![\"\"](\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/01.02.2016.jpg\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
TLETSERUK Nahit Serbes<\/strong> \u00c7erkesya tarihi ile yak\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 olan \u201cL\u2019aque (Tlako) (1)\u201d d\u00fcnyada benzeri az, soylar aras\u0131nda ve yemin ile girilen, korunmaya dayal\u0131 bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u015feklidir. Bu kurulu\u015fun yard\u0131mla\u015fma gibi a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da okuyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ba\u015fka yararlar\u0131 da vard\u0131r. \u00c7erkesya\u2019y\u0131 ziyaret eden gezginler, L’aque kelimesine sosyal anlamda; Arap\u00e7a: “Cemiyet\u2019\u00fcl \u0130kha e\u015f-\u015eerkesiyye”, Frans\u0131zca: “Amicale Circassienne” ve \u0130ngilizce: ” Society of Fraternity” demi\u015fler ve sonu\u00e7ta L’aque’yi \u201cKarde\u015flik Cemiyeti\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r (2). L\u2019aque\u2019ler: Selam vermekten, al\u0131\u015f veri\u015f yapmaya, cezalar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131ndan, e\u011fitimin nas\u0131l verilece\u011fine dair t\u00fcm kurallar\u0131n\u0131 kendi i\u00e7lerinde belirlemi\u015flerdir. L\u2019aque\u2019lerin ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131 kimi zaman 100’den az veya daha fazla ki\u015fiden de olu\u015fabiliyordu.<\/p>\n L\u2019aque fertleri; insanlar\u0131 ho\u015fnut edebilmek i\u00e7in, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla sosyal hayat\u0131 bir akt\u00f6r gibi ya\u015farlar ve kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131nda bulunanlar\u0131 bu centilmenlikleriyle etkilerlerdi. L\u2019aque mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya b\u00fcy\u00fck ayr\u0131m\u0131 yoktu. Ne k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fck kay\u0131r\u0131lma sebebi olabilir, ne de tek ba\u015f\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck ki\u015fiyi \u00fcst\u00fcn k\u0131lard\u0131. \u00dcyelerinin hepsi e\u015fit olup, hi\u00e7birinin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sayg\u0131 ve sevginin \u00f6tesinde bir imtiyaz\u0131 yoktu. Tarih boyunca b\u00fcy\u00fck bilginler yeti\u015ftiren L\u2019aque\u2019lar, hakl\u0131 bir \u00fcne sahiptiler. \u0130ddialar\u0131, bar\u0131\u015fa ve mutlulu\u011fa giden yolda t\u00fcm insanlarla karde\u015f olmakt\u0131. Bireylerinin isimleri, centilmenlik ve kahramanl\u0131k \u015fiirlerinde ge\u00e7erdi. Fakat hi\u00e7birinin sosyal veya hukuki bir ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktu. T\u00fcm davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda dikkatli olmak zorundayd\u0131lar. Sade vatanda\u015f\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kamuoyu taraf\u0131ndan normal kar\u015f\u0131lanan bir davran\u0131\u015f, L\u2019aque i\u00e7in ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lanmayabilirdi. Onlar kadim gelenek, g\u00f6renek ve kabullerine g\u00f6re duru\u015f ve davran\u0131\u015f sergiliyorlard\u0131. Sayg\u0131l\u0131 bakmal\u0131, nezaketli oturmal\u0131, \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc ses tonu ile konu\u015fmal\u0131, ki\u015fileri \u00f6nemseyerek ileti\u015fim kurup, kendileriyle ne kadar bar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ve sosyalle\u015fmi\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermeliydiler.<\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn L\u2019aque fertlerine, iyi insan olmalar\u0131 konusunda dersler verilirdi, daha sonra da sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 ve \u015f\u00f6valye ruhlu olmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in e\u011fitilirlerdi. Bu nedenle b\u00fct\u00fcn L\u2019aque fertleri birbirlerine karde\u015f ve k\u0131z karde\u015f g\u00f6z\u00fcyle bakarlard\u0131.<\/p>\n Yeminli Karde\u015fli\u011fin Baz\u0131 \u00d6nemli Noktalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n 1) <\/strong> Karde\u015flik yemini eden soylar bu yeminden sonra karde\u015ftirler ve karde\u015f say\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n 2)<\/strong> L\u2019aque fertlerinden birisi bir felaket ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, karde\u015flerce ona yard\u0131m eli uzat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n 3)<\/strong> Evlenecek olan gen\u00e7lere, yard\u0131m edilir.<\/p>\n 4)<\/strong> L\u2019aque fertlerinin geli\u015fmi\u015f insan olmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in, gerekli erdemler ak\u0131l ve sezgi yoluyla bulunup, uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n 5) <\/strong> G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcklerin a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda, sava\u015f ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k gibi durumlarda; karde\u015fler birbirine yard\u0131m eder. (3)<\/p>\n 6)<\/strong> Yeminli karde\u015flik grubu \u00fcyelerinin birbirleriyle evlenemezler.<\/p>\n Yeminli karde\u015flik grubu \u00fcyelerinin biri birleriyle evlenmelerinin kat\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlarla engellenmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131; evlenmenin gerektirdi\u011fi baz\u0131 \u00f6rf adet y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerinden dolay\u0131, ayn\u0131 grup i\u00e7erisinde bulunan fertler aras\u0131nda bir tak\u0131m anla\u015fmazl\u0131klara yol a\u00e7ma ihtimalinin ve beraberinde toplumsal d\u00fczenin bozulma tehlikesinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek olmas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin <\/strong> T\u00fcrkiye Temsilcisi olan Hans Jorg Kreschmer<\/strong>, Ankara’da \u00c7erkes\u2019ce \u00f6\u011frenen \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n diploma t\u00f6reninde yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu konu\u015fmas\u0131nda, \u00c7erkes k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc hakk\u0131nda: <\/strong>\u201cAvrupa k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00f6k\u00fc ve anas\u0131<\/em>\u201d, nitelemesi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, Yeminli Karde\u015flik’in Bat\u0131’ya nas\u0131l ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusundan da biraz s\u00f6z etmemiz gerekiyor.\u00a0 \u0130nsan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7 yollar\u0131 \u00fczerinde olan Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131, antik gezginlerin ziyaret etmeye ba\u015flamalar\u0131 ve orada \u201cy\u00fcksek bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u201d ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 yazmalar\u0131, \u00e7ok eski d\u00f6nemlere uzanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00c7erkesya\u2019y\u0131 gezen antik gezginlerin \u00e7o\u011fu \u0130sko\u00e7, Gal ve Kuzey \u0130rlanda as\u0131ll\u0131yd\u0131lar. Heredot, Verrius, Mela, Strabon ve Plutark, Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 gezip, \u00c7erkes k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden \u00f6vg\u00fcyle bahseden gezginlerin baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7erkesli\u011fin \u00f6\u011fretilerine, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme (L\u2019aque) \u015fekline ve gizli kalm\u0131\u015f s\u0131rlar\u0131na vak\u0131f olabilmek i\u00e7in, Kafkasya\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilen bu \u0130ngiliz as\u0131ll\u0131 antik zaman gezginleri, \u00c7erkeslerin aras\u0131nda faaliyetlerde bulunmu\u015flar, \u00c7erkeslerin ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imlerini, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferlerini incelemi\u015fler ve gazetelerde yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.(4)<\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn bu olaylar\u0131n sonucunda, Avrupa erken bir tarihte Yeminli Karde\u015flik Kurulu\u015fu ve \u00c7erkes k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ile tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 17.yy \u0130ngiltere\u2019sinde, \u00f6\u011freti aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde olan \u0130ngiliz soylular\u0131, ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 ve i\u015f adamlar\u0131, \u00c7erkes halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretti\u011fi y\u00fcksek k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferleri: \u201cL\u2019aque\u201d, Ad\u0131\u011fa\u011fe ve Zexes e\u011fitim sistemlerini g\u00f6zlemi\u015flerdir. Yani \u00c7erkesli\u011fin \u00f6\u011fretilerini, \u00fcst\u00fcn insan olma ve sayg\u0131ya dayal\u0131 Karde\u015flik Zinciri ad\u0131yla yeni bir \u00f6\u011freti tarz\u0131, sanat ak\u0131m\u0131 olarak, k\u00f6klerinin de \u00e7ok eskilere uzanan kadim \u0130ngiliz k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc oldu\u011funu vurgulayarak, Londra\u2019da Rahip James Anderson’a bir t\u00fcz\u00fck yazd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc olan Anderson Yasas\u0131<\/strong>‘n\u0131 yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Dipnotlar:<\/strong> TLETSERUK Nahit Serbes 01.02.2016 Çerkesya tarihi ile yakın bağlantısı olan “L’aque (Tlako) (1)” dünyada benzeri az, soylar arasında ve yemin ile girilen, korunmaya dayalı bir örgütlenme şeklidir. Bu kuruluşun yardımlaşma gibi aşağıda okuyacağınız başka yararları da vardır. Çerkesya’yı ziyaret eden gezginler, L’aque kelimesine sosyal anlamda; Arapça: “Cemiyet’ül İkha eş-Şerkesiyye”, Fransızca: “Amicale Circassienne” ve İngilizce: ” 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\n<\/span><\/span>01<\/span>.02.2016<\/span><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/z-2013-Images-2\/271-3.JPG\")
\n<\/strong> Hans Jorg Kreschmer \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n
\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n
\n(1) <\/strong> L’aque, kelimesi \u00c7erkesce ”onurlu, kibar insanlar\u0131n \u00fclkesi” anlam\u0131na gelir. Yusuf \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa, \u201cEvrikalar\u0131m -Bulduklar\u0131m\u201d, \u0130stanbul 1915, Osmanl\u0131cadan – Do\u011fan Erdin\u00e7.
\n(2)<\/strong> Yunus Emre \u00d6zsaray, Y\u00fcksek Lisans Tezi, \u0130stanbul, 2012.\u00a0 Baj, Jaba\u011f\u0131 \u00c7erkesya\u2019da Terbiye ve Sosyal Ya\u015fay\u0131\u015f, 1. Bask\u0131, Ankara: Kafdav,2007
\n(3) <\/strong>P\u00e7entle\u015f Dr. Memduh Ceylan, www.Dz\u0131be.com. D\u00fczce, 17.11.2013
\n(4)<\/strong> Soner Daur: www.circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/kultur\/093_cerkeslerin-2.htm<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"