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Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201c1964\u2019te, G\u00fcrcistan Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde Lazistan (Tarih, Co\u011frafya, Etnografya Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131) \u00f6zg\u00fcn ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131mlanan kitab\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisi Lazlar\u2019\u0131n Tarihi <\/em>ad\u0131yla, 1992\u2019de Ant Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan k\u00fclt\u00fcr hayat\u0131m\u0131za kazand\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.(1)<\/strong><\/p>\n Yay\u0131mc\u0131, kitaba olan yo\u011fun ilgiyi \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yordu:(2<\/strong>) \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Laz say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok de\u011fil. Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019de 100 bin ki\u015fi ya var ya yoklar. Bu say\u0131y\u0131 dikkate alarak kitab\u0131 yay\u0131mlarken \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fck. Ama sonu\u00e7 beni \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtt\u0131. \u015eimdiye kadar \u00c7erkesler\u2019le, Aleviler\u2019le, K\u00fcrtler\u2019le ilgili kitaplar yay\u0131mlad\u0131m. Diyebilirim ki, onlar\u0131n nicel a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, kendilerine y\u00f6nelik kitaplara Lazlar kadar ilgi g\u00f6stermediler. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 20 milyon Alevi var. Alevilik\u2019le ilgili kitaba 100 bin Laz\u2019\u0131n Lazlar\u2019\u0131n Tarihi\u2019ne g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi ilgiyi g\u00f6stermedi. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan telefon ya\u011f\u0131yor. Bir\u00e7ok yerde adam b\u00fcrokrat, genel m\u00fcd\u00fcr vb. \u00f6zel \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6nderip kitap ald\u0131r\u0131yor. Bu d\u00f6nem yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131kta kitap sipari\u015fi bitti, hele tek kitap sipari\u015fi hi\u00e7 yoktur. Ne var ki, ben Anadolu\u2019nun d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m tek kitap sipari\u015finden bezdim.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Ru\u015fen \u00c7ak\u0131r, kitap hakk\u0131ndaki duygular\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle aktar\u0131yordu: (3)<\/strong> \u201c… Bir gece vakti Beyo\u011flu\u2019ndaki bir sergide, Vanili\u015fi ve Tandilava\u2019n\u0131n kitab\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Kapa\u011f\u0131nda kemen\u00e7eli bir Laz resmi, arka kapa\u011f\u0131nda ise davul \u00e7alan bir Laz genci. Ant yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan kitab\u0131 hemen sat\u0131n ald\u0131m. \u0130stiklal Caddesi\u2019nde okumaya ba\u015flay\u0131p, dolmu\u015fta devam ettim. Hem de g\u00f6stere g\u00f6stere … yaz\u0131m ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yanl\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla doluydu. Ama t\u00fcm bunlar \u00f6nemine g\u00f6lge d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fcyordu. Her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn, kendi diline, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne, tarihine yabanc\u0131la\u015fan, uzak d\u00fc\u015fen bir halk\u0131n yeniden kimli\u011fini ke\u015ffetmesi i\u00e7in bir kap\u0131y\u0131 sonuna kadar a\u00e7\u0131yordu… Kimliklerinin epey uza\u011f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olan Lazlar\u2019\u0131n bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrel r\u00f6nesans ya\u015fayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek hi\u00e7 de kahinlik olmayacakt\u0131r…\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Trabzon\u2019da \u201c\u00dclk\u00fcc\u00fc Gen\u00e7lik\u201d imzas\u0131yla da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan bildiride ise \u015funlar yaz\u0131yordu:(4)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201cMuhterem Trabzonlular, su uyur d\u00fc\u015fman uyumaz. Nas\u0131l ki 1800\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda \u0130ngiltere\u2019deki Ba\u015fpapazl\u0131k\u2019a (?) ba\u011fl\u0131 bir papaz (?) Birmingham \u015fehrindeki K\u00fcrtler\u2019in tarihini ve alfabesini senaryo edip yazm\u0131\u015fsa (?) bug\u00fcn de, bundan 5 y\u0131l \u00f6nce yine ayn\u0131 \u015fehirden (Birmingham) bir profes\u00f6r (?) Karadeniz\u2019e gelir, inceler ve yazar (?). Bu seferki Karadeniz\u2019in ve Lazlar\u2019\u0131n tarihi. Londra\u2019da vatan haini b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fclerle her t\u00fcrl\u00fc parasal deste\u011fi vererek anla\u015fan Rumlar Karadeniz\u2019de bir Rum Pontus Devleti kurman\u0131n hayalleri i\u00e7inde…\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Kitaba ilgin\u00e7 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m da Sebahattin \u00d6nkibar\u2019dan geldi:(5)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201c… Pusulan\u0131n ad\u0131: Lazlar\u0131n Tarihi kitab\u0131d\u0131r. Kitab\u0131n yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarih: 1974\u2019t\u00fcr. Bas\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer: Sovyet Haber Alma Te\u015fkilat\u0131 KGB\u2019nin \u00f6zel bask\u0131 merkezidir…\u201d<\/em> (Lazistan Safsatas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi<\/em>, 2 \u015eubat 1993)<\/p>\n Kitab\u0131n Lazlar hakk\u0131nda empoze etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cbilgiler\u201d, baz\u0131 \u00e7evreler taraf\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 sorgulanmadan do\u011fru kabul edildi. Kitap ciddi bir kaynak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fclerek, Lazlarla ilgili makale ve kitaplar\u0131n bir numaral\u0131 dayana\u011f\u0131 haline getirildi. B\u00f6ylelikle, Lazlar\u0131n etnik k\u00f6ken, dil ve tarihlerine ili\u015fkin demagojilerin yay\u0131lmas\u0131na bir anlamda yard\u0131mc\u0131 olundu.(6)<\/strong><\/p>\n H\u00e2l\u00e2 kendilerini So\u011fuk Sava\u015f d\u00f6neminin, ger\u00e7e\u011fe dayanmayan anlams\u0131z ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin her a\u00e7\u0131dan aleyhine olan s\u00f6ylemlerinden kurtaramayan, yoktan g\u00fcnah ke\u00e7ileri yaratma konusunda olduk\u00e7a deneyimli olan \u00e7evreler ise, kitab\u0131 ele\u015ftirmek yerine, dillerini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerini ya\u015fatmak isteyen ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n siyasi ve ayr\u0131l\u0131k\u00e7\u0131 olmayan \u00e7abalar\u0131na malum \u00fcsluplar\u0131yla y\u00fcklendi. Farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ortaya koyarak, birlikte ya\u015fama kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 peki\u015ftirmek onlara g\u00f6re b\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fcl\u00fckt\u00fc.(7)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u015e\u00fcphesiz kitap, baz\u0131 konulardaki demagojilerine ra\u011fmen, \u00f6nemli bir kilometre ta\u015f\u0131 olmu\u015f ve bir tart\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kitab\u0131n G\u00fcrc\u00fcce bask\u0131s\u0131nda, dipnotlar ve kaynak adlar\u0131 bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisinde neden bu dipnotlara ve kaynak adlar\u0131na yer verilmedi\u011fi ise \u00e7evirmenin hanesine yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken eksilerdendir.<\/p>\n Bu makalede, kitapta ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen baz\u0131 iddialar \u00fczerinde duracak ve ger\u00e7e\u011fin ne oldu\u011fu delilleriyle ortaya koymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m.(8)<\/strong><\/p>\n Lazistan K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131 (!)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201cLazistan K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurulu\u015fu, Laz ve ya T\u00e7ani kavminin tarihi eski Kolheti kavmi ile yak\u0131ndan ili\u015fkilidir. Bilindi\u011fi gibi Kolheti K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n n\u00fcfusunu esas G\u00fcrc\u00fc boylar\u0131ndan Laz-T\u00e7anlar ile Manral-Megreller (Egrisliler) te\u015fkil ediyordu.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Kitaptan aktar\u0131lan, yukar\u0131daki al\u0131nt\u0131da \u00fczerinde durulmas\u0131 gereken ilk nokta, b\u00f6l\u00fcm ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r: \u201cLazistan K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurulu\u015fu\u201d. Tarihin hi\u00e7bir d\u00f6neminde, ne Do\u011fu Karadeniz ve ne de G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Karadeniz y\u00f6resinde ad\u0131 Lazistan olan bir k\u0131rall\u0131k kurulmu\u015ftur. Anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla yazarlar (veya \u00e7evirmen) Lazika K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile Lazistan Sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n G\u00fcrc\u00fc ve Abhaz-Abaza kaynaklar\u0131nda Egrisi K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131, Roma ve Bizans kaynaklar\u0131nda ise Lazika K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131(9)<\/strong> olarak ge\u00e7en k\u0131rall\u0131k, M.S. 2.y\u00fczy\u0131lda bug\u00fcn Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan olarak bilinen co\u011frafyada yerel siyasi birimlerin kesin bi\u00e7imini almas\u0131 sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Lazika K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131, 4. y\u00fczy\u0131lda g\u00fc\u00e7lendi ve Apsilial\u0131lar\u0131, Abasglar\u0131 ve Svanlar\u0131 y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131na ald\u0131. Lazika K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131,(10)<\/strong> Kolheti K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131. 5. ve 6. y\u00fczy\u0131l Bizans tarih\u00e7ileri, Kolhlar\u0131n Lazlar veya Kolha\u2019n\u0131n (Kolheti) da Lazika oldu\u011funu yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kolheti, yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Gagra s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan \u00c7oruh a\u011fz\u0131na kadar uzanan b\u00f6lgeyi kaps\u0131yordu.(11)<\/strong><\/p>\n Milattan \u00f6ncesine dayanan \u00e7e\u015fitli yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde ya\u015fayan, birbiriyle kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve Kolheti vadisinde ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n akrabalar\u0131 olan kabileleri zikreder. Gerek G\u00fcney Kafkasya\u2019da etno olu\u015fumlar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlay\u0131p devlet olan ve sonradan topluca g\u00f6\u00e7 edip G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Karadeniz y\u00f6resine yerle\u015fen Megrel-Lazlar ve gerekse de \u2018\u00c7\u2019ani\u2019nin de\u011fi\u015fik telaffuzu olan Tzan ile adland\u0131r\u0131lan ve Lazlar\u0131n ikiz boyu(12)<\/strong> olan Makronlar, Kolheti K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn insanlar\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n Kolhlarla Elenler aras\u0131nda, Karadeniz havzas\u0131 b\u00f6lgesi bir rekabet b\u00f6lgesiydi. Kolhlar\u0131n yay\u0131lma alan\u0131 bat\u0131ya do\u011fru Karadeniz\u2019in g\u00fcney k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 boyunca uzan\u0131yordu. Kuzeyde ise K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019a de\u011fin faaliyet g\u00f6steriyorlard\u0131. Kolheti y\u00f6netim alan\u0131 bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan b\u00f6lgeden ba\u015flamak \u00fczere, Do\u011fu Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 boyunca uzan\u0131rken, Kolheti k\u00fclt\u00fcr alan\u0131 G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 izleyerek \u201cTrabzon\u201da kadar uzan\u0131yordu.(13)<\/strong><\/p>\n Alt\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Kolh yerine Laz olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Lazlar, Lazika K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi sonucu, \u00c7oruh\u2019u a\u015farak G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019ne y\u00f6neldi ve b\u00f6lgeye kitlesel olarak g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. Pontus K\u0131ral\u0131 2. Polemon, k\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Lazlar\u2019dan koruyabilmek i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetini Romal\u0131lar\u2019a teslim etti. K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131 Roma\u2019n\u0131n bir eyaleti haline geldi. Bu eyalete Pontus Polemonyakos ad\u0131 verildi.(14)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201cTrabzon\u201dun do\u011fusundan \u00c7oruh yata\u011f\u0131na kadar olan b\u00f6lge, Lazlar\u2019\u0131n yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 bir b\u00f6lge haline gelmesine ra\u011fmen, Lazika Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netin alan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Lazlar\u0131n yo\u011fun olarak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Karadeniz y\u00f6resinde \u201cLaz\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan y\u00f6netsel bir birimin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fi ancak 1204 y\u0131l\u0131na rastlar. \u00a0 Bu y\u00f6netim birimi \u201cTheme De Grande Lazia\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yordu ve 1461\u2019e kadar ya\u015fad\u0131.(15)<\/strong><\/p>\n B\u00f6lgenin Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131na girmesinden sonra, Lazia Temas\u0131 y\u00f6netsel birimi de\u011fi\u015fik adla devam etti. 1519\u2019da \u201cTrabzon\u201d, Batumi\u2019nin de dahil edilmesiyle ayr\u0131 bir eyalet haline getirildi.(16)<\/strong> Bu b\u00f6lgeyi 1640 y\u0131l\u0131nda dola\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan Evliya \u00c7elebi, eyaletin be\u015f sanca\u011f\u0131 bulundu\u011funu yazar: Canik, Trabzon, G\u00f6nye (Gonio), A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Batumi ve Yukar\u0131 Batumi. Lazistan\u2019\u0131n merkezi G\u00f6nye idi. Kazalar\u0131 ise Atina, Sumla, Vi\u00e7e ve Arhaviydi. Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Karadeniz y\u00f6resini y\u00f6netsel birimlere ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Koch, 15 Laz derebeyli\u011fini sayar: Atina (Pazar, iki), Bulep, Arta\u015fin, Vi\u00e7e, Kapiste, Arhavi, Kisse, Hopa, Makriali, Batumi, Maraditi, Perlevan ve \u00c7at derebeylikleri.<\/p>\n 1851\u2019de Acara \u00e7evresi, Yukar\u0131 Gurya ile birlikte, kurulmu\u015f olan Lazistan Sanca\u011f\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fland\u0131.(17)<\/strong><\/p>\n 1877-1878 (93) Osmanl\u0131 Rus sava\u015flar\u0131 sonucu Batumi\u2019nin Ruslar\u2019\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mesiyle birlikte, Lazistan Sanca\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n merkezi Batumi\u2019den Rize\u2019ye ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, gerek bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ve Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan olarak bilinen co\u011frafyada ve gerekse de bug\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan y\u00f6rede, kitapta iddia edildi\u011fi gibi Lazistan K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131yla bir k\u0131rall\u0131k tarih sahnesinden ge\u00e7memi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Lazlar G\u00fcrc\u00fc m\u00fc?<\/strong><\/p>\n Sadece en ba\u015ftaki al\u0131nt\u0131 de\u011fil, kitab\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yerinde \u0131srarla ve adeta okurlar\u0131 \u015fartland\u0131rmak istercesine, \u201c… esas G\u00fcrc\u00fc boylar\u0131ndan olan Lazlar ve Megreller…\u201d<\/em> ifadesi ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/p>\n Lazlar ve Megreller\u2019in, G\u00fcrc\u00fc olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 bizzat G\u00fcrc\u00fc kaynaklar\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n En eski destan\u00ee ve resmi G\u00fcrc\u00fc tarihi say\u0131lan Kartlis \u00c7khovreba\u2019n\u0131n ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, Karadeniz- Hazar Denizi ve Azak Denizi ile Van G\u00f6l\u00fc aras\u0131ndaki kesimlerde ya\u015fayan, sekiz ayr\u0131 kavimden her birinin Nuh-Nebi o\u011flu Yafes o\u011flu, Targam adl\u0131 atadan t\u00fcredikleri anlat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Kartlis \u00c7kvoreba\u2019ya g\u00f6re;(18)<\/strong> bu sekiz karde\u015fin her biri, \u00fclkesindeki kavmin ulu atas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Bunlar\u0131n adlar\u0131 ve ulu atas\u0131 olduklar\u0131 kavimler \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n Lazika K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Rioni havzas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcney kesimi, 5. ve 6. y\u00fczy\u0131ldaki Bizans-Pers sava\u015flar\u0131 nedeniyle, Megrel-Laz n\u00fcfusunun tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131n yitirmi\u015fti. Bu y\u00fczden, Arap istilac\u0131lardan etkilenen G\u00fcrc\u00fcler, Kartli (\u0130berya\/ bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Do\u011fu G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan)\u2019den kitlesel olarak g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek, bug\u00fcn Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan olarak bilinen Lazika K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6netsel alan\u0131na yerle\u015ftiler. B\u00f6ylece g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 Laz, H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 Megrel olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Megrel-Lazlar aras\u0131nda G\u00fcrc\u00fclerden olu\u015fan ve yine g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Gurya\/Acara olarak bilinen tempon b\u00f6lge olu\u015ftu.(19)<\/strong><\/p>\n O d\u00f6nemlerden beri Megreller ve Laz aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7ok yak\u0131n dil benzerli\u011fine ra\u011fmen, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca kendi mecralar\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan olarak bilinen co\u011frafyan\u0131n G\u00fcrc\u00fclerle tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7ok sonradan olmu\u015ftur. \u0130ber\/ Kartveli\/ G\u00fcrc\u00fc K\u0131ral\u0131 1.Vakhtang (450-503), Pers egemenli\u011finden \u00e7\u0131karak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z davran\u0131yordu. Persler, \u00fczerine ordu g\u00f6nderince, Kartveli\/G\u00fcrc\u00fc K\u0131ral\u0131 1.Vakhtang, 483 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015fkenti Tiflis\u2019i b\u0131rakarak Lazika\u2019ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kartvelilerin \/ G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin, Lazika K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafyas\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015fi, 646\u2019da Araplar\u2019\u0131n Tiflis\u2019i ele ge\u00e7irmeleriyle yo\u011funluk kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.(20)<\/strong><\/p>\n 7.nci y\u00fczy\u0131l Ermeni kaynaklar\u0131ndan olan Co\u011frafya<\/em>\u2019da, Karadeniz\u2019in do\u011fu ve g\u00fcneydo\u011fusundaki kavimler, \u201cTrabzon\u201da kadar k\u0131y\u0131 boyunca \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca unutulmamas\u0131 gereken bir nokta da, M.\u00d6.4. y\u00fczy\u0131lda bug\u00fcnk\u00fc G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan\u2019\u0131n Kartveli (G\u00fcrc\u00fc) olmayan kavimler ile mesk\u00fbn g\u00fcneybat\u0131 b\u00f6lgesi, Perslere vergi vermekle beraber, \u0130berya\/ Kartveli\/ G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan\u2019dan tamam\u0131yla ayr\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir devlet halinde bulunuyordu. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan b\u00f6lgesinin g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131 yani, bug\u00fcn Acaristan olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u00c7oruh ve Batumi y\u00f6resi Bizansl\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n elinde kalmakta devam ediyordu. Abhazya gibi, buras\u0131 da \u0130ber\/ G\u00fcrc\u00fc\/ Kartveliler\u2019den tamam\u0131yla ba\u015fka(21)<\/strong> bir kavim olan Lazlarla mesk\u00fbndu.<\/p>\n M.\u00d6. 1. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra, Kolheti (Lazika) ve Kartli (\u0130berya\/ G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan) aras\u0131nda, birbiri \u00fczerine egemenlik kurmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan s\u00fcrekli sava\u015flar ya\u015fand\u0131. Bu sava\u015flar sonucunda Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeye askeri m\u00fcdahalelerde bulundu. Romal\u0131 sald\u0131rganlar, G\u00fcney Kafkasya\u2019ya girdiklerinde, burada \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131rall\u0131k bulunuyordu. Kolheti (Lazika\/ Egrisi) K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131, Kartli (\u0130berya\/ G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan) K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Albanya K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131.(22)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201cAbhaz\u201d, Ran, Kahet, Sometlerin K\u0131rali\u00e7esi Tamara (1184-1213) d\u00f6neminde, Karadeniz\u2019den Hazar denizi\u2019ne kadar olan b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 etnik k\u00f6kenlerden halklar g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc konfederal bir yap\u0131lanmaya gitti. K\u0131rali\u00e7e Tamara, Ha\u00e7l\u0131 Seferleri ve Bizans Saray\u0131\u2019ndaki iktidar \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan ustal\u0131kla yararland\u0131. Bizans \u00fczerine giden konfederal ordu, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesinde ya\u015fayan Lazlar\u0131n da aktif deste\u011fiyle \u00c7oruh\u2019tan ba\u015flamak \u00fczere t\u00fcm Pontus\u2019u ele ge\u00e7irdi. K\u0131rali\u00e7e Tamara\u2019n\u0131n unvan\u0131 \u201cAbhaz\u201d, Ran, Kahet, Sometler\u2019in K\u0131rali\u00e7esi idi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde atfedilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u201cG\u00fcrc\u00fc\u201d, \u201cG\u00fcrc\u00fcstan\u201d K\u0131rali\u00e7esi\u2019 de\u011fil.(23)<\/strong><\/p>\n Yukar\u0131da vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m bilgilerden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, G\u00fcrc\u00fcler, Megreller, Lazlar, Svanlar, Acarlar, Abhazlar, Abazalar G\u00fcney Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n bug\u00fcn oldu\u011fu gibi, o d\u00f6nemlerde de karde\u015f halklar\u0131yd\u0131. B\u00f6yle olmasayd\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bile varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirebilmeleri m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur muydu?<\/p>\n Ruslar\u0131n Kafkasya\u2019ya girebilmeleri, Cengiz Han\u2019\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kurulan Alt\u0131nordu Devleti\u2019nin miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 durumundaki Mo\u011fol Hanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kalkmas\u0131 sonucu ger\u00e7ekle\u015febildi.\u00a0 Ruslar\u2019\u0131n 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Astrahan Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeleri, onlara Hazar Denizi\u2019ne ula\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yolunu a\u00e7t\u0131. Rusya-\u0130ran s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 uzunca bir s\u00fcre Terek Nehri\u2019yle \u00e7izildi. Bat\u0131da, Osmanl\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 korumalar\u0131 K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131n da \u00c7erkesleri ve di\u011fer Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131 korumalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Osmanl\u0131lar, 1774\u2019te Osmanl\u0131-Rus Anla\u015fmas\u0131yla K\u0131r\u0131m \u00fczerindeki haklar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. K\u0131r\u0131m, 1783\u2019te Ruslar\u2019\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n Ruslar\u0131n Kafkasya\u2019da etkili olmaya ba\u015flamalar\u0131ndan \u00f6nce, 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, bug\u00fcn G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan olarak bilinen co\u011frafyada \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131rall\u0131k bulunuyordu.\u00a0 Ba\u015fkenti Tiflis olan Kartli K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131; kuzeydo\u011fuda Kahetya K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bat\u0131da Kutaisi civar\u0131n\u0131 elinde bulunduran \u0130mereti K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131. Bu k\u0131rall\u0131klar\u0131n ilk ikisi \u0130ranl\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n, sonuncusu da Osmanl\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n denetimindeydi. Do\u011fru Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131, ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en bu \u00fc\u00e7 k\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131n egemenlik alan\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131. Kuzeyde So\u00e7i-Sohumi aras\u0131 Abhazya\u2019ya; Sohumi-Poti aras\u0131 Megrelya\u2019ya; g\u00fcneyde Poti-Batumi aras\u0131 Gurya\u2019ya aitti. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 prenslik Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya hara\u00e7la ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. G\u00fcneybat\u0131da ise Samtshe ve Saatabego prenslikleri vard\u0131. Bu prensler, zamanla \u0130sl\u00e2miyet\u2019i benimsedi ve Osmanl\u0131\u2019ya do\u011frudan ba\u011fl\u0131 birer valilik haline geldi.(24)<\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00fcrc\u00fcler, Transkafkasya\u2019da ilk ayak basabilecekleri yeri \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131\u2019na verdiklerinden dolay\u0131 bir anlamda sorumludurlar. B\u00fcy\u00fck Katerina\u2019n\u0131n Rusyas\u0131yla yapt\u0131klar\u0131 1783 Georgievsk Anla\u015fmas\u0131<\/em> ile G\u00fcrc\u00fc askeri yolunun a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na ortam haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f oldular.(25)<\/strong><\/p>\n 1783\u2019te K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131 ilhak etmelerinden sonra, Ruslar ertesi y\u0131l Petrovsk\u2019u ve kentin Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019daki art b\u00f6lgesini i\u015fgal ettiler ve Kaheti\u2019yi de kendine ba\u011flam\u0131\u015f olan Kartli (G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan) K\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumalar\u0131 alt\u0131na ald\u0131lar. Ruslar, Viladikafkas kentini kurdular ve G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan ile do\u011frudan ili\u015fki kurmalar\u0131na imkan veren Daryali Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131lar. Son Kartli (G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan) k\u0131ral\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcrken yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vasiyetle k\u0131rall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Rusya\u2019ya b\u0131rakt\u0131. 1803\u2019te Megrelya, 1804\u2019te \u0130mereti ve Gurya, 1856\u2019da Svaneti Rusya\u2019n\u0131n egemenli\u011fine ge\u00e7ti.(26)<\/strong><\/p>\n G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131la gelindi\u011finde bile, de\u011fil G\u00fcrc\u00fc boyu (!!!) Megreller\u2019den, Lazlar\u2019dan, Svanlar\u2019dan ve Acarlar\u2019dan, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan co\u011frafyas\u0131ndan bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n Asl\u0131nda kitap sadece ger\u00e7eklerle de\u011fil, bazen kendisiyle de \u00e7eli\u015fiyor. Kitapta bir\u00e7ok yerde \u201c…T\u2019\u00e7anlar G\u00fcrc\u00fc \u0131rk grubunun bir \u00fcyesidir…\u201d \u201cG\u00fcneyli G\u00fcrc\u00fc k\u00f6kenli T\u00e7an-Lazlar…. Kuzeyli G\u00fcrc\u00fc k\u00f6kenli Megreller…\u201d; \u201c…Laz G\u00fcrc\u00fcleri…\u201d; \u201c…G\u00fcrc\u00fc soyundan Lazlar…\u201d<\/em> (s.10, 34, 36, 40) gibi ifadelere yer veriliyorsa da, \u201c…G\u00fcrc\u00fc k\u0131rallar\u0131ndan biri nedense Lazlara sald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, \u00fclkeyi orta yerinden ay\u0131r\u0131p aralar\u0131na esas G\u00fcrc\u00fc boylar\u0131ndan aileleri yerle\u015ftirmi\u015f…\u201d<\/em> (s .61) ve \u201c.. Do\u011fu ve g\u00fcneydo\u011fu y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ya\u015fayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman G\u00fcrc\u00fclerdir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda G\u00fcrc\u00fcle\u015fmi\u015f Lazlar da vard\u0131r…\u201d<\/em> (s.72) gibi, kendileriyle \u00e7eli\u015fkili ifadelere de yer verilmektedir.<\/p>\n E\u011fer kitab\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri iddia etti\u011fi gibi, Lazlar G\u00fcrc\u00fcyse (!) nas\u0131l bir daha G\u00fcrc\u00fcle\u015fmi\u015f (!) oluyorlar ve esas (!) G\u00fcrc\u00fc kim?<\/p>\n G\u00fcrc\u00fcce konu\u015fan Acarlar bile, G\u00fcrc\u00fc olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirtirken, anadilleri G\u00fcrc\u00fcce olmayan, Megrel-Lazlar, Svanlar nas\u0131l G\u00fcrc\u00fc (!) oluyor?(27)<\/strong><\/p>\n Bu noktada s\u00f6z\u00fc, \u0130znik\u2019te faaliyet g\u00f6steren Batum ve Havalisi K\u00fclt\u00fcr Derne\u011fi\u2019nin yay\u0131n organ\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131yorum:(28)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201cSovyet G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131n Moskova\u2019dan kaynaklanan \u015fovenist politikalar\u0131 nedeniyle Acarlar\u2019\u0131n 1929 sonras\u0131 etnik, dini, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel, tarihi kimlikleri yok say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Acarlar\u2019\u0131n G\u00fcrc\u00fcler\u2019den ayr\u0131 bir halk oldu\u011fu unutturulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde G\u00fcrcistan SSC i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan Abhaz, Oset, Svan, Megrel ve Lazlar\u2019\u0131n da Acarlar gibi G\u00fcrc\u00fc kimli\u011finin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu y\u0131llarca savunulmu\u015ftur.<\/em><\/p>\n SSCB d\u00f6neminde Moskova y\u00f6netimi, s\u00fcrekli olarak \u00c7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131 ordular\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131p Anadolu\u2019ya yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan Acarlara, G\u00fcrc\u00fc kimli\u011fi a\u015f\u0131lamaya ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir t\u00fcr be\u015finci kol yaratmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Moskova kaynakl\u0131 bu sistemli politikalar, Acaristan-T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda demirperde y\u00f6netiminden kaynaklanan bilgi ve ileti\u015fim yetersizli\u011finden dolay\u0131 k\u0131smen ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Acaristan Acarlar\u0131, milli kimliklerin G\u00fcrcistan SSC \u015fovenizmine kar\u015f\u0131 korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan bir k\u0131s\u0131m yar\u0131 ayd\u0131n Acar, Moskova\u2019n\u0131n propaganda r\u00fczgarlar\u0131na kap\u0131larak, Acar kimli\u011fini b\u0131rak\u0131p, G\u00fcrc\u00fc kimli\u011fini do\u011fal bir \u015fekilde kabul etmi\u015ftir.<\/em><\/p>\n Sarp S\u0131n\u0131r Kap\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve SSCB\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 ile birlikte Acaristan ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131ndaki demirperdenin kalkmas\u0131 sonras\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n iki yakas\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Acarlar ger\u00e7ekler ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, y\u0131llarca Moskova\u2019dan G\u00fcrc\u00fc kimli\u011fini empoze etme propagandalar\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131ls\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6remeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r…<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n Megrelce ve Lazca G\u00fcrc\u00fcce\u2019nin diyalekti mi?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Bilindi\u011fi gibi, dilbilimciler, G\u00fcney Kafkasya dil ailesinin \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 dile ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda hemfikirdir. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 dil, G\u00fcrc\u00fcce, Svanca ve Zanca\u2019d\u0131r. Kolheti Dili(29)<\/strong> olarak da bilinen Zan Dili, Megrelce ve Lazca olarak iki kola ayr\u0131l\u0131r.(30)<\/strong><\/p>\n Kitap, (Lazlar\u2019\u0131n Tarihi<\/em>) Lazca ve Megrelce ile ilgili, bu bilimsel tespiti aynen aktarmaktad\u0131r: \u201c…Laz lisan\u0131 yak\u0131n akrabas\u0131 olan Megrel lisan\u0131 yan\u0131nda az \u00e7ok farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6stermektedir…\u201d; \u201c…Laz ve Megrelce metinlerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, bu iki leh\u00e7enin tek bir dilin \u00f6\u011feleri oldu\u011funu ortaya koymu\u015ftur…\u201d; \u201c…K\u0131rsal kesim Lazcas\u0131n\u0131n Megrelce\u2019den pek fark\u0131 yok gibidir…\u201d; \u201cBug\u00fcn Laz Megrel leh\u00e7elerinin tek bir lisan Zanca\u2019n\u0131n iki ayr\u0131 a\u011fz\u0131 oldu\u011fu hususunda ihtilaf kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r…\u201d<\/em> (s.59, 61, 78, 79.)<\/p>\n Ancak kitap, demagojik ifadeleri kullanmaktan da geri durmuyor: \u201cBu dil (Lazca) G\u00fcrc\u00fcce\u2019nin bir diyalektidir…\u201d; \u201c…Bizim dilimiz (Lazca) G\u00fcrc\u00fcce\u2019nin bir leh\u00e7esidir…\u201d; \u2018\u201c..Zanca\u2019n\u0131n… G\u00fcrc\u00fcce\u2019nin ta kendisi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemeye gerek oldu\u011funu sanm\u0131yorum…\u201d <\/em>(s. 56, 70, 79)<\/p>\n Bu demagojik ifadelere, Megrel ayd\u0131n\u0131 Nugzar Dzhodhua bir anlamda \u015f\u00f6yle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k veriyor:(31)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201c\u00c7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131z ve torunlar\u0131n\u0131zla konu\u015furken, onlara hangi dille hitap etti\u011finizi sorabilir miyim? (Megrelce mi G\u00fcrc\u00fcce mi?)…<\/em><\/p>\n Haziran 1990\u2019da, Londra\u2019da toplanan 5. Avrupa Kafkasoloji Kongresi toplant\u0131lar\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131. Sunulan tebli\u011flerden biri Megrelce ve Lazcaya ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Karde\u015f dil lazca\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki durumu gibi Megrelce\u2019nin de G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da yok say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 konular\u0131, tebli\u011fin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan noktalar\u0131ndand\u0131…<\/em><\/p>\n … E\u011fer bir Megrel \u00e7ocu\u011fu G\u00fcrc\u00fcce\u2019yi okulda \u00f6\u011frenemezse, \u00e7ocu\u011fun anadili Megrelce oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, G\u00fcrc\u00fcce\u2019yi hi\u00e7bir zaman \u00f6\u011frenemeyecektir…<\/em><\/p>\n Hi\u00e7bir tarih\u00e7i, dilbilimci, dil bilgini veya herhangi bir dalda uzman ki\u015fi Megreller\u2019in G\u00fcrc\u00fc oldu\u011funu ispatlayamaz. Megreller kendilerini G\u00fcrc\u00fc kabul etmeye (Sovyet periyodunda) zorland\u0131 ve i\u015fte bu y\u00fczden, bug\u00fcn ya da yar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissetirecek ve uzunca bir s\u00fcre de etkili olacak Megrelya ve Megreller sorunu bunca y\u0131l s\u0131cak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r…<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki bir grup \u201cG\u00fcrc\u00fc ayd\u0131n\u0131\u201d taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan \u00c7veneburi Dergisi<\/em>\u2019nde de Lazlar\u2019\u0131n Tarihi<\/em> adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n Megrelce ve Lazca\u2019n\u0131n, G\u00fcrc\u00fcce\u2019nin bir diyalekti oldu\u011fu (!) iddias\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcten \u015fu ifadelere rastl\u0131yoruz:(32)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201c… Baz\u0131 dilbilimciler Laz-Megrel ve Svan dillerini, G\u00fcrc\u00fcce\u2019den ayr\u0131 bir dil de\u011fil, G\u00fcrc\u00fcce\u2019nin leh\u00e7eleri olarak kabul eder. Ancak bir G\u00fcrc\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn, bu diller aras\u0131ndaki temel yap\u0131 benzerliklerine kar\u015f\u0131n, Laz-Megrel ve Svan dillerini anlamas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir…\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Stockholm \u00dcniversitesi \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerinden Joakim Enwall da, Megrelce ile ilgili \u015fu aktarmay\u0131 yap\u0131yor:(33)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201c… Megrelce, bilim taraf\u0131ndan (Marr, Tsagareli, Kip\u015fidze ve di\u011ferleri) ispatlanm\u0131\u015f bir dildir… Megrel k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fc Megrelce konu\u015fur ve bu dille ya\u015far… Madem ki Megrel k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fc daha iyi bir dili bilmiyor, Megrelce\u2019yi kullanmal\u0131d\u0131r…<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n Kitapta, \u201c…Laz lisan\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6reltilip Osmanl\u0131ca\u2019n\u0131n hakim k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131…\u201d; \u201c…padi\u015fah buyru\u011fuyla Laz lisan\u0131, devlet dairelerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, aile aras\u0131nda da kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasakland\u0131. Lazlar\u0131n her yerde ve aile aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmalar\u0131 zorunlu hale getirildi… Bunca a\u011f\u0131r Osmanl\u0131 bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda art\u0131k Laz anadili ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fatmak olanaks\u0131zd\u0131.\u201d; \u201c.. Hopa\u2019da Faik Efendi… Sultan Hamid d\u00f6neminde bir Laz Alfabesi v\u00fccuda getirilmesi i\u00e7in giri\u015fimde bulunmu\u015f… yakalay\u0131p zindana kapatm\u0131\u015flar… Ailesini ba\u015fka illere s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fler, bulduklar\u0131 belgeleri ate\u015fe vermi\u015fler…\u201d <\/em>(s. 61, 71) gibi tarihsel ger\u00e7eklere temas edilirken, G\u00fcrcistan SSC\u2019de ya\u015fayan Lazlar\u2019\u0131n 1920\u2019lerden itibaren \u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcrel haklar\u201da sahip olduklar\u0131, \u201cLazca anadil okullar\u0131\u201dn\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu, dillerinde gazete, kitaplar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 1930\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel haklar\u0131n\u0131n ellerinden al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, Lazca okullar direkt\u00f6r\u00fc \u0130skender T\u2019sita\u015fi\u2019nin katledildi\u011fi gibi ger\u00e7eklere hi\u00e7 temas edilmiyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde t\u00fcm canl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ya\u015fayacak olan Laz Edebiyat\u0131\u2019n\u0131n neden engellendi\u011fi, bunun G\u00fcrc\u00fc-Laz karde\u015fli\u011fine ne gibi zarar verece\u011fi, kitab\u0131n ilgi alan\u0131nda olmayan (!) konulard\u0131r.(34)<\/strong><\/p>\n Kitab\u0131n hi\u00e7 de\u011finmedi\u011fi konulardan bir tanesi de, Megrelce\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 Sovyet periyordunda izlenen zalimane uygulamad\u0131r.(35)<\/strong><\/p>\n 1914\u2019te, St. Petersburg\u2019da N. Marr taraf\u0131ndan planlanan filoloji program\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak, Megrelce\u2019nin zaman\u0131n en m\u00fckemmel Kafkas dili olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kip\u015fidze\u2019nin Grammatika Mingrel\u2019skogo (\u0130verskogo) Jazuka sxrestomateju i Sloveram<\/em> adl\u0131 kitap olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n 1 Mart 1930\u2019da, 1932\u2019den itibaren Megrelce g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak yay\u0131mlanacak olan Kazaki\u015fi Gazeti<\/em> (K\u00f6yl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn gazetesi) yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu gazete, hi\u00e7 G\u00fcrc\u00fcce bilmeyen veya \u00e7ok az G\u00fcrc\u00fcce bilen Megrelya k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fcne yeni ideoloji ve sosyal geli\u015fmeler hakk\u0131nda bilgi vermek amac\u0131yla yay\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130ddia edildi\u011fi gibi ge\u00e7en y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn Megreller, G\u00fcrc\u00fcce bilmi\u015f olsalard\u0131, 1930\u2019larda parti yerel komitesinin yay\u0131n organ\u0131 olan b\u00f6yle bir gazeteye gerek kalmayacakt\u0131. Kazaki\u015fi Gazeti<\/em>, 1 Ocak 1936 tarihine kadar tamam\u0131 Megrelce olarak yay\u0131mland\u0131. Ancak bu tarihten sonra ad\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. Komunari <\/em>oldu ve yar\u0131 Megrelce yar\u0131-G\u00fcrc\u00fcce yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na devam etti. Komunari<\/em>, 22 Temmuz 1938 tarihine kadar yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na devam etti. Bu tarihte Komunari<\/em> ad\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirildi ve tamamen G\u00fcrc\u00fcce olarak yay\u0131mlanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Mebrjoli<\/em> (G\u00fcrc\u00fcce \u201cSava\u015f\u00e7\u0131\u201d) ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.(36)<\/strong><\/p>\n Kitap, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Lazca ve Megrelce\u2019nin yaz\u0131l\u0131 edebiyat dilleri olmalar\u0131n\u0131n engellenmesine hi\u00e7 de\u011finmedi\u011fi gibi, \u201c…Ruslar\u0131n … hatalar\u0131… Rus kesimindeki Lazistan halk\u0131na kendi \u00f6z lisanlar\u0131 G\u00fcrc\u00fcce ile tedrisat g\u00f6stermek yerine… onlar\u0131… Rus lisan\u0131yla okutmalar\u0131yd\u0131… \u201c <\/em>(s.63-64) diyerek \u015foven y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Laz Tehciri<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Kitab\u0131n belirtti\u011fi ger\u00e7eklerden biri de, Lazlar\u0131n tarihsel olarak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 co\u011frafyadan tehcir edilmi\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u201c\u2026 yerli Laz unsuru ise\u00a0 Anadolu\u2019nun uzak semtlerine s\u00fcr\u00fclmeye ba\u015fland\u0131…\u201d; \u201c… 1810 y\u0131l\u0131nda t\u00fcm Lazistan n\u00fcfusu 600 binden fazla iken bunun 400 bini yurtlar\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, kalan 200 bini halen eski yerlerinde ya\u015famaktad\u0131r…\u201d<\/em> (s.55, 59)<\/p>\n Kitab\u0131 T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7eviren ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye kazand\u0131r\u0131lan \u201cKazakistan\u2019a S\u00fcr\u00fclen Lazlar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalede anlat\u0131lan Laz tehciri ve nedenlerinden, kitapta nedense (!) hi\u00e7 bahsedilmiyor.<\/p>\n Bak\u0131n, \u201cKazakistan\u2019a S\u00fcr\u00fclen Lazlar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 makalede neler yaz\u0131yor:(37)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u201c…1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Do\u011fu G\u00fcrcistan\u2019da Meskhi G\u00fcrc\u00fcleri\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131nda patlayan bomba bu kez Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan\u2019daki Laz halk\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda dola\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131… Lazlar da be\u015f y\u0131l \u00f6nce Meskhiler\u2019in \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm yolculu\u011funa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Meskhiler\u2019in u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 jenosite u\u011frat\u0131ld\u0131lar. Lazlar\u2019\u0131n cesetleri, Kazakistan \u00c7\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019ndeki Meskhiler\u2019in kemikleri \u00fczerine ilave edildi.\u00a0 Kazakistan \u00f6l\u00fcm yolu, insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131\u00a0 ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 nedeniyle Laz n\u00fcfusunun yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kendine kurban etti. Menzile ancak yar\u0131s\u0131 ula\u015fabildi.<\/em><\/p>\n Laz Halk\u0131, bug\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00f6renin yerli etnik ad\u0131yla an\u0131l\u0131yor. Kimisine T\u00fcrk, kimisine Kazak, kimisine \u00d6zbek ad\u0131 yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Toplam n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 da 20 bine indirgendi…<\/em><\/p>\n S\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilen Laz ailelerinin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 40 y\u0131ldan fazlad\u0131r, Rus, kazak, \u00d6zbek okullar\u0131nda okutuluyor. Art\u0131k bunlar\u0131n anadillerini unutmu\u015f olmalar\u0131 hayret edilecek i\u015flerden olamaz…<\/em><\/p>\n Lazlar\u2019\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fcn nedeni, bug\u00fcne kadar anla\u015f\u0131labilmi\u015f de\u011fildir. Bunu kimin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kime ne kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131, Lazlar\u2019\u0131n su\u00e7unun ne oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f de\u011fil…<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n Kitap yaln\u0131zca s\u0131radan insan\u0131n akl\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmakla, Laz Dili ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 olan So\u011fuk Sava\u015f D\u00f6nemi endeksli \u00e7evrelere iyi (!) bir malzeme olmakla kalmad\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda SSCB\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle konu s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7eken ve etnik k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerle birden ilgileri kabaran \u00e7evrelere de ba\u015fvuru kitab\u0131 haline gelerek, yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak aktar\u0131l\u0131r oldu. Ancak, Ogni Dergisi\u2019<\/em>nin 1993\u2019te yay\u0131n hayat\u0131na ba\u015flamas\u0131, Lazlarla ilgili ciddi yay\u0131nlar\u0131n kamuoyunun bilgisine sunulmas\u0131 ve eskiden kapal\u0131 bir kutu olan SSCB\u2019nin 15 cumhuriyetinde ya\u015fayan halklarla ilgili olarak kendilerine resm\u00ee tarih empoze edilen bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki engellerin kalkmas\u0131, bu alanda bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n yolunu a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu geli\u015fmeler, \u015f\u00fcphesiz \u015fovenist e\u011filimlerin k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Lazlar\u2019\u0131n Tarihi<\/em> t\u00fcr\u00fc, demagojik propaganda i\u00e7eren, \u201cSo\u011fuk Sava\u015f D\u00f6nemi\u201d ama\u00e7lar\u0131na uygun olarak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6yle bir kitap yerine, 1920\u2019lerde yaz\u0131l\u0131 edebiyat dili haline getirilme s\u00fcreci ba\u015flayan Lazca ile ilgili, o d\u00f6nemlerde yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olan gazete, dergi ve kitaplar\u0131n tozlu ar\u015fiv raflar\u0131ndan indirilerek kamuoyuna kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, Lazca\u2019n\u0131n neden yaz\u0131l\u0131 edebiyat dili olma s\u00fcrecinin engellendi\u011fi konular\u0131na de\u011finen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 daha etkili olmaz m\u0131yd\u0131?<\/p>\n Dipnotlar: <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n (1).<\/strong> Kitab\u0131n ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, \u00c7veneburi Kafkasoloji Dergisi<\/em>\u2019nin 6-7. say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (\u0130stanbul, 1979).<\/p>\n (2).<\/strong> Ha\u015fim Akman, \u201cLaz Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Kuruluyor\u201d, Akt\u00fcel<\/em>, say\u0131 66, 8-14 Ekim 1992.<\/p>\n (3).<\/strong> Cumhuriyet Kitap<\/em>, say\u0131 131.<\/p>\n (4).<\/strong> Aktaran: \u00dcmit Bayazo\u011flu, \u201cS\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 Bir Laz F\u0131kras\u0131\u201d, EP (Ekonomi Politika)<\/em>, say\u0131 31,<\/p>\n 27 Haziran- 4 Temmuz 1993. Anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla bu bildiriyi kaleme alan(lar) kitab\u0131 hi\u00e7 g\u00f6rmemi\u015fler.<\/p>\n (5). <\/strong>\u201cLazistan Safsatas\u0131\u201d, T\u00fcrkiye Gazetesi, 2 \u015eubat 1993.<\/p>\n (6).<\/strong> H\u00e2le Soysu, Kavimler Kap\u0131s\u0131- I<\/em>, Kaynak Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1992; Cemil Gubaz, \u201cKaradeniz Ve Kafkasya Halklar\u0131\u201d, Hedef,<\/em> say\u0131 26, \u0130stanbul, Aral\u0131k 1993; \u201cTarihi Unutturulmu\u015f Bir Halk: Lazlar\u201d, \u00d6zg\u00fcr Karadeniz<\/em>, say\u0131 14, Trabzon, 1 Haziran 1995; Mihriban Art\u0131klar, \u201cF\u0131kralar Halklara Kar\u015f\u0131\u201d, \u00d6zg\u00fcr Ya\u015fam<\/em>, \u0130stanbul, 7-13 Ekim 1995; Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019in En Eski Halk\u0131 Lazlar<\/em>, Yeni Kafkasya G\u00fcne\u015fi<\/em>, say\u0131 1, \u0130stanbul, Mart 1996. \u015e\u00fcphesiz, yukar\u0131daki makaleleri yazanlar\u0131 kas\u0131t\u0131 davranmakla su\u00e7lam\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n (7).<\/strong> Necati Zincirk\u0131ran, \u201cBir Bu Eksikti!…\u201d, Bug\u00fcn<\/em>, 2 \u015eubat 1993; Karadeniz F\u0131kralar\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Karadeniz Tarihi, Soner Yay\u0131m, \u0130stanbul, 1993. Bu \u015fah\u0131slar en az\u0131ndan \u201cGenelkurmay Bas\u0131mevi\u201d taraf\u0131ndan (Ankara, 1966) yay\u0131mlanan, W.E.D. Allen ve Paul Muratoff\u2019un Kafkas Harekat\u0131, 1828-1921, T\u00fcrk-Kafkas S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki Harplerin Tarihi<\/em> adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 okumu\u015f olsalard\u0131, Lazlar\u0131n hi\u00e7bir zaman \u201cb\u00f6l\u00fcc\u00fc\u201d olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6recek ve talihsiz sat\u0131rlar\u0131 kaleme alma ihtiyac\u0131 hissetmeyeceklerdi. Lazlar\u0131n, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funa hayret verici ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz.: Wolfgang Feurstein, \u201cBir Alman G\u00f6z\u00fcyle Lazlar\u201d, Ogni K\u00fclt\u00fcr Dergisi<\/em>, say\u0131 2, Ocak 1994.<\/p>\n (8).<\/strong> Makalemde s\u0131k\u00e7a ge\u00e7ecek olan \u201ckitap\u201d, \u201ckitab\u0131n\u201d, \u201ckitab\u0131\u201d gibi ifadelerden \u201cLazLar\u2019\u0131n Tarihi\u201d adl\u0131 kitap kastedilmektedir. Lazca kelimelerde kullan\u0131lan ( \u2018 ), kendisinden \u00f6nce gelen harfi yumu\u015fatmak a\u00e7ac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n (9).<\/strong> Gerg Am\u0131cba, Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019da Abhazlar, Lazlarr, s. 7, Nart Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1993.<\/p>\n (10).<\/strong> Fahrettin \u00c7ilo\u011flu, G\u00fcrc\u00fclerin Tarihi, s. 37, Ant Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1993.<\/p>\n (11).<\/strong> F. \u00c7ilo\u011flu, a.g.k., s. 34.<\/p>\n (12).<\/strong> Bkz.: M. Fahrettin K\u0131rz\u0131o\u011flu, \u201cLazlar\/ \u00c7anarlar\u201d, VII. T\u00fcrk Tarih Kongresi<\/em>, 2. Seksiyon, Cilt I, Ankara, 1972.<\/p>\n (13).<\/strong> Hayri Ersoy, Aysun Kamac\u0131, \u00c7erkes Tarihi, s.23, T\u00fcmzamanlar Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130stanbul, 1992; F. \u00c7ilo\u011flu, a.g.k., s. 35.<\/p>\n (14).<\/strong> Mahmut Golo\u011flu, Pontos<\/em>, s.108-111, Ankara,1973.<\/p>\n (15).<\/strong> Alexandre Toumarkine, Les Lazes En Turquie<\/em> (Rep\u00e9res Chororologiques), s. 108, Les Editions ISIS, \u0130stanbul, 1995.<\/p>\n (16).<\/strong> V. Minorsky, \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi<\/em> (Laz Makalesi), cilt 7, s. 25, Maarif Bas\u0131mevi, \u0130stanbul, 1957.<\/p>\n (17).<\/strong> F. \u00c7ilo\u011flu, a.g.k., s. 79.<\/p>\n (18).<\/strong> Hayri Hayrio\u011flu, \u201cMeshhet \u00dclkesi ve Meskhilerin Ulusal Kimli\u011fi\u201d, Bizim \u0130neg\u00f6l Gazetesi, 10 Mart 1995; M. F. K\u0131rz\u0131o\u011fku, a.g.y.; \u201cAcaristan \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti\u201d, \u0130znik Batum ve Havalisi K\u00fclt\u00fcr Derne\u011fi, yay\u0131n no: 1, s. 5-6.<\/p>\n (19).<\/strong> Peter Gold, FrankJ. Gillis, Indiana University, Archives Of Traditional Music Folklore Instutute, Bloomington, USA; H. Hayrio\u011flu (\u00e7ev.), \u201cY\u00fczy\u0131l \u00d6nce \u00c7\u2019aneti\u201d, Ogni K\u00fclt\u00fcr Dergisi, say\u0131 1, Kas\u0131m 1993.<\/p>\n (20).<\/strong> \u201cAcaristan \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti\u201d, s. 6.<\/p>\n (21).<\/strong> \u0130sl\u00e2m Ansiklopedisi (G\u00fcrc\u00fcstan maddesi\u201d, Cilt 4, s. 837-839, Mill\u00ee E\u011fitim Bas\u0131mevi, \u0130stanbul, 1964.<\/p>\n (22).<\/strong> F. \u00c7ilo\u011flu, a.g.k., s. 35.<\/p>\n (23).<\/strong> H. Ersoy, A. Kamac\u0131, a.g.k., s.78; Bkz.: M. Recai \u00d6zg\u00fcn, Lazlar,<\/em> \u00c7iviyaz\u0131lar\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1996.<\/p>\n (24).<\/strong> Stefanos Yerasimos, Milliyetler ve S\u0131n\u0131rlar, s. 276-277, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1994.<\/p>\n (25).<\/strong> George Hewitt, \u201c\u00c7e\u00e7enler ve Kom\u015fular\u0131\u201d, Birikim<\/em>, say\u0131 78, Ekim 1995.<\/p>\n (26)<\/strong>. S. Yerasimos, a.g.k., s. 277.<\/p>\n (27).<\/strong> Acaristan \u00d6. C., \u00d6ns\u00f6z, s.V.<\/p>\n (28)<\/strong>. A.\u00d6.C., s. V-VI.<\/p>\n (29).<\/strong> Hans Vogt, \u201cCaucasian Languages\u201d, Collier Encyclopedia, cilt 5, s. 578\/ a, Mac Millan Educational Company, New York, 1985; T. Halasi-Hun, A. H. Kuipers, K. H. Menges, \n
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