{"id":24461,"date":"2022-03-28T15:57:38","date_gmt":"2022-03-28T20:57:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=24461"},"modified":"2022-03-28T16:00:33","modified_gmt":"2022-03-28T21:00:33","slug":"yasadiklari-cografyanin-otohtonlari-lazlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/yasadiklari-cografyanin-otohtonlari-lazlar\/","title":{"rendered":"YA\u015eADIKLARI CO\u011eRAFYANIN OTOHTONLARI: LAZLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lazlar hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinmek isteyenlerin ilk ba\u015fvuracaklar\u0131 kaynaklar ansiklopedilerin ilgili maddeleri ve baz\u0131 kitaplar\u0131n Lazlardan da bahseden b\u00f6l\u00fcmleridir. Gerek ansiklopediler gerekse kaynak olarak ansiklopedileri alan kitaplar\u0131n, Lazlar hakk\u0131nda bizlere vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 bilgiler ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7ok uzakt\u0131r. Daha do\u011frusu yan\u0131lt\u0131c\u0131 ve kafa buland\u0131r\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Lazlar hakk\u0131nda ciddi ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131; ara\u015ft\u0131rma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n belirmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 ansiklopedilere, kitaplara yans\u0131yan eksik ve yanl\u0131\u015f bilgilerin zaman i\u00e7inde me\u015fruiyet kazanmas\u0131na, Lazlar hakk\u0131ndaki eksik ve yanl\u0131\u015f bilgilerin do\u011fru olarak kabul g\u00f6rmesine ve aktar\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u201cBug\u00fcn Trabzon\u2019da antik kal\u0131nt\u0131 olarak baz\u0131 yerlerde Helenistik devir \u00f6zellikleri g\u00f6steren ve \u00e7o\u011fu k\u0131sm\u0131 Bizans \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndan kalma sur haricinde fazla bir \u015fey say\u0131lamaz. Trabzon i\u00e7inde eski denilebilecek kal\u0131nt\u0131 olarak \u2018K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ayasofya\u2019 diye tan\u0131nan kilise ile \u015fehirden \u00e7ok uzakta Ma\u00e7ka yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki S\u00fcmela Manast\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6sterilebilir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Ayasofya\u2019daki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar say\u0131lmazsa kaz\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d (1) \u201cK\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 K\u00f6kten\u2019in 1944-1954\u2019te yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yo\u011fun ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara kar\u015f\u0131n, Rize ilindeki yaz\u0131l\u0131 tarih \u00f6ncesi yerle\u015fmeleri ayd\u0131nlatacak herhangi bir bulguya rastlan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u00d6 2000\u2019in ba\u015flar\u0131nda, Rize y\u00f6resinde tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla ge\u00e7inen, topra\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 kimi topluluklar ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Ancak bu topluluklar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlayan, ya\u015famlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bilgi veren buluntular, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya Rize y\u00f6resinde de\u011fil, kom\u015fu G\u00fcrcistan Cumhuriyeti topraklar\u0131nda ele ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d (2) \u201cArtvin ili s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yaz\u0131l\u0131 tarih \u00f6ncesini ayd\u0131nlatacak ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u2026\u201d (3) \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, \u00fcniversitede \u2018Tarih Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn kurulu\u015fu 1916\u2019da \u0130stanbul\u2019da ba\u015flarken, 1933 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki \u2018\u00fcniversite \u0131slahat\u0131\u2019na de\u011fin, burada ders veren tarih hocalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hi\u00e7biri, herhangi bir \u00fcniversitede tarih tahsili g\u00f6rmemi\u015f ve tarihten doktora yapmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. (\u2026) \u0130lmi anlamda tarihin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, Bat\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fcste\u015friklerden sonra, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019mizde ancak 1933\u2019ten sonra \u0130stanbul Edebiyat Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019ndeki Tarih Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde (\u015fimdiki Tarih Dal\u0131\u2019nda) ve Ankara\u2019da 1935\u2019te a\u00e7\u0131lan Dil ve Tarih-Co\u011frafya Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nde ba\u015flad\u0131\u2026\u201d (4)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131daki itiraf niteli\u011findeki al\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 okuduktan, Arkeoloji haritas\u0131ndan (5), T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kaz\u0131 yap\u0131lmayan tek b\u00f6lgenin (g\u00fcney) Do\u011fu Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hi\u00e7 kimsenin bu b\u00f6lgenin tarihi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri ve insanlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir bilgi vermeye, yazmaya hakk\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Ancak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki al\u0131nt\u0131lar bilek ya da bilmeyerek okuyucuya yanl\u0131\u015f bilgilerin, eksik baz\u0131 do\u011fru bilgilerle ula\u015fmaya devam etti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u2026 En eski Yunan m\u00fcellifleri Lazlardan bahsetmemektedirler\u2026\u201d (6) \u201c\u2026 Di\u011fer Kafkas halklar\u0131 gibi, Lazlar\u0131n men\u015fei konusunda da kesin bilgi yoktur. Eski Yunan kaynaklar\u0131nda onlardan s\u00f6z edilmez. Tarihte adlar\u0131na, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk y\u00fczy\u0131llar\u0131ndan itibaren rastlan\u0131r \u2026\u201d (7) \u201c\u2026 Lazlar\u0131n eski tarihleri, Kafkasya kavimlerinin isimlerinde umumiyetle hakim olan katiyetsizlik y\u00fcz\u00fcnden kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. En eski Yunan m\u00fcellifleri Lazlardan bahsetmemektedirler \u2026\u201d (8) \u201cLazlara gelince; milattan \u00f6nce ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan tarih\u00e7ilerin hi\u00e7biri Do\u011fu Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesindeki halklar aras\u0131nda Lazlardan s\u00f6z etmediklerinden ve ancak milad\u0131n ilk y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan tarih\u00e7iler eserlerinde Lazlar\u0131n Trabzon\u2019daki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilmekte oldu\u011fundan\u2026\u201d (9) \u201c\u2026 Lazlar\u0131n en eski tarihi \u00e7ok kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. Eski Yunan kaynaklar\u0131nda onlardan s\u00f6z edilmez. Bu toplulu\u011fun ad\u0131na tarih kaynaklar\u0131ndan ancak H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk d\u00f6nemlerinden ba\u015flayarak rastlan\u0131r. Ancak tarihleri hakk\u0131nda derli toplu bilgi verilmez \u2026\u201d (10) \u201c\u2026 Do\u011fu Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ve i\u00e7 b\u00f6lgeleri muhtemelen Kafkasyal\u0131 vah\u015fi kabileler taraf\u0131ndan yurt tutulmu\u015ftu\u2026\u201d (11) \u201c\u2026 Bir etnik birim olarak Lazlar\u0131n ilk \u00f6nce Plinius\u2019un Naturalis Historia (MS 79-23\/24) adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131nda s\u00f6z edilmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d (12) \u201cDo\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019in tarihi M\u00d6 756 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar karanl\u0131k\u2026\u201d (13)<\/p>\n

\u00c7e\u015fitli ansiklopedi ve kitaplardan aktar\u0131lan yukar\u0131daki al\u0131nt\u0131lar Lazlar hakk\u0131ndaki yaz\u0131lar\u0131n, hangi ama\u00e7la yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olurlarsa olsunlar, okuyucuya verdi\u011fi ve kabul ettirdi\u011fi g\u00f6zlenen en belirgin bilgi \u015fudur: \u201cLazlar milattan \u00f6nce yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde yoktu\u2026\u201d Milattan \u00f6nce Laz ad\u0131na rastlan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, Yunanl\u0131 yazarlar\u0131n Lazlardan ancak milattan sonra ba\u015flamak \u00fczere eserlerinde bahsetmeleri, Laz olarak an\u0131lan insanlar\u0131n, bu ad\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ve eski Yunanl\u0131 yazarlar\u0131n eserlerine girmelerinden \u00f6nce yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde ya\u015famad\u0131klar\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. Zaman zaman tarihi kaynaklarda Laz g\u00f6\u00e7lerinden (14) bahsedilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 da Lazlar\u0131n (G\u00fcney) Do\u011fu Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesine sonradan geldikleri \u015feklinde bir anlam \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 da gerektirmez.<\/p>\n

Lazlar, Laz ad\u0131yla tarihi kaynaklara ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce de sonra da hem T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ve hem de G\u00fcrcistan Cumhuriyeti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flar ve ya\u015famaya da devam etmektedirler. Tarih i\u00e7inde \u00e7e\u015fitli adlarla an\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve an\u0131lmakta olsalar bile ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 co\u011frafyan\u0131n otohtonlar\u0131d\u0131rlar. Yukar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan yukar\u0131ya tarih i\u00e7inde \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik nedenlerden kaynaklanan g\u00f6\u00e7ler g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fcyse de, bu g\u00f6\u00e7ler ayn\u0131 halk\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde ve yerlere olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Ord. Prof. Dr. \u015eemseddin G\u00fcnaltay gibi, baz\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131m\u0131z (G\u00fcney) Do\u011fu Karadeniz y\u00f6resi ve bu y\u00f6renin halklar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda yabanc\u0131, d\u00fcr\u00fcst kaynaklardan edindikleri bilgileri mant\u0131k s\u00fczge\u00e7lerinden de ge\u00e7irerek ortaya birtak\u0131m bilgiler koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u015e. G\u00fcnaltay, \u201cThermodon\u2019un do\u011fusunda garptan \u015farka do\u011fru Halib (Chalybe)\u2019ler, Tibaren\u2019ler, Mossinek (Mossineces)\u2019ler, Makron (Macron) veya kocaba\u015fl\u0131 insanlar (Macrocephales) adlar\u0131ndaki kavimlerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d (15) yazmaktad\u0131r. M\u00d6 63 (64) y\u0131l\u0131nda Amasya\u2019da do\u011fan ve d\u00fcnya tarih \u00e7evrelerine temel ba\u015fvuru kayna\u011f\u0131 olan 17 kitap\u00e7\u0131k \u201cGeopraphika\u201d isimli eseri arma\u011fan eden Strabon da, \u015e. G\u00fcnaltay\u2019\u0131n verdi\u011fi bu bilgiyi teyid etmektedir. (16) \u015e. G\u00fcnaltay, \u201cYunanl\u0131lar\u0131n Makron dedikleri kavmin yerli ad\u0131n\u0131n Tzan veya Sann oldu\u011funun anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d belirtmektedir. (17) Mahmut Golo\u011flu da, \u201cMakranlar\u2019la \u00c7anlar ayn\u0131 insanlard\u0131r\u201d (18) demektedir. Fahrettin K\u0131rz\u0131o\u011flu, \u201cTsanlar\u0131n, sonradan Laz diye tan\u0131nacak kavmin ikiz boyu oldu\u011funu\u201d belirtme ihtiyac\u0131 duymaktad\u0131r. (19) Strabon\u2019un bizleri bilgilendirmesi de bu y\u00f6ndedir. (20) The Cambridge Medieval History adl\u0131 eser, 6. y\u00fczy\u0131l Bizans- Pers sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131rken \u201cLazi\u201d ve \u201cTzani\u201d isimlerini ittifak i\u00e7indeki iki ayr\u0131, ancak birbirini tamamlayan bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak belirtmektedir. (21) \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi, \u201cG\u00fcrc\u00fclerin Lazlara \u00c7\u2019an dediklerini, \u00c7\u2019an kelimesinin muhtemelen Yunanca Sannoi\/Tzannoi kelimelerinin asl\u0131 oldu\u011funu, Lazlar ile \u00c7\u2019anlar aras\u0131ndaki s\u0131k\u0131 akrabal\u0131k ba\u011flar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, birbirlerinden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fcklerini\u201d (22) yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zetle; tarihin \u00e7e\u015fitli d\u00f6nemlerinde ve \u00e7e\u015fitli dillerde Makron, T\u00e7an, Tsan, Tzani, \u00c7\u2019an, Chan, Zan, Sonnoi, Tsannoi, Lazi kelimeleriyle adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan insanlarla T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti yurtta\u015f\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Lazlar ve G\u00fcrcistan Cumhuriyeti yurtta\u015f\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Lazlar ve H\u0131ristiyan Megreller ayn\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn insanlar\u0131d\u0131r. (23)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kaynaklar:<\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) Prof. Dr. Cevdet Bayburtluo\u011flu, Arkeoloji, TC K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ankara, 1982, S. 344.<\/p>\n

(2) Yurt Ansiklopedisi, Anadolu Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1982-1983, Cilt 9, S. 6352.<\/p>\n

(3)\u00a0 Yurt Ansiklopedisi, Anadolu Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1982, Cilt 2, S. 899.<\/p>\n

(4) Dr. M. Fahrettin K\u0131rz\u0131o\u011flu, 1. Milletleraras\u0131 T\u00fcrkoloji Kongresi, \u0130stanbul, (Tebli\u011fler 1. T\u00fcrk Tarihi, \u0130stanbul, 1979) S. 155.<\/p>\n

(5) T\u00fcrkiye Ansiklopedisi, Cumhuriyet D\u00f6nemi, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1973, Cilt 7, S. 25.<\/p>\n

(6) V. Minorsky, \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi, Maarif Bas\u0131mevi, \u0130stanbul, 1957, Cilt 7, S. 25.<\/p>\n

(7) Meydan B\u00fcy\u00fck L\u00fbgat ve Ansiklopedisi, Meydan Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul, 1985, Cilt 7, S. 852.<\/p>\n

(8) Dr. Tevkif Tarkan, Rize ve Hopa Y\u00f6resi Co\u011frafi Et\u00fcd\u00fc, Atat\u00fcrk \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 45 (27-35), Erzurum, 1973, S.24.<\/p>\n

(9) Mahmut Golo\u011flu, Anadolu\u2019nun Milli Devleti Pontos, (50. Y\u0131l Arma\u011fan\u0131), S. 101.<\/p>\n

(10) T\u00fcrk Ansiklopedisi, Cilt 22, S. 498.<\/p>\n

(11) Andrew Mango, Discovering Turkey, B.T. Bastford Ltd, Londra, 1973, S. 28.<\/p>\n

(12) Rudiger Bennighaus (Peter Alford Andrews, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Etnik Gruplar, ANT, T\u00fcm Zamanlar Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1992, S. 312.<\/p>\n

(13) Hale Soys\u00fc, Kavimler Kap\u0131s\u0131-1, Kaynak Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1992, S.17.<\/p>\n

(14) T\u00fcrk Ansiklopedisi, Cilt 22, S. 498.<\/p>\n

(15) Ord. Prof. Dr. \u015eemseddin G\u00fcnaltay, Yak\u0131n \u015eark 4, 1.B\u00f6l\u00fcm, Perslerden Romal\u0131lara Kadar, TTK Bas\u0131mevi, Ankara, 1951, S. 25.<\/p>\n

(16) Strabon, Geographika (Co\u011frafya), Kitap 2. B\u00f6l\u00fcm 1-2-3, \u0130\u00dcEF Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 (1437), 1969, S. 33.<\/p>\n

(17) \u015e. G\u00fcnaltay, age, S. 25.<\/p>\n

(18) M. Golo\u011flu, age, S. 97.<\/p>\n

(19) M. Fahrettin K\u0131rz\u0131o\u011flu, 7. T\u00fcrk Tarih Kongresi, 2. Seksiyon, Ankara, 1927, Cilt 1, S. 429<\/p>\n

(20) Strabon, age, S. 33.<\/p>\n

(21) The Cambridge Medieval History, Cambridge, 1936, Cilt 2 (Bizans-Pers Sava\u015flar\u0131)<\/p>\n

(22) V. Minorsky, age, S. 27.<\/p>\n

(23) The News fron the Georgian Republic, Say\u0131 2, Stockholm, Aral\u0131k, 1991, S. 11.<\/p>\n

+<\/p>\n

Kaynak: Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cG\u00fcndem Ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 Co\u011frafyan\u0131n Otohtonlar\u0131: Lazlar\u201d, \u00d6zg\u00fcr G\u00fcndem Gazetesi\/K\u00fclt\u00fcr-Sanat,19 Temmuz 1993 Pazartesi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ali İhsan Aksamaz Lazlar hakkında bilgi edinmek isteyenlerin ilk başvuracakları kaynaklar ansiklopedilerin ilgili maddeleri ve bazı kitapların Lazlardan da bahseden bölümleridir. Gerek ansiklopediler gerekse kaynak olarak ansiklopedileri alan kitapların, Lazlar hakkında bizlere vermeye çalıştıkları bilgiler aydınlatıcı olmaktan çok uzaktır. Daha doğrusu yanıltıcı ve kafa bulandırıcıdır. Lazlar hakkında ciddi araştırmalar yapılmamış olması; araştırma ihtiyacının belirmemiş olması 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