![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/LAZCA-YASAMALIDIR-b.png\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz<\/strong><\/p>\n Lazca, Do\u011fu Karadeniz ve G\u00fcneybat\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n yerli halk\u0131 olan Lazlar\u0131n ana dilidir. Yerli bir ana dili olarak; toplu olarak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 Rize\u2019nin Pazar (Atina), Arde\u015fen (Arta\u015feni), \u00c7aml\u0131hem\u015fin (Vija), F\u0131nd\u0131kl\u0131 (Vitze), Artvin\u2019in Arhavi (Arkabi) ve Hopa (Khopa), Bor\u00e7ka il\u00e7elerinde; G\u00fcrcistan \/ Acaristan\u2019\u0131n Batumi kenti civar\u0131nda konu\u015fulur. Lazlar, sava\u015flar nedeniyle tarihsel y\u00f6relerinden g\u00f6\u00e7 etmek zorunda da kald\u0131lar. Yine toplu olarak, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Bat\u0131 kesimlerindeki yerle\u015fim birimlerinde de ya\u015farlar. Bu sebeple Lazca ayn\u0131 zamanda da bir muhacir dilidir de.\u00a0 Bu sebeple Lazca, Doksan \u00dc\u00e7 Harbi\u2019nden (1877- 1878) sonra Osmanl\u0131 y\u00f6netimi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan ve sava\u015ftan etkilenen di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerden g\u00f6\u00e7 ederek Ak\u00e7akoca, Karam\u00fcrsel, Sapanca, Yalova vb. muhacir k\u00f6ylerinde topluca ve da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k olarak ya\u015fayanlar aras\u0131nda konu\u015fulmaktad\u0131r. Lazca yaln\u0131zca T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Bat\u0131 kesimlerinde de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda da Abhazya\u2019da da bir muhacir dilidir. Lazlar i\u00e7in gurbet \u0130stanbul\u2019dan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce \u201cRusya\u201d idi. Para kazanmak i\u00e7in, Osmanl\u0131 Lazistan\u0131\u2019ndan Moskova\u2019ya, So\u00e7i\u2019ye, Tiflis\u2019e, Gagra\u2019ya, Gudauta\u2019ya, Sohumi\u2019ya, O\u00e7am\u00e7ire\u2019ye, Anakliya\u2019ya ve onun gibi \u015fehirlere gidiyorlard\u0131. \u00c7o\u011funlukla da \u015fimdiki Abhazya\u2019ya gidiyordular. \u0130\u015fte bu sebeple de, \u201cSovyet Devrimi\u201dnin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda Abhazya\u2019da da \u00f6nemli ve topluca ya\u015fayan Laz muhacir yerle\u015fimleri olu\u015fmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n Lazcan\u0131n alfabesi ve gramerinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u00e7aba ve m\u00fccadelesi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczden y\u00fcz elli y\u0131l kadar \u00f6nce ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu konuda dilbilimci Nikolay Marr bilgi verir. Osman Tamtruli de bu konuda yazar. \u0130skender Tzita\u015fi de Sovyet Ansiklopesi\u2019nde bu konuyu aktar\u0131r. Lazcan\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir dil haline getirilmesi m\u00fccadelesinde bayrakla\u015fan isim Hopal\u0131 Faik Efendi\u2019dir. Sultan 2. Abdulhamit d\u00f6neminde takibata u\u011frarlar; s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderilirler. Osmanl\u0131 Lazistan\u2019\u0131nda Laz kimli\u011fini ya\u015fatmaya y\u00f6nelik \u00e7abalar kesintiye u\u011frar. Sovyet y\u00f6netimi, \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck halklar\u0131 da hat\u0131rlar. Lazlar da bu halklar aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.\u00a0 Sovyet Lazlar\u0131 Halk \u00f6nderi partili \u0130skender Tzita\u015fi, 1920\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015flamak \u00fczere Lazlar\u0131n kimlik m\u00fccadelesinde bayrakla\u015f\u0131r. Laz Alfabesi (\u201cLazuri Alboni\u201d) olu\u015fturulur. 1929\u2019da Lazca ilk gazete yay\u0131nlan\u0131r. Alfabe geli\u015ftirilir.\u00a0 Lazca Tiyatro eserleri sergilenir. En \u00f6nemlisi de Laz ana dil okullar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Lazca ders kitaplar\u0131 haz\u0131rlan\u0131r: \u201c\u00c7kuni \u00c7hara- Alboni\u015fi Supara (1932)\u201d (\u201cYaz\u0131m\u0131z- Alfabe Kitab\u0131\u201d), \u201cOxesapu\u015fi Supara (1933)\u201d \u201cAlboni (1935)\u201d, (\u201cMatematik Kitab\u0131\u201d), \u201cOkitxu\u015feni Supara (1937)\u201d\u00a0(Okuma Kitab\u0131\u201d). Lazlar\u0131n Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019ndeki \u201cK\u00fclt\u00fcrel Haklar\u0131\u201d 1940\u2019lara varmadan iptal edildi. Laz Halk \u00d6nderi \u0130skender Tzita\u015fi, \u201chalk d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131\u201d ilan edildi, \u201cyarg\u0131land\u0131\u201d ve idam edildi.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye Lazlar\u0131n\u0131n kimli\u011fi ise, hi\u00e7bir zaman tan\u0131nmad\u0131. Lazca yerle\u015fim birimlerinin adlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. Lazcan\u0131n yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle dursun, konu\u015fulmas\u0131 bile baz\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde engellenmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcrecine girmesi ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesiyle birlikte T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki Laz ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda da bir hareketlilik ba\u015flad\u0131. 1993 Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131nda \u201cOgni K\u00fclt\u00fcr Dergisi\u201dyle ba\u015flad\u0131 bu entelekt\u00fcel s\u00fcre\u00e7. Ba\u015fta Hopal\u0131 Faik Efendi\u2019den, \u0130skender Tzita\u015fi\u2019den ve onlar\u0131n ba\u015flatt\u0131klar\u0131 m\u00fccadele ve eserlerinden haberleri yoktu. Tekrar ate\u015fi ve tekerle\u011fi ke\u015ffetmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar; bilindik hatalar\u0131 ki\u015fisel s\u00fcrt\u00fc\u015fme ve safla\u015fmalar\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131lar. Bu sebeple de 2004\u2019teki TRT\u2019nin anadil yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda da ge\u00e7en y\u0131l uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 duyurulan ana dili dersleri m\u00fcfredat haz\u0131rlama \u00e7abalar\u0131nda da s\u0131n\u0131fta kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Laz ayd\u0131nlar\u0131, y\u00fcz elli y\u0131ll\u0131k kimlik m\u00fccadelesiyle irtibatlar\u0131n\u0131 hen\u00fcz sa\u011flayamam\u0131\u015f ve bu d\u00f6nemi bilgi, belge ve \u00f6nderleriyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p sahiplenememi\u015f olsalar bile, el yordam\u0131yla ve bireysel \u00e7abalarla kimlik ve m\u00fccadelesine devam ediyorlar. Bu alanda son y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e ve Lazca eserler ortaya koydular. Lazika Yay\u0131n Kolektifi, Laz K\u00fclt\u00fcr Derne\u011fi, Sorun Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 ve \u00c7iviyaz\u0131lar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yay\u0131nlar\u0131 ilk akla gelebilenlerdir. Laz ayd\u0131nlar\u0131 Lazcaya \u00f6nem veriyorlar. Lazcan\u0131n kimliklerinin en \u00f6nemli unsuru oldu\u011funu biliyorlar. Bu anlamda Ankara\u2019da, \u0130stanbul\u2019da, Kocaeli\u2019nde Lazca dil kurslar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyorlar. Ancak b\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u00e7abalar, iyi niyetli de olsa yetersiz g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Gerek Lazlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ve yerlisi olduklar\u0131 yerlerdeki ilkokullarda ve gerekse de Toplu olarak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 Bat\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerindeki ilkokullarda Lazca anadil dersleri not a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak okutulmal\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 devlet yapmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Lazcan\u0131n bug\u00fcnk\u00fc durumundan devlet taraf\u0131ndan uygulanan asimilasyon politikalar\u0131 sorumludur. Yine ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde Lazlar\u0131n toplu olarak ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 Acaristan ve Abhazya\u2019daki yerle\u015fim birimlerinde de benzer iyile\u015ftirici d\u00fczenlemeler yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Laz kimli\u011fi ve\u00a0Lazca, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte uluslararas\u0131 dengelere kurban edilmi\u015ftir. Bu dengeler ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, art\u0131k b\u00fcrokratik anlamda da de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin zaman\u0131 gelmi\u015ftir. Lazca ya\u015famal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n [Kaynak<\/strong>: Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cLazca ya\u015famal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d, \u00d6zg\u00fcr G\u00fcndem Gazetesi\/ demokrathaber.org, 21. II. 2013]<\/p>\n [\u00d6nerilen okumalar<\/strong>: \u201cAbhazya Parlamentosu\u2019nun A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131\u201d, Kafkasya Yaz\u0131lar\u0131, Say\u0131 6, \u00c7iviyaz\u0131lar\u0131 Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul, 1999\/ sonhaber.ch\/ circassiancenter.com. tr; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cKafkasya K\u00fclt\u00fcr K\u00f6kenli Bir Topluluk: Lazlar”, Birikim Ayl\u0131k Sosyalist K\u00fclt\u00fcr Dergisi, Say\u0131 71-72 – Mart\/ Nisan 1995, birikimdergisi.com\/ circassiancenter.com.tr; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cSovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin Milliyetler Politikas\u0131 ve Kafkasya\u201d, Tarih ve Toplum Dergisi, Say\u0131 199, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2000\/ Yeni T\u00fcrkiye, Say\u0131 74, Yeni T\u00fcrkiye Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi, Ankara, Ankara, 2015\/ sonhaber.ch\/ circassiancenter.com.tr; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cAbhazya\u2019da Yay\u0131nlanan Lazca Ders Kitaplar\u0131\/ Lazca A\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131 Aritmetik Ders Kitab\u0131\u201d, \u00d6zg\u00fcr G\u00fcndem Gazetesi, \u0130stanbul\/ circassiancenter.com.tr, 09. VII. 2012; Nuri Bagaps, (\u00c7eviren: Anri \u00c7ediya) \u201c20. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda ve 21. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n Ba\u015f\u0131nda Abhazya\u2019da Laz N\u00fcfusu: Demografik Durum ve Yerle\u015fim Co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6zellikler\/ The Laz Population in Abkhazia in the 20th Century and Beginning of the 21st Century: Demographic Situation and Features of the Geographic Settlement\u201d, Kafkasya Cal\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u2013 Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi \/ Journal of Caucasian Studies May\u0131s 2021 \/ May 2021, Y\u0131l \/ Vol. 6, \u2116 12\/ dergipark.org.tr; Y\u0131lmaz Avc\u0131: \u201cTek Ses Olarak Muhatap Olamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z M\u00fcddet\u00e7e Bizim Bu Sesleni\u015flerimiz Sadece \u00c7atlak Birer Ses Olarak Yank\u0131lan\u0131r!\u201d, lazca.org, 31.V. 2013]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ali İhsan Aksamaz Lazca, Doğu Karadeniz ve Güneybatı Kafkasya’nın yerli halkı olan Lazların ana dilidir. Yerli bir ana dili olarak; toplu olarak yaşadıkları Rize’nin Pazar (Atina), Ardeşen (Artaşeni), Çamlıhemşin (Vija), Fındıklı (Vitze), Artvin’in Arhavi (Arkabi) ve Hopa (Khopa), Borçka ilçelerinde; Gürcistan \/ Acaristan’ın Batumi kenti civarında konuşulur. Lazlar, savaşlar nedeniyle tarihsel yörelerinden göç etmek zorunda 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