{"id":44918,"date":"2025-05-08T01:15:01","date_gmt":"2025-05-08T06:15:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=44918"},"modified":"2025-05-08T15:46:55","modified_gmt":"2025-05-08T20:46:55","slug":"efsanelerde-livera-geyikleri-mubadele","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/efsanelerde-livera-geyikleri-mubadele\/","title":{"rendered":"EFSANELERDE L\u0130VERA GEY\u0130KLER\u0130 [M\u00dcB\u00c2DELE]"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cM\u00fcb\u00e2dele\u201d, Arap\u00e7a k\u00f6kenli bir kelime. TDK S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kelimenin anlam\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor: \u201cDe\u011fi\u015fim\u201d. \u201cM\u00fcb\u00e2dil\u201d<\/em>\u00a0ise, \u201cba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n yerine getirilmi\u015f, m\u00fcb\u00e2dele edilmi\u015f,\u201d diye a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

30 Ocak 1923\u2019de, T.B.B.M. H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile Yunanistan H\u00fck\u00fcmeti aras\u0131nda imzalanan \u201cN\u00fcfus M\u00fcb\u00e2delesi Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u201dn\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Anadolu\u2019dan Yunanistan\u2019a b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Ortodoks H\u0131ristiyan \u201cm\u00fcb\u00e2delesi\u201d, Yunanistan\u2019dan da Anadolu\u2019ya b\u00fcy\u00fck bir M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u201cm\u00fcb\u00e2delesi\u201d ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bu anla\u015fmayla ya\u015fanan kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bu kitlesel \u201cg\u00f6\u00e7lere\u201d ili\u015fkin \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklar, \u00e7e\u015fitli rakamlar vermektedir. Konumuz, bu rakamlar\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 trajediler olmal\u0131! <\/em><\/p>\n

Kimi rakamlara g\u00f6re, Anadolu\u2019dan <\/em>1.200.000 Rum- Ortodoks H\u0131ristiyan Yunanistan\u2019a, Yunanistan\u2019dan da 500.000 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman- T\u00fcrk de Anadolu\u2019ya \u201cg\u00f6\u00e7 etmek\u201d zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 \u201cN\u00fcfus M\u00fcb\u00e2delesi Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u201dyla \u0130stanbul,\u00a0 G\u00f6k\u00e7eada\u00a0ve\u00a0Bozcaada\u2019n\u0131n Rum- Ortodoks H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 ile Bat\u0131 Trakya\u2019n\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131, bu m\u00fcb\u00e2dele d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bu \u201cN\u00fcfus M\u00fcb\u00e2delesi Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u201dnda g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulan \u201cm\u00fcb\u00e2dillerin\u201d etnik k\u00f6kenleri ve\/ya konu\u015ftuklar\u0131 \u201cana dilleri\u201d de\u011fil, dinleriydi. <\/em><\/p>\n

O g\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015fartlarda, \u201cRum- Ortodoks H\u0131ristiyan\u201d tan\u0131m\u0131, nas\u0131l yaln\u0131zca Anadolu\u2019daki \u201cRum etnik k\u00f6keni\u201dnden olanlar\u0131 ifade etmiyorsa, \u201cM\u00fcsl\u00fcman- T\u00fcrk\u201d tan\u0131m\u0131 da yaln\u0131zca Yunanistan\u2019daki \u201c T\u00fcrk Etnik k\u00f6keni\u201dnden olanlar\u0131 ifade etmemektedir.<\/p>\n

Anadolu\u2019dan Yunanistan\u2019a \u201cg\u00f6\u00e7 eden\u201d <\/em>Rum- Ortodoks H\u0131ristiyanlar aras\u0131nda \u201canadili\u201d T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olan Gagavuzlar ve\u00a0\u201cKaramanl\u0131lar\u201d ile \u201cPontoslular\u201d bulundu\u011fu gibi, Yunanistan\u2019dan Anadolu\u2019ya \u201cg\u00f6\u00e7 edenler\u201d aras\u0131nda \u201canadilleri\u201d T\u00fcrk\u00e7e olmayan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar da vard\u0131.\u00a0 Bulgarca ya da Makedonca konu\u015fan\u00a0Pomaklar,\u00a0 Rumca\u00a0 konu\u015fan Patriyotlar ve Arnavut\u00e7a\u00a0konu\u015fanlar ile Ulahlar da bu \u201cN\u00fcfus M\u00fcb\u00e2delesi Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u201ds\u0131yla Yunanistan\u2019dan Anadolu\u2019ya \u201cg\u00f6\u00e7 eden\u201d M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00fcfus M\u00fcb\u00e2delesi Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u201ds\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan hareketle makalemde, k\u0131saca \u201cEfsanelerde Livera Geyikleri\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 tan\u0131taca\u011f\u0131m. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu kitap, T.B.B.M. H\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile Yunanistan H\u00fck\u00fcmeti aras\u0131nda imzalanan \u201cN\u00fcfus M\u00fcb\u00e2delesi Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u201dndan etkilenerek Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nden Yunanistan\u2019a \u201cg\u00f6\u00e7 eden\u201d Rum- Ortodoks H\u0131ristiyanlara ili\u015fkin hik\u00e2yeleri de i\u00e7eriyor.<\/p>\n

Kitap, \u201cHeyamola Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\u201dndan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u201cEfsanelerde Livera Geyikleri\u201d, 2017\u2019de vef\u00e2t eden de\u011ferli e\u011fitimci-yazar Yusuf Bulut\u2019un eseri. Yusuf Bulut, 1949\u2019da, Trabzon- Ma\u00e7ka\u2019n\u0131n Livera (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ad\u0131yla Yazl\u0131k) K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nde do\u011fmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Livera Halk\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 olman\u0131n \u015feref ve itibar\u0131n\u0131n kendilerinden soruldu\u011funa inan\u0131r ve bunu da k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131kla savunurmu\u015f. Bunun da kendilerine g\u00f6re bir sebebi varm\u0131\u015f. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Osmanl\u0131 Sultanlar\u0131ndan Yavuz Sultan Selim\u2019in annesi G\u00fclbahar Hatun, Livera K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019denmi\u015f. Bu y\u00fczden Livera K\u00f6y\u00fc, bir\u00e7ok ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011fa sahipmi\u015f. \u0130\u015fte bu vb. sebeplerden, o zamanlar\u0131n Livera K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131, G\u00fclbahar Hatun\u2019un \u015fahs\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 \u00dclkesine olan b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131yla \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcrlermi\u015f. E\u011fitimci-yazar Yusuf Bulut, kitab\u0131nda bu bilgileri de aktar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Yusuf Bulut, Livera\/ Yazl\u0131k K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nden yolculu\u011fa \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor ve bizleri y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6ncesinin Do\u011fu Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi insan ili\u015fkilerine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Kitab\u0131nda,\u00a0 s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarih aktar\u0131mlar\u0131ndan da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde faydalan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Yusuf Bulut,\u00a0 s\u0131radan insan hik\u00e2yeleriyle, o d\u00f6nemin \u00fcretim, m\u00fclkiyet ve payla\u015f\u0131m ili\u015fkileri konusunda de\u011ferli bilgiler aktarmakla kalm\u0131yor, \u201cN\u00fcfus M\u00fcbadelesi Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u201dyla Livera K\u00f6y\u00fc H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 trajedileri de bizlere hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Burada s\u00f6z\u00fc Yusuf Bulut\u2019a b\u0131rak\u0131yorum:<\/p>\n

\u201c[\u2026] Haklar\u0131nda karar verilmi\u015f, T\u00fcrkiye H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131 ile Yunanistan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 takas ediliyor\u2026 <\/em><\/p>\n

Kara Hasan Efendinin evinde olan s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 daha ba\u015fkayd\u0131. \u00dc\u00e7 o\u011flu vard\u0131; en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u015eahin, on yedi ya\u015f\u0131nda yeni yetme bir delikanl\u0131yd\u0131\u2026 Mesele \u015fu ki; arkada\u015f\u0131 Antonis ve ailesi ile beraber muhacir gitmek istiyor\u2026 <\/em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Tasos Efendinin \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fc ve hasta o\u011flu vefat etmi\u015fti. B\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6y halk\u0131 cenazeye ak\u0131n etti\u2026 definden sonra Georgios Kilisesinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde dua yap\u0131lacakt\u0131\u2026 Papaz\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131nda duran Tasos Efendiye yakla\u015ft\u0131, kula\u011f\u0131na do\u011fru e\u011fildi; \u201cTasos Amca,\u201d dedi. \u201cBiliyorsun ben de sizinle gelece\u011fim ama m\u00fcb\u00e2dil evrak\u0131m yok. Filipos\u2019un evraklar\u0131n\u0131 istiyorum senden, ver de bundan b\u00f6yle senin o\u011flun olay\u0131m.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Adam dikkatle bakt\u0131 ona;<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cAma sen M\u00fcsl\u00fcmans\u0131n!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cOlsun, Tasos Amca, ikimiz de Liveral\u0131 de\u011fil miyiz?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Bu s\u00f6z kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hi\u00e7 ikilemedi Tasos, ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de diyemedi. Elini cebine soktu, di\u011ferleri aras\u0131ndan Filipos\u2019un evrak\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 verdi. \u015eahin boynuna sar\u0131ld\u0131 adam\u0131n\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi\u2019nde y\u00fczy\u0131l \u00f6ncesi bir zaman dilimine kadar yan yana ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ve H\u0131ristiyanlar\u0131n o g\u00fcnlerdeki g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ili\u015fkilerini \u00f6\u011frenmek istiyorsan\u0131z, de\u011ferli e\u011fitimci-yazar Yusuf Bulut\u2019un bu e\u015fsiz eserini mutlaka okumal\u0131 ve okutmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. (17. I. 2020)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

[\u00d6nerilen Okumalar<\/strong>: Ari \u00c7okona, \u201c20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Ba\u015flar\u0131nda Anadolu ve Trakya\u2019daki Rum Yerle\u015fimleri\u201d,\u00a0 Literat\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2016; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201c\u0130ki Ayr\u0131 Tarih ve \u0130ki Ayr\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn \u0130ki Ayr\u0131 Dili: Pontos\u00e7a ve Lazca\u201d, Kafkasya Yaz\u0131lar\u0131, Say\u0131 5, Sonbahar, \u00c7iviyaz\u0131lar\u0131 Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul, 1998; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cPontos K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u201dne Dipnot\u201d, Kafkasya Yaz\u0131lar\u0131, Say\u0131 7, Sonbahar, \u00c7iviyaz\u0131lar\u0131 Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul,\u00a0 1999; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cLazlar ve \u201cPontuslular\u201d\/ Rumlar\u201d, 14- 20. II. \u00a01999, (\u201cDil-Tarih-K\u00fclt\u00fcr-Gelenekleriyle Lazlar\u201d, 1. Bask\u0131, Sorun Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2000; 2. Bask\u0131, Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2014)]\/ aliihsanaksamaz.blogspot.com\/<\/a>; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cNational Geographic\u201din Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019i\u201d, Sorun Polemik Marksist \u0130nceleme- Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Dergisi, Say\u0131 6, Bahar 2003 (\u201cDo\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019de Resm\u00ee \u0130deolojiler Ku\u015fatmas\u0131\u201d,1. Bask\u0131, Sorun Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2003; 2. Bask\u0131, Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2011)\/ circassiancenter.com.tr; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz,\u00a0 \u201cEfsanelerde Livera Geyikleri Adl\u0131 Kitab\u0131n Ele\u015ftirisi\u201d, yusufbulut.com.tr\/ yusufbulut49.blogspot.com\/ circassiancenter.com.tr, 16. IV. 2015; M\u00fcfide Pekin, \u00c7imen Turan,\u201cLozan N\u00fcfus M\u00fcbadelesi \u0130le \u0130lgili Yay\u0131nlar ve Yay\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u201d, Lozan M\u00fcbadilleri Vakf\u0131 Yay\u0131n\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 2002; \u00d6mer Asan, \u201cPontos K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u201d,\u00a0 Belge Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1996; \u00d6mer Asan, \u201cYok Oluyoruz Ya Siz\u201d, Kafkasya Yaz\u0131lar\u0131, Say\u0131 8, \u0130lkbahar-Yaz, \u00a0\u00c7iviyaz\u0131lar\u0131 Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul, 2000; \u00d6mer Senan Arslaner, \u201cYunanistan ile M\u00fcbadelenin Nedenleri ve Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131\u201d, acikbilim.yok.gov.tr, \u0130stanbul, 2016; \u201cStefanos Yerasimos, \u201cMilliyetler ve S\u0131n\u0131rlar\/ Balkanlar, Kafkasya ve Ortado\u011fu\u201d, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1994]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ali İhsan Aksamaz  “Mübâdele”, Arapça kökenli bir kelime. TDK Sözlüğü, kelimenin anlamını şöyle açıklıyor: “Değişim”. “Mübâdil” ise, “başkasının yerine getirilmiş, mübâdele edilmiş,” diye açıklanıyor. 30 Ocak 1923’de, T.B.B.M. Hükümeti ile Yunanistan Hükümeti arasında imzalanan “Nüfus Mübâdelesi Anlaşması”nın ardından Anadolu’dan Yunanistan’a büyük bir Ortodoks Hıristiyan “mübâdelesi”, Yunanistan’dan da Anadolu’ya büyük bir Müslüman “mübâdelesi” yaşandı. İki ülke arasında 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