{"id":40780,"date":"2024-08-11T12:28:13","date_gmt":"2024-08-11T17:28:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=40780"},"modified":"2024-08-11T12:28:13","modified_gmt":"2024-08-11T17:28:13","slug":"cerkescenin-ses-bilimi-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/cerkescenin-ses-bilimi-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ERKES\u00c7EN\u0130N SES B\u0130L\u0130M\u0130 -2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-40653\" src=\"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/CERKESCENIN-SES-BILIMI-I-b.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"571\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/CERKESCENIN-SES-BILIMI-I-b.png 571w, https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/CERKESCENIN-SES-BILIMI-I-b-300x158.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Dr. ME\u015eFE\u015e&#8217;\u00dc Necdet Hatam<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><b>\u0130kinci temel yanl\u0131\u015f<\/b>, alfabelerinde bir kez yer alm\u0131\u015f harflerin yan yana gelerek\u00a0verdi\u011fi sesler, bilinen di\u011fer dillerde, \u201cbu harfler yan yana geldi\u011finde \u015fu sesi verir\u201d gibi\u00a0kurallarla \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmi\u015fken, Ad\u0131\u011fe alfabelerinde, bu seslerin \u00e7ift karakterlerinin de\u00a0alfabeye ayr\u0131 harflermi\u015f gibi eklenmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Almanca alfabede \/s\/ ve \/t\/\u00a0harfleri yer al\u0131rken [\u015f] sesi veren \/st\/ karakter \u00e7ifti, Frans\u0131zcada, \/p\/ ve \/h\/ harfleri alfabede\u00a0yer al\u0131rken [f] sesi veren [ph] karakter \u00e7ifti alfabelere konmam\u0131\u015f, yan yana gelen bu\u00a0harflerin verdi\u011fi ses, dilbilgisi kural\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Benzerbir kuralla tan\u0131mlanabilecek\u00a0\/\u0434\u0436\/ [c], \/\u0434\u0437\/ [dz], seslerinin birer harf gibi alfabeye konmu\u015f olmas\u0131, alfabedeki harf\u00a0say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 gereksiz yere \u00e7o\u011faltmakla kalmam\u0131\u015f, alfabeyi daha zor anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><b>\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc temel yanl\u0131\u015f<\/b>&#8211; \u00c7erkes\u00e7ede \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n olan \u00e7ift \u00fcnl\u00fclerin tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f\u00a0olmas\u0131, Rus\u00e7ada kelime ba\u015f\u0131nda ve \u00fcnl\u00fcden sonra iki ses veren harflerin, dilbilime ayk\u0131r\u0131\u00a0olarak diftong say\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r: <b>\u0435 <\/b>[ye], <b>\u0451 <\/b>[yo], <b>\u0438 <\/b>[\u0439\u044b], <b>\u044e <\/b>[yu], <b>\u044f <\/b>[ya]. Oysa \/<b>\u0438<\/b>\/ d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ayn\u0131 sesleri\u00a0veren ayn\u0131 harfler Rus\u00e7ada diftong say\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \/<b>\u0438<\/b>\/ harfi de Rus\u00e7ada\u00a0yumu\u015fatma i\u015faretinden sonra [\u0439\u0438] \u00e7ift sesini vermektedir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7erkes\u00e7enin 5 \u00e7ift \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc ise \u015funlard\u0131r: <b><i>y\u0430 <\/i><\/b>[+<i>ua<\/i>], <b><i>\u0443\u0435 <\/i><\/b>[+<i>uye<\/i>], <b><i>\u0443\u0438 <\/i><\/b>[+<i>ui<\/i>], <b><i>\u0443\u044b <\/i><\/b>[+<i>u\u0131<\/i>], <b><i>\u0443\u044d <\/i><\/b>[+<i>ue<\/i>].<\/p>\n<p><b>D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc temel yanl\u0131\u015f <\/b>\u2013 diftonglardan do\u011fan dudaks\u0131 seslerin (labializesesler \u2013 I\u0443\u043f\u0448I\u044d \u043c\u0430\u043a\u044a\u044d) iyi tan\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ancak diftonglar ile dudaks\u0131 seslerin ili\u015fkilerinin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \/y\/ harfine bat\u0131\u00a0ad\u0131\u011fabzesinde y\u00fcklenen g\u00f6revleri i\u00e7selle\u015ftirmek gerekmektedir. Ki bir facia olarak\u00a0de\u011ferlendirilebilecek bu durum alfabenin anla\u015f\u0131lmaz olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi\u00a0ku\u015fkusunu da uyand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>I-) \/y\/ harfi \u00c7erkes\u00e7ede, bir \u00fcnl\u00fc ile hece olu\u015fturdu\u011funda kendisi T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede\u00a0olmayan, Latin temelli alfabede \/w\/ ile g\u00f6sterilebilen, transkripsiyonda \/\u045e\/ karakteri ile\u00a0g\u00f6sterilen. Arap\u00e7an\u0131n vav harfinin \/ \u0648 \/ sesini vermektedir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rnekler:<\/p>\n<p>a-)\/y\/ harfis\u00f6zc\u00fck ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00fcns\u00fczd\u00fcr.<br \/>\n\u0423\u0430\u043d\u044d [\u045e\u0430\u043d\u044d &#8211; wane] eyer, \u0443\u0430\u0442\u044d [\u045e\u0430\u0442\u044d &#8211; wate] \u00e7eki\u00e7 \u0443\u0435\u0445\u044c\u044b [\u045e\u0435\u0445\u044c\u044b \u2013 wyeh\u0131] seni\u00a0g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor, \u0443\u0435\u0441\u044b [\u045e\u0435\u0441\u044b &#8211; wyes\u0131] e\u00fcz\u00fcyorsun, \u0443\u0438\u0442 [\u045e\u0438\u0442 \u2013 i\u00e7inde duruyorsun], \u0443\u0438\u0441 [\u045e\u0438\u0441 \u2013 i\u00e7inde\u00a0oturuyorsun].<br \/>\nb-) S\u00f6zc\u00fck i\u00e7inde bir \u00fcnl\u00fcden sonra hece ba\u015f\u0131nda:\u00a0\u043c\u044d\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044a\u044d [\u043c\u044d\u045e\u0430\u043b\u044a\u044d &#8211; mewalhe] dalgalan\u0131yor, \u0435\u0449\u044b\u0443 [\u0435\u0449\u044b\u045e\u044b \u2013 ye\u015f\u0131w\u0131] tuzluyor.<br \/>\nc-) izledi\u011fi \u00fcnl\u00fc ile hece olu\u015fturdu\u011funda:\u00a0\u0447\u044d\u0442\u044b\u0443 [\u0447\u044d\u0442\u044b\u045e &#8211; \u00e7et\u0131w] kedi, \u043d\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0443 [\u043d\u0430\u043d\u044b\u045e &#8211; nan\u0131w] k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ocuk.<\/p>\n<p><b>Ancak!!!! <\/b><\/p>\n<p>\/\u045e\/ \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc izleyen \u00fcnl\u00fc e\u011fer \u044b [\u0131] ise: s\u00f6ylenir duyulur ancak yaz\u0131lmaz. Bu\u00a0durumda \/y\/ harfi [\u045e\u044b &#8211; w\u0131] seslerini verir: \u0443\u043d\u044d [\u045e\u044b\u043d\u044d &#8211; w\u0131ne ], \u043c\u044d\u0443\u043d\u044d [\u043c\u044d\u045e\u044b\u043d\u044d &#8211;\u00a0mew\u0131ne] g\u00f6neniyor.<\/p>\n<p><b>Ve yine ancak!!! <\/b><\/p>\n<p>\/\u045e\/ \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc izleyen \u00fcnl\u00fc e\u011fer \u044d [e] ise; bu iki ses [\u045e\u044d]sadece \/o\/ harfi ile g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0440\u044b [\u045e\u044d\u0440\u044b &#8211; wer\u0131] sen, \u041c\u0430\u043e [\u043c\u0430\u045e\u044d &#8211; mawe] vuruyor.<\/p>\n<p>II- izledi\u011fi \u00fcns\u00fcz ile hece olu\u015fturan \/y\/ harfi [u] \u00fcnl\u00fc sesini verir, kendisini izleyen<\/p>\n<p>\u00fcnl\u00fclerle de \u00e7ift \u00fcnl\u00fc &#8211; diftong olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n<p>\u041a<b><i>\u0443\u0430<\/i><\/b>\u043c\u044d [k<i>ua<\/i>me] dal budak, \u0433<b><i>\u0443\u0435<\/i><\/b>\u0445\u044b [g<i>uye<\/i>x\u0131] ay\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p><b>Ancak!!! <\/b><\/p>\n<p>[\u0414\u0437], [\u0436\u044a],[\u0446\u0443], [\u0448\u044a\u0443],[\u0448I\u0443] seslerinden sonra gelen ve \/\u0435 [ye]\/,\/\u0438 [i]\/ \u00fcnl\u00fcleri\u00a0\u00f6n\u00fcndeki \/y\/ harfi T\u00fcrk\u00e7edeki [\u00fc] \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcne yak\u0131n bir ses verir: \u0448\u044a<b><i>\u0443\u0438<\/i><\/b>\u0442 [\u015f<i>\u00fci<\/i>t] i\u00e7inde\u00a0duruyorsunuz.<\/p>\n<p><b>Ve yine ancak!!! <\/b><\/p>\n<p>\/y\/ \u00fcnl\u00fc harfini izleyen e\u011fer [\u044b] \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc ise s\u00f6ylenir duyulur: yaz\u0131lmaz. Bir \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc\u00a0izleyen \/y\/ harfitek ba\u015f\u0131na <b><i>\u0443\u044b <\/i><\/b>[<b><i>u\u0131<\/i><\/b>] \u00e7ift \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n<p>I<b><i>\u0443<\/i><\/b>\u043d\u044d [I<b><i>\u0443\u044b<\/i><\/b>\u043d\u044d \u2013 <i>u\u0131<\/i>ne] \u00e7ivi, \u0433<b><i>\u0443 <\/i><\/b>[\u0433<b><i>\u0443\u044b <\/i><\/b>&#8211; g<i>u\u0131<\/i>] kalp.<\/p>\n<p><b>Ve yine, yine ancak!!! <\/b><\/p>\n<p>\/y\/ \u00fcnl\u00fc harfini izleyen e\u011fer [\u044d] \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc ise, iki ses sadece \/o\/ harfi ile\u00a0g\u00f6sterilir. Ve bir \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc izleyen \/<b><i>o<\/i><\/b>\/ harfi [<b><i>ue<\/i><\/b>] \u00e7ift \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturur:<\/p>\n<p>\u0413<b><i>\u043e<\/i><\/b>\u0442 [\u0433<b><i>\u0443\u044d<\/i><\/b>\u0442 &#8211; g<i>ue<\/i>t] yan\u0131nda duruyor. \u0413<b><i>\u043e<\/i><\/b>\u0441 [\u0433<b><i>\u0443\u044d<\/i><\/b>\u0441 &#8211; g<i>ue<\/i>s] yan\u0131nda oturuyor. \u0435I<b><i>\u043e <\/i><\/b>[\u0435I<b><i>\u0443\u044d <\/i><\/b>\u2013\u00a0ye\u2019<i>ue<\/i>] s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor, \u043f\u0430I<b><i>\u043e <\/i><\/b>[\u043f\u0430I<b><i>\u0443\u044d <\/i><\/b>\u2013 pa\u2019<i>ue<\/i>] kalpak.III-) \/y\/ harfi \u00f6zel durumlarda dudaks\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fcleri olu\u015fturur. \u00c7o\u011fu dilde olmayan bir\u00a0sestir. \/y\/ nun izledi\u011fi \u00fcns\u00fczle birlikte dudaks\u0131 \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc olu\u015fturmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, bulundu\u011fu\u00a0hecede, heceyi olu\u015fturan bir ba\u015fka \u00fcnl\u00fc olmas\u0131, s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sonunda olmas\u0131, e\u011fer s\u00f6zc\u00fck\u00a0i\u00e7inde ise izleyen sesin \u00fcns\u00fcz olmas\u0131 gerekir. gerekmektedir. Bir hecede sadece bir \u00fcnl\u00fc\u00a0bulunabilece\u011fi evrensel kural\u0131na uyumlu olarak \/y\/ art\u0131k \u00fcnl\u00fc de\u011fildir. izledi\u011fi \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00a0sesini yuvarlayan yar\u0131m bir [u] sesidir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu sesler [<b><i>\u0443\u044b <\/i><\/b>&#8211; <b><i>u\u0131<\/i><\/b>] ve [<b><i>\u0443\u044d <\/i><\/b>&#8211; <b><i>ue<\/i><\/b>] \u00e7ift \u00fcnl\u00fclerinden do\u011fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Peki Nas\u0131l? Bu do\u011fumu sa\u011flayan Ad\u0131\u011fabzenin iki kural\u0131d\u0131r. Ad\u0131\u011fabzede t\u00fcm k\u00f6k\u00a0s\u00f6zc\u00fckler [\u044b\u2013 \u0131] ya da [\u044d- e] \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc ile sonlan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<p>\u041c\u0430\u0437\u044d [maze], \u043c\u044d\u0437\u044b [mez\u0131] \u043f\u0441\u044b [ps\u0131], kue git<\/p>\n<p>\u041c\u0430\u0437\u044d [maze] ay \u041c\u044d\u0437\u044b [mez\u0131] orman \u041f\u0441\u044b [ps\u0131] su \u043aI\u0443\u044d [\u043a\u0301\u0443\u044d \u2013 k\u0301ue] git], \u0448\u044a\u043e [\u0448\u044a\u0443\u044d &#8211; \u015f\u00fce]\u00a0deri- renk, \u043d\u044d\u043aI\u044b [\u043d\u044d\u0447\u0301\u044b] ne\u00e7\u0301\u0131 bo\u015f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130kinci kural: Bu k\u00f6k s\u00f6zc\u00fckler \u00f6n ek ald\u0131klar\u0131nda ya da bir ba\u015fka s\u00f6zc\u00fck ile bile\u015fik\u00a0s\u00f6zc\u00fck olu\u015fturduklar\u0131nda sonlar\u0131ndaki \u00fcnl\u00fc sesler birinde ya da ikisinded\u00fc\u015fer.<\/p>\n<p>\u041c\u044d\u0437\u044b [mez\u0131] orman; \u043a\u0443\u0443 [\u043a\u0443\u044b\u045e\u044b &#8211; ku\u0131w\u0131] derin; <b>\u043c\u044d\u0437\u043a\u0443\u044b<\/b>\u045e [mezku\u0131w] derin orman.<\/p>\n<p>\u043d\u044d\u043aI\u044b\u043d \u043d\u044d\u043aI [ne\u00e7\u0301 &#8211; a\u00e7 kal oru\u00e7 tut], \u043c\u0430\u0437\u044d [maze &#8211; ay], <b>\u043d\u044d\u043aI\u043c\u0430\u0437 <\/b>[ne\u00e7maz] oru\u00e7 ay\u0131 &#8211; ramazan<\/p>\n<p>Ancak!!!<\/p>\n<p>S\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin sonundaki \u00fcnl\u00fcler yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rneklerde oldu\u011fu gibi basit \u00fcnl\u00fc ise\u00a0\u00fcnl\u00fc-\u00fcns\u00fcz konusunda bir de\u011fi\u015fim gerekmemekte sorun da \u00e7\u0131kmamaktad\u0131r. S\u00f6zc\u00fckler\u00a0sonundaki \u00fcnl\u00fc [<b><i>\u0443\u044b <\/i><\/b>&#8211; <b><i>u\u0131<\/i><\/b>]: ya da [<b><i>\u0443\u044d <\/i><\/b>&#8211; <b><i>ue<\/i><\/b>] \u00e7ift \u00fcnl\u00fclerinden biri ise e\u011fer;son \u00fcnl\u00fc d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde\u00a0[y &#8211; u] \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00f6zelli\u011fini yitirmekte, hece olu\u015fturmamakta, izledi\u011fi \u00fcns\u00fczle birlikte\u00a0dudaks\u0131 \u00fcns\u00fczleri olu\u015fturmakta, ve bir ba\u015fka \u00fcnl\u00fcn\u00fcn olu\u015fturdu\u011fu hecede yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rnekler:<\/p>\n<p>\u0428\u044a\u043e [\u0448\u044a\u0443\u044d &#8211; \u015f\u00fce] deri, renk; \u0438\u0448\u044a\u0443 [\u0439\u044b\u0448\u044a\u0443 &#8211; y\u0131\u015f\u00fc] derisi, rengi<\/p>\n<p>\u0438\u0448\u044a\u0443 [\u0439\u044b\u0448\u044a\u0443 &#8211; y\u0131\u015f\u00fc]: \u201cy\u0131\u201d \u00f6n ekini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u0428\u044a\u0443\u044d [\u015f\u00fce] s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, sonundaki [e]\u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc\u00a0d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f [<b><i>ue<\/i><\/b>] \u00e7ift \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturan \/y &#8211; \u00fc\/ \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00f6zelli\u011fi kaybolmu\u015f izledi\u011fi izledi\u011fi \/\u0448\u044a &#8211; \u015f\/ \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc ile birlikte [+\u015f\u00fc] \u00fcns\u00fcz dudaks\u0131 sesini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. \/y\/\u00a0harfi hece olu\u015ftururken hece olu\u015fturamaz olmu\u015f [\u044b &#8211; \u0131] \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn olu\u015fturdu\u011fu heceye\u00a0kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u0413\u0443 [\u0433\u0443\u044b &#8211; gu\u0131] \u00f6\u011f\u00fct \u0443\u043c\u044b\u0433\u0443 [\u045e\u044b\u043c\u044b\u0433\u0443 &#8211; w\u0131m\u0131gu] \u00f6\u011f\u00fctme \u201c\u0443\u044b &#8211; w\u0131\u201d \u00f6n ekini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in\u00a0[\u0433\u0443\u044b &#8211; gu\u0131] s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sonundaki [\u0131] \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f [<b><i>u<\/i><\/b><b><i>\u0131<\/i><\/b>] \u00e7ift \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc olan \/y &#8211;\u00a0u\/ \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcnl\u00fc \u00f6zelli\u011fi kaybolmu\u015f, \/\u0433 &#8211; g\/ \u00fcns\u00fcz\u00fc ile birlikte [\u0433\u0443 &#8211; gu] \u00fcns\u00fcz dudaks\u0131\u00a0sesini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. \/y &#8211; u\/ harfi hece olu\u015ftururken hece olu\u015fturamaz olmu\u015f [y &#8211; \u0131]\u00a0\u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u201c\u043c\u044b\u0433\u0443 &#8211; m\u0131gu\u0300\u201c hecesine kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bat\u0131 ad\u0131\u011fe dili dudaks\u0131 \u00fcns\u00fczleri \u044b\u0444\u043d\u0448\u044b\u0448 13 t\u00fcr:<\/p>\n<p>\u0413\u0443 [gu], \u0433\u044a\u0443 [\u011fhu], \u0434\u0437\u0443 [dzu], \u0436\u044a\u0443 [j\u00fc], \u043a\u0443 [ku], \u043a\u044a\u0443 [qu], \u043aI\u0443 [k\u0301u], xy 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Almanca alfabede \/s\/ ve \/t\/&nbsp;harfleri yer al&#305;rken [&#351;] sesi veren \/st\/ karakter 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