{"id":45299,"date":"2025-05-15T01:32:59","date_gmt":"2025-05-15T06:32:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=45299"},"modified":"2025-05-15T15:08:14","modified_gmt":"2025-05-15T20:08:14","slug":"dogu-karadenizde-resmi-ideolojiler-kusatmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/dogu-karadenizde-resmi-ideolojiler-kusatmasi\/","title":{"rendered":"DO\u011eU KARADEN\u0130Z’DE RESM\u0130 \u0130DEOLOJ\u0130LER KU\u015eATMASI"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz<\/strong><\/p>\n

Birinci Bask\u0131ya Sunu\u015f<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’ni olu\u015fturan on be\u015f birlik cumhuriyetinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00adme s\u00fcrecine girmesi, bu \u00fclke i\u00e7inde ve d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok geli\u015fmeyi de beraberinde getirdi. \u00d6ncelikle bu \u00fclkede \u201cetnik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalara\u201d tan\u0131k olundu. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle ba\u015flayan s\u00fcre\u00e7 ise, bu \u00fclke\u00adnin \u201cmilliyetler politikas\u0131n\u0131n\u201d da sorgulanmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcndeme getirdi. Ayn\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7te, \u00fclkemizde varl\u0131klar\u0131 bilinmekle beraber resm\u00ee ideoloji\u00adnin yok sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kendilerini k\u00fclt\u00fcrel anlamda bile olsa ifade kanal\u00adlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u0131kad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cetnik gruplar\u201d\u0131n da kendilerini \u015fu ya da \u015fu \u015fekilde ifa\u00adde etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Resm\u00ee ideolojinin emrindeki resm\u00ee ta\u00adrih tezleri, bu \u201cetnik gruplar\u201d\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015flerini karartma konusunda ha\u00adt\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yol kat etmi\u015f olsa da, \u00fclkenin ya\u015fayan dilleri b\u00fc\u00adt\u00fcn dayatmalar\u0131 yine bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te etkisiz k\u0131lmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Literat\u00fcrde \u201cmilliyetler meselesi,\u201d \u00e7ok genel kullan\u0131m ifadesiyle \u201cetnisite\u201d T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hemen hi\u00e7 kafa yorulmam\u0131\u015f bir aland\u0131r. \u201cSa\u011f\u201d ve \u201csol\u201dun da \u201cetnisite\u201d konusunda resm\u00ee ideoloji ve resm\u00ee tarih tez\u00adleriyle hi\u00e7bir sorunu olmam\u0131\u015f, ayn\u0131 politikalar\u0131 g\u00fctm\u00fc\u015flerdir. \u201cMuha\u00adlif sol\u201d da \u201cetnisite\u201dnin bir \u201csorun\u201d oldu\u011funun fark\u0131na varamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cpolitikalar\u201d geli\u015ftirememi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcn oldu\u011fu gibi bug\u00fcn de \u201csa\u011f\u201d ve \u201csol\u201d, \u201cso\u011fuk sava\u015f y\u0131lla\u00adr\u0131\u201dnda oldu\u011fu gibi \u201cetnisite\u201dye ili\u015fkin resm\u00ee tezleri birbirleriyle ya\u00adr\u0131\u015f halinde sahiplenmektedir. Anayasa ve baz\u0131 yasalardaki de\u011fi\u015fikler \u201csomut ger\u00e7eklikler\u201d ve ihtiya\u00e7tan hareketle de\u011fil, s\u0131rf AB’ye gire\u00adbilmek umuduyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmektedir. \u201cMuhalif \u0130sl\u00e2m\u00ee kesim\u201d, kendisini de ink\u00e2r eden resm\u00ee ideolojinin etkisinden kendisini kurta\u00adramad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in hen\u00fcz \u201cetnisite\u201d konusunu g\u00f6rememektedir.<\/p>\n

\u201cMuhalif Sol\u201d, \u201cLenin Yolda\u015f \u015f\u00f6yle dedi\u201d ve \u201cStalin Yolda\u015f bu\u00adnu dedi\u201dyi hen\u00fcz a\u015famam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n, Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin \u201cmilli\u00adyetler politikas\u0131\u201dn\u0131 ele\u015ftirenleri \u201cemperyalizmin saf\u0131nda sosyalizme sald\u0131rmakla, emperyalizme hizmet etmekle\u201d su\u00e7lamalar\u0131 da politika\u00ads\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k bir g\u00f6stergesidir. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nin tutars\u0131z \u201cmil\u00adliyetler politikas\u0131\u201d yaln\u0131zca bu \u00fclke i\u00e7indeki baz\u0131 milliyetlerle ilgili olumsuzluklara sebep olmakla kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; di\u011fer \u00fclkelerdeki resm\u00ee ideolojilerin bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki milliyetlerin de bu olumsuzluklardan derinden etkilenmelerine ve sahipsiz kalmalar\u0131na sebep olunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Mesel\u00e2 Sovyet y\u00f6netiminin Kafkasya’da uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cmilliyetler politikas\u0131\u201d incelendi\u011finde, \u201cbirlik cumhuriyeti\u201d, \u201c\u00f6zerk cumhuriyet\u201d veya \u201c\u00f6zerk b\u00f6lge\u201d siyas\u00ee \u00f6rg\u00fctlendirme temelinde \u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcrel hak\u201d veya siyas\u00ee \u00f6rg\u00fctlendirme temelinde olmayan \u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcrel hak\u201d gibi kavramlarla y\u00fcz y\u00fcze gelinmektedir.<\/p>\n

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Sovyet y\u00f6netiminin 1930’lu y\u0131llar\u0131n sonlar\u0131na kadar Kafkas\u00adya’da uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cmilliyetler politikas\u0131\u201dn\u0131 ele alacak olursak, bu po\u00adlitikan\u0131n olumlu ve olumsuz y\u00f6nleriyle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de farkl\u0131 ana dil\u00adlerini konu\u015fan \u00e7e\u015fitli \u201cetnik gruplar\u0131\u201d b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir \u201c\u00f6rnek\u201d olu\u015fturdu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. Bu d\u00f6nemde Kaf\u00adkasya\u2019da uygulanan \u201cmilliyetler politikas\u0131\u201d kendi i\u00e7inde bir b\u00f6lgeden di\u011ferine veya bir \u201cetnik gruptan\u201d di\u011ferine y\u00f6nelik tutars\u0131zl\u0131klar ta\u015f\u0131\u00admas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, kendilerine ait ana dilleri olan say\u0131ca daha az \u201cetnik gruplardan\u201d baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli temellerde \u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcrel haklara\u201d kavu\u015fmu\u015f\u00adtur.<\/p>\n

Yakla\u015f\u0131k son on y\u0131ldan bu yana \u201cetnisiteye\u201d ili\u015fkin olarak T\u00fcrki\u00adye’de yay\u0131mlanan telif ve terc\u00fcme eserler, ba\u015flarda \u00e7ok genel anlam\u00adda resm\u00ee ideoloji ve resm\u00ee tarih tezlerinin etkilerinin \u015fu ya da bu \u00f6l\u00ad\u00e7\u00fcde k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015fsa da, bu eserler somut tespitler yapmak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcn \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yollar\u0131 g\u00f6stermekten uzakt\u0131r. Meydan g\u00fcn\u00fc\u00adm\u00fczde \u201cmikro-milliyet\u00e7i unsurlar\u0131n\u201d eline kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yeni resm\u00ee ide\u00adolojiler ve yeni resm\u00ee tarih tezleri yarat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmakta, \u201ckimli\u00ad\u011fimi ifade ediyorum\u201dun ad\u0131na insanlar\u0131n kafas\u0131 buland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r ve insanlara \u201ckimlik\u201d dayat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n telif ve ter\u00adc\u00fcme eserleri \u201cpost-modern zamanlarda\u201d baz\u0131 yay\u0131nevlerinin ekmek kap\u0131s\u0131 haline gelmi\u015ftir; \u015fimdilerde \u201cetnisite\u201d sat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Yak\u0131n bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fte baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u201csol\u201d baz\u0131lar\u0131 da \u201csa\u011f\u201d cenahta yer al\u0131rken T\u00fcrkiye’deki resm\u00ee ideoloji ve resm\u00ee tarih tezlerinin etkisinde\u00a0 \u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve dilsel\u201d aidiyetlerinin fark\u0131na varamayan ve birbirleriyle de vuru\u015fan ayn\u0131 \u201cetnik grubun baz\u0131 ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n\u201d bile g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00adde omuz omuza mikro-milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fe soyunmalar\u0131 tehlikeli sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7abilecek bir geli\u015fme olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda durmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u201cyorgun demokrat\u201d veya onlar\u0131n \u201c\u00e7\u00f6mezi\u201d h\u00fcviyet\u00adli \u201cpost-modern\u201d mikro-milliyet\u00e7iler, \u201cdayat\u0131lan alanda dayat\u0131lan kavramlarla etnisite bezirg\u00e2nl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d yapmaktad\u0131r. Resm\u00ee ideolojinin bast\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimliklere aidiyet duyan bu insanlar, kendilerini yok sayan anlay\u0131\u015fa duyduklar\u0131 kini, ayn\u0131 resm\u00ee ideolojinin yok sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ba\u015f\u00adka kimli\u011fe y\u00f6nelerek \u00e7\u0131karmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. Hem de resm\u00ee ide\u00adolojinin kendilerine bu alanda sundu\u011fu engin tecr\u00fcbeyle! Bu mikro-milliyet\u00e7iler, e\u011fer ba\u015fka co\u011frafyalarda aidiyet duyduklar\u0131 milliyetin bir de \u201cdevleti\u201d varsa daha da pervas\u0131zca hareket edebilmekteler. Gi\u00addip hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n bundan sonraki kalan k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 \u201cvatanlar\u0131nda\u201d ta\u00admamlamay\u0131 g\u00f6ze alacak cesaretleri nedense hi\u00e7 bulunmayan bu \u201cpost-modern d\u00f6nem\u201d mikro-milliyet\u00e7iler, halklar\u0131 birbirlerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00adman etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak tehlikeli oyunlar oynamaktalar.<\/p>\n

\u201cEtnisite\u201d, \u00a0resm\u00ee ideoloji yok say\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile mikro-milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fin \u015fovenizmi aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cEtnisite\u201d k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6zellikli ol\u00admakla beraber politik bir konudur. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da \u00fclkenin somut ger\u00ad\u00e7ekli\u011finden hareketle politikalar \u00fcretecek politik irade ve kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu kitapta yer alan makaleler, Kafkasya ve T\u00fcrkiye’de ya\u015fayan \u201cKafkasya K\u00fclt\u00fcr k\u00f6kenli\u201d \u201cetnik gruplarla\u201d ilgili olup tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131 daha \u00f6nce \u201cTarih ve Toplum,\u201d \u201cYeni Kafkasya\u201d ve \u201cSorun Po\u00adlemik\u201d adl\u0131 periyodiklerde yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilen ve gerek\u00adti\u011finde ara ba\u015fl\u0131klar konulan bu makaleler, kendi aralar\u0131nda bir de\u00advaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Makalelerin bir arada yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131 teklif eden ve yap\u0131c\u0131 ele\u015f\u00adtirileriyle bu kitaba katk\u0131da bulunan \u201cSorun Kolektifi\u201dne \u015f\u00fckranlar\u0131\u00adm\u0131 sunar\u0131m. (27. VII. 2003)<\/p>\n

+<\/p>\n

[\u00d6nerilen okumalar<\/strong>: Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cLazlar, \u00c7erkezler ve K\u00fcrtler\u2026\u201d, 1995\/ circassiancenter.com.tr; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cPontos K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u201dne Dipnot\u201d, Kafkasya Yaz\u0131lar\u0131, Say\u0131 7, Sonbahar, \u00c7iviyaz\u0131lar\u0131 Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul,\u00a0 1999; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cBilin\u00e7li Olarak Geciktirilmi\u015f Bir De\u011finme\u201d, Tarih ve Toplum Dergisi\u201d, Say\u0131 161, May\u0131s 1997, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\/ circassiancenter.com.tr; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cYetersiz Bir Laz K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc Ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131\u201d Kafkasya Yaz\u0131lar\u0131, Say\u0131 6, \u00c7iviyaz\u0131lar\u0131 Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul, 1999\/ circassiancenter.com.tr; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cDemagoji uzmanlar\u0131!\u201d, 05. VI. 2002\/ circassiancenter.com.tr; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cResm\u00ee Tarih Resm\u00ee Tarihe Kar\u015f\u0131: \u201cHem\u015fin Gizemi\u201d, Sorun Polemik Marksist \u0130nceleme- Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Dergisi, Say\u0131 4, G\u00fcz 2002, Sorun Yay\u0131nlar\u0131\/ circassiancenter.com.tr; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cNational Geographic\u201din Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019i\u201d, Sorun Polemik Marksist \u0130nceleme- Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Dergisi, Say\u0131 6, Bahar 2003\/ circassiancenter.com.tr; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cBir Resm\u00ee Tarih Denemesi: Abhazya Tarihi\u201d, Sorun Polemik Marksist \u0130nceleme- Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Dergisi, Say\u0131 7, Yaz 2003\/ circassiancenter.com.tr; Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cDo\u011fu Karadeniz’de Resmi \u0130deolojiler Ku\u015fatmas\u0131\/ \u0130kinci Bask\u0131ya Sunu\u015f\u201d, circassiancenter.com.tr, 26. III. 2010]<\/p>\n

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[Kaynak<\/strong>: Ali \u0130hsan Aksamaz, \u201cDo\u011fu Karadeniz’de Resmi \u0130deolojiler Ku\u015fatmas\u0131\/ Birinci Bask\u0131ya Sunu\u015f\u201d, Sorun Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 27. VII. 2003]<\/p>\n

Kitab\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131<\/strong>:<\/p>\n