{"id":5378,"date":"2020-03-03T16:57:36","date_gmt":"2020-03-03T22:57:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=5378"},"modified":"2021-03-17T15:52:35","modified_gmt":"2021-03-17T20:52:35","slug":"elbrus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/elbrus\/","title":{"rendered":"ELBRUS"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Metin S\u00f6zen<\/p>\n

Konum: <\/b>Avrasya, Rusya
\nKoordinat:<\/b> 43\u00b0 21 18K, 42\u00b0 26 21D
\nS\u0131rada\u011f:<\/b> Kafkas Da\u011flar\u0131
\nY\u00fckseklik: <\/b>5.642 Metre
\nT\u00fcr: <\/b>Stratovolkan(S\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f)
\n\u0130lk \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f- Do\u011fu zirvesi: <\/b>1829 Killar Kashirow;
\n\u0130lk \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f- Bat\u0131 zirvesi:<\/b> 1874 Frederick Gardiner, Florence Crauford Grove, Horace Walker, Peter Knubel Elbrus, 5 bin 642 m y\u00fckseklikle Kafkaslar\u0131n ve Rusya’n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek da\u011f\u0131. Elbrus, \u015fu s\u0131ralar faal olmayan, yo\u011fun olarak buzullarla kapl\u0131, \u00e7ift zirveli bir volkand\u0131r. \u0130ki zirve aras\u0131ndaki mesafe bin 500 metredir. Zirve noktas\u0131 g\u00fcney krater kenar\u0131nda bulunur. 70’ten fazla buzul, Elbrus’dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya, vadiye akar. Toplam 145 km\u00b2 buzla \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Araplar Orta \u00c7a\u011f’da, Djebel-al-alsina “Dillerin Da\u011f\u0131” diye adland\u0131r\u0131rlard\u0131. Elbrus, “Ruhlar\u0131n Kral\u0131”, “Tanr\u0131lar\u0131n Taht\u0131”, “Mutlular\u0131n Yeri ” ve “Kutsal Y\u00fckseklik” diye de adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. E\u011fer Kafkaslar Avrupa’n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olarak kabul edilirse, Elbrus Avrupa’n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek da\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Co\u011frafya Elbrus, Rusya’da Kafkasya Cumhuriyeti Kabardey-Balkarya’da, G\u00fcrcistan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n 11 km kuzeyinde, Tiflis’in yakla\u015f\u0131k 270 km kuzey bat\u0131s\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Avrupa’ya m\u0131 yoksa Asya’ya m\u0131 dahil edilmesi gerekti\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kimileri Kafkaslar\u0131n ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Elbrus’un dahili Avrasya s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu teorisini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerken, Kafkaslar\u0131n kuzeyi Kuma-Manych Depresyonu’nu s\u0131n\u0131r olarak tan\u0131mlayan bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f de vard\u0131r. K\u0131talar sadece tek bir karasal alan olu\u015fturdu\u011fundan, fiziksel ve co\u011frafi olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sadece tek bir Avrasya mevcut olabilir. Bu y\u00fczden, s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n nerede oldu\u011fu meselesi tam olarak a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015famaz. Tarihi ba\u011flamda s\u0131n\u0131r s\u0131k\u00e7a yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir ve bir s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n tarihi dayanaklar\u0131 olan y\u00f6nlendiricisi de mevcut de\u011fildir. Elbrus’un Avrupa veya Asya i\u00e7inde konu\u015fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, Avrupa’n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek da\u011f\u0131 meselesiyle de ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re bu unvana sahip da\u011f art\u0131k Mont Blanc olmayacakt\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, Strahlenberg’in (1676-1747) tespit etti\u011fi Asya s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 yayg\u0131n kabul g\u00f6rmektedir. Strahlenberg, ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 jeodezi g\u00f6reviyle, daha \u00f6nce kabul edilen Avrupa s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 Don Nehri’nden Ural Da\u011flar\u0131’na \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. En g\u00fcney do\u011fudaki s\u0131n\u0131r olarak Kafkaslar\u0131n kuzeyindeki Kuma-Manych Depresyonu’nu se\u00e7er. Bu anlay\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6re Elbrus Asyal\u0131d\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Elbrus, andesit- dazit stratovolkand\u0131r. Son patlamas\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k 2000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce (MS 50 y\u0131l) olmu\u015f, bir \u00e7e\u015fit volkanik kaya\u00e7 t\u00fcr\u00fc olan ignimbritler, patlamalar\u0131n k\u00fcl y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131 ve lav ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 250 km\u00b2\u2019lik bir alana yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Do\u011fu zirvesinde 250 m \u00e7ap\u0131nda yanarda\u011f krateri kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn Elbrus, zirve yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki solfatar (gaz faaliyeti) ve s\u0131cak su kayna\u011f\u0131 ile volkanik faaliyetlerin \u00e7ok zay\u0131f i\u015faretlerini g\u00f6sterir. Masif buz takkesinin h\u0131zla erimesi ve yeniden bir faaliyet art\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olu\u015fan lahardan (yanarda\u011f yamac\u0131ndan akan \u00e7amurlu ak\u0131nt\u0131), Elbrus ve \u00e7evresi i\u00e7in potansiyel tehlike olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tarih\u00e7e ilk t\u0131rman\u0131\u015f (Do\u011fu zirvesine ilk \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f, 22 Temmuz 1829’da Kabardeyli \u00e7oban Killar Kashirow taraf\u0131ndan, Elbrus’un ete\u011findeki Rus general Emanuel’in kamp\u0131ndan zirveye t\u0131rman\u0131\u015fla ba\u015far\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kamp, Elbrus \u00e7evresini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan bilimsel ke\u015fif gezisinin (ekspedisyon) konaklama noktas\u0131yd\u0131. Bu ke\u015fif gezisine akademisyenler Kupfer, Meyer ve Frans\u0131z Minitries dahildi. Carl Anton Meyer, Elbrus ve \u00e7evresinin ilk y\u00fckseklik verilerini elde eder. 5 bin 642 metre y\u00fckseklikteki bat\u0131 zirvesine ilk t\u0131rman\u0131\u015f ise, 28 Temmuz 1874’te \u0130ngiliz Frederick Gardiner, Florence Crauford Grove, Horace Walker ve ekspedisyonun \u0130svi\u00e7reli lideri Peter Knubel taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 t\u0131rman\u0131\u015flar:
\n\u20221868, Douglas William Freshfield
\n\u20221868, Adolphus Warburton Moore ve C. C. Tucker
\n\u20221884, M. v. Di\u00a8chy
\n\u20221888, Albert Mummery
\n\u20221891, Gottfried Merzbacher
\n\u20221890\/ 96 , A.W. Pastuchow (askeri topograf), bat\u0131- ve do\u011fu zirvesi. Elbrus-Masifi’nin ilk fiziksel haritas\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlar. 4 bin 690 metredeki bir kayal\u0131k grup bu da\u011fc\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u20221929 ilk kayak t\u0131rman\u0131\u015f\u0131, Leopoldo Gasparotto ve Hugo Tomaschek
\n\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’nda Elbrus 1. ve 2. da\u011f t\u00fcmeninin Alman da\u011f komandolar\u0131 (Gebirgsjiger), 14 A\u011fustos 1942’de 4 bin metre y\u00fckseklikteki Khotiutau ge\u00e7idini a\u015farak, s\u00fcrprize u\u011fray\u0131p sava\u015fmadan geri \u00e7ekilen Elbrus Kul\u00fcbesi personelini gafil avlarlar. Aralar\u0131nda Josef Martin Bauer’in de bulundu\u011fu Alman da\u011f komandolar\u0131n\u0131n 21 alpinisti 21 A\u011fustos 1942’de buradan yola \u00e7\u0131karak zor hava \u015fartlar\u0131 alt\u0131nda bat\u0131 zirvesine t\u0131rman\u0131r ve buraya Reich’\u0131n sava\u015f bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekerler. Bu olay NS- propagandas\u0131nca, alpinistlerin usta i\u015fi ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 olarak kutlan\u0131r. Elbrus Kul\u00fcbesi\u2019nin fethi hakk\u0131nda Sovyetlerde, kul\u00fcbenin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde bombaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde yorumlar\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 efsaneler olu\u015fur. Ancak isabet alan sadece, kul\u00fcbenin alt taraflar\u0131nda bulunan yak\u0131t deposudur. 27 Eyl\u00fcl 1942’de Elbrus’da, Alman ve Sovyet da\u011f komandolar\u0131 aras\u0131nda y\u00fcksek irtifada bir da\u011f muharebesi meydana gelir. Elbrus Kul\u00fcbesi, Ocak 1943’\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131na kadar Alman i\u015fgali alt\u0131nda kal\u0131r. Bundan k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra bat\u0131 zirvesinde yeniden Sovyet bayra\u011f\u0131 dalgalan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Da\u011f kul\u00fcbeleri 11 bilim insan\u0131, 1929’da 4 bin 160 m y\u00fckseklikte Prijut 11 (Bar\u0131nma 11) ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kul\u00fcbe kurarlar. 1932’de ayn\u0131 yerde, 40 ki\u015fi alabilen daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kul\u00fcbe in\u015fa edilir. 1939’da 4 bin 200 metrenin biraz daha \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda, Rus seyahat acentesi Intourist, d\u00f6viz sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in Elbrus’un zirvesine gidecek olan ve \u00f6zellikle bat\u0131dan gelen turistleri bar\u0131nd\u0131rmak \u00fczere al\u00fcminyum giydirmeli daha da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kul\u00fcbe kurar. Bu kul\u00fcbe k\u0131sa zamanda y\u00fcksek da\u011f k\u0131\u015flas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ve birbiri ard\u0131na Rus ve Alman birliklerine \u00fcs noktas\u0131 olarak hizmet eder. 16 A\u011fustos 1998’de ocaktan \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131nla kul\u00fcbe tamamen yanar.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

2001 yaz\u0131nda yeni Diesel Hut (Diesel Kul\u00fcbesi) Prijut 11 harabesinin bir ka\u00e7 metre alt\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. 1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda iki zirve aras\u0131ndaki belende kurulan acil durum bar\u0131na\u011f\u0131, bir ka\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra \u00e7\u00f6ker. Bu kul\u00fcbenin kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelmi\u015ftir. Bundan ba\u015fka, k\u0131sa telesiyejin sonunda, teleferi\u011fin ikinci sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda, eski f\u0131\u00e7\u0131lardan bir kul\u00fcbe k\u00fcmesi (Barrel Huts) vard\u0131r. Bunlar bug\u00fcn, bir \u00e7ok zirve tutkunu taraf\u0131ndan aklimatizasyon (iklime al\u0131\u015fma, ortama al\u0131\u015fma, iklimuyum) amac\u0131yla ve t\u0131rman\u0131\u015f i\u00e7in destek noktas\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Teleferik Elbrus- Teleferi\u011fi Elbrus’un eteklerinde, 2 bin 300 metredeki vadi istasyonu Polana Asau’dan, iki sekt\u00f6rde 3 bin 550 metre y\u00fckseklikteki bir kayak b\u00f6lgesine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. 1968 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan Elbrus-Teleferi\u011fi’nin toplam uzunlu\u011fu 3 bin 620 metredir. Bunun, Polana Asau ve Staryj Krugosor aras\u0131ndaki ilk sekt\u00f6r\u00fc bin 860 metre uzunlu\u011fa sahipken, Staryj Krugosor ile Mir aras\u0131ndaki ikinci sekt\u00f6r bin 1.760 metre uzunlu\u011fundad\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir sekt\u00f6r planlanm\u0131\u015f olup, ikinci sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn da\u011f istasyonunda in\u015fas\u0131 \u015fimdiden \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ancak bu planlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi \u015f\u00fcphesiz kestirilemez.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Metin Sözen Konum: Avrasya, Rusya Koordinat: 43° 21 18K, 42° 26 21D Sıradağ: Kafkas Dağları Yükseklik: 5.642 Metre Tür: Stratovolkan(Sönmüş) İlk çıkış- Doğu zirvesi: 1829 Killar Kashirow; İlk çıkış- Batı zirvesi: 1874 Frederick Gardiner, Florence Crauford Grove, Horace Walker, Peter Knubel Elbrus, 5 bin 642 m yükseklikle Kafkasların ve Rusya’nın en yüksek dağı. Elbrus, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5378","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kuzey-bati-kafkasya","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5378","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5378"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5378\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15832,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5378\/revisions\/15832"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5378"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5378"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5378"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}