{"id":2275,"date":"2019-02-22T19:11:48","date_gmt":"2019-02-22T19:11:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=2275"},"modified":"2019-02-22T19:11:48","modified_gmt":"2019-02-22T19:11:48","slug":"1-mayis-sanayi-devrimi-ve-biz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/1-mayis-sanayi-devrimi-ve-biz\/","title":{"rendered":"1 MAYIS, SANAY\u0130 DEVR\u0130M\u0130 VE B\u0130Z…"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sezai Babaku\u015f<\/strong>
\n<\/span><\/span>28.04.2010<\/span><\/p>\n

1 May\u0131s… Y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 saymazsak, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerinde ve t\u00fcm halklar\u0131nda ortak kutlamay\u0131 hakeden tek g\u00fcn. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n dayan\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fc. Eme\u011fe sayg\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc. Bar\u0131\u015f ve demokrasi i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele g\u00fcn\u00fc. Hepimize kutlu olsun.<\/p>\n

Bu y\u0131lki 1 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir \u00f6nemi, anlam\u0131 var. 33 y\u0131l aradan sonra i\u015f\u00e7i ve emek\u00e7iler yeniden Taksim\u2019e ayak basacak. 1977\u2019de 34 ki\u015finin hayat\u0131na malolan kanl\u0131 1 May\u0131s, ad\u0131m ad\u0131m 12 Eyl\u00fcl askeri fa\u015fizmine gidi\u015fin i\u015faretiydi. Nice canlar yak\u0131ld\u0131, nice karanl\u0131k cinayetler i\u015flendi. Bu y\u0131lki 1 May\u0131s, demokrasi m\u00fccadelesinde bedel \u00f6deyenleri onurland\u0131rma g\u00fcn\u00fc olacak. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 1 May\u0131s\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc D\u0130SK\u2019e ve onunla omuz omuza Taksim\u2019i dolduracak y\u00fcreklere selam olsun.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1 May\u0131s, sanayi devriminin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n tarih sahnesinde yer al\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. 1800\u2019lerin ortas\u0131nda Amerika\u2019da, Avrupa\u2019da ve Avustralya\u2019da i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde eylemlere ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. 1856’da Avustralya’n\u0131n Melbourne kentinde ta\u015f ve in\u015faat i\u015f\u00e7ileri, g\u00fcnde sekiz saatlik i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7in Melbourne \u00dcniversitesi’nden Parlamento Evi’ne kadar bir y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f d\u00fczenlediler. Bu tarihte bilinen ilk i\u015f\u00e7i eylemiydi ve eylemler dalga dalga yay\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

1 May\u0131s 1886’da Amerika \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sendikalar\u0131 Konfederasyonu \u00f6nderli\u011finde i\u015f\u00e7iler g\u00fcnde 12 saat, haftada 6 g\u00fcn olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma takvimine kar\u015f\u0131, g\u00fcnl\u00fck 8 saatlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma talebiyle i\u015f b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. Chicago’da (\u015eikago) yap\u0131lan g\u00f6sterilere yar\u0131m milyon i\u015f\u00e7i kat\u0131ld\u0131. Grev ve g\u00f6steriler, 1 May\u0131s’tan sonra da s\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00e7o\u011fu 3 May\u0131s’ta sokaklara \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar. McCormick’e ait fabrikadan at\u0131lan ve grevde olan i\u015f\u00e7ilere polisin sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 ile 4 i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

1889`da toplanan \u0130kinci Enternasyonal’de Frans\u0131z bir i\u015f\u00e7i temsilcisinin \u00f6nerisiyle 1 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada “Birlik, m\u00fccadele ve dayan\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fc” olarak kutlanmas\u0131na karar verildi. B\u00f6ylece 1 May\u0131s t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada i\u015f\u00e7i bayram\u0131 olarak kutlanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Sanayi devrimi, Avrupa’da 18. ve 19. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda yeni bulu\u015flar\u0131n \u00fcretime olan etkisi ve buhar g\u00fcc\u00fcyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan makinelerin makinele\u015fmi\u015f end\u00fcstriyi do\u011furmas\u0131, bu geli\u015fmelerin de Avrupa’daki sermaye birikimini artt\u0131rmas\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Ancak sanayi devrimi, bu teknik tan\u0131mlaman\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6tesinde muazzam sonu\u00e7lar yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fcnya d\u00fczenine \u015fekil veren, Bat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fcnyaya hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131 kurumla\u015ft\u0131ran \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6neme\u00e7tir. Yan\u0131 s\u0131ra t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada feodalizmden kapitalizme ge\u00e7i\u015fi sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, sanayi burjuvas\u0131 feodal burjuvan\u0131n yerine y\u00fckselmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve 19.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda y\u00f6netimde s\u00f6z ve karar sahibi olmu\u015ftur. Ve feodal d\u00f6nemin selfleri ve k\u00f6leleri yeni d\u00f6nemde i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 ad\u0131yla yeni bir s\u0131n\u0131f olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1763\u2019de \u0130sko\u00e7yal\u0131 James Watt\u2019\u0131n buharl\u0131 makineyi icat etmesiyle ba\u015flayan sanayi devriminde, 50 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ula\u015f\u0131m, haberle\u015fme ve sanayi \u00fcretimi alanlar\u0131nda yeni bulu\u015flarla muazzam bir ekonomik geli\u015fmeye ad\u0131m at\u0131ld\u0131. 1830\u2019lardan itibaren sanayide seri \u00fcretim d\u00fczenine ula\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sanayi devrimi \u0130ngiltere\u2019de ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Neden \u0130ngiltere sorusunun pek \u00e7ok yan\u0131t\u0131 vard\u0131r. En b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00f6m\u00fcrge imparatorlu\u011fu olmas\u0131 nedeniyle hammadde kaynaklar\u0131na ve \u00fcretilmi\u015f mallar\u0131 i\u00e7in haz\u0131r pazarlara sahip olmas\u0131; borsa ve bankac\u0131l\u0131k sisteminin di\u011fer \u00fclkelere g\u00f6re ileri olmas\u0131; sanayi i\u00e7in en gerekli temel hammaddeler olan k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve demir bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin yeralt\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131na sahip olu\u015fu; zaten geli\u015fmi\u015f bir dokumac\u0131l\u0131k-tekstil sanayine sahip olmas\u0131; g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ticaret filosu sayesinde deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda avantajl\u0131 olu\u015fu vb. Bu fiziki avantajlar\u0131n \u00f6tesinde \u0130ngiltere\u2019yi sanayi devrimine ta\u015f\u0131yan as\u0131l itici g\u00fc\u00e7, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 koruma alt\u0131na alan ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr rekabete imkan veren siyasi d\u00fczenidir. Anayasal monar\u015fi olarak tan\u0131mlanan bu d\u00fczen, di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin aksine giri\u015fimcili\u011fi ileri derecede te\u015fvik ediyordu.<\/p>\n

Sanayi devriminin \u00f6nc\u00fcs\u00fc \u0130ngiltere ayn\u0131 zamanda bu devrimin itici g\u00fcc\u00fcnden en fazla yararlanan \u00fclke oldu. 1700\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda \u0130ngiltere-\u0130sko\u00e7ya-\u0130rlanda birli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131yla kurulan Britanya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu 1800\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda d\u00fcnyaya h\u00fckmeden egemen g\u00fc\u00e7 haline geldi.<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiltere\u2019nin bu y\u00fckseli\u015fine kar\u015f\u0131n Avrupa\u2019daki imparatorluklar kendi aralar\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7birlikleri olu\u015fturuyorlard\u0131. 1815\u2019de kurulan Rusya, Prusya ve Avusturya ittifak\u0131na daha sonra Fransa da kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131llarda deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilikte \u0130ngiltere ile yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 kaybeden \u0130spanya yeniden toparlanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. 1823\u2019de ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Monreo, \u201cMonreo Doktrini\u201d olarak bilinen d\u0131\u015f politika stratejisini a\u00e7\u0131klayarak payla\u015f\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131nda ABD\u2019nin de oldu\u011funu ilan ediyordu.<\/p>\n

1850’lere kadar genelde \u0130ngiltere’nin tekelinde olan sanayi devrimi, bu tarihten sonra t\u00fcm Avrupa’ya, ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’ne yay\u0131ld\u0131. Rusya, sanayi devriminden daha \u00e7ok askeri g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in faydaland\u0131. Sanayi devriminden nasibin alamayan tek b\u00fcy\u00fck imparatorluk Osmanl\u0131 oldu ve ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz da\u011f\u0131lma s\u00fcrecini ya\u015fad\u0131. 1900\u2019lerde \u0130ngiltere, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer imparatorluklar\u0131, Rusya ve Amerika aras\u0131nda k\u0131z\u0131\u015fan k\u00fcresel rekabet oyunlar\u0131 h\u0131zlanarak bug\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fcnya d\u00fczeni kurulmu\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

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Sanayi devrimi Avrupa ve Amerika\u2019da toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fimi ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131rken ve yeni emperyalist yay\u0131lmalara yol verirken, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n pek \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesinde oldu\u011fu \u00fczere Kafkasya\u2019da da feodal sistem hen\u00fcz en ham haliyle varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7abal\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Kafkasya Do\u011fu\u2019ya a\u00e7\u0131lan kap\u0131yd\u0131, hammadde kaynaklar\u0131na eri\u015fim yoluydu. Ve \u0130ngiltere, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcndeki bu g\u00fczergaha g\u00f6z dikmi\u015fti. Osmanl\u0131 ise b\u00f6lgedeki dini n\u00fcfuzunu kullanarak etki sa\u011flamay\u0131 hesapl\u0131yordu. K\u00fcresel rekabet Kafkasya\u2019ya dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda biz Kafkas halklar\u0131 kendi asalet kompart\u0131manlar\u0131m\u0131zda d\u00fcnyadan bihaber ya\u015fay\u0131p gidiyorduk.<\/p>\n

Ne yaz\u0131k ki, sanayi g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irenlere kar\u015f\u0131 romantik soylulu\u011fumuz s\u00f6kmedi. Bakmay\u0131n siz \u00f6yle Karl Marks\u2019\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck tutkumuza ve direni\u015f kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za \u00f6vg\u00fclerine, bal gibi yanl\u0131\u015f ata oynamam\u0131z\u0131n h\u00fcsran\u0131 ile k\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p savrulduk. Feodal beylerimizin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve hesaps\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 can\u0131m\u0131zla, kan\u0131m\u0131zla ve vatan\u0131m\u0131zla \u00f6dedik. Ne soylular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yurtseverli\u011fi yurtseverlikti ne liderlerimizin bilgeli\u011fi bilgelik… Kimi Ruslarla Hac pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131 murad\u0131na erdi, kimi Osmanl\u0131 ile n\u00fcfus pazarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131 paye edindi. O y\u00fczden kolayca boyun e\u011fdik s\u00fcrg\u00fcne ve terkediverdik yurtlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131.<\/p>\n

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Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fcnden fark\u0131 yok. Kafkasya bu kez pamuktan, ipekten \u00e7ok daha hayati bir hammaddenin, petrol\u00fcn ve do\u011fal gaz\u0131n ge\u00e7i\u015f yolu. Rekabet daha yak\u0131c\u0131, oyun daha tehlikeli.<\/p>\n

Amerikan-G\u00fcrc\u00fc eksenli \u201c\u00c7erkes a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\u201dn\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmaz\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekmemiz bundand\u0131. Bu a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 destekleyen kimi dostlar\u0131m\u0131z uyar\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, \u201c\u00c7erkesler ak\u0131ll\u0131d\u0131r, oyuna gelmez\u201d hafifli\u011finde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00c7erkeslerin ak\u0131ll\u0131 oldu\u011funa hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok. Hepimiz ak\u0131ll\u0131y\u0131z. D\u00fcn de \u00f6yleydik bug\u00fcn de. Yine de Kafkasya tarihimiz, hesaps\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z ve oyuna gelmelerimizin a\u011f\u0131r bedellerini \u00f6dedi\u011fimiz sava\u015f ve y\u0131k\u0131mlarla dolu. Ve maalesef Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n bir yar\u0131s\u0131nda tarihin tekerr\u00fcr\u00fc devam ediyor. Bu kez in\u015fallah iyi hesap yapar\u0131z ve oyuna gelmeyiz. Demem odur ki, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00fcresel oyunlar\u0131nda ak\u0131ll\u0131 olmak yetmeyebiliyor, toplumsal akl\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bizi yeni k\u0131r\u0131lmalara kar\u015f\u0131 koruyarak ileriye ta\u015f\u0131yacak basireti de g\u00f6stermesi gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Velhas\u0131l,<\/p>\n

<\/b>D\u00fcnya yeni payla\u015f\u0131m d\u00fczenine ve yeni s\u0131n\u0131fsal yap\u0131la\u015fmalara ge\u00e7i\u015f yaparken biz soyluluk katmanlar\u0131m\u0131zda hayat\u0131 \u0131skalamaya devam ediyorduk.. D\u00fcnyada 1 May\u0131s\u2019lar ya\u015fan\u0131rken biz s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yollar\u0131nda hayata tutunmaya \u00e7abal\u0131yorduk. Ve bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnya daha \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl bir rekabet sava\u015f\u0131nda. Bu kez iska ge\u00e7meyelim. Yeterince telef olduk. Bu kez ak\u0131lbirli\u011fi yaparak gelece\u011fe sa\u011flam tutunal\u0131m. Bu kez ya\u015famay\u0131 se\u00e7elim.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sezai Babakuş 28.04.2010 1 Mayıs… Yılbaşını saymazsak, dünyanın tüm ülkelerinde ve tüm halklarında ortak kutlamayı hakeden tek gün. İşçi sınıfının dayanışma günü. Emeğe saygı günü. Barış ve demokrasi için mücadele günü. Hepimize kutlu olsun. Bu yılki 1 Mayıs’ın Türkiye için ayrı bir önemi, anlamı var. 33 yıl aradan sonra işçi ve emekçiler yeniden Taksim’e ayak 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