{"id":2357,"date":"2019-02-22T22:19:31","date_gmt":"2019-02-22T22:19:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=2357"},"modified":"2019-02-22T22:19:31","modified_gmt":"2019-02-22T22:19:31","slug":"dudayevi-hatirlamak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/dudayevi-hatirlamak\/","title":{"rendered":"DUDAYEV\u2019\u0130 HATIRLAMAK…"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sezai Babaku\u015f<\/strong>
\n<\/span><\/span>23.04.2011<\/span><\/p>\n

21 Nisan, \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019\u0131n efsanevi lideri Cahar Dudayev\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bundan onbe\u015f y\u0131l \u00f6nce (1996\u2019da), arac\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda telefonla konu\u015furken yeri tespit edilmi\u015f ve bir Rus sava\u015f u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc f\u00fczeyle vurulmu\u015ftu\u2026 Merak ettim, \u00c7e\u00e7enler ve di\u011fer Kafkasyal\u0131lar Dudayev\u2019\u0131 hat\u0131rlay\u0131p an\u0131yor mu diye, 21 Nisan \u00f6ncesi ve sonras\u0131 bir hafta boyunca ula\u015fabildi\u011fim t\u00fcm internet mecralar\u0131na (mail gruplar\u0131, web siteleri, facebook sayfalar\u0131 vs.) bak\u0131nd\u0131m; \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019daki bug\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u00f6netim ve muhalif gruplar da dahil olmak \u00fczere, hem anavatanda hem diyasporada Dudayev\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcyle ilgili \u00e7ok az s\u00f6z, yaz\u0131 ve etkinlik g\u00f6rebildim. Hat\u0131rlayanlar\u0131n, ananlar\u0131n, sahiplenenlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ise ya \u00c7e\u00e7enleri \u2018cihat\u2019\u0131n m\u0131zrak ucu\u2019 olarak g\u00f6ren radikal dinciler ya da \u00c7e\u00e7enleri \u2018T\u00fcrkl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yedek g\u00fcc\u00fc\u2019 olarak g\u00f6ren \u015foven milliyet\u00e7iler\u2026<\/p>\n

E\u011fer 21 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fc Moskova\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan Pravda gazetesi Dudayev\u2019in nas\u0131l \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dair sansasyonel haberi d\u00fcnyaya duyurmasayd\u0131, belki de pek \u00e7o\u011fumuz Dudayev\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc hat\u0131rlamayacakt\u0131k bile\u2026.<\/p>\n

Uydu telefon tuza\u011f\u0131\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

Evet, onbe\u015f y\u0131l aradan sonra, Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nemli gazetelerinden Pravda, Dudayev\u2019in nas\u0131l \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fcnyaya ilan etti. O d\u00f6nem Dudayev\u2019e y\u00f6nelik hava sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda bizzat g\u00f6rev \u00fcstlenmi\u015f olan iki \u00fcst r\u00fctbeli askeri istihbarat subay\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na dayand\u0131r\u0131lan habere g\u00f6re, Ruslar Dudayev\u2019in yerini kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 uydu telefon sistemi sayesinde \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f ve bombalam\u0131\u015f. Haberde, s\u00f6zkonusu uydu telefonun (INMARSAT) Amerikan istihbarat kurulu\u015fu CIA taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye \u00fczerinden, d\u00f6nemin ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Necmettin Erbakan eliyle Dudayev\u2019e g\u00f6nderildi\u011fi belirtiliyor. Dudayev, arac\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda bu telefonla konu\u015furken, CIA bulundu\u011fu yerin kesin koordinatlar\u0131n\u0131 Rusya\u2019ya bildiriyor ve operasyon d\u00fczenleniyor.<\/p>\n

Haber ger\u00e7ekleri mi yans\u0131t\u0131yor yoksa dezenformasyon mudur bilemeyiz ama, inand\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 detaylar i\u00e7eriyor. \u00d6yle ki, Rus hava kuvvetlerine ait SU-25 u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 tam da Dudayev\u2019in arac\u0131na g\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc f\u00fcze g\u00f6ndermi\u015fken, Dudayev\u2019in f\u00fczenin geli\u015fini hissedip havaya bak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir foto\u011fraf yay\u0131nlan\u0131yor. Bu foto\u011fraf, tam da o s\u0131rada \u00c7e\u00e7enistan \u00fczerinde ke\u015fif ucu\u015fu yapmakta olan Amerikan Awacs casus u\u00e7aklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilmi\u015f. Velhas\u0131l\u0131 tam bir Amerikan-Rus ortak oyunu. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye de bir yan rol verilmi\u015f\u2026<\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 telefonu Abhazya\u2019da kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu haberi okurken, Dudayev\u2019in yerinin tespiti i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen INMARSAT marka Amerikan uydu telefon sistemini, 1992-93\u2019deki Abhazya-G\u00fcrcistan sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve sonras\u0131nda bizim de Abhazya\u2019da kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z akl\u0131ma geldi. Ve i\u015fe bak\u0131n ki, telefon sistemi Abhazya\u2019ya geldikten bir s\u00fcre sonra, bir G\u00fcrcistan sava\u015f u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 taa Gudauta\u2019ya gelerek, ilki telefonun kurulu oldu\u011fu ofisimin bulundu\u011fu binan\u0131n 50 metre yak\u0131n\u0131na olmak \u00fczere pe\u015f pe\u015fe bombalar b\u0131rak\u0131p gitmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte Dudayev\u2019le ilgili haberi okuyunca bu olay\u0131 hat\u0131rlad\u0131m. O zaman bu sald\u0131r\u0131y\u0131 telefonla ilintilendirmemi\u015ftik (en az\u0131ndan ben ilintilendirmemi\u015ftim). \u015eimdi de \u00f6yle\u2026 Komplo saplant\u0131s\u0131na kap\u0131lmadan, sadece ilgin\u00e7 buldu\u011fum i\u00e7in olay\u0131 \u00f6zetlemek istiyorum…<\/p>\n

Abhazya\u2019da sava\u015f 14 A\u011fustos 1992\u2019de G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00fcrcistan kuvvetleri k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede G\u00fcrc\u00fc-Abhaz s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan Sohum\u2019a kadar olan b\u00f6lgeyi ve Rusya s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na Gagra\u2019y\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kontrol at\u0131na alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. K\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra Gagra geri al\u0131nd\u0131. Yine de Abhazya\u2019n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnya ile ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131, haberle\u015fme sadece Rusya \u00fczerinden ve son derece g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckle yap\u0131labiliyordu. Bu y\u00fczden bir uydu telefonun iyi olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc. T\u00fcrkiye, Avrupa ve Amerika\u2019daki diyaspora organizasyonlar\u0131m\u0131z elbirli\u011fi ederek, belki de o d\u00f6nemin tek (ya da en iyi) uydu telefon sistemi olan INMARSAT cihaz\u0131n\u0131 ABD\u2019den sat\u0131n alarak, san\u0131r\u0131m \u015eubat ba\u015f\u0131nda (1993) Abhazya\u2019ya g\u00f6nderdiler (getirdiler). L\u00fczumsuz spek\u00fclasyonlara meydan vermemek i\u00e7in bu telefonun Abhazya\u2019ya getirili\u015fiyle ilgili daha fazla bilgi vermeyece\u011fim. Bu sistem genellikle gemilerin kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131, hem telefon hem faks servisi veren, hem sabit hem hareket halinde kullan\u0131labilen bir sistemdi; 20-30 kilo a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6zel \u00e7anak antenli bir g\u00f6vde ve kablolarla g\u00f6vdeye ba\u011fl\u0131 telefon-faks aparat\u0131ndan olu\u015fan bir teknolojiydi.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fal olarak telefon \u00f6ncelikle d\u00f6nemin lideri V. Ardz\u0131nba\u2019n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in getirilmi\u015fti. Ancak Ardz\u0131nba kendi bulundu\u011fu binaya kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 istemedi, bana, \u201csenin oraya kurun, laz\u0131m olunca ben oradan kullan\u0131r\u0131m\u201d dedi. Benim ofisim D\u0131\u015f\u0131\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na tahsis edilen Guaduta Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 binas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst kat\u0131ndayd\u0131. Ana g\u00f6vdeyi arkadaki biti\u015fik bo\u015f binan\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131na, telefon-faks aparat\u0131n\u0131 da masama olmak \u00fczere sistemi kurduk, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yeriyle kesintisiz haberle\u015fmemizi sa\u011flayan m\u00fckemmel bir cihazd\u0131. \u00c7ok i\u015fimize yarad\u0131.<\/p>\n

15-16 Mart 1993\u2019de Abhazya kuvvetleri Sohum\u2019u geri almak \u00fczere b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenledi, ancak ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu; 400’den fazla kay\u0131p verildi, en az o kadar insan\u0131m\u0131z da yaraland\u0131. \u0130\u015fte o s\u0131rada telefon sistemimize \u00e7ok i\u015f d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u00d6zellikle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den gelmi\u015f olan g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerimizin (ki bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yaralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131) aileleriyle haberle\u015fmelerinin bu sayede m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabildi\u011fini belirtmeliyim.<\/p>\n

Gudauta\u2019ya hava sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

San\u0131r\u0131m Nisan\u2019\u0131n ortalar\u0131yd\u0131, Abhazya hen\u00fcz 15-16 Mart ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 atlatamadan Gudauta\u2019ya d\u00fczenlenen s\u00fcrpriz bir hava sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u015fokuyla sars\u0131ld\u0131; G\u00fcrcistan hava kuvvetlerine ait bir u\u00e7ak, \u00f6\u011fle saatlerinde ilkini benim bulundu\u011fum binan\u0131n 50 metre kadar yak\u0131n\u0131na olmak \u00fczere pe\u015f pe\u015fe bombalar b\u0131rak\u0131p gitti. Bu \u015fok edici bir s\u00fcrprizdi. Hemen yak\u0131n\u0131m\u0131zda Ruslar\u0131n Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli hava \u00fcss\u00fc (Bombora) vard\u0131, bizde hava savunma sistemi yoktu ama burnumuzun dibindeki bu \u00fcste Guaduta ve \u00e7evresinde sinek u\u00e7sa yakalayacak kadar geli\u015fmi\u015f radar ve savunma sistemi mevcuttu ve herg\u00fcn hi\u00e7 de\u011filse \u00fc\u00e7-be\u015f kez Rus u\u00e7aklar\u0131 Gudauta \u00fcst\u00fcnde kontrol ve e\u011fitim u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131 yap\u0131yordu. Bu y\u00fczden, Gudauta \u00fczerinde al\u00e7almakta olan u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6renler, nas\u0131lsa Rus u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131d\u0131r diye ilgilenmemi\u015fti bile. U\u00e7ak al\u00e7alm\u0131\u015f al\u00e7alm\u0131\u015f ve bombalar\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Neden sonra sokaktaki \u00fc\u00e7-be\u015f Kala\u015fnikof\u2019lu gen\u00e7ler u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n pe\u015finden nafile at\u0131\u015flar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ya, g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye de\u011fer bir manzarayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

U\u00e7ak sesi kulaklar\u0131m\u0131 y\u0131rtarcas\u0131na artt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve ilk bomban\u0131n bas\u0131nc\u0131yla sendeledi\u011fimde odamda bilgisayar ba\u015f\u0131nda, Ardz\u0131nba\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6zel temsilcisi Socrat Cincolya\u2019n\u0131n yapaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde kullanaca\u011f\u0131 \u0130ngilizce dosyay\u0131 haz\u0131rlamakla me\u015fguld\u00fcm. Sars\u0131ld\u0131m ve arkamdaki pencerenin camlar\u0131 \u00fczerime patlad\u0131. Ondan sonra \u015fiddetli patlamay\u0131 duyabildim. Demek b\u00f6yle oluyormu\u015f. Hemen merdivenlere ko\u015ftum, tekrar geri d\u00f6n\u00fcp bilgisayar\u0131n fi\u015fini \u00e7ektim (sersemli\u011fin titizli\u011fi), soka\u011fa f\u0131rlad\u0131m, herkes gibi ben de ilk bomban\u0131n t\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tarafa ko\u015fturdum. \u0130lerde u\u00e7ak s\u00fcz\u00fclmeye ve bomba b\u0131rakmaya devam ediyordu. Ve Kala\u015fnikof\u2019larla u\u00e7a\u011fa ate\u015f edenlerin \u00e7aresiz \u00e7abalar\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n

200-300 kiloluk klasik-basit bombalarm\u0131\u015f, 6 tane at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, kimi bo\u015f alana d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve koca \u00e7ukurlar a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, kimi binalara isabet etmi\u015f ve yak\u0131p y\u0131km\u0131\u015f. Hat\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m kadar\u0131yla bu hava sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131nda 7 ki\u015fi \u00f6ld\u00fc. Ama, bize verdi\u011fi manevi zarar (moral fatura) \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Korkulu, heyecanl\u0131, tela\u015fl\u0131 bir g\u00fcnd\u00fc. Bomba d\u00fc\u015fen yerleri ke\u015ffetmekle, \u2018nas\u0131l oldu-nas\u0131l olabildi\u2019 m\u00fctealalar\u0131yla, \u2018Ruslar uyuyor muydu\u2019 sorular\u0131yla saatler ge\u00e7irdik. Ofise d\u00f6n\u00fcp telefonun ve bilgisayar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ettim, biraz ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131 toparlad\u0131m, havadar haline o g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7are yoktu. Ertesi sabah k\u0131r\u0131lan pencereyi naylonla kapad\u0131m, binadakilerle durum de\u011ferlendirmesi gevezeli\u011fi yapt\u0131m, \u00f6\u011flen \u00f6lenler i\u00e7in t\u00f6ren yap\u0131ld\u0131. \u00d6fkeliydik, \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nd\u0131k ama y\u0131lmayacakt\u0131k. \u00d6\u011fleden sonra D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Sait Tarkil beraberinde iki Rus r\u00fctbelisiyle geldi, san\u0131r\u0131m askeri istihbarattand\u0131lar ve Bombora\u2019dan gelmi\u015flerdi. Telefonu uzun uzun incelediler, Rus\u00e7a f\u0131s\u0131lda\u015ft\u0131lar, bana antenli ana g\u00f6vdenin daha uzak bir yere konulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6ylediler. \u0130ki y\u00fcz metre kadar ilerde 3-4 katl\u0131 bitmemi\u015f bir beton bina vard\u0131, oran\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdiler. Ertesi g\u00fcn yanlar\u0131nda bir teknisyen, ellerinde tomar tomar kablolarla \u00e7\u0131kageldiler ve birka\u00e7 saatlik bir \u00e7abayla telefonun g\u00f6vdesini tavsiye ettikleri binaya ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131k, kablolar\u0131 gererek odamdaki telefon-faks aparat\u0131na ba\u011flad\u0131k. Nispeten g\u00fcven sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sait\u2019e sordum, ger\u00e7ekten bombalaman\u0131n uydu sistemle ilgisi var m\u0131yd\u0131? G\u00fcl\u00fcmsedi, \u201cbilmiyoruz\u201d dedi, \u201cvarsa da, G\u00fcrc\u00fc pilotlar\u0131n beceriksizli\u011fi seni ve bu binadaki hepimizi kurtard\u0131\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n

Sonraki g\u00fcnlerde, Ruslar\u2019dan (yar\u0131m yamalak da olsa) olas\u0131 yeni hava sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nleyici k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck f\u00fcze sistemi (Stinger muadili) sa\u011fland\u0131, bir batarya da benim telefonun oldu\u011fu binaya (telefona on metre kadar yak\u0131n) kuruldu. Sava\u015f boyunca Gudauta\u2019ya ba\u015fka hava sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 olmad\u0131. Sava\u015f bittikten sonra da uydu telefonu Sohum\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131m, ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k binas\u0131ndaki ofisimde kullanmaya devam ettik.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte b\u00f6yle, Dudayev\u2019i hedef yapan u\u011fursuz INMARSAT\u2019la bizim maceram\u0131z. Ger\u00e7ekten G\u00fcrc\u00fcler bu telefonun sinyalinden mi sald\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fczergah\u0131n\u0131 belirlemi\u015fti, yoksa ilk bomban\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131ma d\u00fc\u015fmesi sadece bir tesad\u00fcf m\u00fcyd\u00fc bilemeyece\u011fiz. Sait\u2019in s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi, \u2018G\u00fcrc\u00fc pilotun beceriksizli\u011fi\u2019 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 kula\u011fa ho\u015f geliyor.<\/p>\n

Dudayev\u2019le tan\u0131\u015fma\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dudayev\u2019i ben 1991\u2019de Abhazya\u2019da, 21 May\u0131s S\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc anma toplant\u0131s\u0131nda tan\u0131d\u0131m. Binlerce insan Sohum\u2019un eski liman\u0131ndaki \u201cMuhaceret An\u0131t\u0131\u201dn\u0131n \u00e7evresinde biraraya gelmi\u015f, ge\u00e7mi\u015fle gelece\u011fi, ac\u0131yla umudu harmanlayan h\u00fcz\u00fcnl\u00fc bir anmaya \u015fahitlik ediyorduk. G\u00fcrcistan-Abhazya gerginli\u011finin t\u0131rmand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ad\u0131m ad\u0131m sava\u015fa gidildi\u011fi g\u00fcnlerdi. O y\u00fczden o y\u0131lk\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn anmas\u0131, t\u00fcm karde\u015f Kafkas halklar\u0131n\u0131n Abhazya\u2019ya destek verdi\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00f6vde g\u00f6sterisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Adige\u2019den Kabartay-Balkar\u2019dan, Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkes\u2019de, \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019dan, Osetya\u2019dan, Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019dan ve Rusya Federasyonu\u2019nun pek\u00e7ok kentinden-b\u00f6lgesinden y\u00fczlerce delege vard\u0131. Konu\u015fmalar \u2018ortak dil\u2019 Rus\u00e7a yap\u0131l\u0131yordu, yan\u0131mda duran Kafkas Halklar\u0131 Konfederasyonu Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Genadi Alamia bana Abazaca \u00f6zetliyordu.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 takiben, o zaman Abhazya Parlamento Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olan Vladislav Ardz\u0131nba\u2019n\u0131n tarihle g\u00fcnceli birle\u015ftiren etkili konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, pe\u015f pe\u015fe 3-4 konu\u015fmac\u0131 daha s\u00f6z alm\u0131\u015f, kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n dikkati ve ilgisi da\u011f\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sonra ortal\u0131k bir duruldu bir dalgaland\u0131, siyah f\u00f6tr \u015fapkas\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7eken karizmatik bir adam \u00e7evik ad\u0131mlarla k\u00fcrs\u00fcye y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc, mikrofona yakla\u015ft\u0131, kararl\u0131 bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla sessizli\u011fe h\u00fckmederek konu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Konu\u015ftuk\u00e7a sertle\u015fti, g\u00f6zleri \u015fim\u015fek, s\u00f6zleri y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m gibi \u00e7akt\u0131. Kalabal\u0131k nefesini tutmu\u015f, g\u0131k\u2019\u0131n\u0131 yutmu\u015ftu sanki. Gena benim \u00e7aresiz bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden gelip konu\u015fma bitene kadar \u00e7eviri yapmad\u0131, di\u011ferleri gibi p\u00fcr dikkat dinledi. Konu\u015fma bitti\u011finde 50-60 ki\u015filik bir gruptan \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n bir alk\u0131\u015f patlad\u0131, kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funda ise d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceli bir sessizlik hakimdi. Neden sonra Gena m\u0131r\u0131ldand\u0131; konu\u015fan\u0131n Cahar Dudayev, konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ise Rusya\u2019ya nefret oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi, \u201cbu nefretin Kafkasya\u2019ya kan ve g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 getirmemesini \u00fcmit edelim\u201d<\/em> diye ekledi.<\/p>\n

Son konu\u015fmac\u0131y\u0131 dinlemek yerine, Gena\u2019dan Dudayev\u2019in kim oldu\u011funu ve konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n detaylar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. \u00d6zetle, Rusya\u2019ya meydan okuyan, \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019a ve b\u00fct\u00fcn Kafkasya\u2019ya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k talep eden bir konu\u015fmayd\u0131. Gena Dudayev\u2019li ilgili de k\u0131sa bilgi verdi. Sovyet Strateji Hava Kuvvetleri T\u00fcmen Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (T\u00fcmgeneral) g\u00f6revinden k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve “\u00c7e\u00e7en Milli Kongresi”nin icra kurulu ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na se\u00e7ildi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Gena\u2019ya g\u00f6re Dudayev, \u00c7e\u00e7enistan halk\u0131n\u0131n kaderine h\u00fckmetmek \u00fczere liderlik basamaklar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zla \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordu\u2026<\/p>\n

Kalabal\u0131k, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yolunda \u00f6lenler an\u0131s\u0131na denize \u00e7i\u00e7ek b\u0131rakmaya y\u00f6neldi\u011finde ben Dudayev\u2019in ate\u015fli konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n neden karamsarl\u0131k yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya \u00e7abal\u0131yordum. Asl\u0131nda durum basitti, G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n Abhazya\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik tehditleri artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, olas\u0131 bir G\u00fcrcistan sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 Abhazya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan yegane g\u00fcvence Rusya Federasyonu ve i\u00e7inde bulunan Kuzey Kafkas halklar\u0131yd\u0131, \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019da ya da Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n herhangi bir b\u00f6lgesinde Rusya\u2019ya ba\u015fkald\u0131rmak Abhazya\u2019y\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 yaln\u0131z b\u0131rakmak demekti. Abhazlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar yol Rusya ile \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmak de\u011fil, tam aksine iyi ge\u00e7inmekti. O y\u00fczden\u00a0 Dudayev\u2019in Rusya\u2019ya meydan okuyan konu\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7ok tezah\u00fcrat toplamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

A\u011f\u0131tlar e\u015fli\u011finde denize \u00e7i\u00e7ek b\u0131rakma seremonisi bitince, Gena\u2019n\u0131n arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Dudayev\u2019le tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131m, tokala\u015ft\u0131k, T\u00fcrkiyeli olu\u015fum ilgisini \u00e7ekmi\u015fti, konu\u015fmas\u0131ndan etkilendi\u011fimi s\u00f6yledim. \u0130\u015fte, 27 Ekim 1991\u2019deki se\u00e7imde oylar\u0131n y\u00fczde 85\u2019ini al\u0131p \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019\u0131n devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilecek olan ve daha sonra Rusya ile sava\u015facak olan Cahar Dudayev\u2019le Sohum\u2019da tan\u0131\u015fmam b\u00f6yle oldu\u2026<\/p>\n

S\u00fcrg\u00fcn bir halk, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn bir hayat\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gena Alamia, Dudayev\u2019in konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n Rusya\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 nefret dolu oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. Nas\u0131l olmas\u0131n ki\u2026 B\u0131rak\u0131n tarihin eski sayfalar\u0131ndaki sava\u015flar\u0131, y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131, ac\u0131lar\u0131\u2026 b\u0131rak\u0131n 1864 yenilgisini, k\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc \u2026daha 1944\u2019de Stalin rejimi \u00c7e\u00e7enleri topyek\u00fcn Sibirya\u2019ya s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve Dudayev daha onbe\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir bebekken annesinin kuca\u011f\u0131nda bu s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7aresizli\u011fini, ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7ocukluk y\u0131llar\u0131 Sibirya bozk\u0131rlar\u0131nda \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7 \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda ge\u00e7mi\u015f, zar zor hayata tutunabilmi\u015fti. \u0130lk ve orta \u00f6\u011frenimini Sibirya’da tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra kendisini s\u00fcrg\u00fcn eden Sovyet g\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc i\u00e7inde askeri bir kariyere y\u00f6nelmi\u015fti. \u00d6nce Tambov Askeri Pilot Y\u00fcksek Okulu’ndan ve Uzak Mesafe U\u00e7aklar\u0131 Pilot ve M\u00fchendis Yeti\u015ftirme Y\u00fcksek Okulu’ndan mezun olmu\u015f daha sonra Moskova\u2019da Gagarin Hava Harp Akademisi’ni de bitirip 1. S\u0131n\u0131f pilot ve m\u00fchendis unvan\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. SSCB d\u00f6neminde kendisine 12 madalya verildi. T\u00fcmgeneralli\u011fe y\u00fckseldi. 1989’da Estonya’da stratejik hava kuvvetleri filolar\u0131 komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00f6rev yaparken Balt\u0131k \u00dclkeleri’nde ba\u015flayan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k hareketlerinin kuvvet kullan\u0131larak bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Moskova’dan emir ald\u0131. Ancak bu emri yerine getirmedi ve ad\u0131 isyanc\u0131 generale \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Moskova bu itaatsizli\u011fi hazmedemedi ve Dudayev, ceza olarak askeri birli\u011fi ile birlikte \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019a Grozni’ye s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderildi. Kaderin cilvesine bak\u0131n ki bebekken \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019dan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015fti, generalken \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019a s\u00fcrg\u00fcn ediliyordu…<\/p>\n

1990 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n May\u0131s ay\u0131nda g\u00f6revinden istifa etti, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l toplanan \u00c7e\u00e7en Halk\u0131n\u0131n Kurultay\u0131’na davet edildi ve sonradan “\u00c7e\u00e7en Milli Kongresi” ad\u0131n\u0131 alan bu halk meclisinin icra kurulu ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na se\u00e7ildi. 19-21 A\u011fustos 1991’de Gorba\u00e7ov’a kar\u015f\u0131 giri\u015filen ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z darbe te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda darbecilerin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. Sonras\u0131nda, darbecilerle i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapan \u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015f \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti H\u00fck\u00fcmeti’ni d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in ba\u015flat\u0131lan halk hareketinin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti. Demokratik g\u00fc\u00e7ler, ayd\u0131nlar ve t\u00fcm \u00c7e\u00e7en halk\u0131 kendisini destekledi. 1 Kas\u0131m 1991’de \u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015f Cumhuriyeti ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti ve ve Duayev 27 Ekim 1991’de yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imlerde\u00a0y\u00fczde 85 oran\u0131nda oy alarak \u00c7e\u00e7enistan\u2019\u0131n ilk devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi. Cahar Dudayev, Rusya’n\u0131n 11 Aral\u0131k 1994 tarihinde \u00c7e\u00e7enistan’a ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 askeri harekete kar\u015f\u0131 halk\u0131na direni\u015f \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yapt\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Dudayev’in \u00f6nderli\u011findeki \u00c7e\u00e7en halk\u0131, kendisinin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra da devam edecek olan kanl\u0131 bir sava\u015fa ad\u0131m atm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

Sava\u015f y\u0131llarca s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve hala s\u00fcrmekte. Hi\u00e7 ku\u015fku yok ki bu sava\u015f yak\u0131n tarihin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc en vah\u015fi, en ac\u0131mas\u0131z, en kurals\u0131z sava\u015f\u0131 oldu. \u00c7e\u00e7enistan yerle bir edildi, 200 binden fazla \u00c7e\u00e7en hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti, y\u00fczbinlercesi el kap\u0131lar\u0131nda m\u00fclteci oldu.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn d\u00f6n\u00fcp geriye bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, bu kadar a\u011f\u0131r bedellerin \u00f6dendi\u011fi bu sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k talep eden milli bir m\u00fccadele mi, radikal islam\u0131n manipule etti\u011fi bir \u2018cihat\u2019 sava\u015f\u0131 m\u0131, yoksa 1944 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcne veya 1864 yenilgisine veya daha \u00f6nceki ac\u0131lara atfen k\u00f6r bir r\u00f6van\u015f tutkusu mu oldu\u011funu anlamakta zorlan\u0131r\u0131z. Belki hepsiydi, belki de \u00c7e\u00e7enistan Rusya i\u00e7indeki iktidar sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n kurban\u0131yd\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n

Dudayev\u2019in, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn onbe\u015finci y\u0131l\u0131nda Kafkasyal\u0131lar camias\u0131nda az hat\u0131rlan\u0131yor olmas\u0131, \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar ve ac\u0131lar ya\u015fanmas\u0131 kadar belki bu her\u015feyin birbirine kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcndendir de. Bana sorarsan\u0131z, biz Kafkasyal\u0131lar sava\u015fmaktan ve kahraman olmaktan yorulduk\u2026<\/p>\n

Belki zamanla rahmetli Dudayev\u2019in siyasetini, liderli\u011fini, do\u011frusunu-yanl\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, kendi halk\u0131na (ve di\u011fer Kafkas halklar\u0131na) ne kazand\u0131r\u0131p ne kaybettirdi\u011fini daha \u00e7ok sorgulayaca\u011f\u0131z. Ama \u015fimdilik, 1991\u2019de y\u00fczde 85 oy alacak kadar halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan sevilip say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Rusya\u2019ya meydan okuyu\u015fuyla tarihe malolmu\u015f bir liderin bug\u00fcn kendi halk\u0131ndan (ve di\u011fer Kafkas halklar\u0131ndan) ziyade radikal dincilerin ve T\u00fcrk milliyet\u00e7ilerinin g\u00f6nl\u00fcnde taht kurmu\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u2018sebeb-i hikmeti\u2019ni etrafl\u0131ca d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemiz gerekti\u011fini belirtmekle yetineyim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sezai Babakuş 23.04.2011 21 Nisan, Çeçenistan’ın efsanevi lideri Cahar Dudayev’in ölüm yıldönümüdür. Bundan onbeş yıl önce (1996’da), aracı başında telefonla konuşurken yeri tespit edilmiş ve bir Rus savaş uçağı tarafından güdümlü füzeyle vurulmuştu… Merak ettim, Çeçenler ve diğer Kafkasyalılar Dudayev’ı hatırlayıp anıyor mu diye, 21 Nisan öncesi ve sonrası bir hafta boyunca ulaşabildiğim tüm internet 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