{"id":40652,"date":"2024-08-04T12:17:13","date_gmt":"2024-08-04T17:17:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=40652"},"modified":"2024-08-04T14:42:26","modified_gmt":"2024-08-04T19:42:26","slug":"cerkescenin-ses-bilimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/cerkescenin-ses-bilimi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ERKES\u00c7EN\u0130N SES B\u0130L\u0130M\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Dr. ME\u015eFE\u015e’\u00dc Necdet Hatam<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bilindi\u011fi gibi Ad\u0131\u011fabzenin bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in kullan\u0131mda olan iki alfabesi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Kirill\u00a0temelli bu \u0130ki alfabenin \u00e7o\u011fu harfleri ayn\u0131 sesi vermekle birlikte, her iki diyalektteki kimi benzer\u00a0seslerin farkl\u0131 harflerle g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve bu b\u00fcy\u00fck hatan\u0131n bug\u00fcne kadar d\u00fczeltilmemi\u015f\u00a0olu\u015fu kolay anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir durum de\u011fil. Ad\u0131\u011fe dili i\u00e7in tek alfabeye ge\u00e7ilmesi ve alfabenin kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00f6ncelikle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi gerekli en \u00f6nemli ulusal sorunlar\u0131m\u0131zdan biri. Konuyu\u00a0s\u00fcrekli g\u00fcndemde tutanlar da \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u201chalk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n politikac\u0131lar\u0131\u201d aras\u0131nda sayabilece\u011fimiz\u00a0dernek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bunun bir nedeni alfabelerimizin, tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f dilbilgisi kurallar\u0131n\u0131n, dilbilimci\u00a0olmayanlar\u0131n bile fark\u0131na varabildi\u011fi eksikliklerinin olmas\u0131, fazlal\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7ermesi, dahas\u0131 kimi\u00a0kurallar\u0131n genel dilbilim kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131, bir di\u011fer nedeni de konunun as\u0131l\u00a0sorumlular\u0131n\u0131n, konuya gereken \u00f6nemi vermemeleridir. As\u0131l neden ise d\u00fc\u015fledi\u011fimiz gelecek\u00a0i\u00e7in, halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n dil birli\u011finin \u00f6nemidir. Ki bunu 14-16 Ekim 2008\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen dil\u00a0konferans\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bildiride \u015f\u00f6yle vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u041aI\u044d\u043aI\u044d\u0443, \u043b\u044a\u044d\u043f\u043a\u044a \u0438\u0442\u044d\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0440 \u0446\u044d\u0440\u044b\u0446\u044d\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u044d\u0442\u044b\u0443\u0433\u044a\u043e\u0438\u0436\u044c\u044b\u043d \u0442\u044b\u043c\u044b\u043b\u044a\u044d-\u00a0<\/i><\/b>\u043aI\u044b\u0449\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u044a\u044d\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0433\u044a\u043e \u0437\u044d\u0444\u044d\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0444\u044b\u0431\u044d\u043c\u044d \u0430\u0449\u044b\u043f\u0441\u044d-\u0443\u0440\u044d, \u0430I\u043e\u0440\u044d \u0430\u0448I\u044d\u0440\u044d \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043b\u044a \u0437\u044b\u00a0<\/i><\/b>\u043b\u044a\u044d\u043f\u043a\u044a \u0442\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0436\u044c\u044b\u043d \u0437\u044d\u0440\u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u043aI\u044b\u0449-\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0433\u0443\u0433\u044a\u0430\u043fI\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043d\u044d\u0440\u044b\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0445. \u0428\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043aI\u044d \u0430\u0440\u00a0<\/i><\/b>\u043a\u044a\u044b\u0434\u0434\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0443\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0435, \u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0438\u043c \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0434\u044d\u043b\u044a\u0444\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u043aI\u044d \u0442\u044b\u0437\u044d\u0433\u0443\u0440\u044bI\u043e\u043d,\u00a0<\/i><\/b>\u0442\u0438-\u0442\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u0438 \u0437\u044b \u0445\u044a\u0443\u043d \u0444\u0430\u0435\u2026 <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00d6zetle da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 dane dane derleyip bir araya getiremeyecek isek de\u00a0<\/i><\/b>farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fayan, birlikte \u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcp birlikte sevinen bir halk olabilece\u011fimiz umudu\u00a0<\/i><\/b>art\u0131k \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k. Ancak bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyadaki t\u00fcm ad\u0131\u011felerin anadilimiz\u00a0<\/i><\/b>ile anla\u015fabilir olmam\u0131z ve yaz\u0131 dilimizin de ortak olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.\u201d\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Bu kayg\u0131 ve gelecek kurgusu birbirine benzemez \u00e7ok say\u0131da alfabe \u00f6nerilmesine neden\u00a0olmu\u015f ve olmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00f6neri fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, t\u0131p fak\u00fcltesi \u00f6\u011frencili\u011fimde hocalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n\u00a0s\u00f6yledi\u011fi, akl\u0131mda kalan \u015fu kuralla a\u00e7\u0131klayabilece\u011fimizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum:\u201cBir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131nda farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler, farkl\u0131 ila\u00e7 gruplar\u0131 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,\u00a0<\/i>kullan\u0131m\u0131n standardatize edilememi\u015f olmas\u0131 bu hastal\u0131k, yeterince tan\u0131mlanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6zellikleri\u00a0<\/i>yeterince bilinemedi\u011fi i\u00e7indir.\u201d <\/i><\/p>\n

Daha kolay, daha do\u011fru bir alfabe i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle, alfabelerimizdeki, genel dilbilime ayk\u0131r\u0131\u00a0tan\u0131mlar\u0131n, kurallar\u0131n ay\u0131klanmas\u0131, do\u011frular\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k olanlar\u0131n daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r\u00a0\u015fekilde yeniden tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n

Bize g\u00f6re yaz\u0131m kural\u0131m\u0131zdaki en temel yanl\u0131\u015flardan biri, seslerle harflerin kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u00a0olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lgin\u00e7tir bu kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma sadece \u00c7erkes\u00e7enin de\u011fil Rus\u00e7an\u0131n da T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin de sorunudur.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkes\u00e7ede \u00c7ubuk\u00e7uk \/I\/ ve Arap\u00e7ada hemze \/\u0621\/ ile g\u00f6sterilen g\u0131rtlak \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc Rus\u00e7a, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve\u00a0b\u00fct\u00fcn Avrupa dillerinde oldu\u011fu halde bu dillerin alfabelerinde bu sese \u00f6zg\u00fc bir harf\u00a0bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu ses i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir karakter ayr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 bir\u00e7ok dilcide bu sesin de\u00a0olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi yanl\u0131\u015f anlay\u0131\u015fa neden olmakta ve bunu yazan dilcilere de rastlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Konunun anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u00c7erkes\u00e7ede \u00c7ubuk\u00e7uk \/I\/ ve Arap\u00e7ada hemze \/ \u0621\/ ile g\u00f6sterilen\u00a0\u201cg\u0131rtlak \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc\u201d ve \u00fcnl\u00fc seslerle ili\u015fkisinin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 gerekmek-tedir. Bu ses T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u00a0yaz\u0131mda genellikle \/\u2018\/ apostrof ile g\u00f6sterilmektedir.<\/p>\n

G\u0131rtlak \u00dcns\u00fcz\u00fc <\/b><\/p>\n

G\u0131rtlak \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc iki farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde olu\u015fmakta, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmakta ve bu ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f \u015fekline g\u00f6re\u00a0de adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

1- <\/b>A\u00e7ma G\u0131rtlak \u00dcns\u00fcz\u00fc<\/b>: B\u00fct\u00fcn dillerde olan bir sestir. Olu\u015fumuna sadece ses telleri\u00a0kat\u0131lmakta konu\u015fmada kendisinden sonra mutlaka bir \u00fcnl\u00fc ses bulunmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2- <\/b>\u00c7arpma G\u0131rtlak \u00dcns\u00fcz\u00fc<\/b>: \u00dcnl\u00fc seslerden birinin \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ses tellerinin\u00a0sert\u00e7e kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan setir. Ses olarak a\u00e7ma g\u0131rtlak sesinin ayn\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Arap\u00e7a ve\u00a0\u00c7erkes\u00e7ede olan bu ses T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve Rus\u00e7ada yoktur.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm dillerde basit \u00fcnl\u00fc sesler, bir \u00fcnl\u00fc harfin bir \u00fcns\u00fczden sonra geldi\u011finde verdi\u011fi hafif genizden gelen sestir. Bu basit \u00fcnl\u00fc sesleri k\u00f6\u015feli parantezde \u00f6n\u00fcne art\u0131 i\u015fareti \/+\/ koyarak g\u00f6steriyoruz. Art\u0131 i\u015fareti \/+\/ bu \u00fcnl\u00fc sesin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki ve kendisi ile hece olu\u015fturdu\u011fu herhangi bir \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fcn yerini tutmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ba [+a]; be [+e]; k\u0131 [+\u0131]; ki [+i]; to [+o]; m\u00f6 [+\u00f6]; bu [+u]; s\u00fc [+\u00fc]<\/p>\n

Rus\u00e7a ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede (muhtemelen di\u011fer Avrupa dillerinde de) sesli harfler hece ba\u015f\u0131nda\u00a0(yani s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ilk harfi olduklar\u0131nda ya da bir \u00fcnl\u00fcden sonra geldiklerinde) ilk sesleri g\u0131rtlak\u00a0\u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc [\u2018] olmak \u00fczere iki\u015fer ses verirler:<\/p>\n

Ankara [ \u2018an<\/span> \u2013 ka<\/span> -ra<\/span> ]; Edirne [ \u2018e<\/span> \u2013 dir- ne<\/span>]; Il\u0131k [ \u2018\u0131<\/span>– l\u0131<\/span>k] \u0130zmir [\u2018i<\/span>z -mir]; Oto [ \u2018o<\/span>to<\/span>];<\/p>\n

\u00f6t\u00f6nazi [ \u2018\u00f6<\/span> – t\u00f6<\/span> – na – zi]; Ulus [ \u2018u<\/span> – lu<\/span>s]; \u00dcst\u00fcn [ \u2018\u00fc<\/span>s – t\u00fc<\/span>n].<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi gibi s\u00f6zc\u00fck ba\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00fcnl\u00fc harfler, birincisi g\u0131rtlak \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc [\u2018] ikincisi kendi\u00a0basit \u00fcnl\u00fc sesi (\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u0131rtlak sesi de bir \u00fcns\u00fczd\u00fcr ve \u00fcnl\u00fcleri izleyen sesli harfler kendi basit\u00a0\u00fcnl\u00fc seslerini verirler.) olmak \u00fczere iki\u015fer ses verirken \u00fcns\u00fczleri izleyen \u00fcnl\u00fc harfler sadece\u00a0kendi basit \u00fcnl\u00fc seslerini vermektedirler.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede de Rus\u00e7ada da \u00e7ift \u00fcnl\u00fc (diftong) yoktur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile kelime i\u00e7inde iki \u00fcnl\u00fc yan\u00a0yana geldi\u011finde ikinci \u00fcnl\u00fc yeni bir hece ba\u015flatmaktad\u0131r. Ki bu durum her iki dilde de al\u0131nt\u0131\u00a0s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerde g\u00f6zlenmektedir:<\/p>\n

Saat [sa<\/span> \u2013 \u2018a<\/span>t]; [ma<\/span> \u2013 \u2018a<\/span> -rif]; \u0430\u044d\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 [\u2018a<\/span> \u2013 \u2018e<\/span> \u2013 ro<\/span> – po<\/span>rt], ateist<\/p>\n

[\u2018a<\/span> \u2013 te \u2013 \u2018i<\/span>st], re\u2019sen [re\u2019<\/span> -sen].<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkes\u00e7ede T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve Rus\u00e7ada olmayan peki\u015ftirilmi\u015f sesler de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bat\u0131\u00a0ad\u0131\u011fecesinde bu seslerin say\u0131s\u0131 8\u2019dir. Bunlar 7 \u00e7ift karakterle verilmi\u015ftir. Yaz\u0131n\u0131m\u0131zda bu\u00a0peki\u015ftirme g\u00f6revi de \u00e7ubuk\u00e7u\u011fa \/I\/ verilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylesi durumlarda \u00e7ubuk\u00e7uk kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcn\u00a0sesini vermemekte sadece izledi\u011fi \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fcn sesini peki\u015ftirmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u043aI <\/b>iki ses vermektedir [k\u0301], [\u00e7\u0301];
\n<\/b>[k\u0301]: \u043c\u0430\u043aI\u0443\u044d <\/b>[mak\u0301ue] gidiyor, \u043aI\u0443\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d <\/b>[ k\u0301ua\u011fhe ] gitti, \u043c\u044d\u0437\u0435\u043aI\u0443\u044d <\/b>mezyek\u0301ue]: geziniyor
\n[\u00e7\u0301] \u043c\u0430\u043aI\u044d <\/b>[ma\u00e7\u0301e] az, \u043aI\u044b\u043c\u0430\u0444 <\/b>[ \u00e7\u0301\u0131maf] k\u0131\u015f, \u0433\u0443\u044d\u043aI\u044b <\/b>[gue\u00e7\u0301\u0131] ayr\u0131l\u0131yor
\n\u043bI<\/b>: \u043bI\u044b <\/b>[lh\u0131] adam, \u043bI\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d <\/b>[lh\u0131\u011fhe] yi\u011fitlik.
\n\u043fI<\/b>: \u043fI\u0430\u043b\u044a\u044d <\/b>[p\u0301\u2019alhe] yer, belirlenmi\u015f s\u00fcre
\n\u0442I<\/b>: \u043c\u0430\u0442I\u044d <\/b>[mate] kaz\u0131yor, \u0301 \u0442I\u044b <\/b>[t\u0131]\u0301 ko\u00e7
\n\u0446I<\/b>: \u0446I\u044b\u0444 <\/b>[ts\u0301\u0131f] insan, \u043c\u0430\u0446I\u044d <\/b>[mats\u0301e] \u00e7ekirge s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc
\n\u0447I<\/b>: \u0447I\u044b <\/b>[\u00e7h\u0131] yer, \u0447I\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0433\u044a <\/b>[\u00e7h\u0131da\u011fh] petrol.
\n\u0448I<\/b>: \u0435\u0448I\u044d <\/b>[ye\u015f\u0301e] yap\u0131yor, \u0435\u0448I\u044d <\/b>[ye\u015f\u2019e] biliyor<\/p>\n

Bu karakterlerin 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz alfabesine eklenmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131, geli\u015fmi\u015f dillerin\u00a0alfabe olu\u015fturma y\u00f6ntemi ile uyu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in do\u011fru bulmuyoruz.\u00a0 Gereksiz yere harf say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmakta \u00f6\u011frenimi zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u201c\u00c7ubuk\u00e7uk, izledi\u011fi\u00a0\u00fcns\u00fczlerin sesini peki\u015ftirir ya da apostrof \u00fczerine konan \u00fcns\u00fczlerin sesini peki\u015ftirir\u201d kural\u0131n\u0131\u00a0\u00f6\u011frenmek, bu kadar karakterin \u00f6\u011frenilmesinden \u00e7ok daha kolay olsa gerek.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci temel yanl\u0131\u015f<\/b>, alfabelerinde bir kez yer alm\u0131\u015f harflerin yan yana gelerek\u00a0verdi\u011fi sesler, bilinen di\u011fer dillerde, \u201cbu harfler yan yana geldi\u011finde \u015fu sesi verir\u201d gibi\u00a0kurallarla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmi\u015fken, Ad\u0131\u011fe alfabelerinde, bu seslerin \u00e7ift karakterlerinin de\u00a0alfabeye ayr\u0131 harflermi\u015f gibi eklenmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Almanca alfabede \/s\/ ve \/t\/\u00a0harfleri yer al\u0131rken [\u015f] sesi veren \/st\/ karakter \u00e7ifti, Frans\u0131zcada, \/p\/ ve \/h\/ harfleri alfabede\u00a0yer al\u0131rken [f] sesi veren [ph] karakter \u00e7ifti alfabelere konmam\u0131\u015f, yan yana gelen bu\u00a0harflerin verdi\u011fi ses, dilbilgisi kural\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Benzerbir kuralla tan\u0131mlanabilecek\u00a0\/\u0434\u0436\/ [c], \/\u0434\u0437\/ [dz], seslerinin birer harf gibi alfabeye konmu\u015f olmas\u0131, alfabedeki harf\u00a0say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 gereksiz yere \u00e7o\u011faltmakla kalmam\u0131\u015f, alfabeyi daha zor anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc temel yanl\u0131\u015f<\/b>– \u00c7erkes\u00e7ede \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n olan \u00e7ift \u00fcnl\u00fclerin tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f\u00a0olmas\u0131, Rus\u00e7ada kelime ba\u015f\u0131nda ve \u00fcnl\u00fcden sonra iki ses veren harflerin, dilbilime ayk\u0131r\u0131\u00a0olarak diftong say\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r: \u0435 <\/b>[ye], \u0451 <\/b>[yo], \u0438 <\/b>[\u0439\u044b], \u044e <\/b>[yu], \u044f <\/b>[ya]. Oysa \/\u0438<\/b>\/ d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ayn\u0131 sesleri\u00a0veren ayn\u0131 harfler Rus\u00e7ada diftong say\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \/\u0438<\/b>\/ harfi de Rus\u00e7ada\u00a0yumu\u015fatma i\u015faretinden sonra [\u0439\u0438] \u00e7ift sesini vermektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkes\u00e7enin 5 \u00e7ift \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc ise \u015funlard\u0131r: y\u0430 <\/i><\/b>[+ua<\/i>], \u0443\u0435 <\/i><\/b>[+uye<\/i>], \u0443\u0438 <\/i><\/b>[+ui<\/i>], \u0443\u044b <\/i><\/b>[+u\u0131<\/i>], \u0443\u044d <\/i><\/b>[+ue<\/i>].<\/p>\n

D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc temel yanl\u0131\u015f <\/b>\u2013 diftonglardan do\u011fan dudaks\u0131 seslerin (labializesesler \u2013 I\u0443\u043f\u0448I\u044d \u043c\u0430\u043a\u044a\u044d) iyi tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak diftonglar ile dudaks\u0131 seslerin ili\u015fkilerinin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \/y\/ harfine bat\u0131\u00a0ad\u0131\u011fabzesinde y\u00fcklenen g\u00f6revleri i\u00e7selle\u015ftirmek gerekmektedir. Ki bir facia olarak\u00a0de\u011ferlendirilebilecek bu durum alfabenin anla\u015f\u0131lmaz olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi\u00a0ku\u015fkusunu da uyand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

I-) \/y\/ harfi \u00c7erkes\u00e7ede, bir \u00fcnl\u00fc ile hece olu\u015fturdu\u011funda kendisi T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede\u00a0olmayan, Latin temelli alfabede \/w\/ ile g\u00f6sterilebilen, transkripsiyonda \/\u045e\/ karakteri ile\u00a0g\u00f6sterilen. Arap\u00e7an\u0131n vav harfinin \/ \u0648 \/ sesini vermektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rnekler:<\/p>\n

a-)\/y\/ harfis\u00f6zc\u00fck ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00fcns\u00fczd\u00fcr.
\n\u0423\u0430\u043d\u044d [\u045e\u0430\u043d\u044d – wane] eyer, \u0443\u0430\u0442\u044d [\u045e\u0430\u0442\u044d – wate] \u00e7eki\u00e7 \u0443\u0435\u0445\u044c\u044b [\u045e\u0435\u0445\u044c\u044b \u2013 wyeh\u0131] seni\u00a0g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor, \u0443\u0435\u0441\u044b [\u045e\u0435\u0441\u044b – wyes\u0131] e\u00fcz\u00fcyorsun, \u0443\u0438\u0442 [\u045e\u0438\u0442 \u2013 i\u00e7inde duruyorsun], \u0443\u0438\u0441 [\u045e\u0438\u0441 \u2013 i\u00e7inde\u00a0oturuyorsun].
\nb-) S\u00f6zc\u00fck i\u00e7inde bir \u00fcnl\u00fcden sonra hece ba\u015f\u0131nda:\u00a0\u043c\u044d\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044a\u044d [\u043c\u044d\u045e\u0430\u043b\u044a\u044d – mewalhe] dalgalan\u0131yor, \u0435\u0449\u044b\u0443 [\u0435\u0449\u044b\u045e\u044b \u2013 ye\u015f\u0131w\u0131] tuzluyor.
\nc-) izledi\u011fi \u00fcnl\u00fc ile hece olu\u015fturdu\u011funda:\u00a0\u0447\u044d\u0442\u044b\u0443 [\u0447\u044d\u0442\u044b\u045e – \u00e7et\u0131w] kedi, \u043d\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0443 [\u043d\u0430\u043d\u044b\u045e – nan\u0131w] k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuk.<\/p>\n

Ancak!!!! <\/b><\/p>\n

\/\u045e\/ \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc izleyen \u00fcnl\u00fc e\u011fer \u044b [\u0131] ise: s\u00f6ylenir duyulur ancak yaz\u0131lmaz. Bu\u00a0durumda \/y\/ harfi [\u045e\u044b – w\u0131] seslerini verir: \u0443\u043d\u044d [\u045e\u044b\u043d\u044d – w\u0131ne ], \u043c\u044d\u0443\u043d\u044d [\u043c\u044d\u045e\u044b\u043d\u044d –\u00a0mew\u0131ne] g\u00f6neniyor.<\/p>\n

Ve yine ancak!!! <\/b><\/p>\n

\/\u045e\/ \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc izleyen \u00fcnl\u00fc e\u011fer \u044d [e] ise; bu iki ses [\u045e\u044d]sadece \/o\/ harfi ile g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n

\u041e\u0440\u044b [\u045e\u044d\u0440\u044b – wer\u0131] sen, \u041c\u0430\u043e [\u043c\u0430\u045e\u044d – mawe] vuruyor.<\/p>\n

II- izledi\u011fi \u00fcns\u00fcz ile hece olu\u015fturan \/y\/ harfi [u] \u00fcnl\u00fc sesini verir, kendisini izleyen<\/p>\n

\u00fcnl\u00fclerle de \u00e7ift \u00fcnl\u00fc – diftong olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

\u041a\u0443\u0430<\/i><\/b>\u043c\u044d [kua<\/i>me] dal budak, \u0433\u0443\u0435<\/i><\/b>\u0445\u044b [guye<\/i>x\u0131] ay\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Ancak!!! <\/b><\/p>\n

[\u0414\u0437], [\u0436\u044a],[\u0446\u0443], [\u0448\u044a\u0443],[\u0448I\u0443] seslerinden sonra gelen ve \/\u0435 [ye]\/,\/\u0438 [i]\/ \u00fcnl\u00fcleri\u00a0\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \/y\/ harfi T\u00fcrk\u00e7edeki [\u00fc] \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcne yak\u0131n bir ses verir: \u0448\u044a\u0443\u0438<\/i><\/b>\u0442 [\u015f\u00fci<\/i>t] i\u00e7inde\u00a0duruyorsunuz.<\/p>\n

Ve yine ancak!!! <\/b><\/p>\n

\/y\/ \u00fcnl\u00fc harfini izleyen e\u011fer [\u044b] \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc ise s\u00f6ylenir duyulur: yaz\u0131lmaz. Bir \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc\u00a0izleyen \/y\/ harfitek ba\u015f\u0131na \u0443\u044b <\/i><\/b>[u\u0131<\/i><\/b>] \u00e7ift \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

I\u0443<\/i><\/b>\u043d\u044d [I\u0443\u044b<\/i><\/b>\u043d\u044d \u2013 u\u0131<\/i>ne] \u00e7ivi, \u0433\u0443 <\/i><\/b>[\u0433\u0443\u044b <\/i><\/b>– gu\u0131<\/i>] kalp.<\/p>\n

Ve yine, yine ancak!!! <\/b><\/p>\n

\/y\/ \u00fcnl\u00fc harfini izleyen e\u011fer [\u044d] \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc ise, iki ses sadece \/o\/ harfi ile\u00a0g\u00f6sterilir. Ve bir \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc izleyen \/o<\/i><\/b>\/ harfi [ue<\/i><\/b>] \u00e7ift \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturur:<\/p>\n

\u0413\u043e<\/i><\/b>\u0442 [\u0433\u0443\u044d<\/i><\/b>\u0442 – gue<\/i>t] yan\u0131nda duruyor. \u0413\u043e<\/i><\/b>\u0441 [\u0433\u0443\u044d<\/i><\/b>\u0441 – gue<\/i>s] yan\u0131nda oturuyor. \u0435I\u043e <\/i><\/b>[\u0435I\u0443\u044d <\/i><\/b>\u2013\u00a0ye\u2019ue<\/i>] s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor, \u043f\u0430I\u043e <\/i><\/b>[\u043f\u0430I\u0443\u044d <\/i><\/b>\u2013 pa\u2019ue<\/i>] kalpak.III-) \/y\/ harfi \u00f6zel durumlarda dudaks\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fcleri olu\u015fturur. \u00c7o\u011fu dilde olmayan bir\u00a0sestir. \/y\/ nun izledi\u011fi \u00fcns\u00fczle birlikte dudaks\u0131 \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc olu\u015fturmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, bulundu\u011fu\u00a0hecede, heceyi olu\u015fturan bir ba\u015fka \u00fcnl\u00fc olmas\u0131, s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sonunda olmas\u0131, e\u011fer s\u00f6zc\u00fck\u00a0i\u00e7inde ise izleyen sesin \u00fcns\u00fcz olmas\u0131 gerekir. gerekmektedir. Bir hecede sadece bir \u00fcnl\u00fc\u00a0bulunabilece\u011fi evrensel kural\u0131na uyumlu olarak \/y\/ art\u0131k \u00fcnl\u00fc de\u011fildir. izledi\u011fi \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00a0sesini yuvarlayan yar\u0131m bir [u] sesidir.<\/p>\n

Bu sesler [\u0443\u044b <\/i><\/b>– u\u0131<\/i><\/b>] ve [\u0443\u044d <\/i><\/b>– ue<\/i><\/b>] \u00e7ift \u00fcnl\u00fclerinden do\u011fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Peki Nas\u0131l? Bu do\u011fumu sa\u011flayan Ad\u0131\u011fabzenin iki kural\u0131d\u0131r. Ad\u0131\u011fabzede t\u00fcm k\u00f6k\u00a0s\u00f6zc\u00fckler [\u044b\u2013 \u0131] ya da [\u044d- e] \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc ile sonlan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

\u041c\u0430\u0437\u044d [maze], \u043c\u044d\u0437\u044b [mez\u0131] \u043f\u0441\u044b [ps\u0131], kue git<\/p>\n

\u041c\u0430\u0437\u044d [maze] ay \u041c\u044d\u0437\u044b [mez\u0131] orman \u041f\u0441\u044b [ps\u0131] su \u043aI\u0443\u044d [\u043a\u0301\u0443\u044d \u2013 k\u0301ue] git], \u0448\u044a\u043e [\u0448\u044a\u0443\u044d – \u015f\u00fce]\u00a0deri- renk, \u043d\u044d\u043aI\u044b [\u043d\u044d\u0447\u0301\u044b] ne\u00e7\u0301\u0131 bo\u015f.<\/p>\n

\u0130kinci kural: Bu k\u00f6k s\u00f6zc\u00fckler \u00f6n ek ald\u0131klar\u0131nda ya da bir ba\u015fka s\u00f6zc\u00fck ile bile\u015fik\u00a0s\u00f6zc\u00fck olu\u015fturduklar\u0131nda sonlar\u0131ndaki \u00fcnl\u00fc sesler birinde ya da ikisinded\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n

\u041c\u044d\u0437\u044b [mez\u0131] orman; \u043a\u0443\u0443 [\u043a\u0443\u044b\u045e\u044b – ku\u0131w\u0131] derin; \u043c\u044d\u0437\u043a\u0443\u044b<\/b>\u045e [mezku\u0131w] derin orman.<\/p>\n

\u043d\u044d\u043aI\u044b\u043d \u043d\u044d\u043aI [ne\u00e7\u0301 – a\u00e7 kal oru\u00e7 tut], \u043c\u0430\u0437\u044d [maze – ay], \u043d\u044d\u043aI\u043c\u0430\u0437 <\/b>[ne\u00e7maz] oru\u00e7 ay\u0131 – ramazan<\/p>\n

Ancak!!!<\/p>\n

S\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin sonundaki \u00fcnl\u00fcler yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rneklerde oldu\u011fu gibi basit \u00fcnl\u00fc ise\u00a0\u00fcnl\u00fc-\u00fcns\u00fcz konusunda bir de\u011fi\u015fim gerekmemekte sorun da \u00e7\u0131kmamaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6zc\u00fckler\u00a0sonundaki \u00fcnl\u00fc [\u0443\u044b <\/i><\/b>– u\u0131<\/i><\/b>]: ya da [\u0443\u044d <\/i><\/b>– ue<\/i><\/b>] \u00e7ift \u00fcnl\u00fclerinden biri ise e\u011fer;son \u00fcnl\u00fc d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde\u00a0[y – u] \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00f6zelli\u011fini yitirmekte, hece olu\u015fturmamakta, izledi\u011fi \u00fcns\u00fczle birlikte\u00a0dudaks\u0131 \u00fcns\u00fczleri olu\u015fturmakta, ve bir ba\u015fka \u00fcnl\u00fcn\u00fcn olu\u015fturdu\u011fu hecede yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rnekler:<\/p>\n

\u0428\u044a\u043e [\u0448\u044a\u0443\u044d – \u015f\u00fce] deri, renk; \u0438\u0448\u044a\u0443 [\u0439\u044b\u0448\u044a\u0443 – y\u0131\u015f\u00fc] derisi, rengi<\/p>\n

\u0438\u0448\u044a\u0443 [\u0439\u044b\u0448\u044a\u0443 – y\u0131\u015f\u00fc]: \u201cy\u0131\u201d \u00f6n ekini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0428\u044a\u0443\u044d [\u015f\u00fce] s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, sonundaki [e]\u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc\u00a0d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f [ue<\/i><\/b>] \u00e7ift \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan \/y – \u00fc\/ \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00f6zelli\u011fi kaybolmu\u015f izledi\u011fi izledi\u011fi \/\u0448\u044a – \u015f\/ \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc ile birlikte [+\u015f\u00fc] \u00fcns\u00fcz dudaks\u0131 sesini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. \/y\/\u00a0harfi hece olu\u015ftururken hece olu\u015fturamaz olmu\u015f [\u044b – \u0131] \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn olu\u015fturdu\u011fu heceye\u00a0kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u0413\u0443 [\u0433\u0443\u044b – gu\u0131] \u00f6\u011f\u00fct \u0443\u043c\u044b\u0433\u0443 [\u045e\u044b\u043c\u044b\u0433\u0443 – w\u0131m\u0131gu] \u00f6\u011f\u00fctme \u201c\u0443\u044b – w\u0131\u201d \u00f6n ekini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in\u00a0[\u0433\u0443\u044b – gu\u0131] s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sonundaki [\u0131] \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f [u<\/i><\/b>\u0131<\/i><\/b>] \u00e7ift \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc olan \/y –\u00a0u\/ \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00f6zelli\u011fi kaybolmu\u015f, \/\u0433 – g\/ \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc ile birlikte [\u0433\u0443 – gu] \u00fcns\u00fcz dudaks\u0131\u00a0sesini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. \/y – u\/ harfi hece olu\u015ftururken hece olu\u015fturamaz olmu\u015f [y – \u0131]\u00a0\u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u201c\u043c\u044b\u0433\u0443 – m\u0131gu\u0300\u201c hecesine kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 ad\u0131\u011fe dili dudaks\u0131 \u00fcns\u00fczleri \u044b\u0444\u043d\u0448\u044b\u0448 13 t\u00fcr:<\/p>\n

\u0413\u0443 [gu], \u0433\u044a\u0443 [\u011fhu], \u0434\u0437\u0443 [dzu], \u0436\u044a\u0443 [j\u00fc], \u043a\u0443 [ku], \u043a\u044a\u0443 [qu], \u043aI\u0443 [k\u0301u], xy [xu], \u0445\u044a\u0443 [xhu],<\/p>\n

\u0446\u0443 [tsu], \u0448\u044a\u0443 [\u015f\u00fc], \u0448I\u0443 [\u015f\u00fc], I\u0443 [\u2018u].<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu ad\u0131\u011fe diili dudaks\u0131 \u00fcns\u00fczleri 9 dur:<\/p>\n

\u0413\u0443 [gu], \u0433\u044a\u0443 [\u011fhu], \u043a\u0443 [ku], \u043a\u044a\u0443 [qu], \u043a\u044a\u0445\u0443 [qxu], \u043aI\u0443 [k\u0301u], xy [xu], \u0445\u044a\u0443 [xhu], I\u0443 [\u2018u].<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkes\u00e7e i\u00e7in bug\u00fcne kadar kullan\u0131lan kirill temelli alfabeler, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00a0alfabesi ve tasla\u011f\u0131m\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 \u00c7erkes\u00e7esi i\u00e7in 1927\u2019ye kadar arap harflerinin temel al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 alfabe kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1927 de latin temelli alfabeye ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f, 1938 \u00f6\u011fretim y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren de\u00a0Kirill Rus\u00e7a karakterlerin temel al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 alfabe kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1938 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul edilen Bat\u0131 \u00c7erkes\u00e7esi alfabesi, Rus\u00e7a alfabenin 32\u00a0karakterine g\u0131rtlak \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc \u00e7ubuk\u00e7u\u011fun \/I\/ eklenmesi ile 33 karakter olmu\u015ftu. Bu alfabede Rus\u00e7ada kullan\u0131m\u0131 zorunlu olmayan \/\u0451<\/b>\/ karakteri yoktu.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Harf genelde, sesi olan karakter olarak kabul edilir. Bu durumda T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede\u00a0\u201c<\/i>alfabe, sesleri g\u00f6steren harflerin, \u00fczerinde anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir s\u0131raya g\u00f6re dizilmi\u015f\u00a0<\/i><\/b>toplulu\u011fudur<\/i><\/b>\u201d <\/i>tan\u0131m\u0131 yeterli olsa da sesi olmayan ancak i\u015flevleri belli yard\u0131mc\u0131\u00a0karakterleri olan diller i\u00e7in tan\u0131m; \u201c<\/i>alfabe, sesleri g\u00f6steren harfler ile i\u015flevleri olan <\/i><\/b>2\u00a0karakterlerin, \u00fczerinde anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir s\u0131raya g\u00f6re dizilmi\u015f toplulu\u011fudur<\/i><\/b>\u201d\u00a0<\/i>olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak bu iki karakter toplulu\u011funa, i\u015flevi olan karakterlerin \/\u044a<\/b>\/, \/\u044c<\/b>\/ yard\u0131m\u0131\u00a0ile olu\u015fturulmu\u015f \u00e7ift karakterli harfleri (\u0433\u044a, \u0436\u044a, \u0436\u044c, \u043a\u044a, \u043b\u044a, \u0445\u044a, \u0445\u044c, \u0447\u044a, \u0448\u044a<\/b>)\u00a0i\u00e7ermedikleri i\u00e7in, Bat\u0131 \u00c7erkes\u00e7esinin \u201calfabesi<\/b>\u201d denmesi do\u011fru de\u011fildir.\u00a0Bu karakter toplulu\u011funa 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda, dilin b\u00fct\u00fcn sesleri birer harf gibi\u00a0eklenmi\u015f ve karakter say\u0131s\u0131 66 olmu\u015ftur. Ancak, alfabe olu\u015ftuma gelene\u011fine ayk\u0131r\u0131\u00a0olan bu karakter toplulu\u011funu da alfabe saymak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir,<\/p>\n

\u0430, \u0431, \u0432, \u0433, \u0433\u0443, \u0433\u044a, \u0433\u044a\u0443, \u0434, \u0434\u0436, \u0434\u0437, \u0434\u0437\u0443, \u0435, \u0451, \u0436, \u0436\u044a, \u0436\u044a\u0443, \u0436\u044c,
\n<\/b>\u0437, \u0438, \u0439, \u043a, \u043a\u0443, \u043a\u044a, \u043a\u044a\u0443, \u043aI, \u043aI\u0443, \u043b, \u043b\u044a, \u043bI, \u043c, \u043d, \u043e, \u043f, \u043fI, \u043fI\u0443,
\n<\/b>\u0440, \u0441, \u0442, \u0442I, \u0442I\u0443, \u0443, \u0444, \u0445, \u0445\u044a, \u0445\u044a\u0443, \u0445\u044c, \u0446, \u0446\u0443, \u0446I, \u0447, \u0447\u044a, \u0447I, \u0448,
\n<\/b>\u0448\u044a, \u0448\u044a\u0443, \u0448I, \u0448I\u0443, \u0449, \u044a, \u044b, \u044c, \u044d, \u044e, \u044f, I, I\u0443.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n

Bize g\u00f6re ise Bat\u0131 \u00c7erkes\u00e7esinin 44 karakterden olu\u015fmu\u015f alfabesi ekteki gibi olmal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\u0430, \u00e2, \u0431, \u0432, \u0433, \u0491, \u0433\u044a, \u0434, \u0435, \u0451, \u0436, \u0436\u044a, \u0436\u044c, \u0437, \u0438, \u0439, \u043a, \u043a\u044a, \u043b, \u043b\u044a,
\n<\/b>\u043c, \u043d, \u043e, \u043f, \u0440, \u0441, \u0442, \u0443, <\/b>\u045e<\/b>, \u0444, \u0445, \u0445\u044a, \u0445\u044c, \u0446, \u0447, \u0447\u044a, \u0448, \u0448\u044a, \u0449, \u044a,
\n<\/b>\u044b, \u044c, \u044d, I. <\/b><\/p>\n

Alfabe tasla\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 olu\u015ftururken, Rus\u00e7a ile benzer seslerin Rus\u00e7adaki ayn\u0131 harf\u00a0ile g\u00f6sterilmesi ve \u00c7erkes\u00e7ede olup Rus\u00e7ada olmayan sesler i\u00e7in \u00f6zel karakter\u00a0eklenmesidir, alfabe olu\u015fturma gelene\u011fine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olanlar\u0131n da \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131 ilkesi\u00a0benimsenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1-)<\/strong> Rus\u00e7ada, \/a\/; \/\u0438\/; \/\u043e\/; \/\u0443\/; \/\u044d\/ \u00fcnl\u00fc harfleri s\u00f6zc\u00fck ba\u015f\u0131nda ve bir \u00fcnl\u00fcden\u00a0sonra ilki g\u0131rtlak \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc olmak \u00fczere iki\u015fer ses verirler: a [Ia]; \u0438 [I\u0438]; \u043e [I\u043e]; \u0443 [I\u0443];\u00a0\u044d [I\u044d]. \u00c7erkes\u00e7ede ise, s\u00f6zc\u00fck ba\u015f\u0131ndaki ve \u00fcnl\u00fcy\u00fc izleyen \/a\/ harfi, Rus\u00e7a ve T\u00fcrk-\u00a0\u00e7ede bir \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc izleyen \/a\/ harfinin verdi\u011fi, bizim transkripsiyonda \u015fapkal\u0131 \/\u00e2\/ ile\u00a0g\u00f6sterdi\u011fimiz, hafif genizden gelen [+a] \u00fcnl\u00fc sesini vermektedir: \u0430<\/b>\u0440\u044b [I\u0430<\/b>\u0440\u044b] de\u011fil\u00a0[\u00e2<\/b>\u0440\u044b] – evet; \u0430<\/b>\u0443 [I\u0430<\/b>\u0443] de\u011fil [\u00e2<\/b>\u045e] – fakat; \u0430<\/b>\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0433\u044a [I\u0430<\/b>\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0433\u044a] de\u011fil [\u00e2<\/b>\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0433\u044a] –\u00a0g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc].<\/p>\n

Aksine, Rus\u00e7an\u0131n kurallar\u0131na g\u00f6re, [Ia<\/b>] iki sesi ile ba\u015flayan s\u00f6zc\u00fckler de sadece \/a<\/b>\/ ile yaz\u0131labilecekken \/Ia<\/b>\/ ile yaz\u0131lmaktad\u0131r: I\u0430<\/b>\u043d\u044d – masa, sofra;\u00a0 I\u0430<\/b>\u043f\u0447 -cam;\u00a0I\u0430<\/b>\u0445\u044c\u044d – pay; I\u0430<\/b>\u0437\u044d – usta. Bu kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k da kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa neden olmakta, \u00f6zellikle dil bilmeyenlerin \/a<\/b>\/ harfini do\u011fru seslendirmeleri zorla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. 3\u00a0Biz, okullarda okutulan ilk \u00c7erkes\u00e7e alfabeyi 1853 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tiflis\u2019te yay\u0131mlayan,\u00a0yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 daha do\u011fru buldu\u011fumuz Berseyque W\u0131mar\u2019\u0131 (\u0411\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u0439\u043a\u044a\u0443\u044d \u040e\u044b\u043c\u0430\u0440)\u00a0izliyor, alfabeye \/\u00e2\/ harfini de ekliyor ve yukar\u0131daki s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri \u015fu \u015fekilde yaz\u0131yoruz:\u00a0\u00e2<\/b>\u0440\u044b \u2013 evet; \u00e2<\/b>\u045e -fakat]; \u00e2<\/b>\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0433\u044a \u2013 g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc; \u0430<\/b>\u043d\u044d [I\u0430<\/b>\u043d\u044d ] – masa, sofra; \u0430<\/b>\u043f\u0447 [I\u0430<\/b>\u043f\u0447] –\u00a0cam; \u0430<\/b>\u0445\u044c\u044d [I\u0430<\/b>\u0445\u044c\u044d] – pay; \u0430<\/b>\u0437\u044d [I\u0430<\/b>\u0437\u044d] \u2013 usta; \u0430\u044d<\/b>\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 [I\u0430I\u044d<\/b>\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442].<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131mda \/a<\/b>\/ harfi hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeden Rus\u00e7adaki gibi [Ia<\/b>] diye okunacak, \/\u00e2<\/b>\/\u00a0harfinin de Rus\u00e7adakinden farkl\u0131 bir sesi oldu\u011funun ay\u0131rd\u0131nda olunacak, birka\u00e7 kez\u00a0duyulmakla da \u00f6\u011frenilecektir. Yani okuyup yazma kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k bir yana \u00e7ok\u00a0kolayla\u015facakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bilgi Demeti: <\/b>Berseyque W\u0131mar\u2019\u0131 \u00c7erkes\u00e7ede olup Rus\u00e7ada olmayan\u00a0\u00c7erkes\u00e7e s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin ilk [+\u0430<\/b>] basit \u00fcnl\u00fc sesini, \u00f6n\u00fcne Frans\u0131zcan\u0131n \u201ch m\u00fce\u201d\u00a0dedikleri ses vermeyen \/h<\/b>\/ harfini koyarak g\u00f6stermei\u015ftir. Sesi olmayan \/h<\/b>\/ harfi,\u00a0\u00fcns\u00fcz bir sesin g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenmekte, g\u0131rtlak \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc so\u011furmakta: kendi i\u00e7inde\u00a0kaybetmektedir. h\u0430<\/b>\u0440\u044b [\u00e2<\/b>\u0440\u044b], h\u0430<\/b>\u0443 [\u00e2<\/b>\u045e], h\u0430<\/b>\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0433\u044a [\u00e2<\/b>\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0433\u044a].<\/p>\n

2-)<\/strong> Bat\u0131 \u00c7erkes\u00e7esinde [\u0432<\/b>] sesi bulunmamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, Rus\u00e7a ve Do\u011fu \u00c7erkes\u00e7esinde olan bu sesin harfinin \/\u0432<\/b>\/ alfabede yer alm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru buluyoruz.<\/p>\n

3-)<\/strong> Kendilerine \u00f6zg\u00fc sesi olmayan (\u044a<\/b>, \u044c<\/b>), i\u015faretlerin, \u00c7erkes\u00e7e yaz\u0131mdaki\u00a0i\u015flevleri \u00e7ok farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Rus\u00e7ada, izledikleri \u00fcns\u00fczlerin sesini sertle\u015ftiren (\u044a<\/b>) ya da\u00a0yumu\u015fatan (\u044c<\/b>), i\u015faretlere, ayr\u0131ca \u201ckesme i\u015fareti\u201d i\u015flevi de y\u00fcklenmi\u015ftir. Bu i\u015faretlerin \u00c7erkes\u00e7edeki g\u00f6revleri ise, izledikleri \u00fcns\u00fczlerle birlikte kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc sesi\u00a0olan yeni harfler olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile Rus\u00e7adaki gibi \u201csertle\u015ftirme\u201d,\u00a0\u201cyumu\u015fatma\u201d i\u015fareti demek de yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7erkes\u00e7ede yeni ve standart da olmayan\u00a0sesler olu\u015fturmak d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda i\u015flevleri olmayan bu i\u015faretlerin, zorunlu olmamakla\u00a0birlikte, Rus\u00e7a alfabenin temel karakterleri oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in alfabede ayr\u0131ca yer almal\u0131\u00a0ve bu i\u015faretlere \u201cses olu\u015fturan yard\u0131mc\u0131 i\u015faretler\u201d denmelidi.<\/p>\n

Bu yard\u0131mc\u0131 i\u015faretler yard\u0131m\u0131 ile olu\u015fturulmu\u015f yeni sesler veren \u00e7ift karakterle olu\u015fturulmu\u015f \/\u0433\u044a<\/b>\/, \/\u0436\u044a<\/b>\/, \/\u0436\u044c<\/b>\/, \/\u043a\u044a<\/b>\/, \/\u043b\u044a<\/b>\/, \/\u0445\u044a<\/b>\/, \/\u0445\u044c<\/b>\/, \/\u0447\u044a<\/b>\/, \/\u0448\u044a<\/b>\/ harfleri,\u00a0alfabede mutlaka yer almal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

4-)<\/strong> \/ \u0433 <\/b>\/ harfi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz alfabesinde iki ses vermektedir:<\/p>\n

a-) \/o<\/b>\/ ve \/y<\/b>-[u]\/ harflerinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde Rus\u00e7an\u0131n [\u0433<\/b>], T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin [g<\/b>] sesini verir.<\/p>\n

b-) Di\u011fer \u00fcnl\u00fclerin \u00f6n\u00fcnde Rus\u00e7ada bulunmayan T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin yumu\u015fak [\u011f<\/b>] sesini verir. Biz alfabeye, yumu\u015fak [\u011f<\/b>] kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak, okuma-yazmay\u0131 \u00e7ok\u00a0kolayla\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi ile [\u0491<\/b>] karakterini eklemeyi uygun bulduk.<\/p>\n

5-)<\/strong> Kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcn sesi olan iki ya da daha fazla harf ile verilmi\u015f sesler harf\u00a0olarak alfabelere al\u0131nmazken \/\u0434\u0436<\/b>\/, \/\u0434\u0437<\/b>\/ \u00e7ift karakterlerinin harf say\u0131lmas\u0131 ve alfabeye eklenmesini yanl\u0131\u015f buldu\u011fumuzdan bu iki sesi taslak alfabemize almad\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Bilgi Demeti<\/b>: Dil Bilim, iki ya da daha fazla harfle (sesi olan karakter) verilen\u00a0sesleri ayr\u0131 bir harf saym\u0131yor alfabeye de alm\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin Rus\u00e7ada da \u00c7erkes\u00e7ede\u00a0de [s] sesi veren \/\u0441\/ karakteri, Frans\u0131zcada da ayn\u0131 [s] sesini vermektedir. Ancak\u00a0ayn\u0131 karakterin, [o, u] \u00fcnl\u00fcleri ya da herhangi bir \u00fcns\u00fcz \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundu\u011funda\u00a0Frans\u0131zcada verdi\u011fi ses, T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin [k] sesidir. Almancada [s] sesi veren \/s\/ harfi, \/t\/\u00a0harfinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde oldu\u011funda [\u015f] sesi verir. S<\/b>top [\u015f<\/b>top]. \u0130ngilizce de \/ch\/ T\u00fcrk\u00e7edeki\u00a0[\u00e7] sesini verir. Ancak bu sesleri veren \u00e7ift karakterleri \/c\u043e\/; \/cu\/; \/st\/; \/ch\/,\u00a0Frans\u0131zca da Almanca da \u0130ngilizce de alfabelerine koymam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Rus\u00e7a\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0\u00a0alfabesinde de [j] sesi veren \/\u0441\u0436\/, \/\u0437\u0436\/, \/\u0436\u0436\/ \u00e7ift karakterleri ve benzerlerini\u00a0g\u00f6remiyoruz.<\/p>\n

6-)<\/strong> Ad\u0131\u011fe yaz\u0131n\u0131nda sadece Rus\u00e7adan al\u0131nt\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerde bulunsa da \/ \u0451 <\/b>\/\u00a0harfini, alfabede yer verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru buldu\u011fumuz i\u00e7in biz de tasla\u011f\u0131m\u0131za\u00a0ald\u0131k.<\/p>\n

7-)<\/strong> \u201c\u00c7ubuk\u00e7uk izledi\u011fi \u00fcns\u00fczlerin seslerini peki\u015ftirir\u201d kural\u0131 ile tan\u0131mlanabilecek 8 ses veren 7 karakter \u00e7iftinin (\u043aI (2), \u043bI, \u043fI, \u0442I, \u0446I, \u0447I, \u0448I.<\/b>)\u00a0 alfabede\u00a0bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru bulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in taslak alfabemize almad\u0131k. \u00c7ubuk\u00e7u\u011fun (I)\u00a0\u00fcns\u00fcz sesleri peki\u015ftirme g\u00f6revini de tasla\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, harfin \u00fczerine konacak\u00a0apostrofa (\u2018) y\u00fckledik.\u00a0\u043aI<\/b>, \u00e7ift karakteri ad\u0131\u011fabze yaz\u0131nda peki\u015ftirilmi\u015f iki ses vermektedir:<\/p>\n

a-) \u043aI<\/b>, \u00e7ift karakteri, \/o-[o]\/, \/y-[u]\/ harflerinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde ve s\u00f6zc\u00fck i\u00e7inde ise\u00a0\/\u0448\/ ve \/\u0441\/ harflerinden sonra [\u043a\u0301 – k\u0301] sesini vermektedir.<\/p>\n

b-) \u043aI<\/b>, \u00e7ift karakteri di\u011fer \u00fcnl\u00fclerin \u00f6n\u00fcnde [\u0447\u0301 \u2013 \u00e7\u0301] sesini vermektedir.<\/p>\n

\ud83d\ude0e [+y\u044b <\/i><\/b>– +u\u0131<\/i><\/b>] ve [+y\u044d <\/i><\/b>– +ue<\/i><\/b>] diftonglar\u0131ndan t\u00fcreyen dudaks\u0131 \u00fcns\u00fczler asla\u00a0birer harf de\u011fildir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz alfabesinde 14 (\u0433\u0443, \u0433\u044a\u0443, \u0434\u0437\u0443, \u0436\u044a\u0443, \u043a\u0443, \u043a\u044a\u0443, \u043aI\u0443, \u043fI\u0443<\/b>, \u0442I\u0443<\/b>,\u00a0\u0445\u044a\u0443, \u0446\u0443, \u0448\u044a\u0443, \u0448I\u0443, I\u0443.) dudaks\u0131 \u00fcns\u00fcz bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ancak biz Do\u011fu \u00c7erkes\u00e7e\u00a0yaz\u0131n\u0131nda bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bulunmay\u0131\u015f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir aksamaya neden olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in [\u043fI\u0443<\/b>,\u00a0\u0442I\u0443]<\/b>seslerinin Bat\u0131 \u00c7erkes\u00e7esi dudaks\u0131 \u00fcns\u00fczlerinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Bat\u0131\u00a0\u00c7erkes\u00e7esinde de dudaks\u0131 \u00fcns\u00fcz say\u0131lan, sonradan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclen, ancak do\u011fu \u00c7erkes\u00e7esinde yer alan [+xy] dudaks\u0131 \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn de eklenmesini uygun\u00a0 buluyor ve Bat\u0131<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkes\u00e7esinin dudaks\u0131 \u00fcns\u00fczleri 13\u2019t\u00fcr diyruz: [-\u0433\u0443], [-\u0433\u044a\u0443], [-\u0434\u0437\u0443], [-\u0436\u044a\u0443], [-\u043a\u0443],<\/p>\n

[-\u043a\u044a\u0443], [-\u043aI\u0443], [-xy], [-\u0445\u044a\u0443], [-\u0446\u0443], [-\u0448\u044a\u0443-], [-\u0448I\u0443], [-I\u0443]. 5<\/p>\n

9-) Bulundu\u011fu yere g\u00f6re hem \u00fcnl\u00fc hem de \u00fcns\u00fcz ses veren \/y<\/b>\/ harfine,\u00a0ayr\u0131ca \u201cdudaks\u0131 \u00fcns\u00fczleri\u201d olu\u015fturma g\u00f6revinin de y\u00fcklenmi\u015f olmas\u0131, ister \u00fcnl\u00fc\u00a0ister \u00fcns\u00fcz olsun \/y\/ harfini izleyen [\u044b <\/b>\u2013 \u0131<\/b>] sesinin yaz\u0131lmamas\u0131, ister \u00fcnl\u00fc ister\u00a0\u00fcns\u00fcz olsun \/y\/ harfini izleyen \u00fcnl\u00fc [\u044d <\/b>\u2013 e<\/b>] ise e\u011fer bu iki harfin \/y\u044d -ue<\/b>\/ sadece o\u00a0ile yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00c7erkes\u00e7e foneti\u011fin en karma\u015f\u0131k en zor anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bir\u00e7ok\u00a0dilbilim uzman\u0131nn\u0131 alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi\u011fi bu hata 1999 y\u0131l\u0131nda dilbilim uzmanlar\u0131nca kabul\u00a0edilen ortak alfabe tasla\u011f\u0131 ile de giderilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bize g\u00f6re;<\/p>\n

a-) \/y\/ harfi Rus\u00e7adaki gibi \u00fcnl\u00fc olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

b-) \/y\/ harfinin \u00fcns\u00fcz sesi i\u00e7in alfabeye ayr\u0131 bir karakter, \u00f6rne\u011fin trankripsiyondaki karakteri (\u045e) eklenmelidir.<\/p>\n

c-) \/y\/ \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc ile \/\u045e\/ \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fcnden sonra duyulan, ve daha \u00f6nce kullan\u0131lan bir\u00e7ok alfabede yaz\u0131lan [\u044b\u2013 \u0131] sesi mutlaka yaz\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

d-) \/y\u044d\/ harflerinin tek \/o\/ ile g\u00f6sterilmesinden vazge\u00e7ilmeli Do\u011fu<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkes\u00e7e\u00e7e yaz\u0131m\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi her durumda \/y\u044d\/ de\u011fil \/o\/ nun verdi\u011fi sesler<\/p>\n

[+y\u044d<\/i><\/b>] ya da [\u045e<\/b>\u044d<\/b>] yaz\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

e-) \u0130lk sesleri [+y <\/b>– +u] \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc olan [+y\u044d <\/i><\/b>– +ue<\/i><\/b>] ve [+y\u044b <\/i><\/b>– +u\u0131<\/i><\/b>] diftonglar\u0131ndan\u00a0t\u00fcredi\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak, asla birer harf olmayan dudaks\u0131 \u00fcns\u00fcz sesler, \u015fimdi\u00a0oldu\u011fu gibi \/y -u\/ ile olu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u201c\/y -u\/\u2019 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn son\u00a0harfi ise ya da izleyen ses \u00fcns\u00fcz ise izledi\u011fi \u00fcns\u00fcz ile birlikte dudaks\u0131 \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00a0seslerini, kendisini izleyen [\u044b\u2013 \u0131] \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc ise [+y\u044b <\/i><\/b>– +u\u0131<\/i><\/b>] diftongunu, izleyen \u00fcnl\u00fc [+\u044d\u00a0– +e] ise e\u011fer [+y\u044d <\/i><\/b>– +ue<\/i><\/b>] diftongunu olu\u015fturur kural\u0131 konunun anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in\u00a0yeterli olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

10-) Rus\u00e7ada hi\u00e7 s\u00f6zc\u00fck ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunmayan \/\u044b\/ \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc \u00c7erkes\u00e7e de \/\u044b\/\u00a0harfinin bir \u00fcns\u00fczden sonra verdi\u011fi, hafif genizden gelen [+\u044b] basit \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc verir.\u00a0Transkripsiyonda bu sesi s\u00f6zc\u00fck ba\u015f\u0131nda iken \u00fcst\u00fcnde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00e7izgi ile \/\u044b\u0305\/\u00a0g\u00f6steriyoruz. Ancak \u00e7ok eski dillerde bulunan b\u00f6ylesi sesler s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u0130\u00e7erisinde\u00a0kaybolmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Do\u011fu \u00c7erkes dilinde bu ses kaybolmu\u015f [\u0439\u044b] iki sesi onun\u00a0yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Diasporada da seste bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm olmu\u015ftur. Sesi \u00e7\u0131kartman\u0131n\u00a0zorlu\u011fu yan\u0131nda, iyelik s\u0131fat\u0131 v\u00fccudun bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterirken de kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r<\/p>\n

\u044b\u0448\u044a\u0445 [\u044b\u0305 \u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c \u2013\u00a0\u0131\u00a0\u015fh] \u0305 \u2013 kafas\u0131. Ancak g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u015fey vucudun par\u00e7as\u0131 de\u011filse \u0438\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d\u00a0[\u0439\u044b\u0434\u0436\u0430\u043d – y\u0131can] g\u00f6mle\u011fi-elbisesi denmektedir ki bu da \u00f6\u011frenimi olabildi\u011fince\u00a0zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile \u00f6nerimiz s\u00f6zc\u00fck ba\u015f\u0131ndaki bu sesin yerine Do\u011fu \u00c7erkes\u00e7esinde\u00a0oldu\u011fu gibi \/\u0439\u044b – y\u0131\/ ikilisini yazmay\u0131 uygun bulduk.6\u00a0Sonu\u00e7: <\/b><\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 \u00c7erkes\u00e7esi yaz\u0131 dilinin harfleri ve sesleri olu\u015ftururken\u00a0kullan\u0131lan karakter say\u0131s\u0131: 37<\/p>\n

\u00e2, \u0430, \u0431, \u0432, \u0433, \u0491, \u0434, <\/b>\u0435<\/b>, <\/b>\u0451<\/b>, \u0436, \u0437, <\/b>\u0438<\/b>, \u0439, \u043a, \u043b, \u043c, \u043d, <\/b>\u043e<\/b>, \u043f, \u0440, \u0441, \u0442, <\/b><\/p>\n

\u0443<\/b>, <\/b>\u045e<\/b>, \u0444, \u0445, \u0446, \u0447, \u0448, \u0449, \u044a, <\/b>\u044b<\/b>, \u044c, <\/b>\u044d<\/b>, <\/b>\u044e<\/b>, <\/b>\u044f<\/b>, I. <\/b><\/p>\n

Bat\u0131 \u00c7erkes\u00e7esi yaz\u0131 dilinin harflerinin say\u0131s\u0131: 46<\/p>\n

\u00e2, \u0430, \u0431, \u0432, \u0433, \u0491, <\/b>\u0433\u044a<\/b>, \u0434, <\/b>\u0435<\/b>, <\/b>\u0451<\/b>, \u0436, <\/b>\u0436\u044a<\/b>, <\/b>\u0436\u044c<\/b>, \u0437, <\/b>\u0438<\/b>, \u0439, \u043a, <\/b>\u043a\u044a<\/b>, \u043b, <\/b><\/p>\n

\u043b\u044a<\/b>, \u043c, \u043d, <\/b>\u043e<\/b>, \u043f, \u0440, \u0441, \u0442, <\/b>\u0443<\/b>, <\/b>\u045e<\/b>, \u0444, \u0445, <\/b>\u0445\u044a<\/b>, <\/b>\u0445\u044c<\/b>, \u0446, \u0447, <\/b>\u0447\u044a<\/b>, \u0448, <\/b>\u0448\u044a<\/b>, <\/b><\/p>\n

\u0449, \u044a, <\/b>\u044b<\/b>, \u044c, <\/b>\u044d<\/b>, <\/b>\u044e<\/b>, <\/b>\u044f<\/b>, I. <\/b><\/p>\n

Seslerinin say\u0131s\u0131 da 67 <\/b>dir:<\/p>\n

\u00dcnl\u00fcler: 12 <\/b><\/p>\n

Basit \u00fcnl\u00fcler: 7 <\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7ift \u00fcnl\u00fcler: 5 <\/b><\/p>\n

\u00dcns\u00fczler: 55 <\/b><\/p>\n

Tek karakter \u00fcns\u00fczleri: 23 <\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7ift karakter \u00fcns\u00fczleri: 17 <\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c7ift harf (sesi olan karakter) \u00fcns\u00fczleri: 2 <\/b><\/p>\n

Dudaks\u0131 \u00fcns\u00fczler: 13<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00d6rnekler<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u040e<\/b><\/span>\u042d\u041c \u0419\u042b\u0417\u042b\u0422\u0415\u0422<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0417\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0444\u044d\u043c\u00a0\u045e\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u044d\u0449\u0445\u044b \u0437\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0444\u044d\u043c\u00a0\u045e\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u044d\u0441\u044b. \u041d\u0435\u043f\u044d \u043c\u0430\u0444\u044d\u0440 \u043c\u0430\u0444\u044d\u00a0\u0434\u0430\u0445, \u043d\u044d\u0444\u044b\u043d, \u0444\u0430\u0431\u044d.
\n\u041d\u0430\u043d\u044d\u0440\u044d \u0442\u0430\u0442\u044d\u0440\u044d \u0447\u044b\u043b\u044d\u043c \u0449\u044d\u043f\u0441\u044d\u045e<\/b>\u044b.\u041d\u0435\u043f\u044d \u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u0445\u0430\u0442\u044d\u043c\u00a0\u0434\u044d\u0442\u044b\u0445. \u0425\u0430\u0442\u044d\u043c \u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u044d \u0434\u044d\u0434\u044d \u0434\u044d\u0442. \u041c\u044b\u0435\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0439\u044b\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0434\u0430\u0445\u044d\u0445.10<\/p>\n

\"\"
\n\u041d\u0430\u043d\u044d \u0439\u044b\u0447\u044d\u0442\u0445\u044d\u0440<\/b><\/p>\n

\u041d\u0430\u043d\u044d \u0439\u044b\u0447\u044d\u0442\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0431\u044d\u00a0\u0434\u044d\u0434. \u0411\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0440 \u0431\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d.\u00a0\u0411\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u043c\u00a0\u043d\u0430\u043d\u044d\u00a0\u0439\u044b\u0447\u044d\u0442\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0435\u0448\u0445\u044b. \u041d\u0430\u043d\u044d \u00e2<\/b><\/span>\u0440 \u0439\u044b\u0434\u044d\u043d\u0430? \u0411\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u043c \u0431\u044d\u0449\u044b\u0440 \u0434\u0435\u0448\u0442\u044d,\u00a0\u0435\u045e<\/b><\/span>\u044d, \u0435\u0444\u044b\u2026<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u041d\u0430\u043d\u044d \u0439\u044b\u0447\u044d\u0442\u0449\u044b\u043f\u0441<\/b><\/p>\n

\u041d\u0430\u043d\u044d \u0439\u044b\u0430\u043d\u044d \u0447\u044d\u0442\u0449\u044b\u043f\u0441\u0438 \u043b\u044b\u043b\u044d\u043f\u0441\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0442. \u0420\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0434\u044d\u0440\u044d \u041f\u044d\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0440\u044d\u00a0\u043c\u0430\u0448\u0445\u044d.\u00a0\u0420\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0434\u044d \u0447\u044d\u0442\u0449\u044b\u043f\u0441 \u0435\u0448\u0445\u044b. \u041f\u044d\u0440\u044b\u0442\u00a0\u00a0\u043b\u044b\u043b\u044d\u043f\u0441\u044b\u043c \u0449\u044d\u043b\u0430\u043c\u044d\u00a0\u00a0\u0434\u0435\u0448\u0445\u044b.
\n\u0427\u044d\u0442\u044b\u045e<\/b><\/span>\u044b\u0440 \u043c\u044d\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044d \u0449\u044b\u0441. \u041f\u044d\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b \u0447\u044d\u0442\u044b\u045e<\/b><\/span>\u044b\u043c \u0447\u044d\u0442\u044b\u043b \u0440\u0435\u0442\u044b.\u00a0\u0427\u044d\u0442\u044b\u045e<\/b>\u044b\u043c \u043b\u044b\u0440 \u0435\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0439\u044b, \u0439\u044b\u0433\u0443\u0430<\/i><\/b><\/span>\u043f\u044d\u045e \u0435\u0448\u0445\u044b.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u041d\u0430\u043d\u044d \u0439\u044b\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0447\u044d\u0442\u0445\u044d\u0440<\/b><\/p>\n

\u041d\u0430\u043d\u044d \u0439\u044b\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0447\u044d\u0442\u0445\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u044d \u0434\u044d\u0434. \u041f\u0441\u044b\u0447\u044d\u0442\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043f\u0441\u044b\u043c \u0449\u0435\u0441\u044b\u0445.\u00a0\u00a0\u041f\u0441\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0445\u044d\u045e <\/b><\/span>\u0449\u0435\u0441\u044b\u0445.\u00a0\u041f\u0441\u044d\u0444\u0438\u0442\u0438, \u041f\u044d\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0441\u044b\u0447\u044d\u0442\u0445\u044d\u043c \u00e2<\/b><\/span>\u0444\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0445.\u00a0\u041f\u0441\u044b\u043c\u00a0\u0445\u044d\u0441\u044b\u0445, \u0449\u0435\u0441\u044b\u0445, \u043f\u0441\u044b\u0440 \u0437\u044d\u0440\u0430\u045e<\/b>\u044b\u0442\u0445\u044b, \u0449\u044d\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0433\u0443\u044b<\/i><\/b><\/span>\u0445.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0413<\/b>\u0443\u044b<\/b>\u043d\u044d\u0444\u0440\u044d \u041d\u044d\u0440\u044b\u0441\u0440\u044d<\/b><\/p>\n

\u0413\u0443\u044b<\/b><\/span>\u043d\u044d\u0444\u0440\u044d \u041d\u044d\u0440\u044b\u0441\u0440\u044d \u0447\u044b\u043b\u044d\u043c \u0434\u044d\u0441\u044b\u0445, \u044f\u0449\u044d\u043d\u044d\u0440\u044d \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043c\u00a0\u0437\u044d\u0434\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0445, \u0437\u044d\u0434\u0435\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0445.\u00a0\u042f\u0442\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0437\u044d\u0448\u044b\u0445. \u041d\u0435\u043f\u044d \u0435\u0434\u0436\u044d\u043d\u00a0\u045e\u00a0<\/b><\/span>\u044b\u0436\u044b\u043c \u0437\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0448\u0445\u044d\u0449\u0442\u044b\u0445.\u00a0\u0413\u0443\u044b<\/i><\/b>\u043d\u044d\u0444 \u0439\u044b\u0448\u0445\u044b\u0449\u0442\u044b\u0440 \u0447\u044d\u0442\u0449\u044b\u043f\u0441\u0440\u044d \u043c\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0440\u0441\u044d\u0440\u044d.\u00a0\u041d\u044d\u0440\u044b\u0441 \u0437\u044b\u0444\u0430\u0435\u0440 \u043b\u044b\u043b\u044d\u043f\u0441\u0440\u044d \u0449\u044d\u043b\u0430\u043c\u044d\u0440\u044d.\u00a0\u0427\u044d\u0442\u0449\u044b\u043f\u0441, \u043c\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0440\u0441\u044d, \u043b\u044b\u043b\u044d\u043f\u0441, \u0449\u044d\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u0431\u044d\u0434\u0436\u044b\u043d… \u041c\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0440\u00a0\u043f\u0441\u0442\u044d\u045e<\/b>\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044d\u0442\u044b\u0435\u0445,\u0442\u044d\u0442\u0438\u0448\u0445\u044b\u043d\u044b\u0445\u2026<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0427\u044d\u0442\u044b<\/b>\u045e <\/b>\u041d\u044d\u0435\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0439<\/b><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

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Dr. MEŞFEŞ’Ü Necdet Hatam Bilindiği gibi Adığabzenin bugün için kullanımda olan iki alfabesi bulunmaktadır. Kirill temelli bu İki alfabenin çoğu harfleri aynı sesi vermekle birlikte, her iki diyalektteki kimi benzer seslerin farklı harflerle gösterilmiş olması ve bu büyük hatanın bugüne kadar düzeltilmemiş oluşu kolay anlaşılır bir durum değil. Adığe dili için tek alfabeye geçilmesi ve alfabenin kolaylaştırılması, öncelikle […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dil-bilgisi-ve-dersleri","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40652","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40652"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40652\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40694,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40652\/revisions\/40694"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40652"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40652"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40652"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}