![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/POLITIK-WORSER-b-1.png\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Can Nart<\/strong><\/p>\n 1908 Devrimi veya \u201cme\u015frutiyetin iadesi\u201d ile ba\u015flarsak, 1920\u2019lere kadar, diasporan\u0131n anavatandan daha \u201cileri\u201d oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nem s\u00fcregeldi. Diasporada \u00c7erkes \u0130ttihat ve Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti, \u00c7erkes Kad\u0131nlar\u0131 Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti, \u00c7erkes Numune Mektebi gibi giri\u015fimler g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n Peki, 1864\u2019ten sonra Kafkasya\u2019da ne oldu? \u0130\u015fte bu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda kli\u015felere dayan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Kafkasya\u2019da, 93 harbinde Osmanl\u0131 lehine \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ayaklanmalar haricinde, pek de yaprak k\u0131m\u0131ldamam\u0131\u015f, bilhassa n\u00fcfusunun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu kaybeden Bat\u0131 Ad\u0131geleri olmak \u00fczere hen\u00fcz ulusla\u015famam\u0131\u015f etnik\/k\u00fclt\u00fcrel topluluklar, Ekim Devrimi\u2019ne kadar, neredeyse yok olman\u0131n e\u015fi\u011fine gelmi\u015fti. Kimileri kurtulu\u015f olarak 11 May\u0131s 1918\u2019e, Kuzey Kafkasya Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne i\u015faret edebilir; fakat tarihsel \u00c7erkesya\u2019da hi\u00e7bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da biz belirtelim. Elbette Kuzey Kafkasya Cumhuriyeti, \u00e7ok daha detayl\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n konusudur.<\/p>\n Her ikisi de bir d\u00f6nem devrim cephesinde yer alan; T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Burjuva Devrimi, Rusya\u2019da Sosyalist Devrim ya\u015fand\u0131 ve B\u00fcy\u00fck Ekim Devrimi, halk\u0131m\u0131za adeta \u201ccan suyu\u201d verdi. Sonras\u0131nda \u201csosyalizmle var olu\u015f\u201d ile \u201cT\u00fcrkiyeli bir yok olu\u015f\u201d e\u015f zamanl\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131. \u0130ki toplumsal formasyonda \u00c7erkesler, bamba\u015fka geli\u015fim seyri izledi\u011fi gibi, bu ikilik, pratikte iki kar\u015f\u0131t damar da yaratacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye yap\u0131lan g\u00f6\u00e7\/s\u00fcrg\u00fcnleri \u00fc\u00e7 ana grupta toplamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn:<\/p>\n Son iki grup, 1960\u2019lara dek diasporada d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel atmosferi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde belirlemi\u015ftir. \u201cSab\u0131k y\u00f6netici\u201d, \u201csoylu\u201d, \u201cKafkasya do\u011fumlu\u201d vb olman\u0131n getirisiyle \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclen temel arg\u00fcman\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc, kaba anti kom\u00fcnizmdir ve \u00f6zetle \u015funu propaganda eder: Anavatan \u201ckom\u00fcnizm mezalimi\u201d alt\u0131nda inlemektedir ve \u201cesir Kuzey Kafkasyal\u0131lar\u0131n istiklali\u201d sosyalist sistemin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecektir.<\/p>\n 1960\u2019larda sosyalizmin prestijinin artmas\u0131yla birlikte, \u0130zzet Aydemir\u2019in Kafkasya K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Dergisi\u2019nde, \u201cD\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u201d\u00fcn n\u00fcvelerini g\u00f6rebiliyoruz. Onu izleyen Kam\u00e7\u0131 ve Yam\u00e7\u0131 dergileri, elbette tutarl\u0131 bir i\u00e7 evrime sahip olarak T\u00fcrkiye \u00c7erkeslerinin tek \u00f6zg\u00fcn tezi olan \u201cD\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u201d\u00fc olgunla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131lar ve bir siyasal program haline getirdiler.<\/p>\n \u0130lk defa, \u201canavatan siyaseti\u201d yapan iki grup ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131: Anavatan\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fgal alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu buyuran Birle\u015fik Kafkasya (BK) hareketinin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f harekti, T\u00fcrkiyeli bir yok olu\u015fa i\u015faret ediyor ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn \u201canavatana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u201d oldu\u011funu dile getiriyordu. Ve ilk defa, anavatana yakla\u015f\u0131m bi\u00e7imi, anavatan alg\u0131s\u0131 farkl\u0131la\u015f\u0131yordu ve bu, onlardan sonra gelecek t\u00fcm ku\u015faklara, \u015f\u00f6yle ya da b\u00f6yle sirayet edecekti.<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n alt metninde de bu ayr\u0131m\u0131 sezmiyor musunuz? K\u00fclt\u00fcrel geli\u015fkinlik ba\u011flam\u0131nda diasporay\u0131 m\u0131 referans alaca\u011f\u0131z, anavatan\u0131 m\u0131? Bu referans se\u00e7imlerimizi nas\u0131l ko\u015fullayacak?… Bu sorular uzat\u0131labilir ve kalk\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 anavatan oldu\u011funda, sorular ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7oktur.<\/p>\n D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f Hareketi\u2019nin anavatana yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n pragmatik; fakat hakkaniyetli oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemeliyiz. \u201cBir avu\u00e7\u201d \u00c7erkes\u2019in kalm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu anavatan, her \u015feyiyle bizden \u00e7ok daha ileriydi ve biz, \u201cmuhacerette\u201d yok olu\u015fa s\u00fcr\u00fckleniyor, asimile oluyorduk. Bunlar\u0131n hepsi, reel sosyalizm hala ayaktayken T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den s\u00f6yleniyordu. Az \u015fey midir? Reel sosyalizm \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcld\u00fc. Ortaya ipe sapa gelmez iddialar atanlara yan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131z elbette var; fakat bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n konusu de\u011fil.<\/p>\n BK hareketi, lineer \u00e7izgisini bug\u00fcnk\u00fc (kapitalist) Rusya\u2019ya uzatt\u0131: \u201c\u00dc\u00e7 rejim de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f Rusya, asl\u0131nda \u201cemperyal\u201d \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc hep korudu, halk\u0131m\u0131za zulmetti\/zulmediyor\u2026\u201d. 2000\u2019lere gelindi\u011finde geleneksel BK \u00e7izgisinin, negatif anlam y\u00fcklenerek bir kadro hareketi oldu\u011fu, \u201chalktan kopuk\u201d oldu\u011fu, yine o cenahtan \u201cyeni nesil\u201d gen\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan dillendiriliyordu. BK hareketinin, Kafkasya Forumu (KF) eliyle, romantik milliyet\u00e7i ve pop\u00fclist bir dalgaya yedeklenmesi uzun s\u00fcrmedi. Bu d\u00f6nemin enstr\u00fcman\u0131 So\u00e7i Olimpiyatlar\u0131 ve \u00c7erkes Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 temas\u0131yd\u0131. Operasyonun T\u00fcrkiye aya\u011f\u0131nda ise \u201cyetmez ama evet\u201d ve daha sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Suriye\u2019ye m\u00fcdahalesine destek vard\u0131.<\/p>\n Geleneksel dernekler, k\u00fclt\u00fcr emek\u00e7ileri ve bilhassa KAFFED, Rus\u00e7u, Rus ajan\u0131 gibi yaftamalarla y\u0131prat\u0131ld\u0131. O d\u00f6nem, sald\u0131r\u0131lan\u0131n asl\u0131nda KAFFED de\u011fil, 1960\u2019lar\u0131n m\u00fcktesebat\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen ve savunan bir avu\u00e7 gen\u00e7ten biriyim. Geri kalan \u201cheyecanl\u0131\u201d gen\u00e7lerin bir\u00e7o\u011fundan eser yok \u015fimdi, kalanlarsa \u015fi\u015firmedir.<\/p>\n Tarihin bir ironisi: Bug\u00fcn, bu ki\u015filer ve bunlara alan a\u00e7anlar KAFFED y\u00f6netiminin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu olu\u015fturuyor; hem de d\u00fcne kadar hoyrat\u00e7a sald\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 KAFFED\u2019in. Unutuluyor; merakl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc YK \u00fcyelerinin \u015feceresine \u015f\u00f6yle bir g\u00f6z atmas\u0131 yeterlidir. Bo\u015funa \u201c40 y\u0131ll\u0131k gelenek y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131\u201d nidalar\u0131 at\u0131lmad\u0131.<\/p>\n Ben herkesin aksine D\u00c7B\u2019yi tart\u0131\u015fm\u0131yorum; D\u00c7B tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n alt metninde Anavatana (ve Rusya\u2019ya) yakla\u015f\u0131m bi\u00e7imi ve \u00fcretilen politikalar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel arka plan\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Gerisi teknik bir muhasebeden ibarettir, zira bu da Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Genel Kurul\u2019da oylan\u0131p yan\u0131t verilmi\u015ftir. Bana g\u00f6re, vulgarize etmekten elbette ka\u00e7\u0131narak, kimi zaman, bizim Musa K\u2019ah gibi d\u00fcz olmak ve \u015f\u00f6yle bir arkam\u0131za yaslan\u0131p toplumun yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 tartmak gerekiyor. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n \u201cKatil Rusya Kafkasya\u2019dan Defol!\u201d mu diyorsun; buyur d\u00f6n ve sava\u015f.<\/p>\n \u201cKatil Putin\u201d mi diyorsun, buyur d\u00f6n ve orada s\u00f6yle. Zira burada milyonlarca yurtta\u015f \u201cKatil Erdo\u011fan\u201d slogan\u0131 att\u0131 ve hala g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6remeyenler var.<\/p>\n T\u0131pk\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fclere dedikleri gibi; e\u011fer dava insan\u0131 \u201csayg\u0131n\u201dd\u0131r diyorsak, d\u00f6nd\u00fckleri i\u00e7indir. \u00c7erkes k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde sayg\u0131, s\u00f6z ve eylem birli\u011fine sayg\u0131d\u0131r; bug\u00fcn, her ne kadar sayg\u0131n\u0131n ortalamac\u0131l\u0131k oldu\u011fu dayat\u0131lsa da.<\/p>\n Tersinden, BK hareketi, geleneksel ve pop\u00fclist kanad\u0131yla, romantik, a\u011flamakl\u0131 orta s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n ve gen\u00e7lerin vicdan\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bu hareketin i\u00e7inden gelip anavatana d\u00f6nen, iddias\u0131n\u0131 orada dillendiren de pek \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zetle, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, NATO \u00fcyesi bir \u00fclkede, herhangi bir zorluk \u00e7ekmeden Rusya’ya ahkam kesebilmek, herkese nasip olmuyor, hakikaten b\u00fcy\u00fck zanaat say\u0131lmal\u0131 (!).<\/p>\n Anavatan siyaseti ba\u011flam\u0131nda Rus\u00e7u dediklerine gelirsek;<\/p>\n D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f dediler ve bu hareketin \u00f6nder kadrosu \u201c\u00f6nc\u00fc d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u201d\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Dahas\u0131, davalar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015famlar\u0131yla kan\u0131tlad\u0131lar, yer yer, hatta \u00e7o\u011fu zaman anavatanla diaspora aras\u0131nda k\u00f6pr\u00fc vazifesi g\u00f6rd\u00fcler. Bu insanlar ele\u015ftirilir mi? Elbette. Fakat az evvel belirtti\u011fim \u201cger\u00e7ekli\u011fin\u201d \u00fczerinden atlanamaz. S\u00f6z s\u00f6yleyecek olan evvela kendini kan\u0131tlar.<\/p>\n Burada d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcleri aklama gayretine d\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fim anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131, zaten d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fc de de\u011filim. Yaln\u0131zca meram\u0131m \u015fu:<\/p>\n Tuzu kurular, romantikler, forumcular, milliyet\u00e7iler, dans\u00e7\u0131lar, \u00e7alg\u0131c\u0131lar\u2026 \u00d6zetle, anavatan duyar\u0131 kasan \u00e7e\u015fitli kesimler, sizin de s\u00f6z ve eylem birli\u011finizi kan\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6rmek isteriz. Zira dava insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6yle oluyor vesselam.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Can Nart 1908 Devrimi veya “meşrutiyetin iadesi” ile başlarsak, 1920’lere kadar, diasporanın anavatandan daha “ileri” olduğu bir dönem süregeldi. Diasporada Çerkes İttihat ve Teavün Cemiyeti, Çerkes Kadınları Teavün Cemiyeti, Çerkes Numune Mektebi gibi girişimler görüyoruz. Peki, 1864’ten sonra Kafkasya’da ne oldu? İşte bu sorunun yanıtı büyük oranda klişelere dayanıyor. Kafkasya’da, 93 harbinde Osmanlı lehine çıkarılan 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