{"id":41299,"date":"2024-09-22T11:23:53","date_gmt":"2024-09-22T16:23:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=41299"},"modified":"2024-09-22T14:55:44","modified_gmt":"2024-09-22T19:55:44","slug":"halikarnas-balikcisi-ve-surgunumsu-cerkesler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/halikarnas-balikcisi-ve-surgunumsu-cerkesler\/","title":{"rendered":"HAL\u0130KARNAS BALIK\u00c7ISI VE S\u00dcRG\u00dcN\u00dcMS\u00dc \u00c7ERKESLER"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-41301\" src=\"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/HALIKARNAS-BALIKCISI-VE-SURGUNUMSU-CERKESLER-b.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"571\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/HALIKARNAS-BALIKCISI-VE-SURGUNUMSU-CERKESLER-b.png 571w, https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/HALIKARNAS-BALIKCISI-VE-SURGUNUMSU-CERKESLER-b-300x158.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 571px) 100vw, 571px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Dr. ME\u015eFE\u015e&#8217;\u00dc Necdet Hatam<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Cevat \u015eakir Kabaa\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131, ya da tan\u0131nan ad\u0131yla Halikarnas Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, Bodrum\u2019a \u00e2\u015f\u0131k \u00fcnl\u00fc bir roman, \u00f6yk\u00fc yazar\u0131 ve \u00e7evirmendir. 17 Nisan 1890 tarihinde Girit\u2019te do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 Mehmet \u015eakir Pa\u015fa, annesi Sare \u0130smet Han\u0131m\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ocuklu\u011fu Atina\u2019da ge\u00e7ti. \u0130lk\u00f6\u011frenimini B\u00fcy\u00fckada\u2019da, ortaokul ve liseyi ise Robert Koleji\u2019nde okudu. 1907 y\u0131l\u0131nda mezun oldu. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l \u0130kdam gazetesinde \u0130ngilizce\u2019den \u00e7evirdi\u011fi ilk yaz\u0131s\u0131 yay\u0131mland\u0131. Lise \u00f6\u011freniminden sonra \u0130ngiltere\u2019de, Oxford \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde tarih e\u011fitimi ald\u0131, 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130talyan bir han\u0131mla evlendi ve \u0130talya\u2019da kald\u0131. Resim \u00f6\u011frenimi de g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>Daha sonra T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Ailesi Afyon\u2019daki Kabaa\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131 \u00c7iftli\u011fi\u2019ne ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda babas\u0131, bir tart\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda Cevat \u015eakir\u2019in silah\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan kur\u015funla \u00f6l\u00fcnce, cinayetle yarg\u0131land\u0131. Yarg\u0131lama sonunda 15 y\u0131l k\u00fcrek cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Cezas\u0131n\u0131n 8. y\u0131l\u0131nda, verem hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>13 Nisan 1925 tarihinde, takma adla yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 &#8220;Hapishanede \u0130dama Mahk\u00fbm Olanlar, Bile Bile As\u0131lmaya Nas\u0131l Giderler&#8221; ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc nedeniyle \u0130stiklal Mahkemesi\u2019nde yarg\u0131land\u0131. Bodrum\u2019da kalmak \u00fczere 3 y\u0131l s\u00fcrg\u00fcn cezas\u0131 verildi. Bodrum\u2019u \u00e7ok sevdi. Cezan\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019da tamamlamas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131nca bu duruma \u00e7ok \u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fc. Cezas\u0131 biter bitmez, 1928 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bodrum\u2019a d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130zmir\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131ncaya kadar Bodrum\u2019da mutlu bir \u015fekilde ya\u015fad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>13 Ekim 1973\u2019te \u0130zmir\u2019de kemik kanserinden \u00f6ld\u00fc. Vasiyeti \u00fczerine Bodrum-G\u00fcmbet\u2019te kendi se\u00e7ti\u011fi yere g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n<p>Peki, Halikarnas Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ile &#8220;\u00c7erkes S\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc&#8221; aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011f, bir ili\u015fki var m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n<p>Bu ba\u011f\u0131 anlayabilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nce bilimin &#8220;s\u00fcrg\u00fcn&#8221;\u00fc nas\u0131l alg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n<p>TDK&#8217;ye g\u00f6re, \u201cs\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn anlamlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ceza olarak belli bir yerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda veya belli bir yerde oturtulan kimse,<\/li>\n<li>S\u00fcr\u00fclme i\u015fi, nefy,<\/li>\n<li>Bir kimsenin s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yer,<\/li>\n<li>Filiz,<\/li>\n<li>\u0130shal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bizi ilgilendiren, s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ilk anlam\u0131na g\u00f6re bir ki\u015finin ya da bir halk\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fcn olabilmesi i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ya belli bir yerden (bir k\u00f6y, bir kent, bir \u00fclke) kovulmu\u015f ve bu yerden geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc yasaklanm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li>Ya da belli bir k\u00f6y, kent veya \u00fclkede ya\u015famak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve oradan \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na izin verilmemelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu duruma g\u00f6re, Halikarnas Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 mahkeme karar\u0131yla belli bir yerde (Bodrum\u2019da) 3 y\u0131l (ki yukar\u0131da belirtti\u011fimiz gibi bunun 1,5 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 \u0130stanbul\u2019da tamamlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r) oturma cezas\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bir &#8220;s\u00fcrg\u00fcn&#8221;d\u00fcr. Peki ne zamana kadar? Do\u011fal olarak cezas\u0131n\u0131n bitti\u011fi 1928 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 1928\u2019den itibaren Halikarnas Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 bir yerde oturmak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ba\u015fka kentlerine gitmesi de engellenmemi\u015ftir. Ancak kahraman\u0131m\u0131z, bir bu\u00e7uk y\u0131l &#8220;s\u00fcrg\u00fcn&#8221; olarak ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u00e7ok sevdi\u011fi Bodrum\u2019a ko\u015fa ko\u015fa d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f ve 1947 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in ayr\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar Bodrum\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yetmemi\u015f, Bodrum\u2019a g\u00f6m\u00fclmesini de vasiyet etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, kimse Cevat \u015eakir Kabaa\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1925\u2019te s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edildi\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fine ra\u011fmen 1928 sonras\u0131 Bodrum ya\u015fam\u0131 i\u00e7in de &#8220;s\u00fcrg\u00fcn&#8221; demiyor. Hi\u00e7 kimse Kabaa\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131 i\u00e7in mezar\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yeri Bodrum\u2019da oldu\u011fu halde &#8220;s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde \u00f6ld\u00fc&#8221; demiyor.<\/p>\n<p>Peki, \u00c7erkeslerin durumu?<\/p>\n<p>Anavatanlar\u0131n\u0131 terke zorlanan, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda geri d\u00f6nme ba\u015fvurular\u0131 kabul edilmeyen, \u00fclkeden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 ordusunca engellenen dedelerimiz elbette &#8220;s\u00fcrg\u00fcn&#8221;d\u00fc. Peki s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn bilimsel anlam\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00c7erkeslerinin kendilerini &#8220;s\u00fcrg\u00fcn&#8221; saymalar\u0131 bir riya, yani yalan\u0131n ta kendisi de\u011fil midir?<\/p>\n<p>Elbette riyad\u0131r, elbette yalan\u0131n ta kendisidir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00c7erkeslerinin diaspora ya\u015fam\u0131, Halikarnas Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 1928 sonras\u0131 Bodrum ya\u015fam\u0131 gibidir. T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti, \u00c7erkeslerin \u00fclkeden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 engellememekte, Rusya Federasyonu da d\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerdeki \u00c7erkesleri &#8220;yurtta\u015f&#8221; saymaktad\u0131r. Dahas\u0131, \u00c7erkeslerin anavatanlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015flerini yasaklamak bir yana, \u00f6zel programlarla bunu kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, &#8220;anavatan\u0131 \u00e7ok sevip, anavatandan uzak oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha mutlu olan&#8221; g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00c7erkeslerinin &#8220;s\u00fcrg\u00fcn&#8221; edebiyat\u0131 yapmalar\u0131 g\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00e7t\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc alt\u0131n\u0131 bir kez daha \u00e7izersek, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Rusya Federasyonu &#8220;\u00c7erkesler d\u00f6nemez&#8221; dememektedir. KAFFED eski ba\u015fkan\u0131 Say\u0131n Din\u00e7er, &#8220;\u00c7erkeslerin RF nezdindeki durumu bir Bolivyal\u0131 ile ayn\u0131d\u0131r&#8221; yalan\u0131n\u0131 tekrar edip dursa da, bilgili ve objektif bir gazeteci g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Say\u0131n Ru\u015fen \u00c7ak\u0131r bu yalana \u00e7anak tutsa da, Rusya Federasyonu \u00c7erkesleri yurtta\u015f olarak g\u00f6rmektedir. RF, vatanda\u015fl\u0131k i\u00e7in yurtta\u015flara sa\u011flanan kolayl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00c7erkeslere de sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Kosova \u00f6rne\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi kimi \u00f6zel durumlarda, RF h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin karar\u0131 ve devletin politik ve ekonomik katk\u0131lar\u0131yla \u00c7erkeslerin anavatanlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Di\u011fer yandan, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fclkelerin hi\u00e7biri \u00c7erkeslerin \u00fclkelerinden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na yasak koymamaktad\u0131r. RF vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan \u00c7erkeslerin hi\u00e7biri ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fclkenin vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. RF vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015f ve RF\u2019de ya\u015fayan \u00c7erkeslerin hi\u00e7biri emeklilik dahil vatanda\u015fl\u0131k haklar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmemektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Evet, yinelersek, bu durumda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz diaspora \u00c7erkeslerinin kendilerini &#8220;s\u00fcrg\u00fcn&#8221; saymas\u0131, &#8220;s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edebiyat\u0131&#8221; yapmas\u0131, &#8220;riya&#8221;n\u0131n, yani yalan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de\u011fil midir?<\/p>\n<p>Soruyu yan\u0131tlarken l\u00fctfen elinizi vicdan\u0131n\u0131za koyun.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dr. ME&#350;FE&#350;&rsquo;&Uuml; Necdet Hatam Cevat &#350;akir Kabaa&#287;a&ccedil;l&#305;, ya da tan&#305;nan ad&#305;yla Halikarnas Bal&#305;k&ccedil;&#305;s&#305;, Bodrum&rsquo;a &acirc;&#351;&#305;k &uuml;nl&uuml; bir roman, &ouml;yk&uuml; yazar&#305; ve &ccedil;evirmendir. 17 Nisan 1890 tarihinde Girit&rsquo;te do&#287;du. Babas&#305; Mehmet &#350;akir Pa&#351;a, annesi Sare &#304;smet Han&#305;m&rsquo;d&#305;r. &Ccedil;ocuklu&#287;u Atina&rsquo;da ge&ccedil;ti. &#304;lk&ouml;&#287;renimini B&uuml;y&uuml;kada&rsquo;da, ortaokul ve liseyi ise Robert Koleji&rsquo;nde okudu. 1907 y&#305;l&#305;nda mezun oldu. Ayn&#305; y&#305;l &#304;kdam 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