{"id":31720,"date":"2022-12-26T14:45:56","date_gmt":"2022-12-26T20:45:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=31720"},"modified":"2022-12-26T14:57:40","modified_gmt":"2022-12-26T20:57:40","slug":"car-ivan-ve-prenses-maria-goseney-evliligine-dayali-olarak-rus-cerkes-iliskileri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/car-ivan-ve-prenses-maria-goseney-evliligine-dayali-olarak-rus-cerkes-iliskileri\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7AR \u0130VAN VE PRENSES MAR\u0130A (GO\u015eENEY) EVL\u0130L\u0130\u011e\u0130NE DAYALI OLARAK RUS-\u00c7ERKES \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

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NATHO Kadir\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n
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\u00c7erkesler, Kaf-Dav 2009<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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1550’li y\u0131llarda Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n geni\u015flemeci politikas\u0131 sayesinde himaye etti\u011fi K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, \u00c7erkesya’ya y\u00f6nelik ya\u011fmac\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 giderek yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u0131r\u0131m Tatarlar\u0131 \u00f6nlerine \u00e7\u0131kan her k\u00f6y\u00fc yak\u0131p y\u0131kmakta, esir ald\u0131klar\u0131 insanlar\u0131 ise gemilerle Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131na k\u00f6le olarak g\u00f6ndermektedir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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K\u0131r\u0131m Hanlar\u0131n\u0131n kendi \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131klar\u0131 fermanlarda belirttikleri \u00fczere islamiyeti kan ve barut ile getirme ve Osmanl\u0131 hakimiyet alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletme politikas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, eski inan\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Ad\u0131geler var g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle m\u00fccadele etmi\u015fler, \u00f6zellikle Do\u011fu \u00c7erkesya yo\u011fun Tatar sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na maruz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte b\u00f6yle b\u00f6yle bir d\u00f6nemde Ad\u0131geler, K\u0131r\u0131m ve Osmanl\u0131’ya kar\u015f\u0131 ittifak kurma amac\u0131yla kom\u015fular\u0131yla ili\u015fkiler kurma yoluna gittiler ve Ad\u0131ge Prens ve Prensesleri kom\u015fu \u00fclkelerin y\u00f6neticileri, asilzadeleri ile evlendirilmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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1551’de Kanuni’nin emriyle K\u0131r\u0131m Hani Sahip Giray, Hat\u0131koy Prensi Janbek’in o\u011fullar\u0131 Aleguko ve Antanuko’nun Azak k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki Tatar bozgunculara sald\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek Bat\u0131 \u00c7erkesya’ya sald\u0131r\u0131 d\u00fczenler. Ad\u0131geler, \u00e7etin bir direni\u015f g\u00f6sterseler de yenilirler. Prens Antanuko esir d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00c7erkesler, bu b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan K\u0131r\u0131m hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tak ba\u015flar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koyamayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 anlay\u0131nca \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc kuzeydeki Rus \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile diplomatik ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirmekte bulurlar. Rus taht\u0131nda ise Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van ad\u0131yla bilinen \u00c7ar \u0130van Vasiliyevi\u00e7 Grozni oturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Bu sebeple 1551 y\u0131l\u0131nda Abaza Prens Ezbozluko Alk\u0131l\u0131\u015f ile Ad\u0131ge Prensler Kanuko Ma\u015fuk ve Kanuko Tana\u015fuk’un \u00f6nderlik etti\u011fi 200 atl\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7ar’a el\u00e7i olarak g\u00f6nderilmesiyle birlikte \u00c7erkes-Rus ili\u015fkilerinde yeni bir d\u00f6nem ba\u015flar. Prens el\u00e7iler, \u00c7erkesya’y\u0131 T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 himaye alt\u0131na ve destek olmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hizmet edeceklerini \u00c7ar’a bildirirler.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00c7erkeslerin, Moskova’ya el\u00e7i g\u00f6nderdikleri haberini alan K\u0131r\u0131m Han\u0131 Devlet Giray, \u00c7erkesleri cezaland\u0131rmak maksad\u0131yla 1553-1554 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00c7erkesya’ya y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenleyerek pek \u00e7ok k\u00f6y\u00fc yak\u0131p y\u0131kar ve elde etti\u011fi ganimetlerle birlikte K\u0131r\u0131m’a geri d\u00f6ner.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar \u00fczerine \u00c7ar \u0130van, \u00fcnl\u00fc diplomatlar\u0131ndan Andrei \u015eepotiyev’i \u00c7erkeslere el\u00e7i olarak g\u00f6nderir. Andrei, 1555 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Ad\u0131ge topraklar\u0131nda kal\u0131r. Andrei daha sonra A\u011fustos 1555’te Jane Prensi Sibeyko Kan\u015fav o\u011flu Kudakek ve a\u011fabeyi Atsemguk’un yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Abaza prens Ezbozluko Tutaruko nun \u00f6nderli\u011finde 150 ki\u015filik bir heyeti de yan\u0131na alarak Moskova’ya geri d\u00f6ner. El\u00e7iler, \u00c7ar \u0130van’\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na geldiklerinde t\u00fcm \u00c7erkesya ad\u0131na burada bulunduklar\u0131n\u0131 bildirerek, T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 yard\u0131m isterler. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da ya\u015famlar\u0131 boyunca \u00c7ar’a hizmet edeceklerine s\u00f6z verirler.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u00c7ar \u0130van, el\u00e7ilere b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ilgi g\u00f6sterir. Prens Tutaruk ve Kudakek vaftiz edilir ve s\u0131ras\u0131yla \u0130van ve Aleksandr isimlerini al\u0131rlar. Ancak Rus h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ile olan bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 istemediklerinden, \u00c7erkesleri sadece K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruyabileceklerini ifade ederler.Bunun sonras\u0131nda da Prens Sibeyko ile \u00c7ar \u0130van aras\u0131nda bir anla\u015fma yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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1555 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kabardey Rus hakimiyeti alt\u0131na girer. 1556 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7ar \u0130van, K\u0131r\u0131m Tatarlar\u0131yla sava\u015fmak \u00fczere Rusya’ya gelen Ukrayna-Polonya Prensi Dymitro Wisniowiecki’yi kabardey topraklar\u0131na vali olarak atar. Prens Dymitro ve Kazak Ordusu, Kabardey topraklar\u0131na konu\u015flan\u0131r. Prens Dymitro, adil y\u00f6netimi sonucu Ad\u0131gelerin g\u00fcvenini ve sayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kazan\u0131r ve baz\u0131 Ad\u0131ge Prenslerini kendi saf\u0131na \u00e7eker.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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1556’da \u00c7ar \u0130van, do\u011fudaki Astrahan Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilhak eder ve b\u00f6ylece \u00c7erkesler ile Ruslar s\u0131n\u0131r kom\u015fusu olur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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1557 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u0131r\u0131m Han\u0131 Devlet Giray, 60 bin ki\u015filik bir ordu ile \u00c7erkesya’ya sald\u0131r\u0131r. \u00c7ar \u0130van, 13 bin ki\u015filik ordusuyla deste\u011fe gelir ve Han’\u0131n ordusunu geriden ku\u015fatarak Tula yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bozguna u\u011frat\u0131r ve Tatarlar, Ruslar ve \u00c7erkesler taraf\u0131ndan geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bunun \u00fczerine Kabardey Prens Temruk \u0130dar, 1557 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir el\u00e7i grubunu Moskova’ya g\u00f6nderir. Kabardey Ad\u0131geleri Prenslerinin himaye alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131yla Rus vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul ederler.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Bu m\u00fczakereler sonucunda Rus-\u00c7erkes ili\u015fkileri k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in de olsa ilerler. 1556-1557 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Rus Ordusu i\u00e7erisindeki \u00c7erkes kuvveti 5000’e ula\u015f\u0131r. Daha sonra Ruslar\u0131n deste\u011fini alan Prens Sibeyko ve Prens Temruk \u0130dar 1557’de K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131ya ge\u00e7erek Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda i\u015fgal alt\u0131nda bulunan \u00c7erkeslerin tarihi topraklar\u0131 Taman ve Temruk \u015fehirlerini geri al\u0131rlar.<\/div>\n
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1558 y\u0131l\u0131nda Prens Salnuk kal\u0131c\u0131 hizmet i\u00e7in Moskova’ya gider. \u00d6te yandan \u00c7ar ivan’\u0131n, \u0130sve\u00e7 krall\u0131\u011f\u0131na sava\u015f ilan etmesiyle birlikte Prens Sibeyko Kan\u015fav ve Prens Kanuko Ma\u015fuk komutas\u0131ndaki bir Ad\u0131ge s\u00fcvari ordusu, Rus ordusu ile birlikte Levon sava\u015f\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7erkesler, Rus kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir cesaret ve ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi g\u00f6stererek 20 kaleyi ele ge\u00e7irirler. 1558’ten 1583 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Rus ordusunda g\u00f6rev al\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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1558 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7ar \u0130van, K\u0131r\u0131m hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na destekleyen Nogay prensli\u011fine el\u00e7i g\u00f6ndererek hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde Ad\u0131gelere zarar verilmemesini aksi takdirde Rus \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131nda bulacaklar\u0131 konusunda ultimatom verir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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1559’da Prens Temruk Idar iki o\u011flunu Moskova’ya g\u00f6nderir. O\u011fullar\u0131ndan Sultan, Moskova’da kal\u0131r ve hristyan olarak Mihail \u00c7erkasski ad\u0131n\u0131 alarak Rus Ordusunun en b\u00fcy\u00fck kumandanlar\u0131ndan biri olur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ve 1561 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rus \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ili\u015fkileri daha da peki\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in Prens Temruk \u0130dar, k\u0131z\u0131 Prenses Go\u015feney’i \u00c7ar \u0130van ile evlendirir. Go\u015feney kilisede vaftiz edilerek Hristiyan olur ve Maria Temryukovna ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Bu evlili\u011fin ard\u0131ndan 1560-1561 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda birle\u015fik Rus ve \u00c7erkes kuvvetleri K\u0131r\u0131m’a kar\u015f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenlerler. K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan bu sald\u0131r\u0131lar Osmanl\u0131 Devletini tela\u015fa s\u00fcr\u00fckler.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Bu d\u00f6nemde \u00c7ari\u00e7e Maria’n\u0131n (Esas ad\u0131yla Prenses Go\u015feney) \u00c7ar \u0130van’dan Vasiliy ad\u0131nda bir o\u011flu olur. Ancak ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri bu evlili\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan ve Rus olmayan birisinin tahta ge\u00e7mesini istemeyen Rus boyarlar\u0131 (en y\u00fcksek makamdaki Rus y\u00f6neticiler), taraf\u0131ndan o\u011flu ve kendisi 6 Eyl\u00fcl 1569’da zehirlenerek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Prenses Go\u015feney’in ate\u015fler i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7ok \u00f6zledi\u011fi annesinin ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7erkesce s\u00f6zlerle gece boyunca say\u0131klayarak ve g\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131r\u0131rken can verdi\u011fi ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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O s\u0131rada K\u0131r\u0131m’a kar\u015f\u0131 seferde haberi alan \u00c7ar \u0130van, \u00fclkesine geri d\u00f6ner. \u00dclke genelinde zorunlu yas ilan ederek t\u00fcm\u00fcyle siyah giyinilmesini emreder ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc m\u00fccevherat ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 ve tak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklar. Maria’n\u0131n ve o\u011flunun zehirlenerek \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6ylentileri \u00fczerine de \u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden sorumlu tuttu\u011fu bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fiyi idam eder.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Bunun ard\u0131ndan K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00c7erkes ve Ruslar\u0131n aras\u0131ndaki ittifak\u0131n zamanla sekteye u\u011frayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle Ad\u0131gelerden, Osmanl\u0131larla birlikte Astrahan’a yap\u0131lacak sefere kat\u0131lmalar\u0131n\u0131 ister. Fakat Ad\u0131gelerin bu teklifi geri \u00e7evirmesi \u00fczerine K\u0131r\u0131m Hand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bat\u0131 \u00c7erkesya’ya sald\u0131r\u0131r. Ancak K\u0131r\u0131m ordusu, Rus ordusu taraf\u0131ndan geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00d6te yandan Bat\u0131daki Ad\u0131gelere yard\u0131ma gelen Kabardey Prens Temruk \u0130dar da ordusuyla Tatarlara bask\u0131n d\u00fczenleyerek bir\u00e7ok ganimet elde eder.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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K\u0131r\u0131m Han\u0131 Adil Giray intikam almak gerek\u00e7esiyle 1571 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7erkesya’ya sald\u0131r\u0131r. Afips \u0131rma\u011f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda Tatarlar ile Ad\u0131geler ve Abazalar aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen sava\u015fta Prens Temruk \u0130dar ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaralar sonucu \u00f6l\u00fcr. O\u011fullar\u0131ndan Mams\u0131r\u0131khu ve Beghlayr\u0131khu esir d\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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1577 y\u0131l\u0131nda K\u0131r\u0131m Han\u0131 Gazi Giray komutas\u0131ndaki Tatarlar, Kabardey’e sald\u0131r\u0131r. Ad\u0131geler sava\u015f\u0131 kazan\u0131rlar ve Gazi Giray \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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1582’de entrikalar sonucu kendi o\u011flunu \u00f6ld\u00fcren \u00c7ar Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van, 18 Mart 1584’de Bogdan Belsky ile satran\u00e7 oynarken \u00f6l\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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19 Mart 1584’te \u00c7ar \u0130van’\u0131n, Anastasiya Romanovna Zaharina Yurevina ile olan evlili\u011finden do\u011fan o\u011flu I. Fyodor tahta ge\u00e7er. Ocak 1598’te \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar \u0130sve\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilen, Finlandiya k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki topraklar\u0131 geri al\u0131r, Sibirya ve Kafkasya \u00fczerinde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir denetim kurar. Kendisini, \u0130ber topraklar\u0131, G\u00fcrcistan krallar\u0131, Kabardey, Kafkaslar ve Da\u011fl\u0131 prenslerin h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131 ilan eder. B\u00f6ylece Rus \u00e7arlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek istedikleri yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politika resmiyet kazan\u0131r.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

NATHO Kadir  Çerkesler, Kaf-Dav 2009 1550’li yıllarda Osmanlı’nın genişlemeci politikası sayesinde himaye ettiği Kırım Hanlığının, Çerkesya’ya yönelik yağmacı saldırıları giderek yoğunlaşmıştır. Kırım Tatarları önlerine çıkan her köyü yakıp yıkmakta, esir aldıkları insanları ise gemilerle Osmanlı topraklarına köle olarak göndermektedir. Kırım Hanlarının kendi çıkarttıkları fermanlarda belirttikleri üzere islamiyeti kan ve barut ile getirme ve Osmanlı hakimiyet 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