{"id":40674,"date":"2024-08-04T13:23:53","date_gmt":"2024-08-04T18:23:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=40674"},"modified":"2024-08-04T14:42:30","modified_gmt":"2024-08-04T19:42:30","slug":"cerkescenin-ses-bilimi-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/cerkescenin-ses-bilimi-1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ERKES\u00c7EN\u0130N SES B\u0130L\u0130M\u0130 -1"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Dr. ME\u015eFE\u015e’\u00dc Necdet Hatam<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bilindi\u011fi gibi Ad\u0131\u011fabzenin bug\u00fcn i\u00e7in kullan\u0131mda olan iki alfabesi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Kirill\u00a0temelli bu \u0130ki alfabenin \u00e7o\u011fu harfleri ayn\u0131 sesi vermekle birlikte, her iki diyalektteki kimi benzer\u00a0seslerin farkl\u0131 harflerle g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve bu b\u00fcy\u00fck hatan\u0131n bug\u00fcne kadar d\u00fczeltilmemi\u015f\u00a0olu\u015fu kolay anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir durum de\u011fil. Ad\u0131\u011fe dili i\u00e7in tek alfabeye ge\u00e7ilmesi ve alfabenin kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00f6ncelikle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi gerekli en \u00f6nemli ulusal sorunlar\u0131m\u0131zdan biri. Konuyu\u00a0s\u00fcrekli g\u00fcndemde tutanlar da \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u201chalk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n politikac\u0131lar\u0131\u201d aras\u0131nda sayabilece\u011fimiz\u00a0dernek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bunun bir nedeni alfabelerimizin, tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f dilbilgisi kurallar\u0131n\u0131n, dilbilimci\u00a0olmayanlar\u0131n bile fark\u0131na varabildi\u011fi eksikliklerinin olmas\u0131, fazlal\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7ermesi, dahas\u0131 kimi\u00a0kurallar\u0131n genel dilbilim kurallar\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131, bir di\u011fer nedeni de konunun as\u0131l\u00a0sorumlular\u0131n\u0131n, konuya gereken \u00f6nemi vermemeleridir. As\u0131l neden ise d\u00fc\u015fledi\u011fimiz gelecek\u00a0i\u00e7in, halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n dil birli\u011finin \u00f6nemidir. Ki bunu 14-16 Ekim 2008\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen dil\u00a0konferans\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bildiride \u015f\u00f6yle vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u041aI\u044d\u043aI\u044d\u0443, \u043b\u044a\u044d\u043f\u043a\u044a \u0438\u0442\u044d\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0440 \u0446\u044d\u0440\u044b\u0446\u044d\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u044d\u0442\u044b\u0443\u0433\u044a\u043e\u0438\u0436\u044c\u044b\u043d \u0442\u044b\u043c\u044b\u043b\u044a\u044d-\u00a0<\/i><\/b>\u043aI\u044b\u0449\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u044a\u044d\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0433\u044a\u043e \u0437\u044d\u0444\u044d\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0444\u044b\u0431\u044d\u043c\u044d \u0430\u0449\u044b\u043f\u0441\u044d-\u0443\u0440\u044d, \u0430I\u043e\u0440\u044d \u0430\u0448I\u044d\u0440\u044d \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043b\u044a \u0437\u044b\u00a0<\/i><\/b>\u043b\u044a\u044d\u043f\u043a\u044a \u0442\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0436\u044c\u044b\u043d \u0437\u044d\u0440\u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u043aI\u044b\u0449-\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0433\u0443\u0433\u044a\u0430\u043fI\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043d\u044d\u0440\u044b\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0445. \u0428\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043aI\u044d \u0430\u0440\u00a0<\/i><\/b>\u043a\u044a\u044b\u0434\u0434\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0443\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0435, \u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0438\u043c \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0434\u044d\u043b\u044a\u0444\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u043aI\u044d \u0442\u044b\u0437\u044d\u0433\u0443\u0440\u044bI\u043e\u043d,\u00a0<\/i><\/b>\u0442\u0438-\u0442\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u0438 \u0437\u044b \u0445\u044a\u0443\u043d \u0444\u0430\u0435\u2026 <\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00d6zetle da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 dane dane derleyip bir araya getiremeyecek isek de\u00a0<\/i><\/b>farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fayan, birlikte \u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcp birlikte sevinen bir halk olabilece\u011fimiz umudu\u00a0<\/i><\/b>art\u0131k \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131k. Ancak bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyadaki t\u00fcm ad\u0131\u011felerin anadilimiz\u00a0<\/i><\/b>ile anla\u015fabilir olmam\u0131z ve yaz\u0131 dilimizin de ortak olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.\u201d\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

Bu kayg\u0131 ve gelecek kurgusu birbirine benzemez \u00e7ok say\u0131da alfabe \u00f6nerilmesine neden\u00a0olmu\u015f ve olmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00f6neri fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, t\u0131p fak\u00fcltesi \u00f6\u011frencili\u011fimde hocalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n\u00a0s\u00f6yledi\u011fi, akl\u0131mda kalan \u015fu kuralla a\u00e7\u0131klayabilece\u011fimizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum:\u201cBir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131nda farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemler, farkl\u0131 ila\u00e7 gruplar\u0131 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131,\u00a0<\/i>kullan\u0131m\u0131n standardatize edilememi\u015f olmas\u0131 bu hastal\u0131k, yeterince tan\u0131mlanamad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6zellikleri\u00a0<\/i>yeterince bilinemedi\u011fi i\u00e7indir.\u201d <\/i><\/p>\n

Daha kolay, daha do\u011fru bir alfabe i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle, alfabelerimizdeki, genel dilbilime ayk\u0131r\u0131\u00a0tan\u0131mlar\u0131n, kurallar\u0131n ay\u0131klanmas\u0131, do\u011frular\u0131 ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k olanlar\u0131n daha anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r\u00a0\u015fekilde yeniden tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n

Bize g\u00f6re yaz\u0131m kural\u0131m\u0131zdaki en temel yanl\u0131\u015flardan biri, seslerle harflerin kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u00a0olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130lgin\u00e7tir bu kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma sadece \u00c7erkes\u00e7enin de\u011fil Rus\u00e7an\u0131n da T\u00fcrk\u00e7enin de sorunudur.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkes\u00e7ede \u00c7ubuk\u00e7uk \/I\/ ve Arap\u00e7ada hemze \/\u0621\/ ile g\u00f6sterilen g\u0131rtlak \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc Rus\u00e7a, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve\u00a0b\u00fct\u00fcn Avrupa dillerinde oldu\u011fu halde bu dillerin alfabelerinde bu sese \u00f6zg\u00fc bir harf\u00a0bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu ses i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir karakter ayr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 bir\u00e7ok dilcide bu sesin de\u00a0olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi yanl\u0131\u015f anlay\u0131\u015fa neden olmakta ve bunu yazan dilcilere de rastlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Konunun anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u00c7erkes\u00e7ede \u00c7ubuk\u00e7uk \/I\/ ve Arap\u00e7ada hemze \/ \u0621\/ ile g\u00f6sterilen\u00a0\u201cg\u0131rtlak \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc\u201d ve \u00fcnl\u00fc seslerle ili\u015fkisinin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131 gerekmek-tedir. Bu ses T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u00a0yaz\u0131mda genellikle \/\u2018\/ apostrof ile g\u00f6sterilmektedir.<\/p>\n

G\u0131rtlak \u00dcns\u00fcz\u00fc <\/b><\/p>\n

G\u0131rtlak \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc iki farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde olu\u015fmakta, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmakta ve bu ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f \u015fekline g\u00f6re\u00a0de adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

1- <\/b>A\u00e7ma G\u0131rtlak \u00dcns\u00fcz\u00fc<\/b>: B\u00fct\u00fcn dillerde olan bir sestir. Olu\u015fumuna sadece ses telleri\u00a0kat\u0131lmakta konu\u015fmada kendisinden sonra mutlaka bir \u00fcnl\u00fc ses bulunmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2- <\/b>\u00c7arpma G\u0131rtlak \u00dcns\u00fcz\u00fc<\/b>: \u00dcnl\u00fc seslerden birinin \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ses tellerinin\u00a0sert\u00e7e kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan setir. Ses olarak a\u00e7ma g\u0131rtlak sesinin ayn\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Arap\u00e7a ve\u00a0\u00c7erkes\u00e7ede olan bu ses T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve Rus\u00e7ada yoktur.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm dillerde basit \u00fcnl\u00fc sesler, bir \u00fcnl\u00fc harfin bir \u00fcns\u00fczden sonra geldi\u011finde verdi\u011fi hafif\u00a0genizden gelen sestir. Bu basit \u00fcnl\u00fc sesleri k\u00f6\u015feli parantezde \u00f6n\u00fcne art\u0131 i\u015fareti \/+\/ koyarak\u00a0g\u00f6steriyoruz. Art\u0131 i\u015fareti \/+\/ bu \u00fcnl\u00fc sesin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki ve kendisi ile hece olu\u015fturdu\u011fu herhangi bir\u00a0\u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fcn yerini tutmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ba [+a]; be [+e]; k\u0131 [+\u0131]; ki [+i]; to [+o]; m\u00f6 [+\u00f6]; bu [+u]; s\u00fc [+\u00fc]<\/p>\n

Rus\u00e7a ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede (muhtemelen di\u011fer Avrupa dillerinde de) sesli harfler hece ba\u015f\u0131nda\u00a0(yani s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ilk harfi olduklar\u0131nda ya da bir \u00fcnl\u00fcden sonra geldiklerinde) ilk sesleri g\u0131rtlak\u00a0\u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc [\u2018] olmak \u00fczere iki\u015fer ses verirler:<\/p>\n

Ankara [ \u2018an<\/span> \u2013 ka<\/span> -ra<\/span> ]; Edirne [ \u2018e<\/span> \u2013 dir- ne<\/span>]; Il\u0131k [ \u2018\u0131<\/span>– l\u0131<\/span>k] \u0130zmir [\u2018i<\/span>z -mir]; Oto [ \u2018o<\/span>to<\/span>];<\/p>\n

\u00f6t\u00f6nazi [ \u2018\u00f6<\/span> – t\u00f6<\/span> – na – zi]; Ulus [ \u2018u<\/span> – lu<\/span>s]; \u00dcst\u00fcn [ \u2018\u00fc<\/span>s – t\u00fc<\/span>n].<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi gibi s\u00f6zc\u00fck ba\u015f\u0131ndaki \u00fcnl\u00fc harfler, birincisi g\u0131rtlak \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc [\u2018] ikincisi kendi\u00a0basit \u00fcnl\u00fc sesi (\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u0131rtlak sesi de bir \u00fcns\u00fczd\u00fcr ve \u00fcnl\u00fcleri izleyen sesli harfler kendi basit\u00a0\u00fcnl\u00fc seslerini verirler.) olmak \u00fczere iki\u015fer ses verirken \u00fcns\u00fczleri izleyen \u00fcnl\u00fc harfler sadece\u00a0kendi basit \u00fcnl\u00fc seslerini vermektedirler.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede de Rus\u00e7ada da \u00e7ift \u00fcnl\u00fc (diftong) yoktur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131 ile kelime i\u00e7inde iki \u00fcnl\u00fc yan\u00a0yana geldi\u011finde ikinci \u00fcnl\u00fc yeni bir hece ba\u015flatmaktad\u0131r. Ki bu durum her iki dilde de al\u0131nt\u0131\u00a0s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerde g\u00f6zlenmektedir:<\/p>\n

Saat [sa<\/span> \u2013 \u2018a<\/span>t]; [ma<\/span> \u2013 \u2018a<\/span> -rif]; \u0430\u044d\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 [\u2018a<\/span> \u2013 \u2018e<\/span> \u2013 ro<\/span> – po<\/span>rt], ateist<\/p>\n

[\u2018a<\/span> \u2013 te \u2013 \u2018i<\/span>st], re\u2019sen [re\u2019<\/span> -sen].<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkes\u00e7ede T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve Rus\u00e7ada olmayan peki\u015ftirilmi\u015f sesler de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bat\u0131\u00a0ad\u0131\u011fecesinde bu seslerin say\u0131s\u0131 8\u2019dir. Bunlar 7 \u00e7ift karakterle verilmi\u015ftir. Yaz\u0131n\u0131m\u0131zda bu\u00a0peki\u015ftirme g\u00f6revi de \u00e7ubuk\u00e7u\u011fa \/I\/ verilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylesi durumlarda \u00e7ubuk\u00e7uk kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcn\u00a0sesini vermemekte sadece izledi\u011fi \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fcn sesini peki\u015ftirmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u043aI <\/b>iki ses vermektedir [k\u0301], [\u00e7\u0301];
\n<\/b>[k\u0301]: \u043c\u0430\u043aI\u0443\u044d <\/b>[mak\u0301ue] gidiyor, \u043aI\u0443\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d <\/b>[ k\u0301ua\u011fhe ] gitti, \u043c\u044d\u0437\u0435\u043aI\u0443\u044d <\/b>mezyek\u0301ue]: geziniyor
\n[\u00e7\u0301] \u043c\u0430\u043aI\u044d <\/b>[ma\u00e7\u0301e] az, \u043aI\u044b\u043c\u0430\u0444 <\/b>[ \u00e7\u0301\u0131maf] k\u0131\u015f, \u0433\u0443\u044d\u043aI\u044b <\/b>[gue\u00e7\u0301\u0131] ayr\u0131l\u0131yor
\n\u043bI<\/b>: \u043bI\u044b <\/b>[lh\u0131] adam, \u043bI\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d <\/b>[lh\u0131\u011fhe] yi\u011fitlik.
\n\u043fI<\/b>: \u043fI\u0430\u043b\u044a\u044d <\/b>[p\u0301\u2019alhe] yer, belirlenmi\u015f s\u00fcre
\n\u0442I<\/b>: \u043c\u0430\u0442I\u044d <\/b>[mate] kaz\u0131yor, \u0301 \u0442I\u044b <\/b>[t\u0131]\u0301 ko\u00e7
\n\u0446I<\/b>: \u0446I\u044b\u0444 <\/b>[ts\u0301\u0131f] insan, \u043c\u0430\u0446I\u044d <\/b>[mats\u0301e] \u00e7ekirge s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fc
\n\u0447I<\/b>: \u0447I\u044b <\/b>[\u00e7h\u0131] yer, \u0447I\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0433\u044a <\/b>[\u00e7h\u0131da\u011fh] petrol.
\n\u0448I<\/b>: \u0435\u0448I\u044d <\/b>[ye\u015f\u0301e] yap\u0131yor, \u0435\u0448I\u044d <\/b>[ye\u015f\u2019e] biliyor<\/p>\n

Bu karakterlerin 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz alfabesine eklenmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131, geli\u015fmi\u015f dillerin\u00a0alfabe olu\u015fturma y\u00f6ntemi ile uyu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in do\u011fru bulmuyoruz.\u00a0 Gereksiz yere harf say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmakta \u00f6\u011frenimi zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u201c\u00c7ubuk\u00e7uk, izledi\u011fi\u00a0\u00fcns\u00fczlerin sesini peki\u015ftirir ya da apostrof \u00fczerine konan \u00fcns\u00fczlerin sesini peki\u015ftirir\u201d kural\u0131n\u0131\u00a0\u00f6\u011frenmek, bu kadar karakterin \u00f6\u011frenilmesinden \u00e7ok daha kolay olsa gerek.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dr. MEŞFEŞ’Ü Necdet Hatam Bilindiği gibi Adığabzenin bugün için kullanımda olan iki alfabesi bulunmaktadır. Kirill temelli bu İki alfabenin çoğu harfleri aynı sesi vermekle birlikte, her iki diyalektteki kimi benzer seslerin farklı harflerle gösterilmiş olması ve bu büyük hatanın bugüne kadar düzeltilmemiş oluşu kolay anlaşılır bir durum değil. Adığe dili için tek alfabeye geçilmesi ve alfabenin kolaylaştırılması, öncelikle 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