d8\u10f6\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10e1 \u10ee\u10e0\u10e3\u10e8\u10e9\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d4\u10f2\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d8 \u10d8\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8\u10e0\u10e3, \u10d0\u10db\u10d0 KGB-\u10e5 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d2\u10dc\u10e3 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10ed\u10dd\u10e4\u10e3. \u10ee\u10e0\u10e3\u10e8\u10e9\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10e7\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd\u10e4\u10e2\u10e3, \u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10dd. \u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3, \u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10f2\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc, \u10db\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10d5\u10d8\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0.\u00a0 \u10d0\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10ed\u10d8\u10e4\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc.<\/p>\n
\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d2\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10d7; \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc: \u201c\u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4, \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8- \u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d5\u10d4\u10da\u10d8, \u10ed\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8!\u201d \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0, \u10f0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d8\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8? \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ef\u10dd\u10ee\u10dd\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10e0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8?<\/p>\n\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d2<\/strong>. <\/strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u10ee\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10da\u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3 \u10e4\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0. \u10d0\u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d6\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc-\u10e5\u10d8, \u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10e8 \u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0, \u10db\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d6\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10e3 \u10f0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10e5 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3, \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0. \u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10f2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10f0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10e5 \u10db\u10e3 \u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3 \u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10e3 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3, \u10d4\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d4\u10f2\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10e9\u10ee\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc. \u10d0\u10db \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d1\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10ed\u10d9\u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0 \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc – \u10f0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10e8\u10dc\u10dd\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d4\u10e5 \u10d2\u10dd\u10ec\u10d9\u10d4\u10d3\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e3\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10f2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10e9\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc.<\/p>\n\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u10db\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10e1\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10dc\u10dd\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d4 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1: \u201c\u10e6\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10df\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10e5\u10e3\u10dc\u10e3 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e5\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc!\u201d \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10d7\u10d8\u00a0 \u10d2\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10d7 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d4- \u10db\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d4\u10db\u10d8\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7. \u10d0\u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e5\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10df\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d8\u10e1\u10e5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc; \u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7, \u10db\u10e3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc!<\/p>\n\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d2<\/strong>. <\/strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u10d8\u10e1\u10e5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10df\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d8\u10e1\u10e5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0 \u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8\u10e5 \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10e5\u10d8\u10e0\u10e3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8, \u10dd\u10e4\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10d3\u10d4\u10e0\u10dc\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d0 \u10db\u10dd\u10e7\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e7\u10e3. \u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10df\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc – 1930-\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d0 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e9\u10e3, \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8\u10e0\u10e3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10d8\u10e9\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10e3. \u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10df\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d0, \u10db\u10e3\u10ed\u10dd\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc – \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10dd\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4 \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. 1918-1921 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3 \u10dd\u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10da-\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10de\u10e3\u10d1\u10da\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0, \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd \u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d8, \u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10de\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd \u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10f2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d9\u10d0\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc. \u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d3\u10d2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10d3\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d4\u10da \u10e4\u10d8\u10e4\u10d8\u10d0, \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d4\u10dc\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d0\u10d8\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10f2\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e4\u10e2\u10e3 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d3\u10dd\u10e6\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e1\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10da\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10dd \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc 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\u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ef\u10e3\u10db\u10f0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0. \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ef\u10e3\u10db\u10f0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dc\u10d0, \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8, \u10da\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8, \u10e1\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 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\u10ef\u10e3\u10db\u10f0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8?<\/p>\n\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d2<\/strong>. <\/strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong>: \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ef\u10e3\u10db\u10f0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dc\u10d0, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e3 \u10db\u10d4\u10e9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3 \u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc, \u10dc\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3 \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d0\u10db\u10d0, \u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3, \u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d2\u10f2\u10e3\u10da\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10de\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e1\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8. 1921 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10f2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10f2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0 \u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10f2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 129-\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8\u10e5 \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d6\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3: \u201c\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10dd\u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8, \u10dd\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u201d. \u10d0\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4, \u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d6\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3 1921 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10f2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e5 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10eb\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d0\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10e9\u10d0\u10e4\u10e2\u10e3 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1. \u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8, 1919 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ef\u10e3\u10db\u10f0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10d3\u10da\u10d8\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d3\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10e8\u10db\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd\u10e7\u10e3 \u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d2\u10e0\u10e3\u10d1\u10d8 \u201c\u10db\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u201d \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e5\u10e3-\u10e5\u10d8, \u10d0\u10db \u10d2\u10e0\u10e3\u10d1\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e4\u10e1 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10de\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dd\u10e8\u10e5\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3 \u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1\u10e2\u10e0\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10ea\u10d4\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d8, \u10d4\u10db \u10ef\u10e3\u10db\u10f0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0 \u10dd\u10e0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e6\u10d8.<\/p>\n\u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 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\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ef\u10e3\u10db\u10f0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e5 \u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d2\u10f2\u10dd\u10ef\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dd\u10db\u10e2\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3. \u10d0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u201c\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u201c \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10dc. 1920 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10e9\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e9\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4 \u10d0\u10d5\u10e2\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10e2\u10e3 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\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e5 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0, \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3, \u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd \u10d5\u10d8\u10ef\u10d4\u10e0.<\/p>\n
\u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10da\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d2\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10e1\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3. \u10f2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10da\u10d8\u10d2\u10d0\u10e5 \u10d0\u10db \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3 \u10e1\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8. \u10d0\u10db\u10d0, \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ef\u10e3\u10db\u10f0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10dc\u10eb\u10e6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10e5\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10e5\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10dc\u10ed\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e3\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d3\u10d3\u10d8\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d3\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10e2\u10e3, \u10dd\u10dc\u10eb\u10e6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e1\u10dd \u10d2\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10da\u10e3\u10e2\u10e3 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e1\u10dd \u10d2\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10ee\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8. 1921 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e5 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10e3\u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d4, \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10da\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d8\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1, \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10dd\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10e6\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10dd\u10dc\u10eb\u10e6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4 \u10e5\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1.<\/p>\n
\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>: <\/strong>1918 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc 1921 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ef\u10e3\u10db\u10f0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e5\u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10e2\u10e3. \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 1990 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc 2004 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d8\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3.\u00a0 \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc. \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5 \u10d2\u10dd\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8\u10e0\u10e3, \u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10ea\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10e5. \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc. \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8?<\/p>\n\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2<\/strong>. <\/strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong>:<\/strong>\u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e8\u10dd \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc: 1918 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10d1 \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10eb\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d8\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10d1 \u10e8\u10d0\u10e0\u10da\u10d4\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d6\u10d0\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10ef\u10e3\u10db\u10f0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10e8\u10e5\u10d8\u10da\u10e3. 1921 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e8\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d1\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d4, \u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10e8\u10d5\u10d4\u10d9\u10d8\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10f2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10ec\u10dd\u10e4\u10ee\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d8\u10e0\u10d8 \u10ef\u10e3\u10db\u10f0\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10f2\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e6\u10dc\u10d4 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d3\u10e3\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1. 1991 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1, \u10e1\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e5\u10d0\u10d9\u10d8\u10ee\u10d5\u10e3 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10ef\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd \u10d7\u10d8\u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10e3\u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d4, 1918 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d8\u10ee\u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3. 2003 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u201c\u10d3\u10d0\u10d3\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d4\u201d, \u10e1\u10d0\u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10e8\u10d5\u10d8\u10da\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10f0\u10e3\u10e5\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e5 \u10d7\u10e5\u10e3-\u10e5\u10d8, \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e4\u10dd\u10e0\u10db\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4\u10d7 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10e6\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d4\u10db\u10d1\u10dd\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10ed\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10d0. \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd\u10e4\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc, \u10e5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0\u10ea\u10ee\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10ef\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0. \u10d0\u10db \u10d1\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d0\u10dc\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10e9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 1339 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e4\u10e0\u10d0\u10dc\u10e9\u10d4\u10e1\u10d9\u10dd \u10d3\u10dd \u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d9\u10dd \u10de\u10d8\u10ea\u10d8\u10d2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 1367 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d8\u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10dd\u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1. \u10db\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc \u10d0\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc.<\/p>\n\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u10db\u10d0 \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 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\u10d2\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8\u10d1\u10e6\u10e3?\u00a0 \u10dd\u10db\u10df\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10f6\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10f2\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d4\u10f2\u10db\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dc\u10d0, \u10d0\u10ec\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10da\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dd\u10db\u10df\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10f6\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10f2\u10d0 \u10db\u10e3 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3? \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc \u10db\u10e3 \u10d8\u10d6\u10db\u10dd\u10dc\u10d7?<\/p>\n\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8 \u10d2<\/strong>. <\/strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong>:<\/strong>\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10df\u10d4\u10dd\u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e0\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d4\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd \u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10ea\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10ee\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10dc\u10e3\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1, \u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10ea\u10ee\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d0\u10db\u10d0, \u10dd\u10db\u10df\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d8\u10d0\u10dd \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e3, \u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10d7\u10dc\u10d0.<\/p>\n\u10dd\u10db\u10df\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10f6\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d4\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8\u10d1\u10e6\u10e3 – \u10db\u10d0 \u10d0\u10db \u10d7\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10ee\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd \u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d8\u10ec\u10d5\u10d0\u10d7\u10e8\u10d8, \u10db\u10ea\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10e3\u10da\u10f2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10e5\u10e1\u10de\u10d4\u10e0\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e3\u10e7\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3\u10dc, \u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8\u10d5\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10ee\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0\u10d3\u10d8\u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10d0\u10dc \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4. \u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10db\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10dd \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc, \u10db\u10d0 \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc-\u10e5\u10d8, \u10d0\u10db\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d8\u10e1\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10d3\u10d4\u10e4, \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc: \u10dd\u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d8\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10db\u10ef\u10e6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10d4 \u10de\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10d8\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10e8\u10e3\u10dc\u10d4\u10e1-\u10e5\u10d8, 1917 \u10db\u10ed\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d5\u10dd\u10da\u10e3\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d4, \u10db\u10ed\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10f2\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d7 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3 \u10d3\u10d0\u10f0\u10d0 \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e6\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3 – \u10d3\u10e3\u10dc\u10f2\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d7\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3 \u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1. \u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10dd, \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10f2\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d7\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10e2\u10e3 \u10d8\u10e1\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10da\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d0, \u10d1\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10e2-\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10dd\u10d5\u10e1\u10d9\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dd\u10d9\u10dd\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8 \u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10e5 \u10e7\u10d0\u10e0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8, \u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0\u10d3\u10d0\u10f0\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10dd\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10ea\u10d8\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10f2\u10d4\u10e1 \u10db\u10d4\u10e9\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10e2\u10e3, \u10d0\u10db\u10d0, \u10dd\u10db\u10df\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10dd\u10d9\u10dd\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e2\u10e3 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d9\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e5\u10d8\u10e4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1. \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10d8\u10d4\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d1\u10d0\u10d7\u10e3\u10db\u10d8, \u10db\u10d4\u10e1\u10ee\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d3\u10dd\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10d7\u10e3.<\/p>\n
\u10f2\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8, \u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10d7-\u10dc\u10d0, \u10dd\u10d9\u10dd\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10ec\u10dd\u10ee\u10da\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3. \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d2\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8\u10d1\u10e6\u10e3? \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd, \u10d4\u10f2\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d0\u10d2\u10db\u10d0\u10e2\u10e3\u10da\u10d8, \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e2\u10e3. \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, \u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10de\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10dc\u10d0\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10db \u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10dc\u10d0\u10e3\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc, \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e2\u10e3. \u10dd\u10db\u10df\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd \u10d5\u10dd\u10e0\u10e2\u10d0\u10d7 \u10f2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd\u00a0 \u10d3\u10dd\u10e5\u10dd\u10d9\u10d8\u10ed\u10d0\u10d1\u10d4\u10e1, \u10df\u10d8\u10da\u10d4 \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10f2\u10d0\u10e5 \u10d3\u10dd \u10ec\u10d0\u10da\u10d4 \u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10e5\u10f2\u10d4\u10e5 \u10db\u10d4\u10db\u10d6\u10da\u10d8\u10de\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10f2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d7 \u10e5\u10dd\u10d3\u10dd\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10e1, \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10e3\u10d1\u10d0\u10e6\u10e3\u10e2\u10e3. \u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10da\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10de\u10e0\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10d6\u10d8\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1, \u10db\u10d8\u10e1\u10d0\u10da\u10d8, 1918 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1, \u10dd\u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0, \u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d8\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e5\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10e8\u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10d4, \u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e5 \u10e1\u10e3\u10db\u10d4\u10ee\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10e5\u10d8\u10d3\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10dd\u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10da\u10d4\u10e2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d4\u10de\u10ed\u10dd\u10e4\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4 \u10f2\u10d0\u10d3\u10dd, \u10dd\u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e8\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10dc\u10d2\u10dd\u10dc\u10e3 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10dd\u10e9\u10e5\u10e3, \u10d0\u10db\u10d0 \u10d8\u10ef\u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e3\u10d9\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8\u10e5\u10d7\u10e3. \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd, \u10d0\u10f2\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d4\u10d1\u10d8\u10d7\u10d4\u10dc 1918-1920 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10e0\u10d1\u10d0\u10d8\u10ef\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d4\u10e0\u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1\u10d7\u10d0\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d1\u10e6\u10d0 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10e2\u10d4\u10e1, \u10e1\u10dd\u10e6\u10e3\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10db\u10ed\u10d8\u10d7\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8\u10e5 \u10e5\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d3\u10dd \u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e5\u10d4\u10ed\u10dd\u10e4\u10e3.<\/p>\n
\u10e9\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0 \u10ee\u10dd\u10da\u10dd, \u10d0\u10db \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10f0\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10d9\u10d4\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e2\u10e3 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10ea\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d4\u10d3\u10d2\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0 \u10d7\u10dd\u10da\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10e2\u10e3, \u10f0\u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd\u10da\u10dd\u10ee\u10d4 \u10dd\u10e1\u10e5\u10d4\u10d3\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3 \u10e3\u10e2\u10dd\u10de\u10d8\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3.<\/p>\n
\u10db\u10d0 \u10db\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0\u10d7\u10dc\u10d0, \u10dd\u10db\u10df\u10dd\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dd\u10ee\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e3 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10e1. \u10de\u10dd\u10da\u10d8\u10e2\u10d8\u10d9\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10e3\u10de\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0 \u10e1\u10d7\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8, \u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d0 \u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10d2\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8. \u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e1 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10f2\u10d0\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e6\u10e3\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc, \u10d8\u10e0\u10d8\u10e5 \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10e3\u10da\u10e2\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d3\u10dd \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10e9\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc, \u10d3\u10dd \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10eb\u10d0\u10d2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d4\u10dc\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d4\u10dc\u10e2\u10d4\u10e0\u10d4\u10e1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10db\u10e1\u10d8\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e3\u10d3\u10d4 \u10d3\u10dd\u10d3\u10d2\u10d8\u10d7\u10e3\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc-\u10dc\u10d0, \u10d4\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc. \u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10da\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e1\u10d7\u10d8 \u10e3\u10db\u10e3\u10d3\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e9\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc. \u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10da\u10d3\u10e0\u10d4 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10dd\u10e8\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d7\u10d4\u10e6\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d6\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc, \u10db\u10d0 \u10d4\u10e8\u10dd \u10d3\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10ec\u10dd\u10dc\u10d4\u10dc. \u10dd\u10e5\u10dd\u10e0\u10d7\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0\u10e5 \u10db\u10d4\u10dc\u10ef\u10d4\u10da\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d3\u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10d9\u10e0\u10d0\u10e2\u10d8\u10e3\u10da\u10d8 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1-\u10dc\u10d0, \u10d0\u10d5\u10e0\u10dd\u10de\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10dd\u10d1\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d0\u10d9\u10d0\u10d7\u10d0\u10e1-\u10dc\u10d0, \u10dc\u10d0\u10e2\u10dd-\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d0\u10e1\u10d9\u10d4\u10e0\u10d8 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\u10d9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d9\u10d0\u10e1\u10d8\u10d0\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d4\u10dc \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10ee\u10d5\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e0 \u10d0\u10e5\u10e2\u10dd\u10e0\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8, \u10e0\u10e3\u10e1\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc. \u10d0\u10db \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10e4\u10da\u10d8\u10e5\u10e2\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d0\u10e8\u10d0, \u10d0\u10db \u10e0\u10d4\u10d2\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d4\u10d5\u10da\u10d4\u10d7\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d3\u10dd \u10ee\u10d0\u10da\u10d9\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5 \u10d0\u10e0\u10d7\u10d8\u10db\u10d0\u10df\u10e3\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d9\u10d0\u10da\u10d0 \u10d8\u10ed\u10d9\u10dd\u10db\u10d0\u10dc\u10e8\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e5 \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc, \u10d4\u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10dd\u10ec\u10e7\u10d5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0 \u10dc\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0\u10e0 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc\u10e1\u10d5\u10d0\u10e1, \u10d4\u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0\u10e4\u10e3\u10e5\u10d8\u10e0\u10d0\u10e4\u10e1. \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10d9\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e0\u10d8 \u00a0\u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc.<\/p>\n
\u10d0\u10da\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d8\u10f0\u10e1\u10d0\u10dc<\/strong> \u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10d6\u10d8<\/strong>:<\/strong> \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d2\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc \u10dc\u10d0, \u10d0\u10e0 \u10db\u10ea\u10d8\u10e5\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10dc\u10e3\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0 \u10eb\u10dd\u10eb\u10e3\u10d0\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10dd\u10da\u10d0\u10db\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7, \u10db\u10e3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc. 1989 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1 \u10e2\u10e3, \u10dc\u10e3\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0 \u10eb\u10dd\u10eb\u10e3\u10d0\u10e5 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10f2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10db\u10d4\u10d2\u10e0\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e8\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d4\u10dc\u10d0 \u10dd\u10e8\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10ee\u10e3\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd\u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10e3. \u10db\u10d0\u10e0\u10d0 \u10d4\u10db\u10dd\u10e0\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d4\u10db\u10e3\u10e1 \u10d3\u10d8\u10d3\u10dd \u10e0\u10d4\u10d0\u10e5\u10e1\u10d8\u10f2\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10d4\u10e9\u10d4\u10e1 \u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d4\u10d1\u10e3\u10e0\u10d8 \u10dc\u10d0\u10db\u10d7\u10d8\u10dc\u10d8 \u10e3\u10e6\u10dc\u10dd\u10e1\u10d4\u10e4\u10d4\u10e5. \u10d0\u10f2\u10d0 \u10e0\u10e2\u10e3 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1\u10e0\u10dd\u10f6\u10d8\u10e8\u10d4\u10dc \u10ec\u10dd\u10ee\u10da\u10d4, \u10d2\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc\u10d0\u10dc.<\/p>\n\u10d2\u10d8\u10d5\u10d8<\/strong> \u10d2<\/strong>. <\/strong>\u10e5\u10d0\u10e0\u10e9\u10d0\u10d5\u10d0<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u10dc\u10e3\u10d2\u10d6\u10d0\u10e0 \u10ef\u10dd\u10ef\u10e3\u10d0 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d3\u10d4\u10dc \u10d5\u10dd\u10d2\u10dc\u10d8 \u10ec\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0\u10e4\u10d4 \u10ec\u10dd\u10ee\u10da\u10d4. \u10d4\u10f2\u10d0 \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10e5 \u10db\u10e3 \u10d7\u10e5\u10e3, \u10db\u10e3\u10ed\u10dd \u10d7\u10e5\u10e3, \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc. \u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dd\u10e8\u10d8 \u10d9\u10d0\u10d8\u10d3\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10eb\u10d8\u10e0\u10e3, \u10d9\u10dd\u10e9\u10d8\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d8\u10e9\u10d8\u10dc\u10dd\u10e4. \u10e1\u10d0\u10e6\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d5\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8, \u10d4\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd \u10dc\u10d0 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d8\u10e9\u10e5\u10d8\u10dc \u10dd\u10dc\u10d3\u10d8 \u10e8\u10d4\u10dc\u10d8 \u10db\u10e3\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d5\u10d0 \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10e5\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc. \u10e1\u10dd\u10d7\u10d8 \u10d5\u10d8\u10d3\u10d4\u10dd \u10db\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc-\u10dc\u10d0, \u10d5\u10d0\u10dc\u10d0 \u10d0\u10e4\u10ee\u10d0\u10d6\u10d4\u10d7\u10d8\u10e8 \u10e2\u10d4\u10da\u10d4\u10d5\u10d8\u10d6\u10d8\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10e1 \u10dc\u10d0 \u10d2\u10d0\u10db\u10d0\u10ee\u10d7\u10e3 \u10d3\u10dd \u10e6\u10d0\u10e0\u10e6\u10d0\u10da\u10e3\u10e8\u10d8 \u10e1\u10e2\u10d4\u10dc\u10dd\u10d2\u10e0\u10d0\u10db\u10d0 \u10e0\u10d4\u10dc-\u10dc\u10d0, \u10e5\u10dd\u10db\u10dd\u10db\u10d8\u10dc\u10ef\u10e6\u10dd\u10dc\u10d8\u10d7, \u10db\u10e3 \u10d8\u10e7\u10d5\u10d4\u10dc \u10d3\u10dd \u10db\u10d0\u10d7\u10d8 \u10db\u10d8\u10e6\u10e3\u10e2\u10d0\u10e1 \u10d3\u10dd \u10d5\u10d8\u10d9\u10d8\u10d7\u10ee\u10d0.<\/p>\n\u10dc\u10d0\u10e7\u10dd\u10dc\u10d0\u10e1\u10e3\u10dc\u10dd\u10dc\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ali İhsan Aksamaz “Kâzım, kültür devrimi yapan bir insandı!” Bölüm: http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/megrel-mutfagi-dunyanin-cok-zengin-mutfaklarindan-biri-1\/ Bölüm: http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/givi-g-karcava-soylesisi-2-bolum\/ Ali ihsan Aksamaz: En büyük Gürcüce sözlükte “Kartvelist” diye bir kelime var mı? Varsa bu kelime bize neyi anlatıyor? Bu kelime nereden kaynaklanmış? Megrelce, Lazca, Svanca ve Gürcü için “Kartveluri nenape\/ Kartvelgil dilleri” terimini kullanmak uygun mu? Uygunsa, neden, uygun değilse, neden? 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