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Ayd\u0131n Turan<\/strong><\/p>\n Kafkas \u2013 Rus sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n bir uzant\u0131s\u0131 olarak Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Kuzey Kafkasya diasporas\u0131(1) ilk formel yap\u0131lan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in hemen sonras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Bu, bir \u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7o\u011fulcu yap\u0131\u201dy\u0131, \u201cetnisite a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131yan, ama, m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcnde birle\u015fen bir kitleyi\u201d ifade eden \u201cOsmanl\u0131l\u0131k\u201d olgusunda(2), diasporan\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6nemecini te\u015fkil ediyordu. Kurucu ve \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin asker\/b\u00fcrokrat, yazar, hukuk\u00e7u, doktor vs. tabakas\u0131na mensup bir \u00e7ok tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f simas\u0131 bulunan \u00c7erkes \u0130ttihad ve Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti (\u00c7\u0130TC)(3), hen\u00fcz \u201chukuki bir alt yap\u0131s\u0131 olmayan\u201d cemiyetle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde(4) \u201cm\u00fcslim az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n\u201d olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 \u201cyar\u0131 siyasi say\u0131labilecek\u201d bir kurulu\u015f(5) halinde di\u011fer cemiyetler aras\u0131ndaki yerini ald\u0131. Giderek par\u00e7alanan J\u00f6nt\u00fcrk hareketi i\u00e7indeki bir \u00e7ok Kuzey Kafkasyal\u0131 sima da, ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunduklar\u0131 f\u0131rkalarla ili\u015fkilerini kesmeksizin \u00c7\u0130TC\u2019nin faaliyetlerine i\u015ftirak etti. S\u00f6zkonusu faaliyetler do\u011frudan ya da XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son \u00e7eyre\u011finde, bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezi olan \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6renler(7) kanal\u0131yla ata topraklar\u0131na dek uzat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n K\u0131rsal \u00f6zelliklere sahip Kuzey Kafkasya diasporas\u0131n\u0131n entellekt\u00fcel donan\u0131ml\u0131 bu toplulu\u011fu, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n profili dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, homojenlikten olduk\u00e7a uzakt\u0131. \u201cHace-i evvel\u201d Ahmet Mithad Efendi ile Mizanc\u0131 Murad gibi \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 kulvarlarda ko\u015fan iki isim ya da \u201cOsmanl\u0131 \u0130ttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti\u201dnin kurucu d\u00f6rt isminden biri Kafkasya do\u011fumlu Dr. Mehmed Re\u015fid ile 1908 meclisinde \u0130stanbul Mebusu olan \u0130ttihad ve Terakki kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u201c\u015eehrah\u201d ve \u201cTanzimat\u201d gibi gazetelerin yay\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Tahir Hayreddin(7), ayn\u0131 cemiyette bulu\u015fabiliyorlard\u0131. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Mahmud \u015eevket Pa\u015fa veya Aziz Ali M\u0131sri gibi, yak\u0131n say\u0131labilecek ge\u00e7mi\u015fleriyle ilgilerini kesmi\u015f g\u00f6z\u00fcken simalar hi\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde diaspora olu\u015fumlar\u0131na kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131.(8)<\/p>\n Bir dizi k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flatarak hem diasporan\u0131n, hem de Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n akt\u00fcel sorunlar\u0131na el atan \u00c7\u0130TC, 31 Mart ayaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 takip eden g\u00fcnlerde partiler\u00fcst\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyle olu\u015fturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan \u201cHeyeti M\u00fcttefikai Osmaniye\u201dnin kurulu\u015funda izlendi\u011fi gibi, Osmanl\u0131 siyasal alan\u0131nda da kendine yer bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.(9)<\/p>\n Diasporan\u0131n politik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda Ayan Azas\u0131 M\u00fc\u015fir Fuad Pa\u015fa(10) kilit isimdi. Kurat\u2019\u0131n kaydetti\u011fine g\u00f6re Enver Pa\u015fa, daha 1914 A\u011fustos\u2019unda onun kanal\u0131yla Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019da Rusya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 bir hareketi organize etmek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesindeydi. Kafkasya\u2019da \u201cbirka\u00e7 muhtar \u00fclkeden m\u00fcte\u015fekkil bir devlet te\u015fkili\u201d ve \u201cba\u015f\u0131na bir Osmanl\u0131 prensinin getirilmesi\u201d plan\u0131n\u0131 uygulayacak \u201cT\u00fcrk S\u0131hhi Misyonu\u2019 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda\u201d Osmanl\u0131 vatanda\u015f\u0131 baz\u0131 muhacirlerden kurulan organizasyonun mimar\u0131 M\u00fc\u015fir Fuad Pa\u015fa idi(11) . \u0130ttihad ve Terakki\u2019nin deste\u011fiyle I.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde Azeri ve G\u00fcrc\u00fc gruplar\u0131n da kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla \u00f6nce \u201cKafkasya Komitesi\u201d; daha sonra \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Kuzey Kafkasya Siyasi Muhacirleri Komitesi\u201d \u00fcnvan\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen kapal\u0131 yap\u0131lan\u0131\u015flarda(12) M\u00fc\u015fir Fuad Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir konumda bulundu\u011fu eldeki belgelerden anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 isim, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6nemi Kuzey Kafkasya diasporas\u0131n\u0131n en politize \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc olan ve esasen \u00c7\u0130TC kadrolar\u0131na dayanan \u201c\u015eimali Kafkas Cemiyeti\u201dnde de a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 bir yere sahipti.<\/p>\n Halihaz\u0131rda \u201c\u015eimali Kafkas Cemiyeti\u201d\u2018ne (\u015eKC) ili\u015fkin elimizde bulunan iki temel belgeden ilki, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tesad\u00fcfle taraf\u0131mdan \u00e7\u00f6p y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan, 1335 (1919) y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u201cMinber Matbaas\u0131\u201dnda bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 12 maddelik bir talimatname olup, k\u0131ymetli arkada\u015f\u0131m Berat Bir taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz T\u00fcrk\u00e7esine aktar\u0131larak yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.(13) Yine 1919\u2019da ayn\u0131 matbaada bas\u0131lan 11 madde ve 8 sayfadan ibaret cemiyetin nizamnamesi ise, titiz bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 kimli\u011fine sahip Sn. Sefer E. Berzeg taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131n zamanlarda ne\u015fredilmi\u015ftir.(14) \u015eKC ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ait di\u011fer \u00f6nemli tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 bilgiler, aralar\u0131nda \u201cMustafa Suphi hadisesi\u201d de olmak \u00fczere yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemin baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli olaylar\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutabilme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahip \u201cKafkasya Hat\u0131ralar\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 kitapta bulunmaktad\u0131r.(15)<\/p>\n 1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda kaleme al\u0131nan s\u00f6zkonusu hat\u0131rat\u0131n(16) sahibi, Abhaz k\u00f6kenli Mustafa Butbay hakk\u0131nda ne yaz\u0131k ki pek bilgimiz yoktur. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6zkonusu kitapta buldu\u011fumuz s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bilgiler(17); ihtiyatla kar\u015f\u0131lanabilecek baz\u0131 noktalara ra\u011fmen Dr.Vasfi G\u00fcsar\u2019\u0131n (1895-1978) yay\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f notlar\u0131yla tamamlanabilmi\u015ftir(18).<\/p>\n \u015eKC\u2019nin nizamnamesi 1919 tarihli olmakla birlikte, kurulu\u015fun bu tarih \u00f6ncesinde (b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle 1918 bahar\u0131nda) ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi baz\u0131 kay\u0131tlardan anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6zkonusu kay\u0131tlardan biri, Kafkasya do\u011fumlu g\u00f6\u00e7men olan Aziz Meker (1877-1941) Bey\u2019in 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda cemiyetin Beyo\u011flu\u2019ndaki merkezinde \u201cKafkasya\u2019n\u0131n Ahval-i \u0130\u00e7timaiye ve \u0130ktisadiyesine Dair Konferans\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sundu\u011fu anlat\u0131md\u0131r ki, 37 sayfal\u0131k bir risale halinde ayn\u0131 y\u0131l \u201cAhmet \u0130hsan Matbaas\u0131\u201dnda bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.(19) B\u00fct\u00fcn Kuzey Kafkasyal\u0131lar\u0131 \u201cbir b\u00fcy\u00fck aile ve bir millet\u201d kabul eden \u015eimali Kafkas Cemiyeti\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131k ama\u00e7lar\u0131, nizamnamesinin ikinci maddesinde \u201cKuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n asli unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n milli haklar\u0131n\u0131 savunmak, elde etmek ve ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en unsurlar aras\u0131nda karde\u015flik, milli dayan\u0131\u015fma ve yard\u0131mla\u015fmay\u0131 kurmak ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek; milli karakteri geli\u015ftirmek, ilimler ve uygulamal\u0131 bilimleri (ul\u00fbm ve fun\u00fbnu) ve \u00f6zellikle milli e\u011fitimi yaymak ve genelle\u015ftirmek; sanat ve ticareti te\u015fvik, yetim \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve yard\u0131ma muhta\u00e7 aileleri himaye; hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele ile milli n\u00fcfusu artt\u0131rmak ve soyun safl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumakt\u0131r\u201d \u015feklinde s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015f; bunlara ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in \u201cmilli dilleri yaz\u0131l\u0131 hale getirmek\u201d, \u201cmilli okullar kurarak milli e\u011fitimi yaymak\u201d \u201cmilli unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerlerde \u015fubeler a\u00e7mak\u201d \u201c\u00e7e\u015fitli dillerde gazete ve bro\u015f\u00fcrler yay\u0131mlamak\u201d gibi vas\u0131talar kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u015eKC ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na getirilen \u201cMilli Ajans M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc\u201d H\u00fcseyin Tosun (\u015ehapl\u0131) Bey, Osmanl\u0131 siyasal ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n en ilgin\u00e7 simalar\u0131ndan biri idi. Harbokulu\u2019nu bitirdikten sonra, ihtilalci eylemleri sebebiyle tutuklanm\u0131\u015f, daha sonra Trablus Askeri R\u00fc\u015fdiyesi\u2019ne Frans\u0131zca \u00f6\u011fretmeni olarak g\u00f6nderilmi\u015fti(1896). \u201c\u00c7erkes g\u00f6\u00e7menleri temsilcisi\u201d s\u0131fat\u0131yla, 1902\u2019de Paris\u2019te toplanan \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Liberalleri Kongresi\u201dne i\u015ftirak eden H\u00fcseyin Tosun, bu kongredeki anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n bir uzant\u0131s\u0131 olarak olu\u015fturulan \u201cTe\u015febb\u00fcs-\u00fc \u015eahsi ve Adem-i Merkeziyet Cemiyeti\u201dnin kurucular\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015f, Avrupa\u2019dan Kafkasya yoluyla ge\u00e7ti\u011fi Anadolu\u2019da \u201cErzurum \u0130syan\u0131\u201dn\u0131ndaki (1907) rol\u00fc dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu hapse mahkum edilmi\u015f, II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in ilan\u0131yla serbest b\u0131rak\u0131larak Erzurum\u2019dan \u201cMebuslar Meclisi\u201dne \u00fcye se\u00e7ilmi\u015fti. Ate\u015fli bir Kafkasya milliyet\u00e7isi olarak, diaspora te\u015fekk\u00fcllerinin aktif elemanlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda g\u00f6z\u00fcken H\u00fcseyin Tosun\u2019un yan\u0131s\u0131ra(20), \u015eKC b\u00fcnyesinde, Dr. Mehmed Re\u015fid Bey(21), Bekir Sami Kundukh(22), \u0130smail Canbulat(23), Yusuf \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa(24), Aziz (Meker) Bey(25), H\u00fcseyin Kadri (\u015ehapl\u0131)(26), Hayriye Melek Han\u0131m(27) gibi simalar da bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan metinlerinde her ne kadar toplumsal, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ekonomik konular a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fckse de, \u015eimali Kafkas Cemiyeti politik geli\u015fmelerde yer almaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin daha 1914\u2019lerde, \u015eKC \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na da kat\u0131lanlar taraf\u0131ndan uluslararas\u0131 platformlara ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu husus hi\u00e7 de yad\u0131rgat\u0131c\u0131 gelmemektedir. Rusya\u2019da monar\u015finin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve bol\u015fevik ihtilalini takip eden g\u00fcnlerde s\u00f6zkonusu \u00e7evreler a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a, Osmanl\u0131 politik sahnesinde etkili konumlar\u0131yla, \u201canavatan\u201dlar\u0131yla politik ili\u015fkilerini \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 boyutlara ta\u015f\u0131yarak resmi ve gayri resmi ili\u015fkilerin oda\u011f\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Nitekim, Nisan 1918\u2019de Osmanl\u0131-Transkafkasya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerini izlemek \u00fczere Trabzon\u2019a gelen bir delegasyon, kendisi de Kuzey Kafkasya k\u00f6kenli Miralay H\u00fcseyin Rauf (Orbay) ile temas kurmu\u015f(28), konferans\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmaza girmesi \u00fczerine \u0130stanbul\u2019da Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetiyle resmi temaslara ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (6 May\u0131s 1918). Heyetin Osmanl\u0131 yetkililerden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cKafkas halklar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131maya haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu ve m\u00fcttefiklerinin de tan\u0131mas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli giri\u015fimlerde bulunaca\u011f\u0131 garantisi\u201dnin(29) arkaplan\u0131nda diaspora siyaset\u00e7ilerinin deste\u011fi s\u00f6zkonusudur. Pera Palas\u2019a yerle\u015fen bu heyet \u00e7e\u015fitli zamanlarda diaspora kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6neticileriyle geli\u015fmeler hakk\u0131nda bilgi al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fi yapm\u0131\u015f, 11 May\u0131s 1918\u2019de \u201cKuzey Kafkasya Cumhuriyeti\u201dnin ilan\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Heyetin bas\u0131n organlar\u0131yla irtibat\u0131, \u015eKC ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda \u201cMilli Ajans\u201d m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc H\u00fcseyin Tosun Bey kanal\u0131yla sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f, kamuoyunu harekete ge\u00e7irmeye y\u00f6nelik bir dizi ziyaret(30) muhaceret kesimince organize edilmi\u015fti. 8 Haziran 1918\u2019de imzalanan \u201cdostluk ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 yard\u0131m anla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d(31) \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilen, \u00e7o\u011fu eski muhacerete mensup askerlerden olu\u015fan Osmanl\u0131 birliklerinin deste\u011fiyle k\u00f6klendirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan yeni devlet, olanca \u00e7abalara ra\u011fmen Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hi\u00e7 bir devlet taraf\u0131ndan \u201cde jure\u201d tan\u0131nmad\u0131(32). Uluslararas\u0131 platformda yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, yeni olu\u015fum \u0130ttihad ve Terakki\u2019nin ileri gelenleri ve \u015eKC kadrolar\u0131nca desteklendi. \u00d6yle ki, Talat Pa\u015fa kabinesi 14 Ekim\u2019de istifa etmesine, 30 Ekim 1918\u2019de Mondros M\u00fctarekesi\u2019nin imzalanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen siyasi ve askeri yard\u0131m s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu(33). Enver Pa\u015fa, 22 Ekim 1918\u2019de \u201chas\u0131mlar\u201dla temas sa\u011flanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin \u0130svi\u00e7re Sefiri\u2019ne g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi bir notta, tarafs\u0131z \u00fclke \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de faaliyet g\u00f6sterecek bir heyetin yola \u00e7\u0131kmak \u00fczere oldu\u011fundan bahsediyordu(34). S\u00f6zkonusu heyet \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131nda Kuzey Kafkasya D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Haydar Bammat\u2019\u0131n (1890-1965) yan\u0131s\u0131ra \u015eimali Kafkas Cemiyeti elemanlar\u0131ndan Aziz Bey (Meker) de bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n Ne var ki, \u0130ttihad ve Terakki h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin \u00e7\u00f6kmesi \u015eimali Kafkas Cemiyeti\u2019nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 geriletmekle kalmad\u0131, gelir kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daraltt\u0131. Partinin lider kadrosu Osmanl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karken, 5 Kas\u0131m\u2019da \u0130stanbul Polis M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u0130ttihad\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n ileri gelenlerinden ve \u00c7erkes \u0130ttihad ve Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti ile \u015eimali Kafkas Cemiyeti mensubu Dr. Re\u015fid Beyi tutuklad\u0131(35). 13 Kas\u0131m 1918\u2019de \u201cde facto\u201d olarak \u0130stanbul\u2019un m\u00fcttefiklerce i\u015fgaline ba\u015fland\u0131(36). Bu a\u015famada cemiyetin \u00fcnvan\u0131 \u201c\u015eimali Kafkasya Muhacirleri Cemiyet-i Hayriyesi\u201dne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. M\u00fctareke \u00f6ncesinde titizlikle yap\u0131lan (hatta \u201cgizli\u201d) \u00fcye kay\u0131tlar\u0131 gev\u015fetilerek, ba\u015fvuran herkesin cemiyet b\u00fcnyesinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesine yol a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Bammat\u2019\u0131n Polonya devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 Pilsudski\u2019ye \u201ciki \u00fclkeyi birbirine ba\u011flayan tarihi dostlu\u011fu, yurtta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n samimi duygular\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatarak i\u015fbirli\u011fi teklifi\u201dnde bulundu\u011fu mektubunun Aral\u0131k 1918\u2019de Bern\u2019den g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi(37) dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Enver\u2019in bahsetti\u011fi heyetin, ayn\u0131 ay Bern\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ihtimaldir. Bu tarih yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak, Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilen 30 Nisan 1919 tarihli bir telgrafla da teyid edilebilir(38). Butbay, \u0130ttihad\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n maddi deste\u011fi ba\u011flam\u0131nda, Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n, Kuzey Kafkasya meselesini Bat\u0131 kamuoyuna ula\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere 10.000 mark tutar\u0131nda bir fon aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Haydar Bammat ile Aziz Bey\u2019in bu parayla \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de baz\u0131 kitap ve bro\u015f\u00fcrler ne\u015frettiklerini kaydetmektedir ki(39), ilgili d\u00f6nemin literat\u00fcr\u00fc kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za, Bern ve Lozan bas\u0131ml\u0131 birka\u00e7 kitap\u00e7\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r(40). Bunlara ilave olarak, Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u201c\u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n emperyalizm boyunduru\u011fundan kurtulmas\u0131na\u201d y\u00f6nelik faaliyet g\u00f6stermesini planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c\u0130slam \u0130htilal Cemiyetleri \u0130ttihad\u0131\u201dn\u0131n(41) yay\u0131n organ\u0131 \u201cLiva El \u0130slam\u201d\u0131n (\u0130slam Bayra\u011f\u0131) sorumlusunun, Osmanl\u0131 tebas\u0131ndan Uzunyayla do\u011fumlu bir hekim ve \u00c7\u0130TC \u00fcyelerinden \u0130lyas Bragun olmas\u0131 da kayda de\u011ferdir.<\/p>\n M\u00fctareke sonras\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u015eKC\u2019nin zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmamas\u0131 imkans\u0131zd\u0131. Cemiyet buna ra\u011fmen hem i\u00e7 meselelerle, hem de Kafkasya\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik hedeflerinde \u0131srarl\u0131 bir tutum izlemeye devam etti. 24 \u015eubat 1919 g\u00fcn\u00fc cemiyet merkezinde, di\u011fer Kuzey Kafkasya muhacir kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ve asker\/b\u00fcrokrat tabakaya mensup baz\u0131 simalar\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndaki ve Kafkasya\u2019daki son geli\u015fmelerin ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir toplant\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi(42). M\u00fc\u015fir Fuad Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n oturum ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki bu toplant\u0131ya, aralar\u0131nda H\u00fcseyin Rauf Bey (Orbay) olmak \u00fczere 108 ki\u015fi i\u015ftirak etti ve mutab\u0131k kal\u0131nan konular\u0131n, bir kurul arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla Padi\u015fah\u2019a bildirilmesi karara ba\u011fland\u0131(43). Cemiyetin elemanlar\u0131 da bir m\u00fcddet sonra, kararlar do\u011frultusunda, \u00f6zellikle g\u00fcney Marmara ve \u0130zmit-D\u00fczce aras\u0131nda Kuzey Kafkasya muhacirlerinin yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu y\u00f6relerde \u201cvatanda\u015flar aras\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k sokan, memleketin s\u00fckun ve rahat\u0131n\u0131 bozan serke\u015flere\u201d nasihatler vermek \u00fczere \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara koyuldu(44).<\/p>\n Di\u011fer taraftan, \u0130stanbul\u2019daki yabanc\u0131 misyon temsilcilikleri nezdinde giri\u015fimler yapmak \u00fczere, siyasal tercihlerindeki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan son derece ilgin\u00e7 kompozisyon olu\u015fturan d\u00f6rt ki\u015filik bir kurul te\u015fkil edildi. Bir d\u00f6nem \u201cH\u00fcrriyet ve \u0130tilaf F\u0131rkas\u0131\u201dn\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc omuzlayan M\u00fc\u015fir Fuad Pa\u015fa (Thuga), Prens Sabahaddin grubunun kilit isimlerinden H\u00fcseyin Tosun (\u015ehapl\u0131), Spartakist hareket etkisinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ilk legal \u201ckom\u00fcnist\u201d partisi say\u0131lan \u201cT\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve \u00c7ift\u00e7i Sosyalist F\u0131rkas\u0131\u201dn\u0131n(45) ilk ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan \u00fcnl\u00fc ressam Nam\u0131k \u0130smail (Ze\u015fu) (1890-1935)(46) ve Mustafa Butbe\u2019den (Butbay) olu\u015fan bu kurul Kuzey Kafkasya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar sergiledi.<\/p>\n Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra, 1919 yaz\u0131na dek \u015eKC, nizamnamesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc maddesine uygun olarak, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel aktiviteler kapsam\u0131nda \u201cmilli diller\u201d \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara h\u0131z verdi. Cemiyet b\u00fcnyesinde Yusuf \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki alfabe komisyonu latin esasl\u0131 alfabeyle Kuzey Kafkasya dillerinin yaz\u0131ya aktar\u0131lmas\u0131na koyuldu. \u015eimali Kafkas Cemiyeti\u2019nin yay\u0131n\u0131 olarak \u00e7\u0131kan baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar \u201c\u00c7erkes \u0130nas Numune Mektebi\u201d ve \u201c\u00c7erkes Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti\u201d gibi yerlerde sat\u0131\u015fa \/ da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ma sunuldu. Bunlar aras\u0131nda bir ilahiyat\u00e7\u0131, \u00f6\u011fretmen ve hukuk\u00e7u olan H\u00fcseyin \u015eem\u2019i\u2019nin (T\u00fcmer)(47)\u201dT\u0131me Hace Yed\u0131qkue Seyin\u201d imzas\u0131yla ne\u015fredilen iki kitab\u0131, Humus (Suriye) do\u011fumlu bir e\u011fitimci Blenav Batuk(o) Harun\u2019un(48) imzas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan alfabe \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, Galatasaray Lisesi ile Dar\u00fc\u015f\u015fafaka\u2019daki \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011finin yan\u0131s\u0131ra \u201cBe\u015fikta\u015f \u0130nas Terakki Mektebi M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d yapan Mustafa Butbay\u2019\u0131n \u201cAb\u0131tr M.\u201d imzas\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kan ve \u201cher hakk\u0131 \u00c7erkes Yetim Mektebi menfaatine\u201d b\u0131rak\u0131lan latin esasl\u0131 Abhaz alfabesi dikkate de\u011ferdir(49).<\/p>\n M\u00fctareke sonras\u0131, \u201csiyasetle u\u011fra\u015fmayan\u201d bir yap\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcne b\u00fcr\u00fcnmesine ra\u011fmen \u015eKC, \u00f6zellikle Damat Ferid h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin bask\u0131s\u0131ndan ka\u00e7amad\u0131. \u00dcyelerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0130ttihad\u00e7\u0131 kadrolar aras\u0131nda ya da yak\u0131n\u0131nda yer almas\u0131, \u015eKC\u2019nin \u0130ttihad ve Terakki\u2019nin uzant\u0131s\u0131 ve propogandac\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu izlenimini g\u00fc\u00e7lendiriyordu. \u0130ngiliz komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bu y\u00f6nde bilgi aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, cemiyetin Beyo\u011flu\u2019ndaki merkezi 21 Haziran 1919\u2019de bas\u0131larak \u015eKC kapat\u0131ld\u0131. Butbay bu kapat\u0131l\u0131\u015f \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc \u201c(\u2026) bir g\u00fcn bir \u0130ngiliz subay\u0131, yan\u0131nda bir \u0130ngiliz polisi oldu\u011fu halde cemiyetin Beyo\u011flu merkezine geldi, bizi da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131, kasay\u0131 m\u00fch\u00fcrledi, mevcut evrak ve defterleri m\u00fcsadere etti. Bizler de kap\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131 olduk. D\u00fcn yard\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fimiz bir h\u00fck\u00fcmetin, bug\u00fcn bizi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktan al\u0131koymas\u0131na hayret ettik. Hele h\u00fck\u00fcmet merkezinin \u0130ngiliz zab\u0131tas\u0131 vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile bizi s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00e7irkin idi\u201d diyerek anlat\u0131r(50). Bask\u0131n s\u0131ras\u0131nda binada bulunan Butbay ve H\u00fcseyin \u015eem\u2019i (T\u00fcmer) taraf\u0131ndan imzalanan bir tutanakla(51) teslim al\u0131narak Be\u015fikta\u015f\u2019taki \u201cAnas Terakki Mektebi\u201dne b\u0131rak\u0131lan \u015eKC\u2019ne ait e\u015fyalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu bas\u0131l\u0131 yay\u0131nd\u0131(52). \u015eKC\u2019nin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131, faaliyetlerinin sona erdi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmiyordu. Mekans\u0131z kalan cemiyet \u00fcyeleri k\u00e2h evlerde ya da otel odalar\u0131nda, k\u00e2h \u201c\u00c7erkes Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti\u201dnde toplanarak bir yandan hedefleri do\u011frultusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc, \u00f6te yandan da Damat Ferid Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n iktidardan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 giri\u015fimlerinde bulundu. Nitekim Damat Ferid\u2019in \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kabinesinin d\u00fc\u015fmesinde M\u00fc\u015fir Fuad Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n Vahdeddin ile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme etkili oldu (Eyl\u00fcl 1919).<\/p>\n Cemiyetin bu karma\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6nemde Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik yapabildi\u011fi en \u00f6nemli yard\u0131m, siyasi-askeri bir delegasyonun ata topraklar\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmesi oldu. \u201cBir ve b\u00f6l\u00fcnmez Rusya\u201d pe\u015findeki beyaz general Denikin\u2019in 1919\u2019nin ilk g\u00fcnlerinde ba\u015flay\u0131p May\u0131s ay\u0131na dek Kuzey Kafkasya Cumhuriyeti topraklar\u0131nda s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 harekat\u0131nda ulusal h\u00fck\u00fcmet da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, direni\u015f bu co\u011frafyadaki t\u00fcm gruplar\u0131n i\u015ftirakiyle, Uzun Hac\u0131 ve Aku\u015fal\u0131 Ali Hac\u0131\u2019n\u0131n liderli\u011findeki \u201cSavunma Konseyi\u201d taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Maddi olanaks\u0131zl\u0131klar ve politik a\u00e7mazlarla uzun s\u00fcredir bo\u011fu\u015fan Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019ya destek sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6nderilen murahhaslar\u0131n seslendirdi\u011fi taleplerin muhatab\u0131 \u015eKC olmu\u015ftu. Cemiyetin Harbiye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Cemal ve Fevzi Pa\u015falar\u0131n, yan\u0131s\u0131ra Kaz\u0131m Karabekir\u2019in \u201cmuvafakat ve muavenetlerile\u201d giri\u015fti\u011fi bu eyleme(53) ili\u015fkin son d\u00fczenleme, Butbay\u2019\u0131n kaydetti\u011fine g\u00f6re, Sivas Kongresi (4-11 Eyl\u00fcl 1919) sonras\u0131nda Bekir Sami (Kundukh) Bey\u2019in Te\u015fvikiye\u2019deki evinde yap\u0131ld\u0131. Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131n\u0131n ikinci haftas\u0131ndan sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lan toplant\u0131y\u0131 ilgin\u00e7 k\u0131lan nokta, plana gizli direni\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u201cKarakol Cemiyeti\u201d liderlerinden (Kara) Vas\u0131f Bey\u2019in de i\u015ftirak etmesidir. Bu da, \u015eKC\u2019nin \u201cKarakol Cemiyeti\u201dyle organik ba\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 muhtemel k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u015eKC\u2019nin Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019ya g\u00f6nderece\u011fi delegasyona dahil olacak isimler, 1918\u2019de \u201cKuzey Kafkasya Kolordusu\u201dnun kurmay ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revini yapan Kur. Alb. \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 (Berkok)(54) taraf\u0131ndan tesbit edildi. Bunlar Kur. Albay \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 (Berkok), Mustafa Butbay, Pilot Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Tevfik, Top\u00e7u \u00dcstte\u011fmen \u0130smail Hakk\u0131, Piyade Te\u011fmen Cudi, Piyade Te\u011fmen Muzaffer, Hakk\u0131 Bey ve 6 \u00f6\u011fretmen asker idi(55). Kurula, Tiflis\u2019te bulunan Aziz Bey de dahil olacak, yolculu\u011fun finansman\u0131 ise, cemiyetin kontrol\u00fcndeki bir kasadan kar\u015f\u0131lanacakt\u0131(56). D\u00f6nemin \u0130stanbul Merkez Komutan\u0131 Kuzey Kafkasya k\u00f6kenli Ali Said Pa\u015fa (Akbaytugan) (1872-1950), Mustafa Butbay\u2019\u0131n izin problemini halletmi\u015f, sonunda heyet 2 \u015eubat 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u201cG\u00fclnihal\u201d vapuruyla be\u015f ay s\u00fcrecek g\u00f6revine ba\u015flamak \u00fczere yola koyulmu\u015ftu (Kur. Albay \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 (Berkok) ile Top\u00e7u \u00dcstte\u011fmen \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 \u201ci\u015flerini bitiremediklerinden\u201d bu vapura binememi\u015f; Piyade Te\u011fmen Muzaffer ile Emin adl\u0131 asker Hopa\u2019da kafileyi terketmi\u015flerdi)(57).<\/p>\n \u015eKC\u2019nin ya\u015fam\u0131ndaki dramatik safha, kurulun hareketini takip eden birka\u00e7 hafta sonra belirdi. Cemiyete do\u011frudan ya da dolayl\u0131 destek sa\u011flayan baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli isimler (eski Bahriye Naz\u0131r\u0131 H\u00fcseyin Rauf, eski Dahiliye Naz\u0131r\u0131 \u0130smail Canbulat, eski Karesi mebusu H\u00fcseyin Kadri, \u015eKC ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve \u201cMilli Ajans M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc\u201d H\u00fcseyin Tosun, eski Edirne Valisi Zekeriya Zihni, \u0130stanbul Merkez Komutan\u0131 Ali Said Pa\u015fa, M\u00fcrsel Pa\u015fa), \u0130ngiliz i\u015fgal kuvvetleri taraf\u0131ndan Malta\u2019ya s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc(58). \u015eKC\u2019nin ayn\u0131 kaderi payla\u015fmayan di\u011fer \u00fcyeleri ise, Anadolu hareketine destek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Malta s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlerinin tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131 da, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerinde ayn\u0131 do\u011frultuda hareket etti. Cemiyetin \u00f6zel bir misyonla g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi kurulun bir ka\u00e7 ay boyunca Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n direni\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7lerini organize etmek, yeni bir parlamento olu\u015fturmak, gerekirse bol\u015feviklerle uzla\u015farak ulusal ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 korumak amac\u0131yla, \u00e7e\u015fitli gruplarla ve bu arada Kafkasya\u2019daki \u0130tilaf kuvvetleriyle sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 temaslardan olumlu sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namam\u0131\u015f, bu durumda Kur. Alb.\u0130smail Hakk\u0131 ile Aziz Beyler 27 Temmuz 1920\u2019de Anadolu\u2019ya ge\u00e7mek \u00fczere Trabzon\u2019a ula\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n EK-I<\/p>\n \u015e\u0130MAL\u0130 KAFKAS CEM\u0130YET\u0130 N\u0130ZAMNAMES\u0130<\/p>\n Madde 1- A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da ikinci maddede yaz\u0131l\u0131 gayelere hizmet etmek ve genel merkezi \u0130stanbul\u2019da olmak \u00fczere erkekler ve kad\u0131nlardan olu\u015fan \u201c\u015eimali Kafkas Cemiyeti\u201d kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Madde 2- Derne\u011fin izleyece\u011fi gayeler: Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n asli unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n milli haklar\u0131n\u0131 savunmak, elde etmek ve ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en unsurlar aras\u0131nda karde\u015flik, milli dayan\u0131\u015fma ve yard\u0131mla\u015fmay\u0131 kurmak ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek; milli karakteri geli\u015ftirmek, ilimler ve uygulamal\u0131 bilimleri (ul\u00fbm ve fun\u00fbnu) ve \u00f6zellikle milli e\u011fitimi yaymak ve genelle\u015ftirmek; sanat ve ticareti te\u015fvik, yetim \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve yard\u0131ma muhta\u00e7 aileleri himaye; hastal\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele ile milli n\u00fcfusu artt\u0131rmak ve soyun safl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Madde 3- Dernek ikinci maddede belirtilen gayelere ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in her\u015feyden \u00f6nce milli dilleri yaz\u0131l\u0131 hale getirerek, milli okullar kurarak milli e\u011fitimi yayacak ve genelle\u015ftirecektir. Milli unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerlerde \u015fubeler a\u00e7acak, \u00e7e\u015fitli dillerde gazete ve bro\u015f\u00fcrler yay\u0131mlayarak ve gereken di\u011fer vas\u0131talarla tarihini ve milli haklar\u0131n\u0131 uygarl\u0131k d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n kar\u0131 ilan edecek ve savunacakt\u0131r. Di\u011fer milli kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturarak milli ve medeni ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Milli unsurlar aras\u0131nda derne\u011fin fikirlerini yaymak \u00fczere, Dernek Genel Merkezi taraf\u0131ndan \u0130stanbul\u2019da bir gazete ve ayr\u0131ca bir risale (bro\u015f\u00fcr) yay\u0131mlayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Madde 4- \u00d6rg\u00fct : Dernek \u0130stanbul\u2019da bulunacak olan bir genel merkez ile \u015fubelerden ve baz\u0131 m\u0131nt\u0131kalarda (y\u00f6relerde) birka\u00e7 \u015fubeden olu\u015fan ve m\u0131nt\u0131kan\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan ikinci derece merkezlerden olu\u015facakt\u0131r. \u0130kinci derecedeki merkezler (merak\u0131z-\u0131 t\u00e2liyye) Genel Merkez ve \u015fubelerdeki ikinci derece merkezler taraf\u0131ndan tayin olunacaklard\u0131r. Genel Merkez, \u201cThamate Kurulu\u201d ve \u201cGenel Merkez Y\u00f6netim Kurulu\u201dndan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. \u201cThamate Kurulu\u201d ve \u201cGenel Merkez Y\u00f6netim Kurulu\u201d oniki\u015fer, \u0130kinci Derece Merkez Kurullar\u0131 yedi\u015fer ve \u015fube kurullar\u0131 be\u015fer ki\u015fiden olu\u015facaklard\u0131r. Bir \u015fube kurulundan biri ba\u015fkan, di\u011feri sorumlu katip ve di\u011ferleri \u00fcyelerdir. \u201cThamate\u201d ve \u201c\u0130kinci Derece Merkezler\u201d Kurullar\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l i\u00e7in, di\u011fer kurullar birer y\u0131l i\u00e7in se\u00e7ilirler.<\/p>\n Madde 5- Kuzey Kafkasya milli unsurlar\u0131na (halklar\u0131na) mensup herkes (kad\u0131n veya erkek) derne\u011fin gayelerini kabul etmek ko\u015fuluyla derne\u011fin \u00fcyelerinden olabilir. Ancak oy kullanma hakk\u0131na sahip olabilmek i\u00e7in onsekiz ya\u015f\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olmamak ve en az ayda yirmi kuru\u015ftan ibaret bir para \u00f6demeyi kabul etmi\u015f olmak \u015fartt\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00f6nce \u00f6nemli bir miktar para veren ve ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayan veya \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli bir gelir vakfeden ve vasiyet eden, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hizmeti g\u00f6r\u00fclen ki\u015filer \u201c\u015feref \u00fcyesi\u201d (Aza-\u0131 m\u00fcbeccele) say\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n Madde 6- Se\u00e7im Us\u00fcl\u00fc : \u015eubelerin y\u00f6netim kurulu her \u015fubenin s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunan \u00fcyeleri taraf\u0131ndan \u2013 her bir unsurun temsilcisi bulunacak \u015fekilde \u2013 yap\u0131lacak genel toplant\u0131 ile se\u00e7ilir ve \u201cGenel Merkez\u201de bildirilir. Genel Merkez Y\u00f6netim Kurulu, ululen her \u015fubenin se\u00e7ip g\u00f6nderece\u011fi birer ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan murahhaslar\u0131n (delegelerin) y\u0131lda bir defa akdedece\u011fi Kongre taraf\u0131ndan, bu kongreye kat\u0131lan \u00fcyeler aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilecek yirmid\u00f6rt ki\u015fi aras\u0131ndan \u201cThamate Kurulu\u201d taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilerek atan\u0131r. Bu gayeyle \u0130kinci Derece Merkez (Merak\u0131z-\u0131 T\u00e2liye) Kurullar\u0131 da m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131ndaki \u015fubeler tarf\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde her y\u0131l bir defa se\u00e7ilir. \u201cThamate Kurulu\u201d, t\u00fcm \u015fubelerin genel \u00fcyelerinin \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lda bir toplanmas\u0131yla ve gizli oy y\u00f6ntemiyle se\u00e7ecekleri ki\u015filerden en \u00e7ok oy alanlar ald\u0131klar\u0131 oy s\u0131ras\u0131yla se\u00e7ilirler. \u201cThamate Kurulu\u201dnda, her milli unsurdan mutlaka bir ki\u015fi bulunacakt\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 defa \u201cThamate Kurulu\u201dna se\u00e7ilen ve atanan ki\u015fi bu kurulun daimi \u00fcyelerinden biri olur.<\/p>\n Madde 7- Genel merkez y\u00f6netimi, ikinci derece merkezler ve \u015fube kurullar\u0131 \u00fcyeleri muvazzaf, yani \u00fccretli ve sorumlu olacaklard\u0131r. Bu nedenle daimi toplant\u0131 halinde bulunacaklard\u0131r. Bu gayenin ilk yap\u0131lacak genel kongre ile sa\u011flanmas\u0131na de\u011fin bu kurullar\u0131n \u00fcyeleri fahri olarak g\u00f6rev yapacaklard\u0131r. Thamatelerin hakk-\u0131 huzuru vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Madde 8- G\u00f6revler : Thamate Kurulu derne\u011fin genel gayelerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesiyle g\u00f6revli en y\u00fcksek kurulu ve dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn nigehban\u0131 (bek\u00e7isi, g\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fc)d\u0131r. Derne\u011fin genel gayeleri ile ilgili i\u015f ve konular\u0131 genel merkez y\u00f6netim kuruluna tevdi eder. Thamate Kurulunun emrinde \u00f6zel bir katip bulunur. Genel Merkez Y\u00f6netim Kurulu, Thamate Kurulu\u2019nun nezareti alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Derne\u011fin sorumlu katibi Y\u00f6netim Kuruluna dahildir. Y\u00f6netim Kurulu b\u00fct\u00e7e, e\u011fitim, hukuk, sa\u011fl\u0131k, istatistik gibi i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlara b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bu kurula dernek \u00fcyelerinden yard\u0131mc\u0131 ve fahri olarak devaml\u0131 \u00fcyeler al\u0131nabilir. Thamate Kurulundan baz\u0131lar\u0131 m\u00fcteehassi bulundu\u011fu bu k\u0131s\u0131mlardan birisine ayr\u0131ca ba\u015fkanl\u0131k edebilir. \u0130kinci derece merkezler ve \u015fubeler y\u00f6netim kurullar\u0131 da genel olarak Genel Merkez Y\u00f6netim Kurulu gibi g\u00f6revlerle me\u015fgul olmak \u00fczere \u00fcyeleri aras\u0131ndan g\u00f6revleri payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Y\u00f6netim Kurulu, kararlar\u0131ndan infaz ve icras\u0131n\u0131 kendi yetkisi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini usulen Thaate Kurulunun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve onay\u0131na arzeder. \u0130ki kurul aras\u0131nda anla\u015fmazl\u0131k do\u011fdu\u011funda her iki kurulun genel eclis halinde toplanmas\u0131yla ve oy \u00e7oklu\u011fu ile kararlar al\u0131n\u0131r. Thamate ve Y\u00f6netim Kurullar\u0131 her y\u0131l toplanacak olan genel Kongreye kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fc\u015ftereken sorumludurlar.<\/p>\n Madde 9- Kurullarda genel g\u00f6revin cereyan tarz\u0131 hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131ca bir i\u00e7 t\u00fcz\u00fck tanzim olunacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Madde 10- \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n cereyan tarz\u0131: Genel Merkez ile \u0130kinci Derece Merkezler ve \u015eubelerin y\u00f6netim kurullar\u0131 daima faaliyet halinde bulunacaklard\u0131r. Her toplant\u0131da bir ba\u015fkan atanacak ve b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler kay\u0131t ve zaptolunacakt\u0131r. Thamate Kurulu hi\u00e7 olmazsa haftada bir defa toplan\u0131r. Her bir \u015fubenin y\u00f6netim kurulu, Genel Kongrenin toplanmas\u0131ndan \u00fc\u00e7 ay \u00f6nce bir y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na, gelirleri ve harcamalar\u0131na, gelecek y\u0131l hakk\u0131ndaki isteklerine ve \u015fubenin genel durumuna dair ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir raporu Genel Merkeze verecektir. Genel Merkez de Derne\u011fin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcne dair ayn\u0131 tarzdaki ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 raporunu Genel Kongreye arz etmeye mecburdur. Genel Kongre (Zeu\u00e7\u2019e) her y\u0131l Te\u015frinievvel ay\u0131n\u0131n onbe\u015finde toplan\u0131r. Bu toplanma bir ay kadar devam eder. Kongreyi usulen Thamate Kurulu a\u00e7ar. \u0130lk toplant\u0131da kongre \u00fcyelerinin belgeleri incelendikten ve toplant\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli \u00fcyenin mevcut bulundu\u011fu belirlendikten sonra Thamate ve eski Merkez Genel Y\u00f6netim Kurullar\u0131 \u00fcyeleri de dahil oldu\u011fu halde genel bir meclis halini al\u0131r. Bu toplant\u0131ya kat\u0131lanlar aras\u0131nda gizli oy usul\u00fcyle bir ba\u015fkan, bir ba\u015fkan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00fc\u00e7 katip se\u00e7ildikten sonra di\u011ferleri muhtelif inceleme ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma enc\u00fcmenlerine ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n 1- Ge\u00e7en y\u0131lki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00f6nemine ait b\u00fct\u00e7e,<\/p>\n 2- Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 incelenir.<\/p>\n 3- Gelecek y\u0131la ait i\u015fler.<\/p>\n 4- Gelecek y\u0131la ait b\u00fct\u00e7e kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n 5- Gelecek y\u0131la ait Genel Merkez Y\u00f6netim Kurulu se\u00e7ilir.<\/p>\n 6- Dernek t\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hakk\u0131nda gerekiyorsa incelemede bulunulur. (T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi ve yeniden ekler yap\u0131lmas\u0131, kongre \u00fcyeleri taraf\u0131ndan gelecek teklif \u00fczerine Kongre \u00fcyelerinin \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmek \u015fart\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131r).<\/p>\n 7- Kongre, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerine ait ve o y\u0131la mahsus bir bro\u015f\u00fcr haz\u0131rlayarak yay\u0131nlar.<\/p>\n Madde 11- \u0130\u015fbu t\u00fcz\u00fck ilk te\u015fekk\u00fcl edecek Genel Kongrede (Zeu\u00e7) incelenmek ve onaylanmak \u00fczere ge\u00e7ici olarak yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n (Sadele\u015ftirilmi\u015f metin i\u00e7in bkz: Sefer E. Berzeg \u2013 \u201c\u015eimali Kafkas Cemiyeti Nizamnamesi\u2019 Hakk\u0131nda Baz\u0131 Notlar ve \u015eimali Kafkas Cemiyeti\u201d, Kafkasya Ger\u00e7e\u011fi, Samsun, 1991,No:3, s:30-32)<\/p>\n EK-II<\/p>\n \u015e\u0130MAL\u0130 KAFKAS CEM\u0130YET\u0130\u2019N\u0130N \u015eUBELER\u0130NE A\u0130T TAL\u0130MAT<\/p>\n Madde 1- B\u00fct\u00fcn \u015eimali Kafkasyal\u0131lar bir b\u00fcy\u00fck aile ve bir millet ad\u0131 ile kabul edilecek ve bir ay\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n her ferdi aras\u0131nda birlik, dayan\u0131\u015fma ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 h\u00fcrmet ge\u00e7erli olacakt\u0131r. T\u00fcm \u015fubeler, belirtilen bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi a\u00e7\u0131klayarak destekleyeceklerdir.<\/p>\n Madde 2- \u00c7erkes k\u0131yafeti ve adetleri fertler taraf\u0131ndan eksiksiz halde muhafaza ve takviye edilecektir.<\/p>\n Madde 3- Her bir \u015fube, m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131nda oturan Kafkasyal\u0131lar\u0131n n\u00fcfusu hakk\u0131nda \u00f6rne\u011fi mektup i\u00e7ine konulmu\u015f \u015fekilde, her sene bir istatistik cetveli tutacak ve bunun bir suretini d\u00fczenli \u015fekilde genel merkeze g\u00f6nderecektir.<\/p>\n Madde 4- B\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7ocuklar (k\u0131z ve erkek) i\u00e7in ilk \u00f6\u011frenim mecburi olacak, fakir ailelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na \u015fube ve cemaat taraf\u0131ndan \u00fccretsiz \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rd\u00fcr\u00fclecek, giyim ve yeme i\u00e7me masraflar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lanacakt\u0131r. Bu maksatla, \u00f6nemli her bir k\u00f6yde veya birbirine yak\u0131n iki \u2013 \u00fc\u00e7 k\u00f6y nam\u0131na milli ilkokullar a\u00e7\u0131lacak, ilk\u00f6\u011fretim milli \u00f6\u011fretmenler ve vas\u0131talar ile yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. (\u0130lkokul program\u0131 projesi mektup i\u00e7inde bulunmaktad\u0131r). [Olu\u015fturulacak] milli okullarda e\u011fitimin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabilmesi i\u00e7in her \u015fubenin merkezinde bir \u00f6\u011fretmenokulu kurulmas\u0131 ve buraya, \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapabilecek ki\u015filerin 3\u2019er ay devam etmelerinin sa\u011fland\u0131ktan sonra, ellerine birer vesikan\u0131n verilmesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecektir.<\/p>\n Madde 5- Senelik hasat sonras\u0131nda, her k\u00f6y\u00fcn elde edece\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ve di\u011fer kazan\u00e7lar\u0131n zek\u00e2t\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcmete resmen verece\u011fi a\u015far vergisinden ba\u015fka, k\u00f6y cemaati taraf\u0131ndan, bir yerde toplanarak korunacakt\u0131r. Zek\u00e2t\u0131n 1\/5\u2019i \u0130stanbul\u2019da genel merkezin ve di\u011fer 1\/5\u2019i k\u00f6y\u00fcn ba\u011fl\u0131 bulundu\u011fu \u015fubenin idare heyetinin ve 3\/5\u2019i de o k\u00f6y\u00fcn okul ve di\u011fer cemaatlerince yap\u0131lacak m\u00fc\u015fterek milli harcamalara tahsis edilecektir. K\u00f6ye ayr\u0131lan 3\/5 oran\u0131ndaki zekat\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Kafkas milletinin genel ihtiyat sermayesi olmak ve gerekti\u011finde Kafkasyal\u0131lar\u0131n hay\u0131rl\u0131 bir ihtiyac\u0131 i\u00e7in genel kurul karar\u0131yla harcanmak \u00fczere korunacakt\u0131r. \u0130\u015f bu ihtiyat sermayesinin (ayn\u00ee ya da para) de\u011ferlendirmeye verilmesi ve milletin genel menfaatleri do\u011frultusunda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in genel merkezden ayr\u0131ca talimat g\u00f6nderilecektir.<\/p>\n Madde 6- (a) Milli n\u00fcfusun artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, hi\u00e7 olmazsa \u015fimdiye kadar gerek muhaceretlerde, gerekse sava\u015flarda u\u011fran\u0131lan kay\u0131plar\u0131n giderilmesi i\u00e7in (b) f\u0131kras\u0131na uygun olarak evliliklerin kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve (c) f\u0131kras\u0131na uygun olarak sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00f6nlemlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmas\u0131 ve (d) f\u0131kras\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tarzda sefalete, fakirli\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 di\u011fer tedbirler kullan\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n (b) Gen\u00e7lerin zorlanmadan aile te\u015fkil ederek, ge\u00e7imlerini temin etmeleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn harcamalar\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca azalt\u0131lacak, g\u00f6nderilen d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn hediyeleri kurulan ailenin desteklenmesi maksad\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bulunacakt\u0131r. Bir taraftan erkeklerin \u00e7ok e\u015fli evliliklerden cayd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yap\u0131l\u0131rken, bekarlar\u0131n da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca \u00e7abuk yuva kurmalar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda faaliyet g\u00f6sterilecektir. Bu hususta \u00f6ncelikle (thamatelere) ya\u015fl\u0131lara \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revler d\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Fakir olanlara yuva kurmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in cemaat taraf\u0131ndan yard\u0131m edilecektir.<\/p>\n (c) B\u00f6lgesindeki milli unsurlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 ile ilgilenmek ve \u00e7e\u015fitli hastal\u0131klarla telef olmalar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak her bir \u015fubenin \u00f6nemli vazifeleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu maksatla t\u00fcm \u015fubelerin noksans\u0131z olarak b\u00f6lgelerinde hem\u015fehrilerden bir doktor, bir sa\u011fl\u0131k oca\u011f\u0131 ve bir eczane bulundurulmas\u0131, k\u00f6ylerde h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren her t\u00fcrl\u00fc gizli ya da a\u00e7\u0131k bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar, sosyo \u2013 psikolojik bozukluklar hakk\u0131nda ciddi incelemeler yap\u0131larak, bu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n bula\u015fmas\u0131na ve devam\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 gerekli tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmas\u0131 gereklidir. Bu sa\u011fl\u0131k g\u00f6revlileri ile eczaneler m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca tedricen desteklenecektir. Aile te\u015fkilinde adaylar\u0131n bedenen sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 fevkalade \u00f6nemlidir. Do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n s\u00fctanneye verilmesi usul\u00fc bundan sonra m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca kald\u0131r\u0131lacak, s\u0131hhi y\u00f6nden bir sak\u0131ncas\u0131 bulunmad\u0131k\u00e7a, her annenin kendi \u00e7ocu\u011funu bizzat emzirmesi, kendi aile terbiyesi i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fcp yeti\u015ftirmesi \u00f6n plana al\u0131nacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6lge halk\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k kurallar\u0131na uygun, i\u00e7ilecek sular\u0131n temiz olmas\u0131, k\u00f6yler dahilinde kesinlikle batakl\u0131k bulundurulmamas\u0131, var ise kurutulmas\u0131, bu tarz yerlerde iskandan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmas\u0131, hususi ve umumi tuvaletlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131, alkoll\u00fc i\u00e7kilerin yasaklanmas\u0131, ah\u0131rlar\u0131n evlerden tamam\u0131yla ayr\u0131 ve uzak yerlerde kurulmas\u0131 ve temizli\u011fe son derece \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n (d) Milli unsurlar\u0131 fakirlik ve sefaletten kurtarmak cemiyetin en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6revidir. Her ailenin, di\u011fer bir aileye y\u00fck olmadan, tam tersine kendi ge\u00e7imini temin edebilecek bir g\u00fcce eri\u015ftirilmesi gereklidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla hi\u00e7 bir ferdi (kad\u0131n-erkek) hi\u00e7 bir zaman, k\u0131\u015f ve yaz i\u015fsiz b\u0131rakmamak, devaml\u0131 ve ge\u00e7ici kazanca y\u00f6nelterek te\u015fvik etmek, onlar\u0131 yeterli miktarda araziye ve gelire kavu\u015fturmak gereklidir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015famayacak derecede bulunan aciz ve fakirlere ve hanelerinde erkek olmayan kad\u0131nlara veya b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn fakir ailelere ait arazilerin i\u015flenmesinde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak cemiyetin \u00f6nde gelen vazifelerindendir.<\/p>\n Madde 7- Mevcut sanayiden, bilhassa g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat i\u00e7in gerekli olan (g\u00f6mlek\u00e7ilik, dokuma bez, \u00e7orap, kalpak, ayakkab\u0131, elbiselik, \u00e7uha, yam\u00e7\u0131, kilim, dokuma sanayi, tezilik, demircilik, sara\u00e7l\u0131k, marangozluk, duvarc\u0131l\u0131k, mimarl\u0131k, ta\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k, nalbantl\u0131k, peynircilik) her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ihtiyac\u0131 temin etmek \u00fczere, ard\u0131ndan te\u015fvikte bulunulacak, pahal\u0131 dahi olsa kendi mam\u00fcllerimiz tercihen kullan\u0131lacak ve bu sayede sanayimizin korunmas\u0131 ile geli\u015fmesi sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r. Al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f edilen d\u00fckkanlar\u0131n hem\u015fehrilerimiz taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ve di\u011ferleriyle rekabet edebilmesi i\u00e7in k\u00f6ylerde oturanlar\u0131n bu d\u00fckkanlardan ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamalar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n Madde 8- Milli sermayelerle milli \u015firketler v\u00fccuda getirilecek ve bu \u015firketlere halk\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 te\u015fvik ve temin edilecektir.<\/p>\n Madde 9- Irk\u0131n safl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma ve \u00c7erkes aile hayat\u0131n\u0131 daha \u00e7ok m\u00fcreffeh k\u0131lmak pek \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fundan, \u00c7erkes gen\u00e7lerinin \u00c7erkes k\u0131zlar\u0131 ile evlenmelerini sa\u011flamak ve \u00c7erkes k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n Kafkasyal\u0131 olmayan unsurlarla, \u00f6zellikle sadece servete tamah edilerek asl\u0131 ve soyu belli olmayan ve hatta soylulu\u011funu yitirmi\u015f \u015fah\u0131slara verilmesi menedilecektir. Yine \u00c7erkes aile hayat\u0131nda e\u015fleri s\u0131k\u0131 kay\u0131tlar alt\u0131nda tutan ve [\u00f6zellikle]gelinlik hayat\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok zorla\u015ft\u0131ran eski adetler kald\u0131r\u0131larak, herkes i\u00e7in rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve mutlulu\u011fu sa\u011flayacak surette, [ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z]as\u0131ra uygun olarak geli\u015ftirilecektir.<\/p>\n Madde 10- \u015eubelerin y\u00f6netim kurullar\u0131 esas itibar\u0131yla, milletin ilim, fen ve \u00e7a\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi vas\u0131talarla ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131nda g\u00f6rev alacak elemanlar\u0131n se\u00e7iminde ve g\u00f6revlendirilmesinde aile \u015f\u00f6hreti ve asaletten ziyade, tahsili, mevkii ve i\u015f durumu g\u00f6z\u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nacak; cemiyetin merkezinde olabildi\u011fince her Kafkasyal\u0131 unsuru temsil eden fertler yeralacakt\u0131r. Y\u00f6netim kurulu icraat\u0131nda herhangi bir unsura \u00f6ncelik vermeyecek, faaliyetlerini b\u00fct\u00fcn unsurlara e\u015fit olarak y\u00f6neltecektir. Her k\u00f6y\u00fcn \u00f6\u011fretmesi, [\u00f6\u011fretmeni yoksa imam\u0131], ve o k\u00f6y\u00fcn Thamatesi k\u00f6y\u00fcn ba\u011fl\u0131 bulundu\u011fu \u015fubenin fahri temsilcisidir.<\/p>\n Madde 11- Her \u015fubenin idare merkezlerinde, ayr\u0131ca t\u00fcm milli okullarda birer k\u00fct\u00fcphane meydana getirilecek ve cemiyetin nizamnamesine g\u00f6re halka y\u00f6nelik gazete, risale vs. yay\u0131nlay\u0131p bildirilecektir.<\/p>\n Madde 12- Her \u015fube bir senelik faaliyeti sonras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da yap\u0131lacak genel kongreye, 10 te\u015frin tarihinde merkezde bulunacak \u015fekilde bir temsilci g\u00f6nderecek ve bu temsilci a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki maddeler dahil, raporunu cemiyetin genel merkezine teslim edecektir.<\/p>\n 1: 3. madde gere\u011fince n\u00fcfus istatistiki.<\/p>\n 2: 4. madde gere\u011fince okul say\u0131s\u0131, yeri, devam eden \u00f6\u011frenci (k\u0131z-erkek) miktar\u0131. K\u00f6yde tahsil \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda bulunan 7-15 ya\u015f aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuk (k\u0131z-erkek) say\u0131s\u0131.<\/p>\n 3: \u015eube m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131nda 1 sene i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen evlilik, bo\u015fanma, do\u011fum ve \u00f6l\u00fcm rakamlar\u0131.<\/p>\n 4: Milli k\u0131yafetin yayg\u0131nl\u0131k derecesi.<\/p>\n 5: Y\u00f6netim kurulunun senelik ger\u00e7ek geliri, genel giderleri (\u00f6\u011fretmen, doktor, vs\u2026); gelecek y\u0131lda ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilecek muhtemel harcamalar, muhtemel gelirler, yani b\u00fct\u00e7e; her bir k\u00f6yde zekatlardan meydana gelen genel sermaye miktar\u0131.<\/p>\n 6: \u015eube m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131nda nakil ve g\u00f6\u00e7lerle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler (milli n\u00fcfusun ve ailelerin ne kadar\u0131 b\u00f6lge d\u0131\u015f\u0131na ya da b\u00f6lgeye naklolmu\u015ftur).<\/p>\n 7: Milli sanayiinin ve ticaretin geli\u015fme d\u00fczeyi (B\u00f6lgede ne gibi sanayi ve ticaret u\u011fra\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Tar\u0131m\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, tohumlar\u0131n ve tarlalar\u0131n \u0131slah\u0131 ve z\u0131rai aletlerin yayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131).<\/p>\n 8: \u015eube m\u0131nt\u0131kas\u0131nda halk\u0131n genel sa\u011fl\u0131k durumu. (Sadele\u015ftirilmi\u015f metin i\u00e7in bkz: Berat Bir \u2013 \u201c\u015eimali Kafkas Cemiyeti\u2019 ve \u015eubelerine G\u00f6nderdi\u011fi 1919 Tarihli Bir Talimatname\u201d, Kuzey Kafkasya K\u00fclt\u00fcr Dergisi, \u0130stanbul, 1988,No:68-70, s:14.)<\/p>\n <\/p>\n D\u0130PNOTLAR<\/p>\n 1- Bu mobilite ile ilgili olarak bkz: Barasbi Baytugan, \u201c1858-1865 Y\u0131llar\u0131nda Kuzey Kafkasyal\u0131lar\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye G\u00f6\u00e7leri\u201d, Birle\u015fik Kafkasya, \u0130stanbul, 1964, S:1; Bedri Habi\u00e7o\u011flu, Kafkasya\u2019dan Anadolu\u2019ya G\u00f6\u00e7ler, Nart Yay., \u0130stanbul, 1993; Cahit Tutum \/ Marc Pinson \/ Kemal H. Karpat, \u00c7erkeslerin S\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc (21 May\u0131s 1864), Kafda\u011f\u0131 Yay., Ankara, 1993; Abdullah Saydam \u2013 K\u0131r\u0131m ve Kafkas G\u00f6\u00e7leri (1856-1876), TTK Yay., Ankara, 1997.<\/p>\n 2- S\u00fcleyman Seyfi \u00d6\u011f\u00fcn, Modernle\u015fme, Milliyet\u00e7ilik ve T\u00fcrkiye, Ba\u011flam Yay., \u0130stanbul, 1995, s:80.<\/p>\n 3- \u00c7\u0130TC\u2019nin talimatnamesi ve 1908 tarihli beyannamesi i\u00e7in bkz: Sefer E. Berzeg, Gurbetteki Kafkasya\u2019dan Belgeler, Ankara, 1985, s: 10-23.<\/p>\n 4- II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019in hemen sonras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 siyasal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel alan\u0131nda boy g\u00f6steren bir \u00e7ok cemiyete ili\u015fkin ilk yasal d\u00fczenleme 1909 A\u011fustosunda yap\u0131ld\u0131. Kurulu\u015f bildirme esas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren 16 A\u011fustos 1909\u2019da Cemiyetler Kanunu kabul edilerek 23 A\u011fustos 1909\u2019da \u201cTakvim-i Vekayi\u201dde (No:310) ne\u015fredildi. (Ali Birinci, H\u00fcrriyet ve \u0130tilaf F\u0131rkas\u0131, Dergah Yay., \u0130stanbul, 1990, s:24).<\/p>\n 5- Ali Birinci, a.g.e, s:25<\/p>\n 6- Bu \u00f6\u011frencilerden biri olan Zahid \u015eamil, \u0130mam \u015eamil\u2019in Rus Ordusunda t\u00fcmgeneralli\u011fe kadar y\u00fckselen o\u011flu Muhammed \u015eefi\u2019nin tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir Tatar ailesinin k\u0131z\u0131yla evlili\u011finden d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015f, \u201cMekteb-i Sultani\u201dde \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rerek Rusya\u2019ya d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Kazan\u2019\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f hocalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda zikredilen Zahid \u015eamil, \u00fcnl\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce adam\u0131 Yusuf Ak\u00e7ura\u2019ya Frans\u0131zca dersler verdi. 1905\u2019te Rusya m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n ilk siyasal partisi \u201c\u0130ttifak-\u0131 M\u00fcslimin\u201d saflar\u0131nda bulundu. Petersburg\u2019da \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 Bas\u0131n B\u00fcrosu\u2019nun M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yaparken m\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplulu\u011fun dayan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ile u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131. Mart 1917\u2019de olu\u015fturulan \u201cRusya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 Ge\u00e7ici Merkezi\u201dnin organize etti\u011fi \u201cI.Rusya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 Kongresi\u201dnin (Moskova \/ 1-11 May\u0131s 1917) haz\u0131rl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na i\u015ftirak etti ve \u201cMilli Merkez \u015eura\u201dya \u201c\u0130dil Boyu ve Sibirya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131\u201d listesinden \u201cPetrograd\u201d temsilcisi olarak se\u00e7ildi. Kornilov darbesinin engellenmesinde Ahmet Tsal\u0131kkat\u0131 ve Aytek Namitok\u2019la birlikte rol oynad\u0131. B.M.M.\u2019nin ilk D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Bekir Sami (Kundukh) Bey\u2019le arkada\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, Moskova\u2019ya giden T\u00fcrk delegasyonuna yard\u0131m etti. 1924\u2019ten sonra izine rastlan\u0131lmamas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. (Hakk\u0131ndaki k\u0131smi bilgiler i\u00e7in bkz: Lesley Blanch \u2013 Cennetin K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131, (\u00e7ev: \u0130zzet Kantemir), \u0130stanbul, 1978, s:423; Yusuf Kemal Tengir\u015fek \u2013 Vatan Hizmetinde, K\u00fclt\u00fcr Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yay., Ankara, 1981, s:149; Aytek Namitok \u2013 \u201cRus \u0130htilalinin \u00c7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yollarda Kuzey Kafkasya F\u0131rkas\u0131\u201d, Yeni Kafkas, \u0130stanbul, 1958, No:12, s:3; M\u00fccellido\u011flu Ali \u00c7ankaya \u2013 Yeni M\u00fclkiye Tarihi ve M\u00fclkiyeliler, Ankara, 1969, C:III, s:1089)<\/p>\n 7- Tunuslu Hayreddin Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n o\u011flu. \u00c7\u0130TC \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na da kat\u0131ld\u0131, yay\u0131n organ\u0131 \u201c\u011euaze\u201dde yaz\u0131lar\u0131 yay\u0131mland\u0131. Aral\u0131k 1911 \u0130stanbul ara se\u00e7imlerini kazanm\u0131\u015f; Mahmud \u015eevket Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi sonras\u0131nda \u0130ttihad\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n muhalefete kar\u015f\u0131 giri\u015ftikleri sindirme eylemlerinde \u00fclkeyi terketmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n 8- Feroz Ahmad, Aziz el M\u0131sri\u2019yi \u201cOsmanl\u0131 ordusunun Arap subaylar\u0131ndan\u201d ve \u201cArap as\u0131ll\u0131 asker, siyaset adam\u0131\u201d olarak tan\u0131tmaktaysa da bu do\u011fru de\u011fildir. M\u0131sri etnik bak\u0131mdan, Kuzey Kafkasya g\u00f6\u00e7meni \u201c\u015ehapl\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 bir Wub\u0131h \/ \u00c7erkes ailesine mensuptur. Bununla birlikte, \u201cArap milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fine\u201d entegre olmu\u015f, ya\u015fam\u0131 ve faaliyetleri incelenmeye de\u011fer bir ki\u015filiktir. Benzer \u015fekilde, Osmanl\u0131 asker \/ b\u00fcrokrat tabakas\u0131na mensup Mahmut \u015eevket Pa\u015fa da, \u00c7e\u00e7en k\u00f6kenli olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen kendini \u201cArap\u201d saymaktayd\u0131. (Bkz: Feroz Ahmad \u2013 \u0130ttihat ve Terakki 1908-1914, (\u00e7ev: Nuran Yavuz), Kaynak Yay., \u0130stanbul, 1995, (4.B), s:171 ve 213; Mahmut \u015eevket Pa\u015fa \u2013 Mahmut \u015eevket Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n G\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Arba Yay, \u0130stanbul, 1988, s:23-25 ve 29).<\/p>\n 9- 17 Nisan 1909\u2019da t\u00fczel ki\u015filerin kat\u0131lm\u0131yla faaliyete ge\u00e7mesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen, ancak \u201cAhrar F\u0131rkas\u0131\u201dn\u0131n kapanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u201c\u00f6l\u00fc do\u011fan\u201d bu yap\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz: Tar\u0131k Zafer Tunaya \u2013 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Siyasi Partiler 1859-1952, Arba Yay., \u0130stanbul, 1995, s:275-276<\/p>\n 10- M\u00fc\u015fir Fuad Pa\u015fa (1835-1931) = M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da do\u011fdu. \u0130lk ve orta tahsilini \u0130stanbul\u2019da yapt\u0131. Babas\u0131 \u0130ncirk\u00f6yl\u00fc Hasan Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019a g\u00f6nderilmesi \u00fczerine \u201cAbbasiye Mektebi\u201dne kaydoldu, s\u00fcvari zabiti olarak mezun oldu. 1869\u2019da \u0130stanbul\u2019a geldi, Dar\u2019\u0131 \u015eura\u2019y-\u0131 Askeriye\u2019ye memur tayin edildi. 1872\u2019de Liva (general) r\u00fctbesi ald\u0131. 1877-1878 Osmanl\u0131-Rus sava\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131lar kazand\u0131, \u201cElena kahraman\u0131\u201d olarak tan\u0131nd\u0131. Devlet idaresine ve idarecilerine y\u00f6neltti\u011fi sert tenkitlerden dolay\u0131 r\u00fctbeleri s\u00f6k\u00fclerek \u015eam\u2019a s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc (1902). 1908\u2019de Me\u015frutiyetin ilan\u0131yla geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc, Ayan Azal\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na getirildi. Anadolu hareketini destekledi. 1931\u2019de vefat etti.<\/p>\n 11- Akdes Nimet Kurat \u2013 T\u00fcrkiye ve Rusya, A\u00dcDTCF Yay., Ankara, 1970, s: 500<\/p>\n 12- Muhtemelen Eyl\u00fcl 1915\u2019te \u0130ttihat ve Terakki h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin deste\u011fiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flayan \u201cKafkasya Komitesi\u201d Aral\u0131k 1915\u2019te bat\u0131 \u00fclkeleri nezdinde giri\u015fimlere ba\u015flad\u0131, yine muhtemelen bu komite Haziran 1916\u2019dan \u00f6nce da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131 ve b\u00fcnyesindeki bir grup \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Kuzey Kafkasya Siyasi Muhacirleri Komitesi\u201d \u00fcnvan\u0131yla faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrerek 1916 yaz\u0131nda Lozan\u2019da toplanan \u201cIII. Milliyetler Konferas\u0131na\u201d delegeler yollad\u0131. \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Kuzey Kafkasya Siyasi Muhacirleri Komitesi\u201dnin yay\u0131n\u0131 olarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze \u00fc\u00e7 kitab\u0131n 1918-1919 y\u0131llar\u0131nda bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, komitenin s\u00f6zkonusu d\u00f6nemde de faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermektedir: Aper\u00e7u Historique sur les Ciscaucasiens pendant la Guerre Mondiale, (\u0130stanbul, 1918), Compte-Rendu des Assemblees des Peuples de la Ciscaucasie et de Leurs Travaux Legislatifs, (\u0130stanbul, 1918) ve Bibliographie de la Caucasie-I, (\u0130stanbul, 1919). (Bu organizasyonlara ili\u015fkin olarak bkz: M. Ayd\u0131n Turan \u2013 \u201cKafkasya Komitesi\u2019 ile \u2018T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Kuzey Kafkasya Siyasi G\u00f6\u00e7menleri Komitesi\u2019 \u00dczerine Baz\u0131 Kaynaklar: Gothard Jascke\u2019nin Bir Makalesi\u201d, Tarih ve Toplum, \u0130stanbul, 1997, No:165, s:13-21)<\/p>\n 13- Berat Bir \u2013 \u201c\u015eimali Kafkas Cemiyeti\u2019 ve \u015eubelerine G\u00f6nderdi\u011fi 1919 Tarihli Bir Talimatname\u201d, Kuzey Kafkasya K\u00fclt\u00fcr Dergisi, \u0130stanbul, 1988,No:68-70, s:12-14.<\/p>\n 14- Sefer E. Berzeg \u2013 \u201c\u015eimali Kafkas Cemiyeti Nizamnamesi\u2019 Hakk\u0131nda Baz\u0131 Notlar ve \u015eimali Kafkas Cemiyeti\u201d, Kafkasya Ger\u00e7e\u011fi, Samsun, 1991,No:3, s:28-32<\/p>\n 15- Mustafa Butbay \u2013 Kafkasya Hat\u0131ralar\u0131, (Haz: Ahmed Cevdet Canbulat),TTK Yay., Ankara, 1990. Butbay an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u201c13 y\u0131l sonra\u201d kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmesine ra\u011fmen, kitab\u0131 sadele\u015ftirerek yay\u0131na haz\u0131rlayan Canbulat, sunu\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131nda dikkatsiz bir \u015fekilde, bu notlar\u0131n \u201c66 y\u0131l gizli kald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan\u201d bahsetmektedir. \u00dcstelik Canbulat, kitapta yer alan bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, yazar\u0131n \u201cMistenbay\u201d takma ad\u0131yla 1937\u2019de yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan da habersiz g\u00f6z\u00fckmektedir. (Bkz: Mistenbay \u2013 \u201cAnd\u201d, Kafda\u011f\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1937, s:61 vd)<\/p>\n 17- \u201cDo\u011fum yerim Eski\u015fehir\u2019in A\u011fap\u0131nar K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019d\u00fcr. Bug\u00fcn Eski\u015fehir\u2019den Ankara\u2019ya giderken ilk istasyondur. \u00c7ocukluk ve yar\u0131 gen\u00e7lik ya\u015fam\u0131n kah Eski\u015fehir\u2019de kah A\u011fap\u0131nar\u2019da ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. (\u2026) \u201c\u0130\u015fte Plevne\u2019den gelip yerle\u015fti\u011fimiz k\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn durumu\u2026\u201d (Mustafa Butbay \u2013 a.g.e., s: 112-113)<\/p>\n 18- G\u00fcsar\u2019\u0131n notlar\u0131nda Butbay\u2019\u0131n do\u011fum yeri \u201cAdapazar\u0131\u201d g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ilkokulu da Adapazar\u0131\u2019nda okudu\u011fu belirtilmektedir. Onun \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ili\u015fkin olarak da aynen \u015fu ifade bulunmaktad\u0131r: \u201c1946\u2019da akrabas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in gitti\u011fi Erzurum\u2019da ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi apandist sebebiyle u\u00e7ak ile \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirilmi\u015f ise de yap\u0131lan ameliyattan kurtulamayarak vefat etti. Ferik\u00f6y mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u201d. G\u00fcsar\u2019\u0131n kayd\u0131 \u00fczerine ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z mezar bulma giri\u015fimi, parselasyonlardaki problemler dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sonu\u00e7suz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n 19- Bu risalenin yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir kay\u0131t da \u201cAper\u00e7u Historique sur les Ciscaucasiens pendant la Guerre Mondiale\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n arka kapa\u011f\u0131nda mevcuttur. Yeni harflerle sadele\u015ftirilmi\u015f metin, Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemi Kuzey Kafkasya yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndan \u201cKafkas Dergisi\u201dnin 3-9 numaral\u0131 say\u0131lar\u0131nda seri olarak ne\u015fredilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n 20- Ya\u015fam\u0131 ve faaliyetleri ile ilgili olarak bkz: Orhan T\u00fcrkdo\u011fan \u2013 \u201cH\u00fcseyin Tosun: Bir \u0130htilalcinin Profili\u201d, T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, 1987, No: 46; H. Zafer Kars \u2013 Belgelerle 1908 Devrimi \u00d6ncesinde Anadolu, Kaynak Yay., \u0130stanbul, 1984, Ahmet Bedevi Kuran \u2013 \u0130nk\u0131lap Tarihimiz ve J\u00f6nt\u00fcrkler, \u0130stanbul, 1945; Ahmet Bedevi Kuran-Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda ve T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde \u0130nk\u0131lap Hareketleri, \u0130stanbul, 1959; Sefer E. Berzeg \u2013 Kafkas Diasporas\u0131nda Edebiyat\u00e7\u0131lar ve Yazarlar S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Samsun, 1995.<\/p>\n 21- Mehmed Re\u015fid (1873-1919) = Kafkasya do\u011fumlu doktor ve siyaset adam\u0131. Ailesi 1874\u2019de Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na yerle\u015fti. Be\u015fikta\u015f Askeri R\u00fc\u015fdiyesi, Kuleli Askeri \u0130dadisi ve Askeri T\u0131bbiye\u2019de \u00f6\u011frenimini tamamlad\u0131. \u201cOsmanl\u0131 \u0130ttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti\u201dnin kurucular\u0131ndand\u0131 (1889). Doktor y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 r\u00fctbesiyle orduya kat\u0131ld\u0131. 1897\u2019de siyasal nedenlerle tutuklanarak on y\u0131l Trablus\u2019ta s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131. \u201c\u00c7erkes L\u00e2li\u201d, \u201cCevr\u00ee\u201d, \u201c\u015eahingirey\u201d mahlaslar\u0131yla yaz\u0131lar yazd\u0131. 1908\u2019de askerlikten istifa ederek 1917\u2019ye kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerde kaymakaml\u0131k, mutasarr\u0131fl\u0131k ve valilik yapt\u0131. M\u00fctareke d\u00f6neminde Ermeni techiri ve katliam\u0131n\u0131n sorumlular\u0131ndan say\u0131larak tutukland\u0131. Bekira\u011fa B\u00f6l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019nden 25 Ocak 1919\u2019da ka\u00e7t\u0131 ve 6 \u015eubat 1919\u2019da intihar etti. (Bkz: Sefer E. Berzeg \u2013 Kafkas Diasporas\u0131nda\u2026, s:223-224).<\/p>\n 22- Bekir Sami Kundukh (1865-1933) = Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019da do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 devletinin hizmetine giren General Musa Kundukhov idi. \u00d6\u011frenimini \u0130stanbul ve Paris\u2019te tamamlad\u0131. \u00c7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerde konsolosluk yapt\u0131. Amasya Mutasarr\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Van, Trabzon, Bursa, Beyrut ve Halep valiliklerinde bulundu. \u201cMilli Ahrar F\u0131rkas\u0131\u201dn\u0131n (kur: 4 May\u0131s 1919) y\u00f6netiminde yer ald\u0131. Anadolu hareketine aktif olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u201cHeyet-i Temsiliye\u201dye se\u00e7ildi. BMM\u2019nin ilk D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 oldu (1920). Sovyet Rusya ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde bulunmak \u00fczere Moskova\u2019ya giden heyete ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yapt\u0131. Londra Konferans\u0131\u2019na (12 \u015eubat-12 Mart 1921) kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130mzalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fmalar\u0131n BMM taraf\u0131ndan onaylanmamas\u0131 \u00fczerine 8 May\u0131s 1921\u2019de D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan istifa etti. TBMM\u2019nin ikinci d\u00f6neminde Tokat milletvekili se\u00e7ildi, Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurulu\u015funa i\u015ftirak etti. 1926\u2019da Mustafa Kemal\u2019e suikast giri\u015fimine kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle tutuklanarak \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi\u2019nde yarg\u0131land\u0131. Beraati sonras\u0131nda siyaset sahnesinden \u00e7ekildi.<\/p>\n 23- \u0130smail Canbulat (1880-1926) = \u0130stanbul\u2019da do\u011fdu. Harbokulu\u2019nu bitirerek (1889) Manast\u0131r ve Selanik\u2019te g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131. \u201cOsmanl\u0131 H\u00fcrriyet Cemiyeti\u201dnin kurucular\u0131ndand\u0131. 1908\u2019de Harbokulu\u2019nda tarih \u00f6\u011fretmenli\u011fine ba\u015flad\u0131 ve \u201cRisale-i Askeriye\u201d adl\u0131 dergiyi yay\u0131mlad\u0131. 1909\u2019da askerlikten ayr\u0131ld\u0131, B\u00fcy\u00fckada Kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na atand\u0131. \u0130zmit milletvekili olarak Mebuslar Meclisi\u2019ne kat\u0131ld\u0131 (1912), Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131ndan sonra Emniyet Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (1914), \u0130stanbul Valisi (1915) ve \u0130stanbul \u015eehremini (1916) oldu. 1917\u2019de Stokholm El\u00e7ili\u011fi\u2019ne atand\u0131. 30 Temmuz-30 Eyl\u00fcl 1918 aras\u0131 Dahiliye Naz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131. \u201cTecedd\u00fct F\u0131rkas\u0131\u201d kurucular\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. Malta s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcnden d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde TBMM\u2019nin ikinci d\u00f6nemine \u0130stanbul milletvekili olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131. Terakkiperver Cumhuriyet F\u0131rkas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurulu\u015funa i\u015ftirak etti. 1926\u2019da Mustafa Kemal\u2019e suikast giri\u015fimine kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle tutukland\u0131. \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi\u2019nde yarg\u0131lanarak idama cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 (1926).<\/p>\n 24- Yusuf \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa (1876-1922) = Yozgat (baz\u0131 kaynaklarda Eski\u015fehir ve Bulgaristan) do\u011fumlu asker, yazar ve siyaset adam\u0131. Harbokullu\u2019nu ve Harp Akademisi\u2019ni bitirdi. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir askeri kariyere sahipti. 1915\u2019te Mirliva oldu. I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda 10. Kolordu, 1. Kafkas Kolordusu ve 14. Kolordu Komutanl\u0131klar\u0131 yapt\u0131. 1918 yaz\u0131nda Kuzey Kafkasya Kolordusu Komutan\u0131 oldu. 1919\u2019da tekrar 14. Kolordu Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na atand\u0131. BMM\u2019nin ilk d\u00f6nem toplant\u0131lar\u0131na Bolu Milletvekili olarak i\u015ftirak etti. 5 A\u011fustos-13 Eyl\u00fcl 1921 aras\u0131nda 3. Grup Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131. Sakarya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda cephedeki tek general olan Yusuf \u0130zzet 15 Nisan 1922\u2019de Ankara\u2019da vefat etti. \u201cGuaze\u201d ve \u201cDiyane\u201d dergilerinde yaz\u0131lar\u0131 yay\u0131mland\u0131. Kafkas tarihi ve etnolojisine dair bir \u00e7ok risalesi bas\u0131ld\u0131. (Bkz: \u015eurdum Ali \u2013 \u201cMet \u00c7unatuko \u0130zzet\u201d, Severn\u0131y Kavkaz, Var\u015fova, 1935, No:11-12; Sefer E. Berzeg \u2013 Kafkas Diasporas\u0131nda.., s:180-182).<\/p>\n 25- Aziz Meker (1877-1941) = Kafkasya do\u011fumlu bilim adam\u0131, diplomat ve yazar. Biberdkuace ve Battalpa\u015finsk (\u00c7erkesk) kasabas\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Ailesi Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na yerle\u015fince (Eski\u015fehir) \u00f6\u011frenimini \u0130stanbul\u2019da s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Fransa\u2019da z\u0131rai bilimler tahsili g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Halkal\u0131 Ziraat Okulu\u2019nda \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapt\u0131 (1907). \u00c7e\u015fitli Kafkas kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. BMM taraf\u0131ndan Sovyet Rusya\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilen el\u00e7ilik heyetinde ba\u015fkatipti. 1923\u2019te Ankara\u2019ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Z\u0131raat Okulunda profes\u00f6rl\u00fck, Ziraat Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde ba\u015fkanl\u0131k, Tar\u0131m Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda m\u00fcste\u015farl\u0131k yapt\u0131. Ad\u0131ge, Abhaz dillerinin yan\u0131s\u0131ra Rus\u00e7a, Frans\u0131zca ve Almanca biliyordu. 21 Mart 1941\u2019de Ankara\u2019da vefat etti.<\/p>\n 26- H\u00fcseyin Kadri (1870-1934) = \u00c7erkes\/Wub\u0131hlar\u0131n \u201c\u015ehapl\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 ailesine mensup siyaset adam\u0131. \u0130ttihad ve Terakki Merkez Komitesi \u00fcyesi. 1912-1914 aras\u0131 Karesi (Bal\u0131kkesir) Mebusu.<\/p>\n 27- Hayriye Melek (Hun\u00e7) (1869-?) = \u00c7\u0130TC, \u015eKC gibi te\u015fekk\u00fcllerde faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi. \u201c\u00c7erkes Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti\u201d (1919-1922) kurucular\u0131ndan ve ayn\u0131 cemiyetin yay\u0131n organ\u0131 \u201cDiyane\u201dnin (1920) ba\u015fyazar\u0131. \u201cMehasin\u201d (1908-1909), \u201cMusavver Kad\u0131n\u201d (1911) gibi dergilerde yaz\u0131 ve \u015fiirleri \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Sultanahmet Mitingi\u2019nin organizat\u00f6rleri aras\u0131nda bulundu. 1919\u2019da Yusuf \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa ile evlendi (ikinci evlili\u011fini Prof. Aytek Namitok ile yapt\u0131 -1931). \u201cZ\u00fchre-i Elem\u201d (\u0130stanbul, 1910) ve \u201cZeynep\u201d (\u0130stanbul, 1926) adl\u0131 iki roman\u0131 yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n 28- Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeye ili\u015fkin bilgi H\u00fcseyin Rauf Bey taraf\u0131ndan Hariciye Vekaleti\u2019ne ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bkz: Akdes Nimet Kurat \u2013 a.g.e., s:483.<\/p>\n 29- Haydar Bammat \u2013 Le Caucase et la Revolution Russe, Paris, 1929, s:39.<\/p>\n 30- Heyetin ziyaret etti\u011fi yerler aras\u0131nda \u201cT\u00fcrk Oca\u011f\u0131\u201d da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Buna ili\u015fkin haber i\u00e7in bkz: \u201cT\u00fcrk Oca\u011f\u0131nda K\u0131r\u0131m, Kafkas ve Azerbaycan Murahhaslar\u0131\u201d, T\u00fcrk Yurdu, \u0130stanbul, 15 A\u011fustos 1334 (1918), Cilt: XIV, No: 11 (161), s: 4336.<\/p>\n 31- Akdes Nimet Kurat \u2013 a.g.e., s:672-674.<\/p>\n 32- Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Kuzey Kafkasya Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, petrol b\u00f6lgelerindeki \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla m\u00fcttefiklerine bile kabul ettirememi\u015fti. Talat Pa\u015fa 6-24 Eyl\u00fcl 1918 aras\u0131nda Almanlarla s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde, Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netiminin \u201cKafkaslarda kuvvetli ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devletin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 kendisi i\u00e7in hayati bir mesele addetti\u011fi\u201dni ve \u201cbu amac\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesinin Kuzey ve g\u00fcney Kafkaslardaki m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n tek bir devlet halinde birle\u015fmeleriyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olaca\u011f\u0131 kanaatini\u201d ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmesine ra\u011fmen, uzla\u015fmaya y\u00f6nelik kayda de\u011fer bir ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011flanamad\u0131. (Akdes Nimet Kurat \u2013 a.g.e., s:519).<\/p>\n 33- Mondros M\u00fctarekesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re \u00e7ekilmesi gereken Osmanl\u0131 kuvvetleri harekat\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, ancak 28 Aral\u0131k 1918\u2019de Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019dan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (Bkz: Ahmet Hazer H\u0131zal \u2013 Kuzey Kafkasya H\u00fcrriyet ve \u0130stiklal M\u00fccadelesi, Orkun Yay., Ankara, 1961, s: 76).<\/p>\n 34- Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019dan \u0130svi\u00e7re Sefiri Fuad Selim\u2019e (22 Ekim 1918) = \u201cHarbin taraf\u0131m\u0131zdan kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 ihtimali pek uzakla\u015ft\u0131. Halbuki, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla Kafkasya\u2019da te\u015fekk\u00fcl eden G\u00fcrc\u00fc, Azerbaycan ve \u015eimali Kafkas h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin tasdikini temin edemedik. Hatta m\u00fcttefiklerimiz bile, yaln\u0131z G\u00fcrc\u00fcleri ve Ruslar\u0131 tan\u0131mak \u015fart\u0131yla kabul etti. Rus bol\u015fevikleri ise hi\u00e7 tan\u0131m\u0131yorlar. O halde tek \u00e7are, bu h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin \u015fimdiden has\u0131mlar\u0131m\u0131zla temasa ge\u00e7erek, kendilerini onlara tan\u0131tmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kal\u0131yor. Vak\u0131a \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019ye bir heyet geliyor. Fakat gecikebilir. Bu halde taraf\u0131n\u0131zdan, bu harpte tarafs\u0131z kalmak, hatta icabederse bol\u015feviklere kar\u015f\u0131 harp etmek \u00fczere, acaba \u0130ngiliz h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Azerbaycan ve \u015eimali Kafkas islam h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin istiklallerini tan\u0131r m\u0131? Ve bu hususta, \u0130ngilizler, Azerbaycan\u2019da ve Kuzey Kafkas\u2019ta bu istiklaller tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, buran\u0131n servet kaynaklar\u0131ndan \u0130ngilizlere tercihan istifade ettirmeyi de kabul ederler. Bu hususta uygun bir vas\u0131ta ile acilen gerekli giri\u015fimde bulunularak, l\u00fctfen s\u00fcratle cevapland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 rica ederim\u201d (Bkz: \u015eevket S\u00fcreyya Aydemir \u2013 Mekadonya\u2019dan Orta Asya\u2019ya Enver Pa\u015fa, Remzi Kitabevi, \u0130stanbul, 1992, (4B), C: III, s:440).<\/p>\n 35- Dr. Mehmed Re\u015fid tutukluluk s\u00fcresince buruk bir ruh haliyle, \u00c7erkes ileri gelenleri hakk\u0131nda sitemk\u00e2r s\u00f6zler kaleme ald\u0131 ve cemiyetlerde \u201cberaber \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, kendisini alk\u0131\u015flayan \u00c7erkesler\u201din (Yusuf \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa, Bekir Sami Kundukh, hatta karde\u015fi gibi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc H\u00fcseyin Tosun\u2019un) al\u00e2kas\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahsetti. (Bkz: Dr. Re\u015fid Bey\u2019in Hat\u0131ralar\u0131, (Haz: Ahmet Mehmetefendio\u011flu), Arba Yay., \u0130stanbul, 1993 (2B), s:96)<\/p>\n 36- \u0130stanbul\u2019un o d\u00f6neme ili\u015fkin panoromas\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz: Bilge Crisis \u2013 \u0130\u015fgal Alt\u0131nda \u0130stanbul, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay., \u0130stanbul, 1993; Clarende Richard Johnsen (Ed.) \u2013 \u0130stanbul 1920, Tarih Vakf\u0131 Yurt Yay., \u0130stanbul, 1996.<\/p>\n 37- Haydar Bammat \u2013 \u201cLehistan ve Polonya\u201d, Kafkas Almana\u011f\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1936, s:27 (Ayn\u0131 yaz\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz: Kavkaz, Paris, 1934, No:8).<\/p>\n 38- \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 Pa\u015fa\u2019dan (Bern) Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019ya (Berlin) telgraf (30 Nisan 1919) = \u201c\u2026 Kafkasya-y\u0131 \u015eimali murahhaslar\u0131 Haydar Bammat ve Aziz Bey\u2019ler d\u00f6rt aydan beri burada bulunup Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri nezdinde te\u015febb\u00fcsat-\u0131 musirrane icra\u2019 ve memleketlerinin hukukunu muhafaza ve m\u00fcdafa\u2019a etmek \u00fczere Paris Konferans\u0131\u2019na kabulleri talep etmekte idiler. M\u00fcracaatlar\u0131 \u015fu son g\u00fcnlere kadar daima teredd\u00fcd ve redde maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde Odesa\u2019n\u0131n s\u00fckutu ve Sivastopol\u2019un sahilinin tahliyesi ba\u015flar ba\u015flamaz kendileri ge\u00e7en hafta telgrafla Paris\u2019e davet edildiler. Bundan anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor ki, Cenubi Rusya\u2019da bulunan ordulardan hi\u00e7 bir muvaffakiyete intizar etmeyen \u0130tilaf devletleri \u015eimali Kafkasya m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131 elde edip Denikin Ordusu ile tevhid-i mesai ettirerek, bunlar\u0131 Bol\u015feviklere kar\u015f\u0131 istihdam arzusundad\u0131rlar.\u201d (Bkz: Masayuki Yamauchi \u2013 Ho\u015fnut Olmam\u0131\u015f Adam Enver Pa\u015fa, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den T\u00fcrkistan\u2019a, Ba\u011flam Yay., \u0130stanbul, 1995, s: 84)<\/p>\n 39- Mustafa Butbay \u2013 a.g.e., s:95.<\/p>\n 40- Bunlar aras\u0131nda, Aziz Bey taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nan \u201cLes Russes en Circassie\u201d (Bern,1919);<\/p>\n Bammat imzal\u0131 \u201cThe Caucasus Problem\u201d (Bern, 1919) ve ayn\u0131 kitab\u0131n Frans\u0131zca bas\u0131m\u0131 olan \u201cLe probl\u00e8me du Caucase\u201d\u0131n (Lozan, 1919) ile k\u00fcnyesinde yazar ad\u0131 verilmeyen, ancak Bammat ve Meker\u2019in birlikte kaleme ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilece\u011fimiz \u201cCircassia and Daghestan\u201d (Lozan, tarihsiz) bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n 41- Bu \u00f6rg\u00fcte ili\u015fkin dikkate de\u011fer bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in bkz: Zafer Toprak-\u201cBol\u015fevik \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar ve \u0130slam Kominterni \u0130slam \u0130htilal Cemiyetleri \u0130ttihad\u0131\u201d, Toplumsal Tarih, \u0130stanbul, 1997, No:43, s:6-13. B\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle \u201cTe\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa\u201d eleman\u0131 olan \u0130lyas Bey, Enver Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan maa\u015fa ba\u011flanan bir ka\u00e7 isim aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Kamil Bey, 1921 Ocak ay\u0131nda kendisine 6.000 mark verildi\u011fini bildirmektedir. (Masayuki Yamauchi \u2013 a.g.e., s:522).<\/p>\n 42- Berzeg, Hatayl\u0131 Faz\u0131l Cankat ve Dr. Vasfi G\u00fcsar ile 1967 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme notlar\u0131na dayanarak bu rakam\u0131 aktarmaktad\u0131r.(Sefer E. Berzeg \u2013 \u201c\u015eimali Kafkas Cemiyeti Nizamnamesi..\u201d, s:32\u2019de (7) nolu dipnot)<\/p>\n 43- S\u00f6zkonusu kurul M\u00fc\u015fir Fuad Pa\u015fa, M\u00fc\u015fir Mehmet Zeki Pa\u015fa (Berzeg), Abuk Ahmet Pa\u015fa, Kazak S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa ve Karzeg S\u00fcleyman Pa\u015fa\u2019dan olu\u015fuyordu. (Bkz: Sefer E. Berzeg \u2013 \u201c\u015eimali Kafkas Cemiyeti Nizamnamesi\u2026.\u201d, s:29)<\/p>\n 44- \u00d6rne\u011fin Butbay 1919 yaz\u0131nda G\u00f6nen ve civar\u0131nda, Kaymakam Tevfik Bey\u2019in yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla \u201c\u015eimali Kafkas Cemiyeti\u201d ad\u0131na bu t\u00fcr faaliyetler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetmektedir. (Bkz: Mustafa Butbay \u2013 a.g.e., s:4)<\/p>\n 45- \u201cT\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ve \u00c7ift\u00e7i Sosyalist F\u0131rkas\u0131\u201d (Arbeiter-und Bauern Partei der T\u00fcrkei), Teveto\u011flu\u2019nun kayd\u0131na g\u00f6re 20 Eyl\u00fcl 1919\u2019da, Tar\u0131k Zafer Tunaya\u2019n\u0131n kayd\u0131na g\u00f6re ise 22 Eyl\u00fcl 1919 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130stanbul\u2019da kuruldu. \u201cBa\u015fkan\u201d olarak Ressam \u0130smail Nam\u0131k, \u201cKatib-i Umumi\u201d olarak da Dr. \u015eefik H\u00fcsn\u00fc belirtilmektedir. (Bkz: Fethi Teveto\u011flu \u2013 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Sosyalist ve Kom\u00fcnist Faaliyetler (1910-1960), Ankara, 1967, s: 82-83 ve Aclan Say\u0131lgan \u2013 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Sol Hareketler 1871-1972, Hareket Yay., \u0130stanbul, 1972 (2B), s:103-104; Tar\u0131k Zafer Tunaya \u2013 a.g.e., s:438<\/p>\n 46- Biyografisi i\u00e7in bkz: Zeynep Rona \u2013 Nam\u0131k \u0130smail, Yap\u0131 Kredi Yay., \u0130stanbul, 1992 ve Sefer E. Berzeg, Kafkas Diasporas\u0131nda.., s:190-192.<\/p>\n 47- H\u00fcseyin \u015eemi T\u00fcmer (1875-1962) = Demirhisar\u2019da do\u011fdu. D\u00e2r\u00fcf\u00fcn\u00fcn\u2019nun \u0130lahiyat ve Hukuk b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden mezun oldu. Fatih Camii Dersi\u00e2ml\u0131\u011f\u0131na atand\u0131. \u00c7e\u015fitli yerlerde \u00f6\u011fretmenlik yapt\u0131. 1930\u2019da Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na ge\u00e7erek G\u00f6nen, Ayval\u0131k, \u0130stanbul ve Akhisar\u2019da ceza hakimli\u011fi yapt\u0131. 1943\u2019de emekli olduktan sonra serbest avukat olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1947-1955 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Fatih Camii, Millet, \u00dcsk\u00fcdar, \u015eemsipa\u015fa, Beyaz\u0131t ve Rag\u0131ppa\u015fa k\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri tasnif komisyonlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a biliyordu. 15 May\u0131s 1962\u2019de vefat etti. (Bkz: Vasfi G\u00fcsar \u2013 \u201c\u00c7erkesler ve Edebiyat (\u00dcnl\u00fc Ulusal \u015eair ve Yazarlar) II\u201d, Kafkasya K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Dergi, Ankara, 1974, No: 46, s:19-20 ve Sefer E. Berzeg \u2013 Kafkas Diasporas\u0131nda.., s:240-241.<\/p>\n 48- Biyografisi i\u00e7in bkz: Sefer E. Berzeg \u2013 Kafkas Diasporas\u0131nda.., s:75.<\/p>\n 49- T\u0131me Hace Yed\u0131qkue Seyin \u2013 Ad\u0131ge Sserf, Matbaa-i Osmaniye, \u0130stanbul, 1335 (1919), (176 sh.); T\u0131me Hace Yed\u0131qkue Seyin \u2013 \u011eesefetx\u0131d, Matbaa-i Osmaniye, \u0130stanbul, 1335 (1919), (96 sh.); Blenav Batuk(o) Harun \u2013 \u00c7erkes Elifbas\u0131-Cerqes Eelf\u0131b, (Matbaa-i Osmaniye, \u0130stanbul, 1335 (1919), (26+22 sh.); Ab\u0131tr M. (Mustafa Butbe)-\u00c7erkes-Abhaz Elifbas\u0131 \u2013 Cerqes Eelf\u0131be Aps\u0131fsele, (Ahmet \u0130hsan ve \u015e\u00fcrekas\u0131 Matbaas\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1335 (1919), (34 sh)<\/p>\n 50- Mustafa Butbay \u2013 a.g.e., s: 2<\/p>\n 51- \u201cKafkasya Hat\u0131ralar\u0131\u201dnda, Mustafa Butbay\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra tutana\u011f\u0131 imzalayan di\u011fer ki\u015fi olarak \u201cH\u00fcseyin \u015eemsi Efendi\u201dden bahsedilmektedir. Canbulat\u2019\u0131n bu ismi hatal\u0131 okudu\u011funu zannetmekteyim. (Bkz: Mustafa Butbay \u2013 a.g.e., s: 3)<\/p>\n 52- Bunlar, sonradan 14. Kolordu Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na atanan Met \u00c7unatuko \u0130zzet\u2019in ya da bilinen ad\u0131yla Yusuf \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan olup 1915-1918 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019da bas\u0131lan \u201cEvrika\u2019lar\u0131m Yani Bulduklar\u0131m \u2013 Kafkas Tarihine Zeyl\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 c\u00fczler (765 adet), H\u00fcseyin Tosun Bey\u2019in kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Kuzey Kafkasya Siyasi Muhacirleri Komitesi\u201d yay\u0131n\u0131 olarak ne\u015fredilen \u201cAper\u00e7u Historique Ciscaucasiens pendent La Guerre Mondaile\u201d (\u0130stanbul, 1918) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitap (99 adet), \u201cCompte \u201cRendu des Assembles des Peoples de la Ciscaucasie et de Leurs Travaux Legislatifs\u201d (\u0130stanbul, 1918) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitap (133 adet), \u201cBibliographie de la Caucasie-I\u201d (\u0130stanbul, 1919) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitap (460 adet), b\u00fcy\u00fck Kafkasya haritas\u0131 (3 adet), k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kafkasya haritas\u0131 (1 adet), k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck hal\u0131 (3 adet), b\u00fcy\u00fck hal\u0131 (2 adet), semaver (1 adet) ve muhtelif miktarda kalem, hokka ve ka\u011f\u0131ttan ibarettir. (D\u00f6k\u00fcm i\u00e7in bkz: Mustafa Butbay \u2013 a.g.e., s: 3).<\/p>\n 53- Gerek \u201cKafkasya Hat\u0131ralar\u0131\u201d yazar\u0131, gerekse kitab\u0131 yay\u0131ma haz\u0131rlayan Canbulat, Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019ya giden kurulun Sivas\u2019taki \u201cMustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n\u201d \u201cizni ve onay\u0131\u201d ile te\u015fkil edildi\u011fini kaydetmektedirler ki, bu husus, misyonun as\u0131l y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7eken \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 (Berkok) ve Aziz (Meker) Beylerin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fte verdikleri raporlar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u00e7eli\u015fki halindedir. 31 Temmuz 1920\u2019de bu isimlerin \u201c\u015eark Cephesi Kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201dna \u00e7ektikleri telgrafta verilen bilginin dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 daha uygundur: \u201c(\u2026) Denikin ile muharebesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u015eimali Kafkasya M\u00fcdafaai Milliye Heyeti\u2019nin g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi murahhaslar\u0131n ricas\u0131 \u00fczerine Harbiye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Cemal ve Fevzi Pa\u015fa Hazerat\u0131n\u0131n ve zat\u0131 devletlerinin muvafakat ve muavenetlerile \u015eimali Kafkas Cemiyeti taraf\u0131ndan \u015eimali Kafkas\u2019a bir heyeti siyasiye ve askeriye g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f idi. Biz de bu heyet meyan\u0131nda idik. \u015eimali Kafkasya\u2019daki mesaimizin esas\u0131 \u015eimali Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n istiklaliyeti H\u00fck\u00fcmeti Osmaniyemizin menafii ile telif etmek idi\u201d. (Bkz: Kaz\u0131m Karabekir, \u0130stiklal Harbimiz, \u0130stanbul, 1960, s:227). Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k baz\u0131 yazarlar \u0131srarla Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n rol\u00fcnden bahsetmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin M.\u00dcnal da, tarih hatas\u0131yla birlikte ayn\u0131 ifadeyi seslendirmektedir: \u201d Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan 1919\u2019da Mustafa Butbay ve \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 Berkok ile birlikte bir heyet halinde g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak Kafkasya\u2019ya g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir\u201d (Bkz: Muhittin \u00dcnal \u2013 Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131nda \u00c7erkeslerin Rol\u00fc, Cem Yay., \u0130stanbul, 1996, s:130).<\/p>\n 54- \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 Berkok (1890-1954) = Kuzey Kafkasya k\u00f6kenli asker, yazar ve siyaset adam\u0131. Uzunyayla\u2019da do\u011fdu. Harp Akademisi\u2019ni bitirdi (1910). I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Irak, \u0130ran ve Kafkas cephelerinde bulundu. 1918\u2019de Kuzey Kafkasya Kolordusu Kurmay Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revine atand\u0131. Aral\u0131k 1918\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019a geldi. 1920\u2019de delegasyona dahil olarak gitti\u011fi Kafkasya\u2019dan d\u00f6nerek Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na i\u015ftirak etti. Harp Tarihi Enc\u00fcmeni Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (1936), Askeri Yarg\u0131tay \u00fcyeli\u011fi (1943) yapt\u0131. 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda tu\u011fgeneral r\u00fctbesindeyken iste\u011fiyle emekli oldu. 1950-1954 d\u00f6neminde Kayseri Milletvekilli\u011fine se\u00e7ildi. 1954\u2019teki se\u00e7imi de kazand\u0131, ancak Meclise kat\u0131lamadan, Londra\u2019da bir ameliyat sonucu \u00f6ld\u00fc. \u00c7e\u015fitli makalelerin yan\u0131s\u0131ra, \u201c340-341 Senesi Harbiye Mektebi Zabitan Kursunda Arazi \u00dczerine Tatbik Edilen Tabiye Meseleleri\u201d, \u201cTabiye-i Esasiye\u201d (4 kitap), \u201cM\u00fc\u015fterek Tabiye, Muhtelif s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n Birlikte Sevk ve \u0130daresi\u201d, \u201cTabiye Meseleleri\u201d, \u201cKurtulu\u015f Yolu\u201d ve \u201cTarihte Kafkasya\u201d adl\u0131 eserleri yay\u0131mland\u0131.<\/p>\n 55- Mustafa Butbay \u2013 a.g.e., s: 7.<\/p>\n 56- Bu para, ressam \u0130smail Nam\u0131k\u2019a zimmetli \u015fekilde ticari i\u015flemlerde kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Kurul \u00fcyelerine 150\u2019\u015fer lira, e\u015flik edecek askerlere de 15\u2019\u015fer lira harc\u0131rah verilecekti.<\/p>\n 57- Delegasyonla giden subaylardan Top\u00e7u \u00dcstte\u011fmen \u0130smail Hakk\u0131 ile Pilot Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Tevfik Bey, Mustafa Suphi\u2019ye kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bunlardan birincisi daha sonra Trabzon a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen grup i\u00e7inde yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n 58- Bilal \u015eim\u015fir \u2013 Malta S\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri, Bilgi Yay., Ankara, 1985.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Aydın Turan Kafkas – Rus savaşlarının bir uzantısı olarak Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda XIX. yüzyılda ortaya çıkan Kuzey Kafkasya diasporası(1) ilk formel yapılanışını II. Meşrutiyet’in hemen sonrasında gerçekleştirdi. Bu, bir “kültürel çoğulcu yapı”yı, “etnisite açısından farklılık taşıyan, ama, müslümanlık ölçütünde birleşen bir kitleyi” ifade eden “Osmanlılık” olgusunda(2), diasporanın önemli bir dönemecini teşkil ediyordu. Kurucu ve üyeleri arasında […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tarih","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23377","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23377"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23377\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23383,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23377\/revisions\/23383"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23377"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23377"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23377"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}