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Cemal O\u011flu Bijo Boris<\/strong><\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn, se\u00e7kin Ad\u0131ge e\u011fitimci \u00d6mer Bersey hakk\u0131nda yaz\u0131lan bir kitab\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131na adanm\u0131\u015f etkinli\u011fe kat\u0131lmaktan memnuniyet duyuyorum.<\/p>\n Umar Bersey’nin ad\u0131, Ad\u0131ge edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00f6tesinin tarihiyle ayr\u0131lmaz bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r; onun ad\u0131 olmadan hem tarihimiz hem de k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz eksik kal\u0131rd\u0131. ABC kitab\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131n Ad\u0131ge edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n bir kutlamas\u0131 haline gelmesi de olduk\u00e7a yerindedir. Bu etkinli\u011fin her y\u0131l daha fazla ilgi g\u00f6rmesi ve Ad\u0131ge halk\u0131n\u0131n, nerede ya\u015farlarsa ya\u015fas\u0131nlar, ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 minnetle hat\u0131rlamas\u0131 sevindirici. Ad\u0131ge ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 alan\u0131na gelince, \u00d6mer Bersay’\u0131n hayat\u0131na ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na adanm\u0131\u015f yay\u0131nlar\u0131n listesi etkileyici; hepsini listelemek epey zaman al\u0131rd\u0131. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc etkinlik, bu konu \u00fczerine yeni bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya adanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, g\u00fcvenle s\u00f6yleyebilirim ki, en \u00f6nemli, ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilir ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan biri haline gelmi\u015ftir ve yazar\u0131, Ad\u0131ge (\u00c7erkes) milli hareketinin tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir aktivisti, b\u00fcy\u00fck harfle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir vatansever olan Meshfesh\u2019u Nejdet – Kabardtece ad\u0131yla Meshxuef\u2019 Nejdet diyece\u011fim – b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6vg\u00fcy\u00fc hak etmektedir.<\/p>\n Najdet kitap i\u00e7in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 son s\u00f6zde \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: S\u0259 s\u0131y\u0259z\u0259qu, au si\u0263\u0259\u0282\u0259 l\u02b7a\u0263u\u0259 ig\u02b7uaz\u0259r l\u02b7\u0259pk\u02bc gu\u0263\u0259 l\u02b7a\u0263\u0259r ar\u0131. (Ben doktorum ama benim k\u0131lavuzum ulusal ama\u00e7t\u0131r.) Biz b\u00f6yle ki\u015filere l\u02b7\u0259pk\u02bc\u0259ps\u0259 deriz(ulus sever): Nazdet’in b\u00f6yle biri olmas\u0131, Ad\u0131\u011feler i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 di\u011fer \u00f6nemli i\u015flerle birlikte, bug\u00fcn tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan kitab\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Yazar\u0131n kendisi bu yay\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcren yolu ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak anlat\u0131yor, daha iyi s\u00f6yleyemezsiniz. Onun i\u00e7in yol g\u00f6sterici bir y\u0131ld\u0131z olan bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye ad\u0131n\u0131 verece\u011fim – Ad\u0131gebze, Adyge’lerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir temeldir. Ayn\u0131 fikirin Umar Bersey’i ilk Ad\u0131ge rehberini derlemesine ve bu dili bir e\u011fitim kurumunda \u00f6\u011fretmeye y\u00f6neltti\u011finden eminim.<\/p>\n \u00c7erkesya’n\u0131n kolonizat\u00f6rlerinin halk\u0131n\u0131 ayd\u0131nlatmakla ilgilendi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyorum, hele ki kendi dillerinde e\u011fitim vermek gibi bir niyetleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kesin, ama di\u011fer yandan, Rusya’da ilerici insanlar da vard\u0131 ve onlar\u0131n deste\u011fiyle, Stavropol lisesinde Umar, Adige liselilerini kendi dillerinde e\u011fitme program\u0131n\u0131 uygulayabildi. Bersey’in ilk biyograflar\u0131ndan biri olan Daut Ashhamaf’a g\u00f6re, Umar’\u0131n faaliyetleri sadece Bat\u0131 Adige temelli alfabenizle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildi. . O, Kafkasbilimci Petr Uslar ve \u00fcnl\u00fc Kabardey e\u011fitimci Kazi Atazukin ile birlikte Do\u011fu Adigeleri \u2013 Kabardeyler i\u00e7in de alfabe haz\u0131rlad\u0131, ayr\u0131ca birka\u00e7 Rus\u00e7a yay\u0131n\u0131 kendi diline \u00e7evirdi. Kazi Atazukin, Berseyev’in \u0130lk Alfabe Kitab\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle dedi: \u00abBerseyev\u2019in Alfabe Kitab\u0131 m\u00fckemmel haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f, her a\u00e7\u0131dan dilin gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor\u00bb.<\/p>\n Bu ger\u00e7eklerin \u00fczerinde bo\u015funa durmuyorum: \u015e\u00fcphesiz Berse’nin en \u00f6nemli eseri olan Alfabe ile birlikte, gelecekte buna da daha fazla dikkat etmek gerekir.<\/p>\n Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 kitab\u0131na geri d\u00f6nersek, daha \u00f6nce belirtti\u011fim gibi, bu g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmedi; Nejdet sayg\u0131yla, eserinin analizine ve y\u00fcceltilmesine bir \u015fekilde katk\u0131da bulunan herkesin ad\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131yor. A\u00e7\u0131k ki, \u00f6nceki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 titizlikle incelemi\u015f ve bu konuyu ele al\u0131rken onlar\u0131n \u00fczerine dayanan, ama ayn\u0131 zamanda bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6nden farkl\u0131 kendi yakla\u015f\u0131m sistemini geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Hemen itiraf edeyim ki, Meshxuef\u2019’in aksine, Bersey’i, Harfler Kitab\u0131’n\u0131n yazar\u0131 olarak, sadece Hatali Urusov \u00fczerinden tan\u0131yordum, bu y\u00fczden yeniliklerini t\u00fcm ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla de\u011ferlendirebilmem pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Sadece tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan kitaptan bana etki edenleri ifade edece\u011fim.<\/p>\n Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, derler ya, insan\u0131 k\u0131yafetine g\u00f6re kar\u015f\u0131lar, akl\u0131na g\u00f6re u\u011furlarlar. Bu durumda k\u0131yafet, yay\u0131mlanan eserin yay\u0131nevi ve matbaa a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sunumu anlam\u0131na geliyor. Kitapta de\u015fifre edilmesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Bersey’in kendi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse birebir yeniden verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131ndan memnuniyet duyuyorum. Ayr\u0131ca g\u00fczel bir kapak, renkli ill\u00fcstrasyonlar, kaliteli ka\u011f\u0131t \u2013 Nejdet kitab\u0131n, adam\u0131na lay\u0131k bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesi i\u00e7in her \u015feyi yapm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n Orijinalin kopyas\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemenin yan-yana yer almas\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 buluyorum \u2013 merakl\u0131 biri bunun sayesinde Bersey\u00a0 yaz\u0131 sistemini anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n M\u0259\u015fxuef hakl\u0131 olarak transkripsiyona ba\u015fvuruyor, yani Alfabe’de yaz\u0131lana m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca yakla\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Transkripsiyonlu metinlerde, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz dilinde ses a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan biraz farkl\u0131 telaffuz edilen veya tamamen dilde kaybolmu\u015f olan kelimeler kal\u0131n yaz\u0131 ile vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dilin geli\u015fim tarihini merak edenler i\u00e7in bu ek, bir yard\u0131mc\u0131 materyaldir.<\/p>\n Transkripsiyonun dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 prensipleri ayr\u0131 bir makalede s\u0131ral\u0131yor, bunlar tamamen mant\u0131kl\u0131 ve akla uygun; bana g\u00f6re okuyucuda herhangi bir zorluk yaratm\u0131yor: kolay ve h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011freniliyor. Yazar bir ad\u0131m daha at\u0131yor: Berseyev metinlerinde ge\u00e7en t\u00fcm kelimelerin listesini s\u00f6zl\u00fck bi\u00e7iminde veriyor ve burada de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011fram\u0131\u015f kelimelere modern bi\u00e7imlerini veya e\u011fer art\u0131k arkaik hale gelmi\u015flerse yerine ge\u00e7ecek kelimeleri ekliyor.<\/p>\n Transkripsiyon b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olduk\u00e7a kapsaml\u0131, burada yazar yaz\u0131 sistemimizin bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6n\u00fcne de\u011finiyor. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc etkinli\u011fin ana temas\u0131 Umar Bersey’in Alfabe Kitab\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, yaln\u0131zca Bersey alfabesiyle ilgili k\u0131sm\u0131na de\u011finece\u011fim. Daha \u00f6nce de bu konu hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u015fey s\u00f6ylenmi\u015fti, buna ra\u011fmen Meshxuef\u2019 burada da katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabildi; bunun nedeni, Bersey’in dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Do\u011fu \u00fclkelerinin yaz\u0131 sistemlerini daha derinlemesine bilmesiydi. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, Nejdet, Umar Bersey’in Adige diline baz\u0131 ‘yabanc\u0131’ i\u015faretleri uyarlarken izledi\u011fi mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 kavrayabilmi\u015f; yazar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131mlar\u0131 beni bu konuda ikna etti.<\/p>\n Bir sonraki a\u015famada Meshhu\u00e9f, Umar Bersey taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan Ad\u0131\u011fe dili derslerinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131 analiz ediyor. Bilindi\u011fi gibi Bersey kendi zaman\u0131na g\u00f6re iyi bir e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, ancak Stavropol Gimnazyumu \u00f6ncesinde \u00f6\u011fretmenlik, hele ki Ad\u0131\u011fe dili \u00f6\u011fretimi deneyimi var m\u0131yd\u0131? Muhtemelen hay\u0131r. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re bu konuda bir \u00f6nc\u00fcyd\u00fc. Elbette di\u011fer milletlerin, yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir dil sahibi olanlar\u0131n \u2013 Ruslar, Araplar, T\u00fcrkler, Frans\u0131zlar gibi \u2013 nas\u0131l yapt\u0131klar\u0131na bak\u0131yordu. Ama onlar\u0131n deneyimi sayesinde kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fu problemi \u00e7\u00f6zmek pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6z\u00fckm\u00fcyordu. O d\u00f6nemde var olan durumu ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Umar Najdet\u2019in a\u015fmak zorunda oldu\u011fu zorluklar\u0131 anlayarak, detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde, ad\u0131m ad\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Elbette, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz pedagojisi ve Adige \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ele\u015ftirebilece\u011fimiz noktalar bulunabilir, bu \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil; ancak \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olan, bug\u00fcn bile Umar Berse’nin eserlerinden \u00f6rnek al\u0131nacak, taklit edilecek \u015feylerin bulunmas\u0131! Bu, onun ne kadar yetenekli ve s\u0131rad\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir insan oldu\u011funun kan\u0131t\u0131 de\u011fil midir! \u0130\u015fte Nacdet Me\u015fhu\u00e9f’in okuyucuya aktarmak istedi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce budur \u2013 t\u00fcm kitap boyunca bu ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc insanla gurur duydu\u011funu hissedersiniz.<\/p>\n Bu iki ki\u015fiyi \u00f6zellikle birbirine yakla\u015ft\u0131ran, mecazi anlamda onlar\u0131 akraba k\u0131lan \u015fey, XIX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131nda Bersey’in, me\u011fer Adige dilinde s\u00f6zde ikili sesleri (diftonglar\u0131) fark etti\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fiydi; bu ikili seslerin \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc Ne\u0436det y\u0131llarca bize anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ve bu, Bersee’in tek bulu\u015fu de\u011fil \u2013 t\u00fcm ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan kitapta sonu\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde bahsediliyor. Ne\u0436det burada \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcyle yaz\u0131yor ki, e\u011fer biz onun t\u00fcm bulu\u015flar\u0131na dikkatle e\u011filseydik, yaz\u0131m\u0131zdaki sorunlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok daha az olacakt\u0131. Ne\u0436det\u2019in kitab\u0131n\u0131n, hepimizin Umar Bersei ve di\u011fer ayd\u0131nlat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n eserlerine daha dikkatle yakla\u015fmam\u0131za yol a\u00e7mas\u0131n\u0131 umuyorum. San\u0131r\u0131m, hatta eminim ki, Nejdet M\u044dshxuef\u2019 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda as\u0131l hedef olarak bunu belirlemi\u015ftir. Kendisine \u00e7ok te\u015fekk\u00fcrler! T\u0445\u044c\u044d\u043c \u0443i\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f\u0441\u044d\u0443, \u041d\u044d\u0436\u0434\u044d\u0442!<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u0411\u0438\u0436\u043e\u0435\u0432 \u0411.\u0427.<\/em><\/p>\n \u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u0433 \u0432 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/p>\n (\u0420\u0435\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0443 \u041d. \u041c\u0435\u0448\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0430)<\/em><\/p>\n \u041c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u043e \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0423\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0435 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u0439.<\/p>\n \u0418\u043c\u044f \u0423\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0442\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u2013 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u0412\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0411\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f. \u041e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044e, \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0438, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0423\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 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\u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e (\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e) \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0442 \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u044b \u041c\u0435\u0448\u0432\u0435\u0437 \u041d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u2013 \u044f \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e-\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u2013 \u041c\u044d\u0448\u0445\u0443\u044d\u0444I \u041d\u044d\u0436\u0434\u044d\u0442 \u2013 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044b.<\/p>\n \u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435 \u041d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442: \u0421\u044d \u0441\u044bI\u044d\u0437\u0430\u043aI\u0443, \u0430\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0448I\u044d \u043b\u044a\u0430\u0433\u044a\u0443\u044d \u0438\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0437\u044d\u0440 \u043b\u044a\u044d\u043f\u043a\u044a \u0433\u0443\u0433\u044a\u044d \u043b\u044a\u0430\u0433\u044d\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u044b. \u041f\u0440\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043b\u044a\u044d\u043f\u043a\u044a\u044b\u043f\u0441\u044d: \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u041d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0432, \u043a \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0448\u044c. \u041d\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u2013 \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d\u0431\u0437\u044d \u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0432. \u0423\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0423\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u044f \u043a \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0438 \u043a \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n \u041d\u0435 \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0427\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 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\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0443. \u041f\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0432 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u044f \u2013 \u0414\u0430\u0443\u0442\u0430 \u0410\u0448\u0445\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0444\u0430, \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0423\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435. \u041e\u043d \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0423\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0410\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0443\u043a\u0438\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b \u0430\u043b\u0444\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u2013 \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u0410\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0443\u043a\u0438\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043e \u0411\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0435 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u044f: \u00ab\u0410\u0437\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u00bb.<\/p>\n \u042f \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0440\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445: \u043d\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0441 \u0411\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e \u0431\u044b \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c.<\/p>\n \u0412\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043a \u0411\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b, \u043e\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u041d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0443 \u043a \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u041f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0442\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043b \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u044b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043a \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e-\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c. \u042f \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u041c\u044d\u0448\u0445\u0443\u044d\u0444I, \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f, \u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0425\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0423\u0440\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043d\u044e\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438.<\/p>\n \u0412\u043e-\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u0443. \u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041c\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u044f, \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043a\u0430, \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u2013 \u041d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n \u0421\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u2013 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u044f.<\/p>\n \u041e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e \u041c\u044d\u0448\u0445\u0443\u044d\u0444I \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0442.\u0435. \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0411\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0435.<\/p>\n \u0412 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0436\u0438\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e-\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0437\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b.<\/p>\n \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b \u0438, \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434, \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f: \u0438\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0448\u044c. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0448\u0430\u0433: \u043e\u043d \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043e\u043d \u043a \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0430\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b \u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d, \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u2013 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0411\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c \u0423\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u044f, \u044f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431 \u0430\u043b\u0444\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u044f. \u041e \u043d\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u041c\u044d\u0448\u0445\u0443\u044d\u0444I\u0443 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043b\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0443, \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f. \u041c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u041d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043b \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0443 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0423\u043c\u0430\u0440 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043a \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u00ab\u0447\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435\u00bb \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u2013 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c \u041c\u044d\u0448\u0445\u0443\u044d\u0444I \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0423\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u0435\u043c. \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0443? \u0421\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e 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\u041d\u044d\u0436\u0434\u044d\u0442!<\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Cemal Oğlu Bijo Boris Bugün, seçkin Adıge eğitimci Ömer Bersey hakkında yazılan bir kitabın tanıtımına adanmış etkinliğe katılmaktan memnuniyet duyuyorum. Umar Bersey’nin adı, Adıge edebiyatının ve ötesinin tarihiyle ayrılmaz bir şekilde bağlantılıdır; onun adı olmadan hem tarihimiz hem de kültürümüz eksik kalırdı. ABC kitabının yayınlanmasının Adıge edebiyatının bir kutlaması haline gelmesi de oldukça yerindedir. Bu 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<\/p>\n