{"id":34670,"date":"2023-06-20T04:45:35","date_gmt":"2023-06-20T09:45:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=34670"},"modified":"2023-06-21T07:05:17","modified_gmt":"2023-06-21T12:05:17","slug":"lazlar-tarihleri-kultur-ve-sosyal-yasamlari-sunum-notlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/lazlar-tarihleri-kultur-ve-sosyal-yasamlari-sunum-notlari\/","title":{"rendered":"LAZLAR: TAR\u0130HLER\u0130- K\u00dcLT\u00dcR VE SOSYAL YA\u015eAMLARI (SUNUM NOTLARI)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u00c7are vudzirat ham \u00e7kuni derdis
\n\u00c7kun Lazepe, Lazi voret
\n\u00c7kar miti\u015f kyole va voret\u201d
\n(\u0130skender Tzita\u015fi)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c…\u00a0 Ve \u00e7ok uzak
\n\u00e7ok uzaklardaki \u0130stanbul liman\u0131nda
\ngecenin bu ge\u00e7 vakitlerinde
\nka\u00e7ak sil\u00e2h ve asker ceketi y\u00fckleyen Laz\u00a0 t a k a l a r \u0131
\nh\u00fcrriyet ve \u00fcmit
\nsu ve r\u00fczg\u00e2rd\u0131lar…\u201d
\n(Naz\u0131m Hikmet)<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00d6N A\u00c7IKLAMA <\/strong><\/p>\n

23 Nisan 1920\u2019nin y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc olan b\u00f6ylesi anlaml\u0131 bir g\u00fcnde, burada sizlerle olmaktan son derece mutluyum. Burada bulunan b\u00fct\u00fcn misafirlerimize sayg\u0131 ve sevgilerimi sunuyorum. Te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim. Ho\u015f geldiniz.<\/p>\n

Sunumuma ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce i\u00e7inizden iki ki\u015fiye, Demir (Ak\u0131n) Bey\u2019e ve \u015eevket (\u00c7orbac\u0131o\u011flu) Bey\u2019e te\u015fekk\u00fcrlerimi sunmak istiyorum. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar bug\u00fcnk\u00fc toplant\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n mimarlar\u0131. Bir di\u011fer dostum Yusuf (Bulut) Bey\u2019e de sel\u00e2mlar\u0131m\u0131 iletiyorum. Kendisi de bana bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmamda moral destek verdi. Asker Arkada\u015f\u0131m Ahmet T\u00fcmer de burada. 30 y\u0131l sonra onu da dostlu\u011fu i\u00e7in sel\u00e2ml\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

Toplant\u0131m\u0131z, e\u011fer her \u015fey yolunda giderse, \u00a0\u00fc\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015facak. \u0130lk b\u00f6l\u00fcmde Lazlar\u0131n tarihine ili\u015fkin bir sunum yapaca\u011f\u0131m. Takdir edersiniz ki, kimi kaynaklara g\u00f6re, 5000 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fi olan bir milleti de\u011fil bir saatlik oturumda, y\u00fczlerce oturumda bir ki\u015finin anlatmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Bu sebeple, tarihteki baz\u0131 olay ve ki\u015filer \u00fczerinden sizlere bilgi vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m. Bunu kronolojik bir s\u0131ra ile yapmaya gayret g\u00f6sterece\u011fim. Hi\u00e7 ku\u015fkusuz, Lazlar\u0131n tarihsel olarak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 co\u011frafyaya de Laz diline de k\u0131saca de\u011finece\u011fim. Do\u011frusunu isterseniz, haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 geldim, ancak yine de bana tavr\u0131n\u0131z ve sorular\u0131n\u0131z yol g\u00f6sterecek.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

E\u011fer bu konu\u015fma metnime ve kaynak eserlere ula\u015fmak isteyenler olursa, benimle ba\u011flant\u0131 kurabilirler. Yaz\u0131\u015fma adresim \u015f\u00f6yle: aksamaz@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu sunumumda herkesin do\u011frudan kolayl\u0131kla ula\u015fabilece\u011fi kaynaklara dayanarak aktarmalarda bulunaca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Bir de uyar\u0131da bulunmak istiyorum: Baz\u0131 co\u011fraf\u00ee terimler bug\u00fcnk\u00fc kapsad\u0131klar\u0131 anlam ile alg\u0131lanmamal\u0131. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Laz denildi\u011finde bunun hem Laz\u0131 ve Megreli kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da bilmeliyiz. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Egrisi denildi\u011finde Lazika anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131.Yanl\u0131z bu sunum i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylemiyorum, tabi.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk kitab\u0131m 1997 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cKafkasyadan Karadenize Lazlar\u0131n Tarihsel Yolculu\u011fu\u201d ad\u0131yla \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u00c7iviyaz\u0131lar\u0131 Yay\u0131nevinden yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 20 y\u0131l oluyor. Bu ad\u0131 kitab\u0131m\u0131 yay\u0131mlayan \u00d6zcan \u00a0(Sapan) Bey vermi\u015fti. Her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn yeni kaynak ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da bilgilere ula\u015ft\u0131m. Hatta bu sunumuma haz\u0131rlan\u0131rken bile ilk defa ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m kaynaklar oldu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla buradaki sunumumda baz\u0131 yeni bilgileri de k\u0131saca sizinle payla\u015faca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Yaln\u0131zca bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yaparken de\u011fil, bundan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce de tespit etti\u011fim \u00f6nemli bir bilgiyi sizlerle \u015fimdiden payla\u015fmak isterim. Bu \u00f6nemli bir tespit: Lazlar, vatansever insanlar. Bazlar\u0131 bu vatanseverliklerini pek bilinmez. Bunun \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli sebepleri vard\u0131r. \u015eimdi bu sebeplere girmek istemiyorum. Lazlar\u0131n ne kadar vatansever olduklar\u0131n\u0131, ne yaz\u0131k ki yerli kaynaklar de\u011fil ancak yabanc\u0131 kaynaklar aktar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

1828- 1829 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015flar\u0131nda olsun, 93 Harbi diye bilinen 1877- 1878 Osmanl\u0131 Rus Sava\u015flar\u0131nda olsun, Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn sava\u015f ve cephelerde olsun Lazlar\u0131n vatanseverliklerinden d\u00fc\u015fman kaynaklar\u0131 bile bahseder. En son olarak Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131nda,\u00a0 Lazlar vatanseverlikler g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk Dilinin B\u00fcy\u00fck \u015eairlerinden Naz\u0131m Hikmet, \u201cArhaveli \u0130smail\u201din \u015fahs\u0131nda Lazlar\u0131n, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131na katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 onurland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, 1 May\u0131s 1920 tarihinde Birinci Mecliste yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu\u015fmas\u0131nda Lazlar\u0131n da ad\u0131n\u0131 anarak Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca T\u00fcrklerin, K\u00fcrtlerin ve \u00c7erkeslerin hak ve hukuklar\u0131n\u0131 savunmak i\u00e7in de\u011fil Lazlar\u0131n da, di\u011ferlerinin de \u00a0hak ve hukuklar\u0131n\u0131 savunmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yaln\u0131zca Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131nda de\u011fil Cumhuriyetin kurulu\u015funda ve k\u00f6kle\u015fmesinde de Laz ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00e7aba harcam\u0131\u015flar ve fedak\u00e2rl\u0131klarda bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Siyaset, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, sanat, ticaret, bas\u0131n, hayat\u0131n her alan\u0131nda Laz ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 katk\u0131 sunmu\u015flar ve ortak vatan duygusuna var g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle destek olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zetle, Lazlar; vatansever ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fmadan, karde\u015fle\u015fmeden ve T\u00fcrkiyenin birlik ve b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden yana demokrat ruhlu insanlard\u0131r. Do\u011faya ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ve do\u011faya sahip \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131 da bu ruhlar\u0131n\u0131n bir d\u0131\u015fa vurumudur. Laz ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 son 25 y\u0131ld\u0131r, kapitalizmin t\u00f6rp\u00fcledi\u011fi anadilleri olan Lazcaya sahip \u00e7\u0131kma gayretleri de bu demokrat ruhlar\u0131n\u0131n bir ba\u015fka \u015fekilde d\u0131\u015fa vurumundan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

G\u0130R\u0130\u015e\/ TAKS\u0130MDE SOKAK R\u00d6PORTAJI VE \u201cFESL\u0130 DEL\u0130 KAD\u0130R\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Asabi Gazetesinde 20.12.1997 tarihinde \u00e7\u0131kan bir f\u0131kra ile ba\u015flamak istiyorum:
\n\u201cGarson:
\n– Buras\u0131 canl\u0131 beyin lokantas\u0131. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc beyin var efendim! En pahal\u0131s\u0131 da Laz beyni!
\nM\u00fc\u015fteri:
\n– Aa! Neden o?
\nGarson:
\n-\u0130ki Laz kesiyorsun, bir beyin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor!\u201d<\/p>\n

Lazlar\u0131n bu s\u00f6z\u00fcm ona f\u0131kradaki gibi olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 hem tarih hem de ger\u00e7ekler ispatl\u0131yor. Bu konuda Rahmetli Av. \u015eehzat Bey (Ayartepe), \u201cLazlar\u0131n Tarih\u00e7esi\u201d, ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalesiyle \u201cKaradeniz Haber\u201d adl\u0131 gazetede cevap veriyordu (1. 12. 1976)<\/p>\n

\u0130stanbul\u2019da yap\u0131lan bir sokak r\u00f6portaj\u0131 g\u00fczel bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 olacak. Facebook\u2019taki\u00a0 \u201cLazuri Academy\u201d adl\u0131 sayfada g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. \u00a0M\u00fccahit Bey (\u00d6zt\u00fcrk), daha do\u011frusu Laz Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smail (Avc\u0131) Bey\u2019in bir \u00f6\u011frencisi, \u00e7ok g\u00fczel bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yapm\u0131\u015f. Eline mikrofonu alm\u0131\u015f. \u0130nsanlara soruyor. Bir arkada\u015f\u0131 da kameraya \u00e7ekmi\u015f. Tavsiye ederim sizler de izleyin. Konumuzla ilgili sorular. Bilgi \u00dcniversitesinde \u00f6\u011frenci olan M\u00fccahit Bey sorular soruyor: \u201cLaz deyince akl\u0131n\u0131za ne geliyor?\u201d, \u201cLazlar nerede ya\u015far?\u201d, \u201cLazca bir dil mi \u015five mi?\u201d, \u201cLazlar\u0131 tarif edebilir misiniz?\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"
M\u00fccahit ( \u00d6zt\u00fcrk) Bey\u2019in sorular\u0131na hi\u00e7 kimse do\u011fru cevab\u0131 veremiyor<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Hakan Co\u015fkun, H\u00fcrriyet Gazetesinde 20 A\u011fustos 2015 tarihinde yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 makalesinde \u201cFesli Deli Kadir\u201d dedi\u011fi Kadir M\u0131s\u0131ro\u011flu, Youtube\u2019e\u00a0 \u201cLazlar T\u00fcrk M\u00fc? De\u011fil Mi? Ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir videoda Lazlar\u0131n seceresini akl\u0131nca \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131veriyor: \u201cLazlar, Lezgiden bozmad\u0131r!\u201d Hat\u0131rlayacaks\u0131n\u0131z ayn\u0131 Kadir M\u0131s\u0131ro\u011flu, Shakespeare\u2019in asl\u0131nda \u201c\u015eeykh Pir\u201d oldu\u011funu da il\u00e2n eden ki\u015fidir. MHP lideri Devlet Bah\u00e7eli\u2019den bile tepki g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

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Kendi \u00e7ap\u0131nda Cumhuriyetin kimi kazan\u0131mlar\u0131yla da bir hesapla\u015fmaya girmi\u015f olan Kadir M\u0131s\u0131ro\u011flu, bir\u00e7ok konuda oldu\u011fu gibi Lazlar konusunda da yanl\u0131\u015f bilgi veriyor. Bunu bu konudaki bilgisizli\u011finden mi yoksa sapt\u0131rma maksad\u0131yla m\u0131 yap\u0131yor, bunu bilemiyorum. Osmanl\u0131ca kaynaklara s\u0131kl\u0131kla ba\u015fvurmay\u0131 bir al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k haline getirmi\u015f olan Kadir M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131o\u011flu\u2019nun \u015eemseddin Sami\u2019nin \u201cKamus- ul alam\u201d adl\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc eserini g\u00f6rmezlikten geldi\u011fine de dikkat \u00e7ekmekle yetiniyorum.<\/p>\n

KISACA LAZLAR VE LAZCA<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Lazlar\u0131n tarihsel ve toplu olarak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 co\u011frafyaya bir g\u00f6z atacak olursak: Lazlar; g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ile G\u00fcrcistan Cumhuriyeti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan Do\u011fu Karadeniz ve G\u00fcney Bat\u0131 Kafkasya co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n en eski ve yerli halklar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Lazlar; Megreller, G\u00fcrc\u00fcler, Svanlar ile akrabad\u0131r.\u00a0 Lazlar\u0131n en yak\u0131n akrabalar\u0131 olan Megreller (\u2018H\u0131ristiyan Lazlar\u2019) g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde G\u00fcrcistan, Abkhazya ve Rusya Federasyonu\u2019nda ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ok az say\u0131da da olsa M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Laz Abkhazya\u2019da ve Rusya Federasyonu\u2019nda ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye Lazlar\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman,\u00a0 G\u00fcrcistan Lazlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu Ortodoks H\u0131ristiyand\u0131r. Abkhazya Lazlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu ise M\u00fcsl\u00fcmand\u0131r. Lazlar\u0131n en yak\u0131n akrabalar\u0131 olan Megreller Ortodoks H\u0131ristiyand\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Laz ve Megrelleri eski Kolkhlar\u0131n torunlar\u0131 olarak da an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Lazca, G\u00fcney Bat\u0131 Kafkasya Dil Ailesi i\u00e7inde yer al\u0131r. Bu dil ailesi i\u00e7inde Lazcan\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Megrelce, G\u00fcrc\u00fcce ve Svanca da yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu diller ayn\u0131 dil ailesinde yer almas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, yaln\u0131zca Lazca ve Megrelce konu\u015fanlar aras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 birbirlerini anlama s\u00f6z konusudur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Lazca ve Megrelce, eski Kolkh Dilinin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki temsilcileri olarak da an\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Laz ayd\u0131n\u0131 Hopal\u0131 Faik Efendinin, 19. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n 70\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131nda Arap Alfabesi \u00fczerinden bir Laz Alfabesini Osmanl\u0131 Devleti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde olu\u015fturdu\u011fu ve Lazcay\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir dil haline getirme \u00e7abalar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u015e\u0130MD\u0130L\u0130K ULA\u015eILAB\u0130LEN KAYNAKLARDA LAZLAR- MEGRELLER<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Tarih\u2019in Babas\u0131 diye an\u0131lan Heredot\u2019un tarih kitab\u0131 da Kolkhlar ve onlar\u0131n akrabalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi aktarmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca M.\u00d6. 3. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Rodoslu Apollonius,\u00a0 \u201cArgo\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde Lazlar\u0131n ve Megrellerin ortak atalar\u0131 olan Kolkhlar\u0131n vatan\u0131 olan Kolkheti ve Kolkhlar\u0131n ya\u015famlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda da bilgi vermektedir. Argonotlar, yani \u201cArgo\u201d adl\u0131 geminin m\u00fcrettebat\u0131 Kolkheti\u2019ye giderler. Ama\u00e7lar\u0131 \u201cAlt\u0131n Post\u201du, yani Lazcas\u0131yla \u201cOrko\u015fi Tkebi\u201d, ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in giderler. \u201cAlt\u0131n Post\u201d burada bir sembold\u00fcr. Ama\u00e7 Kolkheti\u2019ye y\u00f6netimleri alt\u0131na almakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Homeros da \u201cOdyssesia\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde Kolkheti\u2019yi kral Ayetes\u2019in \u00fclkesi diye anmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da yap\u0131lan bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve kaz\u0131lar Kolkheti\u2019nin de i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgenin \u201cTa\u015f Devri\u201dnden beri insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam alan\u0131 oldu\u011funu ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim Meleni Sarpi, yani Acaristan, G\u00fcrcistan Sarpi K\u00f6y\u00fcnde bir \u201cLaz Etnografya M\u00fczesi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu m\u00fczede insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilk d\u00f6neminden bu yana kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 aletler ve di\u011fer e\u015fyalar ya buluntu ya da yeniden \u00fcretim olarak sergilenmektedir. Hem Meleni Sarpi M\u00fczesinde ve hem de Arhavi\u2019nin Kamparna\/ Dikyama\u00e7 K\u00f6y\u00fc M\u00fczesinde sergilenen eserler Lazlar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki sosyal ya\u015famlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda geni\u015f bilgiler vermektedir.<\/p>\n

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Ayr\u0131ca; H\u0131ristiyan Lazlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n Samargalo\/ Samegrelo b\u00f6lgesindeki \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de s\u00fcren arkeolojik kaz\u0131larla Laz ve Megrellerin atalar\u0131 Kolkhlara ait buluntulara rastlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Amasyal\u0131 Strabon ve Bizansl\u0131 Saidas da Kolkheti\u2019nin zengin alt\u0131n reservlerine dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir.<\/p>\n

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Lazlardan \u201cLaz\u201d ad\u0131yla ilk kez bahseden bug\u00fcn ula\u015fabildi\u011fimiz kaynaklara g\u00f6re 1. y\u00fczy\u0131l tarih\u00e7isi Plinius olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

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Arrianus, Ptolemeus, Priskos, Belisarius, Prokopius, Agathias, Menandros, Theophanes gibi bir\u00e7ok yazar Lazlardan, Lazlar\u0131n kom\u015fular\u0131 ve Roma\/ Bizans ve Pers devletleriyle olan ili\u015fkilerinden bahsetmektedir.<\/p>\n

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LAZLAR; PAGANLIK,\u00a0 HIRIST\u0130YANLIK VE M\u00dcSL\u00dcMANLIK <\/strong><\/p>\n

1461 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Trabzon krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeleriyle birlikte Trabzon\u2019un do\u011fusundaki Lazlar da bundan etkilendi. \u00d6nceden Pagan\/ \u015eaman, sonra H\u0131ristiyan olan Lazlar\u0131n da M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015fma s\u00fcreci ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu. Bu konuda \u00e7e\u015fitli iddialar bulunmaktad\u0131r. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015fma s\u00fcreci kimi kaynak ve aktar\u0131mlara g\u00f6re kanl\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Kimi kaynaklar ise, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015fman\u0131n s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi belirtilmektedir. Bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli eseri bizlere kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131- yazar \u0130rfan (\u00c7a\u011fatay) Bey\u2019in \u201cLazoba\u201d adl\u0131 internet blogunda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 makalesi bu konuda \u00f6nemli veriler i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n

Ku\u015fkusuz yeni \u00e7\u0131kan bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Lazlar\u0131n H\u0131ristiyan ge\u00e7mi\u015flerine ili\u015fkin yeni verilere de ula\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Lazuri Teksebi ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan kitaba g\u00f6re; 12 May\u0131s G\u00fcrcistan Kilisesi taraf\u0131ndan \u201cLaz Azizler G\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d olarak kabul edilmi\u015f ve bir de ikon haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn, 18. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flar\u0131 kesilen 300 Laz\u2019a adanm\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. Lazlar, 331 y\u0131l\u0131nda H\u0131ristayan olmu\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Ben de G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da duydu\u011fum bir c\u00fcmleyi aktar\u0131p bahsi kapatmak isterim: \u201cGyurcepek fermaniten goyktes Kristiayanoba\u015fen hama Lazepek kili\u00e7iten goyktes kristiyanoba\u015fen.\u201d<\/p>\n

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OSMANLI DEVLET\u0130N\u0130N \u0130DAR\u00ce B\u0130R B\u0130R\u0130M\u0130 OLARAK LAZ\u0130STAN SANCA\u011eI<\/strong><\/p>\n

1204’te kurulan ve 1461’e kadar ya\u015fayan Lazia Temas\u0131, b\u00f6lgenin Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimine girmesinden sonra da de\u011fi\u015fik bir adla devam etti. 1519’da Trabzon, Batum’un da dahil edilmesiyle ayr\u0131 bir eyalet haline getirildi. Bu b\u00f6lgeyi 1640’ta dola\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan Evliya \u00c7elebi, eyaletin be\u015f sanca\u011f\u0131 bulundu\u011funu yazar: Canik, Trabzon, G\u00f6nye (Gonio), A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Batum ve Yukar\u0131 Batum. Lazistan Sanca\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n merkezi G\u00f6nye idi. Kazalar\u0131 ise, Atina, Sumla, Vi\u00e7e ve Arhavi idi. Koch, 15 Laz derebeyli\u011fi sayar: Atina (Pazar, iki), Bulep, Arte\u015fin, Vi\u00e7e, Kapiste, Arhavi, Kisse, Hopa, Makrial, Gonio, Batum, Maradit, Perlevan ve \u00c7at derebeylikleri.<\/p>\n

Acara b\u00f6lgesi… A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Guria ile birlikte 1851’de, yeni kurulmu\u015f olan Lazistan sanca\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fland\u0131.1877-1878 (93) Osmanl\u0131-Rus Harbi sonucu, Batum’un Ruslar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mesiyle birlikte, Lazistan Sanca\u011f\u0131’n\u0131n merkezi Rize’ye ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Lazlar Osmanl\u0131 Devletine her zaman sadakat g\u00f6sterirler. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Lazlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fclkeye olan ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ve vatan savunmas\u0131ndaki vatanseverlikleri tamd\u0131r. Olu\u015fturduklar\u0131 g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc te\u015fkil\u00e2tlarla \u00c7arl\u0131k ordular\u0131na gerilla sava\u015f\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131 koydular.\u00a0 Ancak Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin, \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki her yenilgisi, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Lazlar\u0131 kitlesel g\u00f6\u00e7lerle y\u00fcz y\u00fcze b\u0131rakt\u0131. 1828- 1829 Osmanl\u0131- Rus Sava\u015f\u0131ndan ba\u015flamak \u00fczere, 1877- 1878 Osmanl\u0131- Rus Sava\u015flar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131 ve sonras\u0131nda da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Lazlar\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 Devleti topraklar\u0131na kitlesel olarak g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz. Bu g\u00f6\u00e7lerin sebepleri din\u00ee idi. B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya\u2019n\u0131n Batum Konsolosu 1878- 1882 aras\u0131nda y\u00f6reden 80.000 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Laz\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7 etti\u011fini yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Batum\u2019un sava\u015f tazminat\u0131 olarak \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131na verilmesine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman G\u00fcrc\u00fc ve Lazlar\u0131n\u00a0 o d\u00f6nem\u00a0 Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin m\u00fcttefi\u011fi olan B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya nezdinde giri\u015fimlerde bulunurlar. Batum\u2019un \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131na verilmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Lazlar\u0131n tavr\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 Ahmet Tevfik de dile getiriyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130Z KIRAKAN \u00d6NC\u00dc LAZLAR <\/strong><\/p>\n

Lazlardan uluslararas\u0131 \u00fcne sahip bir\u00e7ok yazar, \u00e7izer, sanat\u00e7\u0131, i\u015fadam\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6nderi, siyaset ve devlet adam\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n adlar\u0131n\u0131 muhakkak biliyorsunuzdur. Bunlar i\u00e7inden be\u015f tanesi \u00fczerinde durmak istiyorum. Bu insanlar yaln\u0131zca ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fclkeye, Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ve T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ve insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in de\u011fil, Laz Kimli\u011finin ya\u015famas\u0131 ve emek m\u00fccadelesi i\u00e7in de \u00f6nemli katk\u0131lar sunmu\u015flard\u0131r: Hopal\u0131 Faik Efendi, \u0130skender Tzita\u015fi, Ahmet Tevfik Y\u00fccesoy Top\u00e7i\u015fi Osmani ve Safiye Top\u00e7uo\u011flu\u2019dur. E\u011fer bu ki\u015filer hakk\u0131nda sorular olursa, bildi\u011fim kadar\u0131yla bilgi vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilirim.<\/p>\n

HOPALI FA\u0130K EFEND\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bilim adam\u0131 Niko Marr, 1910 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Lazistan\u0131\u2019na dilbilim \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in gitti\u011finde, kendisiyle tan\u0131\u015fan Laz ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 \u0131srarla ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131n\u0131n Laz Dili Grameri oldu\u011funu, b\u00f6yle bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yabanc\u0131 dilde de olsa T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evirerek yararlanabileceklerini belirtmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Niko Marr, alan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda Faik Efendi ad\u0131nda, bir Laz ayd\u0131n\u0131yla tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Faik Efendi\u2019nin Sultan Abd\u00fclhamid d\u00f6neminde Lazca Alfabe olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in giri\u015fimlerde bulundu\u011funu, bu \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netim taraf\u0131ndan ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Faik Efendi\u2019nin tutuklanarak zindana at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131n ate\u015fe verildi\u011fini yazar.<\/p>\n

Lazlar\u0131n bu d\u00f6nemdeki kimlik m\u00fccadelelerine ili\u015fkin olarak Rahmetli Cumhur bey de (Odaba\u015fo\u011flu) bilgiler vermektedir: \u0130stanbul\u2019da yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen Tuta do Muruntsxi (=Ay ve Y\u0131ld\u0131z) ve \u201cLaz\u0131m\u201d isimli dergiler ise hen\u00fcz n\u00fcshalar\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lamayan yay\u0131nlardan.<\/p>\n

\u015eu an itibar\u0131yla Hopal\u0131 Faik Efendi ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda fazlaca bir bilgiye sahip de\u011filiz. Ancak her an s\u00fcrpriz bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir. \u0130rfan Bey\u2019in bu konulara kafa yordu\u011funu biliyorum.<\/p>\n

\u0130SKENDER TZ\u0130TA\u015e\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0130skender Tzita\u015fi\u2019ye ili\u015fkin bilgilerimiz Hopal\u0131 Faik Efendi\u2019ye ili\u015fkin bilgilerimizden daha fazla. \u0130rfan Bey\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kitap olarak da Laz K\u00fclt\u00fcr Derne\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, \u0130skender Tzita\u015fi hakk\u0131nda daha do\u011fru bilgilere sahip olmam\u0131za katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130skender Tzita\u015fi, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi Lazlar\u0131 halk \u00f6nderidir. (1904- 22 Haziran 1938)<\/p>\n

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TOP\u00c7\u0130\u015e\u0130 OSMAN\u0130<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Osman Top\u00e7uo\u011flu, Pazar\u2019\u0131n Elmal\u0131 k\u00f6y\u00fcnden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131na giden, ekmek f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 usta pi\u015firicisi ve hamurk\u00e2rlar\u0131ndan Ali ustan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7ocu\u011fundan ilkidir. Stavropol\u2019da do\u011fdu. Yat\u0131l\u0131 okulda okudu. Piyoner ve komsomol oldu. Osman Top\u00e7uo\u011flu, Rusya\u2019daki eski esir Osmanl\u0131 tebaas\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman askerler aras\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steren Bol\u015fevik kadrolardand\u0131. 14 Temmuz 1919’da ilk TKF kurucu komitesi olu\u015fturuldu. Bu kurucu komitesinde \u015fu kimseler bulunuyordu: Mustafa Suphi, Maksut Ek\u015fi, Ali R\u0131za Keskin, Osman Top\u00e7uo\u011flu, Mustafa B\u00f6rkl\u00fcce, Murat Sar\u0131, Kadir Erzurumlu. Osman Top\u00e7uo\u011flu, baz\u0131 yolda\u015flar\u0131 ile birlikte Anadolu ve \u0130stanbul\u2019u kar\u0131\u015f kar\u0131\u015f dola\u015ft\u0131. \u0130stanbul ve Anadolu\u2019da faaliyet g\u00f6steren \u00e7e\u015fitli sosyalist gruplar, sendikalar ve \u00f6nc\u00fc i\u015f\u00e7ilerle ba\u011flant\u0131 kurdu. \u00d6rg\u00fctlenme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131. Onlar\u0131, TKF\u2019nin kurulu\u015funa davet etti. Bunun sonucu olarak 10 Eyl\u00fcl 1920\u2019de 75 delegenin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve sosyalist gruplar\u0131n bir \u00e7at\u0131 alt\u0131nda topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 1. Kongre ile TKF kuruldu. Ne var ki, Osman Top\u00e7uo\u011flu, 1921 y\u0131l\u0131nda Stavropol kenti devlet hastanesinde vefat etti.<\/p>\n

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SAF\u0130YE TOP\u00c7UO\u011eLU<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Safiye Top\u00e7uo\u011flu, Pazar\u2019\u0131n Elmal\u0131 k\u00f6y\u00fcnden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusya\u2019s\u0131na giden, ekmek f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 usta pi\u015firicisi ve hamurk\u00e2rlar\u0131ndan Ali Ustan\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131ndand\u0131r. 1909\u2019de Rusya\u2019n\u0131n Stavropol kentinde do\u011fdu. Yat\u0131l\u0131 okulda okudu. Okudu\u011fu okulda piyoner ve komsomol oldu. Kendisinden \u00f6nce Sovyetler Birli\u011finden gelmi\u015f olan a\u011fabeyi \u0130brahim Top\u00e7uo\u011flu ve babas\u0131 Ali Top\u00e7uo\u011flu ile birlikte \u0130zmir\u2019e yerle\u015fti. Safiye Top\u00e7uo\u011flu, 1932\u2019de TKF kongresine \u0130zmir delegesi oldu ve merkez komitesi asil \u00fcyeli\u011fine se\u00e7ildi, y\u00fcr\u00fctme komitesinde g\u00f6rev verildi. Sendikalist aktiviteleri sebebi ile tutuklanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlay\u0131nca yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 1936\u2019da \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Rum Okulu \u00f6\u011fretmenlerinden Re\u015fit Mente\u015fo\u011flu ile evlendi. 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye Sosyalist Partisine militanlar\u0131n\u0131 verdi. \u201cGer\u00e7ek\u201d gazetesini \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. E\u015fi vefat edince, ikinci e\u015fi Medet Aslan ile evlendi. Medet Aslan, 1975 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda vefat etti. 19 Kas\u0131m 1975 tarihinde sol taraf\u0131ndan fel\u00e7 olan Safiye Top\u00e7uo\u011flu, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Cerrahpa\u015fa T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi N\u00f6roloji Klini\u011finde ve Bulgar Hastanesinde tedavi g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Sonra \u0130zmir\u2019e g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. 21 \u015eubat 1976\u2019da vefat etti. Cenazesi, 22 \u015eubat 1976 g\u00fcn\u00fc, karde\u015f ve dostlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Tepecik camiinde d\u00fczenlenen din\u00ee t\u00f6renden sonra \u0130zmir\u2019de topra\u011fa verildi.<\/p>\n

AHMET TEVF\u0130K Y\u00dcCESOY (B\u00fcy\u00fck Hasan R\u0131za Pa\u015fa Z\u00e2de) (1876-1959)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0130rfan Bey,\u00a0 Ahmet Tevfik Bey\u2019in Osmanl\u0131ca bir risalesini g\u00fcn y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f ve yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kitap Lazi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ahmet Tevfik Bey\u2019in bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Lazlar\u0131n ve<\/p>\n

Laz ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n vatanseverliklerinin bir tescili \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Ahmet Tevfik Bey, Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lma d\u00f6nemindeki tehlikelere dikkat \u00e7ekmi\u015f, ancak Laz kimlik m\u00fccadelesini de elden b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ek bir ayd\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

SON B\u0130RKA\u00c7 S\u00d6Z<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Lazlar, gerek tarihsel olarak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 topraklarda gerekse de ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri her yerde hem ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fclkeye sad\u0131k kalm\u0131\u015f hem de kendi kimliklerini ve dillerini ya\u015fatma \u00e7abas\u0131nda olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1993 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131ndan ba\u015flamak \u00fczere Laz ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 kurumsal anlamda, entegrasyon ve asimilasyonun etkilerine kar\u015f\u0131 bir duru\u015f sergilemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. Asl\u0131nda bu Kapitalizmin kendisine yabanc\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma, yaln\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rma ve yok etme s\u00fcrecine kar\u015f\u0131 bir duru\u015ftur. Ayn\u0131 do\u011fa tahribat\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 duru\u015f gibi. \u0130nsan\u0131n, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011faya sahip \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi gibi atalar\u0131n\u0131 ve kendisini bu do\u011fa i\u00e7inde var eden ileti\u015fimin dili olan Lazcay\u0131 da ya\u015fatmas\u0131 ve gelece\u011fe ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 da bir elman\u0131n iki yar\u0131s\u0131 gibidir.<\/p>\n

1993\u2019de \u201cOgni K\u00fclt\u00fcr Dergisi\u201d ile ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7 devam etmektedir. Kocaeli\u2019de kurulmu\u015f olan Sima Laz Vakf\u0131, \u0130stanbul\u2019da kurulmu\u015f olan Laz K\u00fclt\u00fcr Derne\u011fi, Ankara\u2019da kurulmu\u015f olan Laz K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Dayan\u0131\u015fma Derne\u011fi, Arhabi \u00c7kuni Berepe Derne\u011fi, Laz Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, Antalya Laz K\u00fclt\u00fcr Derne\u011fi, Karab\u00fck Laz K\u00fclt\u00fcr Derne\u011fi, \u00a0www.kolkhoba.org<\/a>, Lazca A\u011fani Murutskhi Gazetesi, \u0130nternet \u00fczerinden yay\u0131n yapan Gazeta No\u011fa hem T\u00fcrkiyenin demokrasi m\u00fccadelesine hem de Laz kimli\u011finin ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00e7abalard\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u00e7abalarda tuzu olanlardan ya\u015fayanlara sevgilerimi iletirim. Vefat edenlere de Y\u00fcce Yaradandan rahmet dilerim.<\/p>\n

Ben sunumumu burada bitiriyorum. E\u011fer sormak istedi\u011finiz sorular varsa veya katk\u0131 sunmak isterseniz, ben sizi dinleyeyim.<\/p>\n

Beni dinledi\u011finiz i\u00e7in te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederim.<\/p>\n

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(23 IV 2017, Artvin Kalk\u0131nma ve Hizmet Vakf\u0131, Dikme, Ankara\/ Foto\u011fraflar: Rasim Y\u0131lmaz)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

FAYDALI KAYNAKLAR
\n<\/strong>– Ahmet Tevfik (B\u00fcy\u00fck Hasan R\u0131za Pa\u015fa Z\u00e2de), \u201cSevgili Vatanda\u015flar\u0131m Lazlara Ric\u00e2-y\u0131 Mahs\u00fbsum ve T\u00e2rihten \u015e\u00e2nl\u0131 \u0130ki Sah\u00eefe\u201d (Haz\u0131rlayan: \u0130rfan \u00c7a\u011fatay), Lazi K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1. Bask\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2014.
\n– Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cDo\u011fu Karadenizde Resm\u00ee \u0130deolojiler Ku\u015fatmas\u0131\u201d, 2. Bask\u0131, Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2011, \u0130stanbul.
\n– Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cLazlar\u201d, 2. Bask\u0131, Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2014, \u0130stanbul.
\n– Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz,\u00a0 \u201cLaz Dili Temel Dersleri\u201d, Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131,\u00a0 2. Bask\u0131, 2016, \u0130stanbul.
\n– Andrew Mango, \u201cAtat\u00fcrk and the Kurds,\u201d Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 35, No. 4, (1999)
\n( \u00c7eviren: Hilal B\u0131\u00e7ak),\u00a0 Adnan Menderes \u00dcniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Dergisi,\u00a0 Say\u0131: 4.
\n– Bedri Habi\u00e7o\u011flu, \u201cKafkasyadan Anadoluya G\u00f6\u00e7ler\u201d, Nart Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1993.
\n– Cumhur Odaba\u015fo\u011flu, \u201cTrabzon Do\u011fu Karadeniz Gazete ve\u00a0 Mecmualar\u0131, 1869-1928\u201d, s.13, Trabzon, 1987.
\n– Eric Lohr, Russian Citizensip From Empire To Soviet Union (Report by vice concul Peacock on Batoum and Its Future Prospect, April 8, 1882 in Adjara and The Russian Empire), Harvard University Press, England, 2012.
\n– Georges Dum\u00e9zil, \u201cContes Lazes, Institut d\u2019\u00e9thnologie, Paris, 1937.
\nGeorges Dum\u00e9zil,\u00a0 \u201cDocuments Anatoliens Sur Les Langues et Les Traditions Du Caucase, IV : R\u00e9cits Lazes en Dialecte d’Arhavi (Parler du \u015eenk\u00f6y)\u201d, Paris, 1967.
\n– https:\/\/www.tbmm.gov.tr\/TBMM_Album\/Cilt1\/index.html
\n-\u201c\u0130skender Tzita\u015fi\u2019den Mektuplar\/ Sovyet D\u00f6nemi- K\u0131z\u0131l Lazistan- Laz Okullar\u0131\u201d (\u00c7eviren: Eren M\u00fch\u00fcrc\u00fc), Lazika Yay\u0131n Kollektifi, 1. Bask\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2014.
\n-\u0130 smail Ayd\u0131n,\u00a0 \u201cSiyas\u00ee Parti ve H\u00fck\u00fcmet Programlar\u0131nda E\u011fitim- \u00d6\u011fretim & \u00d6\u011fretmenler (1908- 1997), E\u011fitim Sen Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara.
\n– M. \u015eevket Eygi, \u201c\u0130sl\u00e2ms\u0131z Kurtulu\u015f Olmaz\u201d\u00a0\u00a0 , Mill\u00ee Gazete, 30. 03. 2013.
\n– M. D. Sandwith, The Siege of Kars, London, 1856.
\n– Muhammed Vanili\u015fi, Ali Tandilava, \u201cLazlar\u0131n Tarihi\u201d, Ant Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1992.
\n– Naz\u0131m Hikmet, \u201cMemleketimden \u0130nsan Manzaralar\u0131\u201d, Adam Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Yedinci Bas\u0131m, \u0130stanbul, 1992.
\n– Nilolay Marr, Lazistana Yolculuk (\u00c7evirmen: Yulva Muhurci\u015fi), Aras Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2016.
\n– Nuran Tezcan , \u201cAtat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn Yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yurtta\u015fl\u0131k Bilgileri\u201d, Cumhuriyet Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul, 1997.
\n– Osman Tamtruli, \u201cNananena\/ Anadili\u201d Kaukasus- Verlag, Freudenstadt, Almanya, 1991.
\n– Sami N. \u00d6zerdim, \u201cAtat\u00fcrk Devrimi Kronolojisi\u201d, \u00c7ankaya Belediyesi, Ankara, 1996.
\n– Seha L. Meray, \u201cLozan Bar\u0131\u015f Konferans\u0131 Tutanaklar Belgeler\u201d, Cilt: 1, Kitap: 1, Ankara 1969.
\n– The Sydney Morning Herald, 31 August 1878.
\n– Tea Kalandia, Lazuri Tekstebi, Artanuci, 2008, Tbilisi.
\n– W.E.D. Allen, Paul Muratoff, \u201cKafkas Harek\u00e2t\u0131, 1828- 1921 T\u00fcrk- Kafkas S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki Harplerin Tarihi, Genel Kurmay Bas\u0131mevi, Ankara, 1996.
\n-www.acikerisim.tbmm.gov.tr
\n-www.kolkhoba.org
\n-www.lazebura.com
\n-www.lazuri.com
\nSunum Yeri ve tarihi: Ankara Artvinevi\/ Artvin Kalk\u0131nma ve E\u011fitim Vakf\u0131
\nModerat\u00f6r: Demir Ak\u0131n
\nLazcadan T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye Terc\u00fcman: Kemal \u00d6zb\u0131y\u0131k
\n(23 IV 2017, Artvin Kalk\u0131nma ve Hizmet Vakf\u0131,<\/em>Dikme, Ankara\/ Foto\u011fraflar: Rasim Y\u0131lmaz)<\/em>
\n(\u00d6nerilen okumalar: Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cSovyet Lazlar\u0131 Halk \u00d6nderi \u0130skender Tzita\u015fi ve Solun Ezberini Bozan Mektuplar\u0131\u201d, 5 XII 2012, circassiancenter.com.tr\/ sonhaber.ch\/ gurcuhaber.com; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cYa\u015fas\u0131n 23 Nisan!\u201d, 27 IV 2017, ozgurcerkes.com; Demir Ak\u0131n: \u201cNe Kadar \u00c7ok Dil, O Kadar \u00c7ok Zenginlik!\u201d, 30 XI 2018, circassiancenter.com.tr; Rasim Y\u0131lmaz, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Lazlar\u0131 ve Laz K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u2026\u201d, 19 V 2017, old.08haber.com)<\/p>\n

\u00d6nerilen okumalar<\/strong>:
\n– Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cSovyet Lazlar\u0131 Halk \u00d6nderi \u0130skender Tzita\u015fi ve Solun Ezberini Bozan Mektuplar\u0131\u201d, 5 XII 2012, circassiancenter.com.tr\/ sonhaber.ch\/ gurcuhaber.com;
\n– Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cYa\u015fas\u0131n 23 Nisan!\u201d, 27 IV 2017, ozgurcerkes.com; Demir Ak\u0131n: \u201cNe Kadar \u00c7ok Dil, O Kadar \u00c7ok Zenginlik!\u201d, 30 XI 2018, circassiancenter.com.tr;
\n– Rasim Y\u0131lmaz, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Lazlar\u0131 ve Laz K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u2026\u201d, 19 V 2017, old.08haber.com)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ali İhsan Aksamaz  “Çare vudzirat ham çkuni derdis Çkun Lazepe, Lazi voret Çkar mitiş kyole va voret” (İskender Tzitaşi) “…  Ve çok uzak çok uzaklardaki İstanbul limanında gecenin bu geç vakitlerinde kaçak silâh ve asker ceketi yükleyen Laz  t a k a l a r ı hürriyet ve ümit su ve rüzgârdılar…” (Nazım Hikmet) ÖN […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[135],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yazarlar-ali-ihsan-aksamaz-laz-kulturu","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34670","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34670"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34670\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34709,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34670\/revisions\/34709"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34670"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34670"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34670"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}