{"id":2221,"date":"2019-02-22T18:12:36","date_gmt":"2019-02-22T18:12:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=2221"},"modified":"2019-02-22T18:12:36","modified_gmt":"2019-02-22T18:12:36","slug":"maykop-tasinin-gizemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/maykop-tasinin-gizemi\/","title":{"rendered":"MAYKOP TA\u015eININ G\u0130ZEM\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

TLETSERUK Nahit Serbes<\/strong>
\n<\/span><\/span>06<\/span>.04.2015<\/span><\/p>\n

Maykop Ta\u015f\u0131 ve Tur\u00e7aninov\u2019un \u201cAntik Yaz\u0131lar\u0131n De\u015fifresi\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 ile ilgili olarak Adigey Ulusal M\u00fcze M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Abreg Almir\u2019le konu\u015ftum. Ayr\u0131ca konuyla ilgili olarak, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen dilbilim uzmanlar\u0131 \u0130. M. Dyakonov\u2019un, E.\u0130. Krupnov\u2019un, P. U. Awulhe ve L.\u0130. Lavrov<\/strong> gibi di\u011fer baz\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n makalelerini terc\u00fcme ettirdim. Bunlar\u0131 yapmamdaki kas\u0131t, Maykop Ta\u015f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00c7erkes diasporas\u0131 ve Kafkasya’da s\u00fcregelen tart\u0131\u015fmalara \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n


\nTarih\u00e7i, dil uzman\u0131, \u0130.M. Dyakonov, G.F. Tour\u00e7aninov <\/em><\/p>\n

Abrek Almir ile beraber, Adigey Cumhuriyeti K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015f olan \u00c7EM\u015eO Gazi ile de konu\u015ftum. Turchaninov\u2019un bu metni ilk defa Maykop\u2019a getirdi\u011fini, yaz\u0131t\u0131n Adigelerin ata dilinde oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi\u011fini, Adigeler isterlerse Maykop Ta\u015f\u0131 ile ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 Adigece olarak deklere edebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frendim. Fakat Adige bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n Turchaninov\u2019un bu iddialar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bulmay\u0131p, ciddiye almamalar\u0131 \u00fczerine, Turchaninov\u2019un y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc Abhazya\u2019ya \u00e7evirdi\u011fini, Abhazlar\u0131n ilgisini \u00e7ekebilmek i\u00e7in de makalesinin i\u00e7erisine yerle\u015ftirdi\u011fi Adigece kelimeleri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p, onlar\u0131n yerlerine Abhazca olanlar\u0131 yerle\u015ftirdi\u011fini de \u00f6\u011frendim. Bu sonu\u00e7, Turchaninov\u2019un ki\u015fili\u011finin pek de akademik olmayan bir y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6steriyordu.<\/p>\n


\nMaykop Ta\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n orijinali <\/em><\/p>\n

Tarih doktoru ve m\u00fczecilik uzman\u0131 olan Abreg Almir, son derece insani s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan bilge bir ki\u015fidir. Abreg Almir, Maykop Ta\u015f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda sordu\u011fum sorulara, \u015fu cevaplar\u0131 verdi:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

20,5 cm. eninde 19,5 cm boyunda olan bu yaz\u0131t; 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda avlu direkleri i\u00e7in kaz\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken tesad\u00fcfen bulundu.<\/p>\n

Ta\u015f\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerde 1964 Ekim ay\u0131nda yeni bir kaz\u0131 daha yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu kaz\u0131 yerinin eski bir Meot (Adige) yerle\u015fim yeri oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ta\u015f\u0131n cinsi, mineral \u00f6zelliklidir ve \u015fu anda Leningrad Antropoloji ve Etnografya M\u00fczesi\u2019nde, 6550 Numara ile sergileniyor.<\/p>\n

G.F. Turchaninov \u2018Maykop Ta\u015f\u0131\u2019 <\/strong>olarak an\u0131lan bu yaz\u0131t\u0131n, modern alfabenin atas\u0131 oldu\u011funu iddia ederek, ilk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 Maykop\u2019a getirdi. Yaz\u0131t\u0131n Adigelere ait, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en eski yaz\u0131 metni oldu\u011funu,\u2018\u2019yaz\u0131 bilimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u2019\u2019 s\u00f6yledi. Bu yaz\u0131t\u0131n Adigelerin ata dillerinde oldu\u011fu konusunda \u0131srarc\u0131 oldu. Sembolleri Adigece olarak deklere edebilece\u011fini \u00f6rnekler vererek g\u00f6sterdi. Dile h\u00e2kim, dillerin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, tarihsel geli\u015fimini ve birbirleri ile olan ili\u015fkilerini inceleyen Adige ve Rus filoloji uzmanlar\u0131ndan bilim adam\u0131 Prof. \u0130gor Mihailovi\u00e7 Dyakonov, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen S\u00fcmer eski do\u011fu halklar\u0131 uzman\u0131 ve bir\u00e7ok dile h\u00e2kim birisidir. Dyakonov Bilimler Akademisi Moskova Antik Tarih Habercisi dergisinde, 1966 y\u0131l\u0131nda Raporlar ve Bildiriler ad\u0131yla, (hemen a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da tamam\u0131n\u0131 okuyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z) <\/strong>o derginin 99. sayfas\u0131ndan 104 \u00fcnc\u00fc sayfas\u0131na kadar olan makalesinin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u015funlar\u0131 yazd\u0131:<\/p>\n

\u201dDe\u015fifre teorisine g\u00f6re Maykop Ta\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00fczerinde olan yaz\u0131lar ve yaz\u0131lar\u0131n hacmi eksik oldu\u011fundan okunmas\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi hi\u00e7 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Maykop Ta\u015f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki yaz\u0131lar\u0131 protobabil yaz\u0131 \u015feklinde okumaya kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131rsak, o zaman da bilinmeyeni bilinmeyen sayesinde \u00e7\u00f6zmeye kalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z anlam\u0131na gelir.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cG.F. Tur\u00e7aninov, yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu baz\u0131 makalelerde ve s\u00f6yle\u015filerde ta\u015f\u0131n \u00fczerindeki yaz\u0131lar\u0131 Abhaz dilinde okudu\u011funu iddia ediyor. H\u00e2lbuki Abhaz dilinde 80 civar\u0131nda sessiz harf bulunuyor. Fakat G.F. Tur\u00e7aninov taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan de\u015fifrede, b\u00fct\u00fcn sessizler Fenike alfabesiyle yans\u0131t\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Oysa Fenike alfabesinde sadece 22 adet sessiz harf bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu kadar u\u011fra\u015flara ve uydurmalara ra\u011fmen makale sahibi bir sonuca ula\u015famam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Maykop Ta\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00fczerinde olan harflerin protobabil \u00e7izgisel yaz\u0131 \u015fekli ile benzerliklerini de ispatlayamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

—- Turchaninov\u2019un iddialar\u0131, ciddiye almay\u0131 gerektirecek nitelikte de\u011fildir. Adigeleri de Abhazlar\u0131 da ilgilendirecek bilimsel arg\u00fcmanlar ta\u015f\u0131mamaktad\u0131r. Bunlar Turchaninov\u2019un kendisine s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir. Bunu Tur\u00e7aninova s\u00f6yleyen ki\u015fi \u015fimdi rahmetli olan AWULHE Ps\u0131maf<\/strong> adl\u0131 bir Adige arkeologdur.<\/p>\n

Turchaninov bu olaydan sonra Abhazya\u2019ya gitmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Eski Yunan kaynaklar\u0131nda s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen \u201cAyya\u201d isimli bir kaleyi, Maykop Ta\u015f\u0131’nda varm\u0131\u015f gibi Kolhida da Abhaz Kral\u0131 M\u0131r\u0131n ad\u0131na kurulan bir kale olarak okumu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Adigey\u2019e gelirken makalesinin i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu Adigece kelimelerin tamam\u0131n\u0131 da ay\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kan\u0131mca Tur\u00e7aninov bir bilim adam\u0131na yak\u0131\u015fmayacak \u015feyler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n


\n Abreg Almir ile toplant\u0131da<\/p>\n


\n\u0130. M. Dyakonovun makalesinden bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm<\/em><\/p>\n

Dyakonovun \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Makalesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130. M. Dyakonov – Vestnik Drevney \u0130storiya (1) 1966<\/p>\n

Maykop civar\u0131nda bulunan bir ta\u015f\u0131n \u00fczerindeki esrarengiz yaz\u0131 de\u015fifre edilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. (2)<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131, G. F. Tur\u00e7aninov\u2019un kendi tabiriyle \u201csegmentlere\u201d ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 s\u00fctundan olu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\n

\u015eifre \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm teorisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yaz\u0131n\u0131n uzunlu\u011fu ve i\u00e7erdi\u011fi simgelerin say\u0131s\u0131, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme ve okuma i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fil. Onu okumay\u0131 sa\u011flayabilecek yeg\u00e2ne ko\u015ful, ayn\u0131 yaz\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fka metinlerin de ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

Say\u0131n Tur\u00e7aninov, yaz\u0131t\u0131n heceli protobiblos yaz\u0131s\u0131yla yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair varsay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ortaya at\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu varsay\u0131m \u00f6ncelikle, Maykop yaz\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n, bildi\u011fimiz kadar\u0131yla Finike\u2019de bile fazla yayg\u0131n olmayan protobiblos yaz\u0131s\u0131na hemen hemen hi\u00e7 benzemeyi\u015fi sebebiyle ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i de\u011fildir. Elbette \u015fu ya da bu simgeyi olu\u015fturan kimi \u00e7izgisel-geometrik kombinasyonlar protobiblos yaz\u0131s\u0131yla da k\u0131yaslanabilir ve hatta bir\u00e7o\u011fu, y\u00fczlerce \u00e7izgisel-geometrik simge bar\u0131nd\u0131ran her yaz\u0131 sisteminde a priori (\u00f6nsel) <\/em>bulunmak zorundad\u0131r. Ne var ki dilbilimcilerin kabul etti\u011fi \u00fczere farkl\u0131 sistemlerde rastlanan \u00e7izgisel-geometrik formlar\u0131n benzerli\u011fi ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na bunlar\u0131n genetik ba\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret etmez. Ger\u00e7ekten de Maykop yaz\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n kimi simgeleri protobiblos yaz\u0131s\u0131yla oldu\u011fu gibi ba\u015fka yaz\u0131larla da benzerlik ta\u015f\u0131r, ilk proto-S\u00fcmer ve Girit yaz\u0131lar\u0131 gibi.<\/p>\n

Ne var ki, protobiblos yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n daima yatay s\u0131ralar halinde dizildi\u011fi ve hi\u00e7bir zaman s\u00fctunlar (\u201csegmentler\u201d) halinde resmedilmedi\u011fi ve bu yaz\u0131da asla simgelerin da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k vaziyette birbirinin \u00fczerinde yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00f6zellik: M\u0131s\u0131r, S\u00fcmer, Hitit, Maya yaz\u0131lar\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fc olup, heceli ve alfabetik yaz\u0131 sistemleri i\u00e7in ge\u00e7ersizdir.<\/p>\n

Maykop yaz\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 protobiblos yaz\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011flamak amac\u0131yla G. F. Tur\u00e7aninov birka\u00e7 keyfi varsay\u0131mda bulunuyor. Bunlardan birisine g\u00f6re, protobiblos yaz\u0131s\u0131nda benzeri bulunmayan kimi simgeler asl\u0131nda \u201charf bile\u015fimleri\u201d ve \u201cligat\u00fcrlerdir\u201d. Bunu kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in Tur\u00e7aninov i\u015faretleri geometrik elementlere b\u00f6l\u00fcyor. Oysaki protobiblos yaz\u0131s\u0131 ligat\u00fcr kullanmaz.<\/p>\n

Maykop yaz\u0131t\u0131ndaki simgelerin ve onlar\u0131 olu\u015fturan elementlerin protobiblos simgeleriyle benzerli\u011fi yazar taraf\u0131ndan abart\u0131lmakta, yaz\u0131tta g\u00f6r\u00fclen kimi simgeler tablolarda hatal\u0131 olarak verilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Simgeleri birbirine uydurma \u00e7abas\u0131na ra\u011fmen yazar, Maykop yaz\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm simgelerini protobiblos yaz\u0131s\u0131na benzetmeyi ba\u015faramam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015fka yaz\u0131lardan (Fenike alfabesi, Hitit hiyeroglifleri gibi) al\u0131nt\u0131 oldu\u011funu ya da Kolhis\u2019de icat edildi\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Maykop yaz\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n simgelerinin tek tek okunmas\u0131nda G. F. Tur\u00e7aninov, probiblos harflerinin Dhorme ve Jirku taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nerilen yorumundan yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Ne var ki, s\u00f6z konusu yorum y\u00f6ntemsel temeli nedeniyle, uzmanlar\u0131n onay\u0131n\u0131 alamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dhorme ve Jirku, y\u00fcz kadar simgeden olu\u015fan protobiblos yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n heceli de\u011fil alfabetik-\u00fcns\u00fcz oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor, alfabetik yaz\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 fazlas\u0131yla a\u015fan simge fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ise ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 garip bir olguyla a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere Maykop yaz\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n protobiblos yaz\u0131s\u0131ndan yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131larak de\u015fifre edilmesi denemesi, belirsiz bir \u015feyi ba\u015fka bir belirsiz \u015feyle a\u00e7\u0131klama \u00e7abas\u0131ndan ibarettir.<\/p>\n

\u201cYine de bir an i\u00e7in Jirku taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nerilen protobiblos okumas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011funu, \u00fcstelik Maykop yaz\u0131t\u0131ndaki i\u015faretlerin G. F. Tur\u00e7aninov taraf\u0131ndan yine do\u011fru olarak par\u00e7alara b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc farz etsek bile, elde edilen simgelerden, herhangi bir dilde okunakl\u0131 bir metin \u00e7\u0131karmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.\u201d <\/strong><\/p>\n

Bas\u0131nda yer alan r\u00f6portajlar\u0131ndan G. F. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Tur\u00e7aninov\u2019un bu \u201cmetni\u201d Abhazca okumay\u0131 \u00f6nerdi\u011fini biliyoruz. Bu dil se\u00e7imi bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6nden itimats\u0131zl\u0131k uyand\u0131r\u0131yor. Zira Abhaz dilinde 60-80 \u00fcns\u00fcz fonem (ses birimi)\u00a0\u00a0 mevcuttur, oysa G. F. Tur\u00e7aninov\u2019un \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesinde t\u00fcm simgeler yaln\u0131zca ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nem Fenike alfabesinde bulunan \u00fcns\u00fczleri belirtiyor ki say\u0131lar\u0131 22\u2019dir.<\/p>\n

Maykop yaz\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n hangi ama\u00e7la yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyoruz. Protobiblos yaz\u0131s\u0131yla ilgili bildi\u011fimiz \u015feyleri de Maykop yaz\u0131t\u0131nda bulam\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yaz\u0131t\u0131n hangi dilde yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusu yoruma a\u00e7\u0131k kalmaktad\u0131r. \u00dcns\u00fczler keyfi olarak s\u0131raland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda biraz \u00e7abayla Abhazca da d\u00e2hil istenen herhangi bir dilde anlaml\u0131 bir c\u00fcmle elde etmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ne de olsa b\u00f6yle bir d\u00fczenlemede \u00fcnl\u00fcler geli\u015fig\u00fczel yerle\u015ftirilebilir ve akustik olarak benze\u015fen fonemlerse ayn\u0131 simgeyle kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r yahut aksine ayn\u0131 fonem farkl\u0131 simgelerle belirtilir.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, t\u00fcm s\u00f6ylediklerimizin Maykop yaz\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n de\u015fifre edilmesi \u00e7abas\u0131na, hi\u00e7 de\u011filse yeni bir deneme yap\u0131lana kadar, umutsuz g\u00f6zle bak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 mecbur k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130. M. Dyakonov<\/p>\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/strong>
\n 1) <\/strong> Kadim Tarih B\u00fclteni \u2013 \u00c7.N.
\n 2)<\/strong> G.F. Tur\u00e7aninov, Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n En Eski Yaz\u0131l\u0131 Eseri, VD\u0130, 1965, No:3<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TLETSERUK Nahit Serbes 06.04.2015 Maykop Taşı ve Turçaninov’un “Antik Yazıların Deşifresi” adlı kitabı ile ilgili olarak Adigey Ulusal Müze Müdürü Abreg Almir’le konuştum. Ayrıca konuyla ilgili olarak, dünyanın önde gelen dilbilim uzmanları İ. M. Dyakonov’un, E.İ. Krupnov’un, P. U. Awulhe ve L.İ. Lavrov gibi diğer bazı ünlü bilim adamlarının makalelerini tercüme ettirdim. 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