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Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz<\/strong><\/p>\n Onlar Suda ve r\u00fczg\u00e2rda ilk deniz<\/em><\/p>\n Yolculu\u011fundan beri vard\u0131lar.<\/em><\/p>\n Tekneleri kestane a\u011fac\u0131ndand\u0131.<\/em><\/p>\n \u00dc\u00e7 tondan on tona kadard\u0131lar<\/em><\/p>\n Ve Latin yelkenlerin alt\u0131nda<\/em><\/p>\n F\u0131nd\u0131k ve t\u00fct\u00fcn getirip<\/em><\/p>\n \u015eeker ve zeytinya\u011f\u0131<\/em><\/p>\n G\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcrlerdi.<\/em><\/p>\n \u2026<\/em><\/p>\n Naz\u0131m Hikmet<\/strong><\/p>\n (1920 Y\u0131l\u0131 ve Hikayei Arheveli \u0130smail)<\/p>\n Lazlardan, \u201cLaz\u201d ad\u0131yla bir etnik topluluk olarak ilk kez bahseden 1. y\u00fczy\u0131l tarih\u00e7isi Plinius olmu\u015ftur. 2.y\u00fczy\u0131l tarih\u00e7isi Arrianus zaman\u0131nda, Lazlar Sohum\u2019dan ba\u015flamak \u00fczere Trabzon\u2019a kadar olan b\u00f6lgede ya\u015famaktayd\u0131. Roma\/ Bizansl\u0131lar\u0131n \u201cLaz\u201d dedikleri insanlara, G\u00fcrc\u00fcler ve Abhaz- Abazalar \u201cMegrel\u201d; Roma\/ Bizansl\u0131lar\u0131n \u201cLazika\u201d dedikleri devletlerine de G\u00fcrc\u00fcler ve Abhaz- Abazalar \u201cEgrisi\u201d der.<\/p>\n Kolheti\/ \u00a0Lazika\/ Egrisi<\/strong><\/p>\n Lazlar\u0131n en eski tarihleri, Kolheti y\u00f6netim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr alan\u0131yla yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkilidir. Kolheti ad\u0131ndan ilk kez, M.\u00d6. 8. y\u00fczy\u0131la ait Urartu Yaz\u0131tlar\u0131\u2019nda bahsedilmi\u015ftir. Kolheti y\u00f6netim alan\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Gagra s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan ba\u015flamak \u00fczere \u00c7oruh yata\u011f\u0131na kadar olan b\u00f6lgeyi kapsamaktayd\u0131. Kolheti K\u00fclt\u00fcr alan\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ise, g\u00fcneyde Karadeniz\u2019i izleyerek Trabzon\u2019a kadar uzanmaktayd\u0131. Kolheti\u2019nin etkinli\u011fi\u2019nin etkinli\u011fi kuzeyde K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019a kadar da ula\u015fmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n Kolheti, Homerik \u00c7a\u011f Greklerinin ilgi alan\u0131yd\u0131. Argonotlar, Karadeniz\u2019i a\u015farak Alt\u0131n Postu ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in Kral Aeetes\u2019in \u00fclkesi Kolheti\u2019ye ayak basm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n Milattan \u00f6ncesine dayanan \u00e7e\u015fitli yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar, g\u00fcney-do\u011fu Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde ya\u015fayan, birbirleriyle kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve Kolheti vadisinde ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n akrabalar\u0131 olan kabileleri zikreder.<\/p>\n M.\u00d6. 1. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kolheti ve Kartli krall\u0131klar\u0131 aras\u0131nda birbirleri \u00fczerinde egemenlik kurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan s\u00fcrekli sava\u015flar ya\u015fand\u0131. Bu sava\u015flar sonunda Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeye asker\u00ee m\u00fcdahalede bulundu.<\/p>\n M.S. 1. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren \u201cKolh\u201d yerine \u201cLaz\u201d ad\u0131yla an\u0131lan Lazlar, \u00f6nce Pontus Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve daha sonra da Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011funa kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131. 69- 79 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Lazlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunan Anicetus, halk\u0131n\u0131 Romal\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 ayakland\u0131rd\u0131. Romal\u0131lar, stratejik bir b\u00f6lge olan Lazika\u2019y\u0131 b\u0131rakmak istemiyordu. Ancak Lazlar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck m\u00fccadelesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Lazika\u2019y\u0131 terk etmek zorunda kald\u0131lar. Lazika giderek g\u00fc\u00e7lendi ve bug\u00fcn Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan olarak bilinen b\u00f6lgede h\u00e2kim oldu.<\/p>\n Lazika\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi, Laz ak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00c7oruh\u2019u a\u015farak g\u00fcney-do\u011fu Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesine de y\u00f6nelmesi ve Lazlar\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgeye kitlesel g\u00f6\u00e7leri, Pontus Kral\u0131 2. Polemon\u2019u tedirgin etti. 2. Polemon, krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Lazlardan koruyabilmek amac\u0131yla h\u00fck\u00fcmetini Romal\u0131lara teslim etti; Roma\u2019n\u0131n bir eyaleti haline geldi.\u00a0 Bu eyalete Pontus Polemonyakos ad\u0131 verildi. Trabzon\u2019un do\u011fusundan \u00c7oruh yata\u011f\u0131na kadar olan b\u00f6lge Lazlar\u0131n yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir b\u00f6lge olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Lazika Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n Dengeler ve Lazika Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n II. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan ba\u015flamak \u00fczere Lazika Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendi ve 4. y\u00fczy\u0131lda y\u00f6netim alan\u0131n\u0131 Trabzon\u2019a kadar geni\u015fletemediyse de etki alan\u0131 i\u00e7ine ald\u0131.<\/p>\n 395 y\u0131l\u0131nda Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ikiye ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Do\u011fu Roma\u2019n\u0131n merkezi Bizans oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, bu imparatorlu\u011fa Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu denildi. Lazika Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi ve geni\u015flemesi de bu d\u00f6neme rast gelmektedir.<\/p>\n Lazika Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, bug\u00fcn Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan olarak bilinen Kolheti\u2019yi iktisad, siyas\u00ee ve asker\u00ee a\u00e7\u0131lardan birle\u015ftirdi. Lazika, bir Bizans vasal\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131 vasallar\u0131 da vard\u0131. Abazgiya, Svaneyta ve ba\u011fl\u0131 di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerinde y\u00f6netimde bulunanlar, Lazika krallar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan atan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n Lazlar ve H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k<\/strong><\/p>\n Lazlar, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bat\u0131l\u0131 bir\u00e7ok toplumdan \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nce kabul etmi\u015flerdir. 6. y\u00fczy\u0131l Bizans tarih\u00e7isi Prokopius, Bizans kral\u0131 Justinian\u2019\u0131n Kud\u00fcs \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fcndeki bir Laz Mabedini tamir ettirdi\u011fini ve Lazlar\u0131n kom\u015fular\u0131na da Papaz g\u00f6nderdiklerini yazmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00c7in ve Hindistan\u2019a Ba\u011flanan Ticaret Yollar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Lazika Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lge, \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir ge\u00e7i\u015f noktas\u0131yd\u0131. \u00c7in ve Hindistan\u2019a ba\u011flanan ticaret yollar\u0131 Lazika\u2019n\u0131n y\u00f6netim alan\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mekteydi. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu b\u00f6lge, Bizans ve Persler i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktayd\u0131. Perslerin, Lazika\u2019y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek istemelerinin di\u011fer bir nedeni de, m\u00fcttefik olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri ve Kafkas \u00f6nlerinde ve Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019daki kavimleri, \u00a0Lazika\u2019y\u0131 bir \u00fcs olarak kullanarak Bizansl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00f6nlendirmek istemeleriydi.<\/p>\n Bizansl\u0131lar\u0131n uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bask\u0131c\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler, Lazika halklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Bizans kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 e\u011filimlerin artmas\u0131na neden oldu. Bu e\u011filimlerin g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi, Persler i\u00e7in bulunmaz bir f\u0131rsatt\u0131. Ancak Lazika kral\u0131 Gubaz, gerek Bizans ve gerekse Persler aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkilerden yararlan\u0131p dengeli bir politika uygulamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak, y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131ndaki halklar\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmelerini \u00f6nlemek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesindeydi. Kral Gubaz\u2019\u0131n Bizans kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 ve Perslerle m\u00fcttefikli\u011fe y\u00f6nelik politikas\u0131, Bizansl\u0131lar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a rahats\u0131z etti ve Lazika\u2019ya b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7leriyle sald\u0131rd\u0131lar. Y\u0131llarca s\u00fcren sava\u015flardan sonra 465\u2019de Bizans ve Lazika aralar\u0131nda anla\u015farak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara son verdiler.<\/p>\n Bizans\u2019\u0131n Lazika\u2019y\u0131 B\u00f6lme S\u00fcreci<\/strong><\/p>\n Lazika krallar\u0131n\u0131n, kendilerine sadakat g\u00f6stermeyeceklerini ve Trabzon\u2019un do\u011fusundaki Laz n\u00fcfusun da, kendileri i\u00e7in ileriye y\u00f6nelik potansiyel bir tehlike oldu\u011funu bilen Bizansl\u0131lar, Lazika Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131ndaki Abhaz- Abaza halklar\u0131n\u0131 ve Svanlar\u0131 Lazika\u2019dan ay\u0131rma planlar\u0131n\u0131 uygulamaya koydular. Bizans\u2019\u0131n amac\u0131, Lazika\u2019n\u0131n etnik ve siyasal etkinli\u011fini k\u0131rarak, bu krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde yok etmekti. Bizanl\u0131lar, gerekti\u011finde de Abhaz- Abaza halklar\u0131n\u0131, Svanlar\u0131 hem Lazlara hem de birbirlerine kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n VIII. y\u00fczy\u0131la gelindi\u011finde, art\u0131k Lazika Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktu. 8. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, Lazika Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n eski y\u00f6netim alan\u0131nda, n\u00fcfusunu Abhaz- Abazalar, Svanlar, Megrel- Lazlar ve b\u00f6lgeye sonradan Kartli\u2019den g\u00f6\u00e7 eden G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu Abhazya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih sahnesine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 780\u2019lerde Abhazya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 kuzey- bat\u0131da Nikopsia (Tuapse), g\u00fcneyde ise \u00c7oruh yata\u011f\u0131na kadar uzan\u0131yordu. Eski Lazika Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, \u00c7oruh vadisinden Trabzon\u2019a kadar olan, Lazlarla meskun b\u00f6lgesi ise Bizansl\u0131lar\u0131n elinde kald\u0131.<\/p>\n Karadeniz K\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na G\u00fcrc\u00fc G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n Lazika Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Rioni havzas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcney kesimi, 5. ve 6. y\u00fczy\u0131llardaki Bizans- Pers sava\u015flar\u0131 nedeniyle Megrel- Laz n\u00fcfusunun tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015fti. Bu g\u00fczden, Arap istilac\u0131lardan etkilenen G\u00fcrc\u00fcler Kartli\u2019den kitlesel olarak g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek bu b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015ftiler. B\u00f6ylece g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 Laz, H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 Megrel olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Megrel- Lazlar aras\u0131nda, G\u00fcrc\u00fclerden olu\u015fan ve yine g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Gurya\/ Acara olarak bilinen tampon b\u00f6lge olu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n G\u00fcney- do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019de Tampon Laz Devleti \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Kral Davit\u2019in ard\u0131llar\u0131 I. Dimitri ve III. Giogi d\u00f6nemlerinde aktif bir d\u0131\u015f politika izlendi. Krali\u00e7e Tamara d\u00f6neminde, etkinlik alan\u0131, Karadeniz\u2019den Hazar Denizine kadar geni\u015fledi. Krali\u00e7e Tamara, Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri ve Bizans Saray\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardan ustal\u0131kla yararland\u0131. Krali\u00e7e Tamara, Bizans \u00fczerine asker sevk etti ve \u00c7oruh\u2019tan ba\u015flamak \u00fczere t\u00fcm Pontus\u2019u ele ge\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n Krali\u00e7e Tamara\u2019n\u0131n amac\u0131, bu b\u00f6lgede etnik olarak Lazlardan olu\u015fan ve Sel\u00e7uklular ile Bizansl\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 tampon bir Laz devleti olu\u015fturmakt\u0131.<\/p>\n Latinlerin 1204\u2019te \u0130stanbul\u2019u i\u015fgal etmeleriyle, Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu zaafa u\u011frad\u0131. Bu geli\u015fmeler, Krali\u00e7e Tamara\u2019n\u0131n krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 Trabzon\u2019u da i\u00e7ine alacak \u015fekilde geni\u015fletmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Trabzon Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na, Krali\u00e7e Tamara\u2019n\u0131n akrabas\u0131 Prens Davit Kommenon ge\u00e7irildi. Trabzon y\u00f6resine de Laz n\u00fcfusunun ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Lazlar\u0131n, Bizans boyunduru\u011fundan kurtulmas\u0131, Bizansl\u0131lar\u0131 rahats\u0131z etti. Lazia Thema\u2019s\u0131 kuruldu (1204).<\/p>\n Trabzon Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6netimindeki Bizans sempatizan\u0131 grup ile Laz eliti aras\u0131nda k\u0131yas\u0131ya bir iktidar m\u00fccadelesi ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n Bizans\u2019\u0131n Sonu<\/strong><\/p>\n Lazlar\u0131n Bizansl\u0131larla olan m\u00fccadelesi, 1453\u2019te Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Bizans \u0130mparatorlu\u011funa son vermeleriyle bitti. II. Mehmet, Karadeniz\u2019i bir Osmanl\u0131 g\u00f6l\u00fc haline getirmek\u00a0 istiyordu. Tahta \u00e7\u0131kar \u00e7\u0131kmaz, 1451\u2019de Do\u011fu Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na 50 kad\u0131rga g\u00f6nderdi. Batum civar\u0131 ve Sohum\u2019da etkinlik kurarak, bu b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fayan Abhaz- Abazalar\u0131, Megrel- Lazlar\u0131 ve G\u00fcrc\u00fcleri Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131na almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. B\u00f6ylelikle Trabzon Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fusundan ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu. So\u00e7i\u2019den ba\u015flayan, kuzey- bat\u0131ya do\u011fru Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ise, K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131ndayd\u0131. Trabzon\u2019un do\u011fu kesimlerinde bug\u00fcn oldu\u011fu gibi o zaman da ya\u015fayan Lazlar ise, Trabzon Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda, ancak Rum y\u00f6netimiyle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7indeydiler. Lazlar, bir anlamda, Trabzon Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek isteyen Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n m\u00fcttefiki durumundayd\u0131. 1461\u2019de Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n, Trabzon Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeleriyle birlikte Lazlar da yava\u015f yava\u015f Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimine girmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n Lazlar\u0131n s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7(iril)meleriyle de Osmanl\u0131 tebaas\u0131 olmalar\u0131 peki\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 Y\u00f6netimi ve Laz Derebeyleri<\/strong><\/p>\n 1519\u2019da Trabzon, Batum\u2019un da d\u00e2hil edilmesiyle, ayr\u0131 bir eyalet haline getirildi. Bu b\u00f6lgeyi 1640\u2019da dola\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan Evliya \u00c7elebi\u2019ye g\u00f6re; eyaletin be\u015f sanca\u011f\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131: Canik, Trabzon, G\u00f6nye (Gonia), A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Batum ve Yukar\u0131 Batum. Lazistan Sanca\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n merkezi G\u00f6nye idi. Kazalar\u0131 ise, \u00a0Atina (Pazar), Sumla, Vi\u00e7e, Arhavi\u2019ydi.<\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi, G\u00fcney- do\u011fu Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesini y\u00f6netsel birimlere ay\u0131rd\u0131. Koch, 15 Laz derebeyli\u011fi sayar: Atina (Pazar, iki), Bulep, Arta\u015fin (Arde\u015fen), Vi\u00e7e, Kapiste, Arhavi,Kisse, Hopa, Makria (Makriali), Gonia (G\u00f6nye), Batum, Maradit (Maradidi), Perlevan ve \u00c7at derebeylikleri. Lazlar, 1580\u2019e kadar \u00f6zerk bir yap\u0131da ya\u015fad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Lazlar\u0131n Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131na ve Cumhuriyet\u2019e Katk\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Lazlar\u0131n, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kay\u0131klarla olan denizcilik faaliyetleri, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr. B\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda silah ve m\u00fchimmat Batum\u2019dan Samsun\u2019a Laz takalar\u0131yla getirildi.<\/p>\n Lazlar, di\u011fer Osmanl\u0131 tebaalar\u0131 gibi, Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurulmas\u0131nda fedak\u00e2rl\u0131klarda bulundular, emek verdiler.<\/p>\n Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemiyle birlikte, y\u00f6netime h\u00e2kim olan \u201ctek ulus\u201d, \u201ctek dil\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Lazistan Sanca\u011f\u0131 la\u011fvedildi. Eskiden Lazistan Sanca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer alan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Pazar (Atina), Arde\u015fen, F\u0131nd\u0131kl\u0131 il\u00e7eleri Rize iline; Arhavi ve Hopa, Artvin iline ba\u011fland\u0131. Y\u00f6redeki tarihsel yerle\u015fim birimlerinin isimleri de\u011fi\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n (Kaynak\u00e7a<\/strong>: Tabagua, \u0130lia M., \u201cAlcuni Risultati Del Mio Lavoro Negli Archivi E Bibioteche Dell\u2019Italia\u201d, Bedi Kartlisa, Vol: XXXIV, Paris, 1976; Andrews, Peter Alford, (\u00c7eviren: Mustafa K\u00fcp\u00fc\u015fo\u011flu), \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Etnik Gruplar\u201d, Ant\/ T\u00fcm Zamanlar Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1992; Am\u0131cba, Gerg, (\u00c7eviren: Hayri Ersoy), \u201c Abhazlar, Lazlar\u201d, Nart Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1993; \u00c7ilo\u011flu, Fahrettin, \u201cG\u00fcrc\u00fclerin Tarihi\u201d, Ant Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1993; Golo\u011flu, Mahmut, \u201cAnadolu\u2019nun Mill\u00ee Devleti Pontos\u201d, Ankara, 1973; Grant, Michael, \u201cMyths of the Romans and Greeks\u201d, Weidenfield and Nicolson, London, 1962; \u0130sl\u00e2m Ansiklopedisi, \u201cAbazalar maddesi\u201d, Cilt I, Milli E\u011fitim Bas\u0131mevi, \u0130stanbul, 1965; \u0130sl\u00e2m Ansiklopedisi, \u201cG\u00fcrcistan Maddesi\u201d, Cilt 4, Milli E\u011fitim Bas\u0131mevi, \u0130stanbul, 1964; \u0130sl\u00e2m Ansiklopesi, \u201cLazlar Maddesi\u201d, Cilt 7, Maarif Bas\u0131mevi, \u0130stanbul, 1957; Lordkipanidze, Mariam, \u201cGeorgia in XI- XII Centuries, Ganatleba Publishers, Tbilisi, 1987; Lomouri Nodar, (\u00c7eviren: Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz),\u201d Egrisi\/ Lazika Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Tarihi\u201d, Ogni K\u00fclt\u00fcr Dergisi, Say\u0131 5, Temmuz- A\u011fustos 1994, \u0130stanbul; Vanili\u015fi, Muhammed- Tandilava, Ali, (\u00c7eviren: Hayri Hayrio\u011flu), \u201cLazlar\u2019\u0131n Tarihi\u201d, Ant Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1992; Severin, Tim, \u201cJason\u2019s Voyage, In Search of Golden Fleece\u201d, National Geographic, Vol. 168, No. 3, September 1985; Tevzadze, \u015e. (\u00c7eviren), \u201c K\u0131sa G\u00fcrc\u00fc Tarihi\u201d, \u00c7veneburi Kafkasoloji Dergisi, Say\u0131 2- 3,Stockholm, 1977; Mela\u015fvili, Ahmet \u00d6zkan, \u201cG\u00fcrc\u00fcstan\u201d, Kendi Yay\u0131n\u0131, Aksiseda Matbaas\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1968; \u00d6ztuna, Y\u0131lmaz, \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Devleti Tarihi\u201d, Cilt I, Faisal Finans Kurumu Yay\u0131n\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1986; Aksun, Ziya Nur, \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Tarihi\u201d, Cilt 4, \u00d6t\u00fcken Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1994; \u015eemseddin Sami, (\u00c7eviren- \u00a0sadele\u015ftiren: Fahrettin \u00c7ilo\u011flu), \u201cKamus\u00fcl Alam\u2019da Lazlar ve Lazistan\u201d, \u00c7veneburi K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Dergi, Say\u0131 2- 3, Mart- Haziran 1993, \u0130stanbul; \u00d6zg\u00fcn, M. Recai, \u201cAtmaca\u201d, Kendi Yay\u0131n\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1995; Papila, Mustafa, \u201cLazistan\u201d, Kendi Yay\u0131n\u0131, Hopa, 1992)<\/p>\n (Kaynak<\/strong>: Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cKafkasya\u2019dan Anadolu\u2019ya Lazlar\u201d, Ala\u015fara Dergisi, Say\u0131 11, Nart Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1996)<\/p>\n +<\/p>\n (Ala\u015fara Dergisi\/ Lazlara ili\u015fkin<\/strong> \u00f6nerilen okumalar<\/strong>: Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Bir Kafkasya Dili: Lazca\u201d, Ala\u015fara Dergisi, Say\u0131 7- 8\/ Ekim- Kas\u0131m, Nart Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1995; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cBlack Sea\u201d, Ala\u015fara Dergisi, Say\u0131 12, Nart Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1997; Cemil Kanto\u011flu: \u201cAhmet K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019a Kat\u0131lm\u0131yorum\u201d, Ala\u015fara Dergisi, Say\u0131 5-6, Nart Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1995; Joakim Enwall, (\u00c7eviren: Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz), \u201cMegrellerin Sesi: Kazaki\u015fi Gazeti\u201d, Ala\u015fara Dergisi, Say\u0131 9- 10, Nart Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1995; \u201cLazlar\u201d \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131\u201d, Ala\u015fara Dergisi, Say\u0131 12, Nart Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1997; Nugzar Zhodzhua, (\u00c7eviren: Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz), \u201cBen Bir Megrel\u2019im\u201d, Ala\u015fara Dergisi, Say\u0131 5-6, Nart Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1995; \u201cOgni Sustu Mu?\u201d, Ala\u015fara Dergisi, Say\u0131 3, Temmuz, Nart Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1995; Peacok\/ Robert N. Cust, (\u00c7eviren: Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz), \u201cPeacock\u2019un Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 Kafkas Dilleri S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d(\u201cOriginal vocabularies of five West Caucasian Languages\u201d, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1887) Ala\u015fara Dergisi, Say\u0131 4, Temmuz, Nart Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1995)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ali İhsan Aksamaz Onlar Suda ve rüzgârda ilk deniz Yolculuğundan beri vardılar. Tekneleri kestane ağacındandı. Üç tondan on tona kadardılar Ve Latin yelkenlerin altında Fındık ve tütün getirip Şeker ve zeytinyağı Götürürlerdi. … Nazım Hikmet (1920 Yılı ve Hikayei Arheveli İsmail) Lazlardan, “Laz” adıyla bir etnik topluluk olarak ilk kez bahseden 1. yüzyıl tarihçisi Plinius […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[135],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-yazarlar-ali-ihsan-aksamaz-laz-kulturu","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38651","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38651"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38651\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38662,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38651\/revisions\/38662"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38651"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38651"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38651"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"htt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