{"id":47586,"date":"2025-07-23T01:23:26","date_gmt":"2025-07-23T06:23:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=47586"},"modified":"2025-07-23T17:15:23","modified_gmt":"2025-07-23T22:15:23","slug":"gunumuze-ulasmis-tarihi-sarkilarimiz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/gunumuze-ulasmis-tarihi-sarkilarimiz\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00dcN\u00dcM\u00dcZE ULA\u015eMI\u015e TAR\u0130H\u0130 \u015eARKILARIMIZ"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

AN\u00c7OKO \u0130rin<\/strong>
\nAd\u0131ge Mak, 9 Ekim 2024<\/p>\n

Toplumumuzun s\u00f6zl\u00fc yarat\u0131c\u0131 gelene\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de i\u015flevini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Daha yerinde bir ifadeyle, toplum yeniden s\u00f6zl\u00fc gelene\u011fe y\u00f6nelmektedir. Bu geli\u015fmeyi, folklora ilgi duyan ve bu alanda ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren az say\u0131daki bireylere bor\u00e7luyuz. Bu isimlerden biri de, halk aras\u0131nda “K\u0131zbe\u00e7” olarak da bilinen NEGEREKO Kazbek\u2019tir.<\/p>\n

Kazbek, \u015f\u0131kep\u015f\u0131ne (kemen\u00e7e, kemane) ve kamil (fl\u00fct) gibi geleneksel m\u00fczik enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131 icra etmekte, eski Ad\u0131ge ezgilerini seslendirmektedir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda Ad\u0131ge Cumhuriyeti Sosyal Bilimler Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde filoloji asistan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev yapan gen\u00e7 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131d\u0131r. Ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n gen\u00e7 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, neredeyse t\u00fcm tarih\u00ee Ad\u0131ge ezgilerine ve anlat\u0131lar\u0131na h\u00e2kim oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir. Folklorla ilgilenenlerin izini dikkatle s\u00fcren Kazbek, en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir bulguyu dahi de\u011ferlendirmeye alarak derinlemesine ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara y\u00f6nelmektedir. Bu \u00e7abalar\u0131 onu, \u0130ngiltere ve Fransa ulusal k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerine kadar ula\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131ge Mak:<\/strong> Kazbek, edindi\u011fimiz bilgilere g\u00f6re, 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Fransa ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019den gelen ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n Yermelhable (Armavir) b\u00f6lgesinden derlemi\u015f olduklar\u0131 eski Ad\u0131ge ezgilerine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f bulunuyorsunuz. Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelmenize sebep olan etken nedir?<\/p>\n

Kazbek:<\/strong> Bu s\u00fcrecin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131, \u201cJ\u0131v\u201d (\u0416\u044a\u044by) adl\u0131 m\u00fczik toplulu\u011fuyla ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fum d\u00f6neme dayanmaktad\u0131r. Zaman zaman topluluk i\u00e7inde j\u0131valara (nakarat) e\u015flik etti\u011fim olmu\u015fsa da, solo icrada bulunmad\u0131m. Kendi ba\u015f\u0131ma ezgiler seslendirme arzusundayd\u0131m. Birinci ve \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015flar\u0131na kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerden sava\u015f temal\u0131 ezgiler derlendi\u011fini V\u0131nereko Ray ve di\u011fer kaynaklardan \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftim. Bu t\u00fcr eserler dikkatimi \u00e7ekti ve i\u00e7eriklerini merak etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131m. Bu do\u011frultuda uluslararas\u0131 dijital kaynaklarda ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fcm. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u201cGo\u015fe\u011fe\u011f\u201d (\u0413\u043e\u0449\u044d\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0433\u044a) adl\u0131 ezgiyi \u0130ngilizce karakterlerle aratt\u0131m ve bu beni Fransa Ulusal K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019nin \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i ar\u015fivine y\u00f6nlendirdi. Y\u0131l 2009\u2019du.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131ge Mak:<\/strong> Bu ezgileri kimler seslendirmi\u015fti? Ka\u00e7 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fuyorlard\u0131?<\/p>\n

Kazbek:<\/strong> Bu sorularla ilgili olarak Fransa\u2019ya bir yaz\u0131 ile ba\u015fvurdum, ancak detayl\u0131 bir yan\u0131t alamad\u0131m. \u201c\u00c7erkes Korosu\u201d ifadesiyle yetinmi\u015flerdi; icrac\u0131lar\u0131n isimleri belirtilmemekteydi. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, Londra Ulusal K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019nde bulunan kay\u0131tlar A. Sokolova taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve icrac\u0131lar\u0131n ad ve soyadlar\u0131na yer verilmekteydi. Bu ki\u015filer, geguako ad\u0131 verilen topluluklar, arkada\u015f \u00e7evreleri ya da ha\u00e7e\u015flerde (konuk odalar\u0131nda) \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen bireylerden olu\u015fmaktayd\u0131. Adeta bir m\u00fczik ve dans toplulu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc arz etmekteydiler. \u0130lgin\u00e7 olan, bu ki\u015filerin tamam\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fcz C\u0131rak\u0131ye\u2019den olmas\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130crac\u0131lar aras\u0131nda Neg\u0131ye \u0130lyas, Bidan\u0131ko \u015ealih ve Ha\u011fev\u0131\u00e7 M\u0131hamet gibi isimler yer al\u0131yordu. \u00dcnl\u00fc p\u015f\u0131nave Ha\u011fev\u0131\u00e7 M\u0131hamet\u2019e, p\u0125e\u0107\u0131k (\u015fak\u015fak, tahta vurmal\u0131 \u00e7alg\u0131) \u00e7alan Baykule Abas e\u015flik etmekteydi. \u0130ki ayr\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131mda, bu ki\u015filerin ayn\u0131 toplulu\u011fa ait olduklar\u0131 izlenimini edindim; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00f6yledikleri ezgiler b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyordu. Ezgiler farkl\u0131 ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan seslendirilmi\u015f olsa da, repertuvar ve tarz birli\u011fi bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc desteklemektedir.<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131ge Mak:<\/strong> Frans\u0131z Ulusal K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi ar\u015fivinden ka\u00e7 ezgiye ula\u015ft\u0131n\u0131z?<\/p>\n

Kazbek:<\/strong> Toplam 32 ezgiye ula\u015ft\u0131m. Bunlar\u0131n 22\u2019si K\u2019axe (Ad\u0131gey) dilinde, 10\u2019u ise Kabartay dilinde icra edilmi\u015fti. Bu ezgilerden sekizi \u00e7ift dilliydi. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u201cHatx M\u0131hamet \u011fuaze\u201d adl\u0131 ezgi iki b\u00f6l\u00fcmden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r; bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yaln\u0131zca tek dilli \u00f6rnekler de bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Mevcut bulgulara g\u00f6re, 1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cPathe\u201d adl\u0131 topluluk taraf\u0131ndan Theobald Noble\u2019in ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan bir saha ara\u015ft\u0131rma ekibi Yermelhable b\u00f6lgesine gelmi\u015f ve burada Kafkasya genelinden 344 ezgi derlenerek kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ezgiler benim i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a ilgi \u00e7ekiciydi; tekrar tekrar dinledim, notaya ald\u0131m ve di\u011fer el yazmas\u0131 derlemelerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131m. Ancak bu kay\u0131tlar\u0131n hi\u00e7birinin, mevcut yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6rneklerle birebir \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmedi\u011fini fark ettim. Sadece birka\u00e7 m\u0131srada \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fme g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken, genel olarak i\u00e7eriklerin farkl\u0131l\u0131k arz etti\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu da detayl\u0131 bir filolojik ve m\u00fczikolojik incelemeyi gerekli k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u201cKabartaylar\u0131n Gece Bask\u0131n\u0131\u201d (\u041a\u044a\u044d\u0431\u044d\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0445\u044d\u043c \u044f\u0447\u044d\u0449\u0442\u0435\u043e) adl\u0131 ezgi mevcut varyantlardan farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131ge Mak:<\/strong> \u201c\u00c7e\u015ftave\u201d (Gece Bask\u0131n\u0131) b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tarihsel olayd\u0131r. Yedi ay s\u00fcren sava\u015fta \u00e7ok say\u0131da can kayb\u0131 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu olaya ili\u015fkin \u00e7e\u015fitli varyantlar mevcuttur. Ben d\u00f6rt varyant\u0131 inceledim. Bunlar\u0131n her biri ortalama 2,5 dakika uzunlu\u011funda. D\u00f6rt tanesi ise on dakikal\u0131k kay\u0131tlar h\u00e2lindedir. Bu ezgilerden bir\u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 bilgiye ula\u015ft\u0131k. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u201cBolet\u0131kolar\u0131n \u015eark\u0131s\u0131\u201d (\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044d\u0442\u044b\u043a\u044a\u043e\u0445\u044d\u043c \u044f\u043e\u0440\u044d\u0434) ile \u201cAytek\u0131ko \u015eumafep\u015f\u2019in \u015eark\u0131s\u0131\u201d (\u0410\u0439\u0442\u044d\u0447\u044b\u043a\u044a\u043e \u0428\u0443\u043c\u044d\u0444\u044d\u043f\u0449 \u0438\u043f\u0449\u044b\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044a\u044d) gibi eserler T\u0131\u011fuj\u0131ko K\u0131zbe\u00e7\u2019in icralar\u0131n\u0131 and\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca Tem\u0131rkape\u2019nin (Demirkap\u0131) fethi \u00fczerine bestelenmi\u015f bir ezginin notas\u0131 da mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

Ar\u015fivimizdeki belgeler el yazmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bahsi ge\u00e7en ezgi, Hazar Denizi k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki Demirkap\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Ad\u0131gelerce ele ge\u00e7irilmesini anlatmaktad\u0131r. Bu ezgi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla, topluluk i\u00e7erisinde en ya\u015fl\u0131 birey belirlenmekteydi. En dikkat \u00e7ekici bulgulardan biri de \u201cKarbe\u00e7\u2019in A\u011f\u0131d\u0131\u201d (Karbe\u00e7\u0131p\u015f) adl\u0131 kahramanl\u0131k ezgisidir. Bu eser Karden\u011fu\u00e7 Zeramuk taraf\u0131ndan seslendirilmi\u015ftir. Ezgide, Kabardey \u00fclkesinde yi\u011fitlik temas\u0131n\u0131 en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015fekilde i\u015fleyen \u015fark\u0131n\u0131n \u201cKarbe\u00e7 Ezgisi\u201d oldu\u011fu vurgulanmaktad\u0131r. Bolet\u0131ko Karbe\u00e7 olduk\u00e7a sert bir karaktere sahipti ve d\u00fc\u015fmanlar\u0131 onu do\u011frudan alt edememekteydi. Pusu kurularak a\u011f\u0131r \u015fekilde yaraland\u0131. Yerel bir tedavi y\u00f6ntemi olan \u0107ap\u015fe uyguland\u0131; ancak kurtar\u0131lamad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u015eark\u0131n\u0131n dramatik doruk noktas\u0131, baba ile o\u011fulun son bulu\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r. Babaya, \u201cO\u011flunuzun durumu a\u011f\u0131r, fazla zaman\u0131 kalmad\u0131. \u0130\u00e7eri girip onu son bir kez g\u00f6r\u00fcn,\u201d denildi. Bu haber Karbe\u00e7\u2019e iletildi\u011finde, \u201cBen yatakta yatar durumda babam\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak istemem. Tavan kiri\u015fine bir ip ge\u00e7irin, bir ucunu da elime verin,\u201d dedi. \u0130pe tutunarak aya\u011fa kalkt\u0131 ve babas\u0131n\u0131 ayakta kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131. Durumu anlayan baba k\u0131sa konu\u015ftu: \u201cAh evlat, bu ya\u015fta ecelin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek istedi. Aksi takdirde yi\u011fit bir adam olacakt\u0131,\u201d dedi ve odadan ayr\u0131ld\u0131. Ard\u0131ndan Karbe\u00e7 yere y\u0131\u011f\u0131larak ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi. Bu ezgi, bildi\u011fimiz klasik makamlardan olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Katmanl\u0131 bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir; adeta birbirine ge\u00e7mi\u015f bir yumak gibidir.<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131ge Mak:<\/strong> Siz de bu ezgiyi seslendiriyor musunuz?<\/p>\n

Kazbek:<\/strong> Evet, ancak j\u0131v (nakarat) e\u015fli\u011fi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ezgi yeterince anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131yor. Frans\u0131z ar\u015fivinde bu t\u00fcrden ba\u015fka \u00f6rnekler de buldum. \u015eunu da belirtmek gerekir ki, bu makamlar icra edilirken herhangi bir \u00e7alg\u0131 aleti kullan\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. Ezgi yap\u0131lar\u0131, a\u011f\u0131z m\u0131z\u0131kas\u0131 (\u0416\u044d\u043f\u0449\u044b\u043d\u044d) ile icra edilmekte, e\u015flik ise \u00e7ok sesli nakaratlar ve ritmik el vuru\u015flar\u0131 (I\u044d\u0433\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043e) ile sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. \u015eark\u0131n\u0131n estetik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in, i\u00e7eri\u011fini de kavramak gerekmektedir. Ezgilerin s\u00f6zl\u00fc metinlerini yaz\u0131ya ge\u00e7irdi\u011fimizde, anlam katmanlar\u0131 daha a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131ge Mak:<\/strong> Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 ne zaman tamamlamay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/p>\n

Kazbek:<\/strong> K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde tamamlamay\u0131 \u00fcmit ediyorum.<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131ge Mak:<\/strong> O h\u00e2lde biz de sab\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131kla bekliyor olaca\u011f\u0131z. Te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederiz, Kazbek.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ANÇOKO İrin Adıge Mak, 9 Ekim 2024 Toplumumuzun sözlü yaratıcı geleneği günümüzde de işlevini sürdürmektedir. Daha yerinde bir ifadeyle, toplum yeniden sözlü geleneğe yönelmektedir. Bu gelişmeyi, folklora ilgi duyan ve bu alanda araştırmalar gerçekleştiren az sayıdaki bireylere borçluyuz. Bu isimlerden biri de, halk arasında “Kızbeç” olarak da bilinen NEGEREKO Kazbek’tir. 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