{"id":5417,"date":"2023-12-27T01:42:41","date_gmt":"2023-12-27T07:42:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=5417"},"modified":"2023-12-27T16:31:53","modified_gmt":"2023-12-27T22:31:53","slug":"adigey-cumhuriyeti-adige-respublik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/adigey-cumhuriyeti-adige-respublik\/","title":{"rendered":"AD\u0130GEY CUMHUR\u0130YET\u0130 (ADIGE RESPUBL\u0130K)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Genel bilgiler
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019da, \u00a0Rusya Federasyonu<\/strong> (RF) <\/em> \u00fcyesi olup Adige\/\u00c7erkeslerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 cumhuriyetten (AC, K\u00c7C, KBC)<\/em> biri. Topraklar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle Krasnodar Kray s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indedir.<\/p>\n

Y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc \u00a07.792 km. kare ya da 3.009 mil kare (200 km. karelik Krasnodar Baraj G\u00f6l\u00fc ile), <\/em>n\u00fcfusu 447.109 (2002; 2009\u2019da 442,775), <\/em>ba\u015fkenti Maykop (\u041c\u044b\u0435\u043a\u044a\u0443a\u043f\u044d\/M\u0131yekuape; 2002\u2019de 156.931). <\/em>N\u00fcfusun 234.900\u2019\u00fc kentli (% 52.5), <\/em>212.209\u2019u da k\u00f6yl\u00fc (% 47.5); <\/em>\u00a0% 53.5\u2019i kad\u0131n (239.090)<\/em>, % 46.5\u2019i de erkektir (208.019).
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Etnik bile\u015fim<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n 1926<\/strong><\/td>\n 1939<\/strong><\/td>\n 1959<\/strong><\/td>\n 1970<\/strong><\/td>\n 1979<\/strong><\/td>\n 1989<\/strong><\/td>\n 2002<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Adige<\/td>\n50,821 (44. 8%)<\/td>\n55,048 (22.8%)<\/td>\n65,908 (23.2%)<\/td>\n81,478 (21.1%)<\/td>\n86,388 (21.4%)<\/td>\n95,439 (22.1%)<\/td>\n108,115 (24.2%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rus<\/td>\n29,102 (25.6%)<\/td>\n171,960 (71.1%)<\/td>\n200,492 (70.4%)<\/td>\n276,537 (71.7%)<\/td>\n285,626 (70.6%)<\/td>\n293,640 (68.0%)<\/td>\n288,280 (64.5%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ermeni<\/td>\n738 (0.7%)<\/td>\n2,348 (1.0%)<\/td>\n3,013 (1.1%)<\/td>\n5,217 (1.4%)<\/td>\n6, 359 (1.6%)<\/td>\n10,460 (2.4%)<\/td>\n15,268 (3.4%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ukraynal\u0131<\/td>\n26,405 (23.3%)<\/td>\n6,130 (2.5%)<\/td>\n7,988 (2.8%)<\/td>\n11,214 (2.9%)<\/td>\n12,078 (3.0%)<\/td>\n13,755 (3.2%)<\/td>\n9,091 (2.0%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Di\u011fer<\/td>\n6,415 (5.7%)<\/td>\n6,313 (2.6%)<\/td>\n7,289 (2.6%)<\/td>\n11,198 (2.9%)<\/td>\n13,939 (3.4%)<\/td>\n18,752 (4.3%)<\/td>\n26,355 (5.9%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u2018Di\u011fer\u2019 tan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00a03,631 K\u00fcrt (0.8%), 2,904 Tatar (0.7%) ve daha ba\u015fka k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck gruplar da bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rus n\u00fcfus azalan, 1989\u2019da 293.640 (% 68)<\/em> iken, 2002\u2019de 288.280 (% 64.5)<\/em>\u2019e d\u00fc\u015fen; Adige n\u00fcfus ise, az da olsa artan, 1989\u2019da 95.439 (% 22.1)<\/em> iken, 2002\u2019de 108.115 (% 24.2)<\/em> olan bir n\u00fcfustur. S\u00f6z konusu 13 y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nemde Adige n\u00fcfusu %13,3 artarken, Rus n\u00fcfusu ise % 1,8 oran\u0131nda azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zerkli\u011fe ge\u00e7i\u015f, Adige ve Shapsugh\/\u015eaps\u0131\u011f topluluklar\u0131na \u00f6zerklik verilmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

1922\u2019de, Kuban ve Laba \u0131rmaklar\u0131n\u0131n orta sol ovalar\u0131nda, Adigeler\u2019in ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 10-30 km geni\u015fli\u011finde ve 300 km uzunlu\u011funda, yay bi\u00e7imindeki bir \u015ferit \u00fczerinde, 27 Temmuz 1922\u2019de, Rusya merkezine\/Moskova\u2019ya do\u011frudan ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak Adige \u00d6zerk Oblast\u0131<\/strong> (A\u00d6O; il)<\/em> kuruldu. Oblast\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, ilkin 23 May\u0131s 1923\u2019te \u00e7izildi: \u0130lk kurulu\u015funda y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 2.660 km. kare, y\u00f6netim merkezi de Krasnodar<\/strong> (Yekaterinodar)<\/em> kentinde idi. Oblast\u0131n \u00f6nce \u201c\u00c7erkes (Adigey) \u00d6O\u201d olan ad\u0131, 24 A\u011fustos 1922\u2019de \u201cAdigey (\u00c7erkes) \u00d6O\u201d, 13 A\u011fustos 1928\u2019de de \u201cAdigey \u00d6O\u201d (A\u00d6O) olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. A\u00d6O\u2019n\u0131n kurulu\u015fu d\u00f6neminde Adige n\u00fcfus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu vard\u0131 . Daha sonra, toprak geni\u015flemesi sonucu Adige oran\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131: 1926\u2019da 113.481 olan genel n\u00fcfus i\u00e7inde % 44.8 Adige (50.821)<\/em>, % 25.6 Rus (29.102)<\/em>, %23.3 Ukraynal\u0131 (26.405)<\/em> ve % 0.7 Ermeni (738)<\/em> bulunuyordu.<\/p>\n

A\u00d6O, di\u011fer Kuzey Kafkas etnik y\u00f6releri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, uzakta ve en kuzeyde, 1864 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Rus dil denizi i\u00e7ine da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan Adige yerle\u015ftirme (rezervasyon) adalar\u0131n\u0131 -\u00e7o\u011funu- i\u00e7ine alan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir y\u00f6re olarak, Leninist \u2018uluslar\u0131n kaderlerini tayin hakk\u0131\u2019 ilkesi<\/strong> gere\u011fince kurulmu\u015ftu (\u015eimdiki \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e\/So\u00e7i metropoliten alan\u0131, Tuapse, Anapa ve Uspensk rayonlar\u0131 Adigeleri ise, oblast s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131)<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u201cAdigey \u00d6O<\/strong>\u201d<\/em> ile Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u201c\u015eaps\u0131\u011f Ulusal Rayonu\u201d, <\/strong> 1864 Rus d\u0131\u015f ve i\u00e7 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn uygulamalar\u0131 sonras\u0131nda olu\u015fan, tamamen izole (yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f)<\/em> olan yerlerde ya\u015fayan Adigeler ad\u0131na kurulmu\u015f bulunuyorlard\u0131 (*).
\n<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Kuban ve Laba \u0131rmaklar\u0131 solundaki bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck, ada bi\u00e7imli Adige yerle\u015ftirme alanlar\u0131nda, 1864\u2019te, \u00fcnl\u00fc Adige tarih\u00e7i ve m\u00fczecilik uzman\u0131 Dr. Almir ABREG\u2019<\/strong>e (\u0410\u0431\u0440\u044d\u0434\u0436\u0410\u043b\u043c\u0438\u0440) <\/em>g\u00f6re, 80 bin kadar Adige bulunuyordu. Bu say\u0131 ertesi y\u0131l, 1865\u2019te, ba\u015fka bir Adige tarih\u00e7isi Samir HOTKO\u2019<\/strong>ya (\u0425\u044a\u043e\u0442\u043a\u044a\u043e \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0440)<\/em> g\u00f6re de 51 bine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Shapsughya\u2019ya gelince, ilkin, 1922\u2019de, eski Karadeniz ilinin (\u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u044f) Tuapse ve \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e (So\u00e7i) rayonlar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayan bir alanda Rusya\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 \u2018Shapsugh \u00d6zerk Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti\u2019<\/strong>ne <\/em>d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Cumhuriyetin g\u00fcney s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Abhazya\u2019ya de\u011fin uzan\u0131yordu, n\u00fcfusu da 50 bin idi. Krasnodar makamlar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle Kazaklar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131 sonucu cumhuriyet, 1924\u2019te \u201culusal rayona\u201d d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

1920\u2019lerde<\/strong> Adige, Shapsugh<\/strong> ve \u00c7erkes <\/strong>(\u015fimdiki K\u00c7C \u00c7erkesleri\/\u0428\u044d\u0440\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0441\u0445\u044d\u0440)<\/em> etnik topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n toplam n\u00fcfusu 65 bin, Kabardiya Kaberdeyleri de 140 bin dolay\u0131nda idi <\/strong>(4 resmi topluluk n\u00fcfusu- 205 bin)<\/em>. Say\u0131 azl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, kat\u0131 Rus milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin a\u015f\u0131larak, bu d\u00f6rt k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck y\u00f6reye, \u00f6zellikle de birka\u00e7 bin Shapsugh\u2019a \u00f6zerklik verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 (**), Sovyet devrimcilerinin, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck etnik topluluklar\u0131 bile g\u00f6zeten adil ve demokratik siyasal ilkelere ve ahlaka sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131, bunun bir benzerinin \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de bulundu\u011funu; Lenin\u2019in y\u0131llar \u00f6nce, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde iken \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019yi \u00f6rnek alarak geli\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ulusal sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve s\u00f6zlerine sad\u0131k kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Sovyetlerdeki ulusal demokratik yap\u0131lanmaya da \u00f6nderlik etti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir ama Lenin\u2019in \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sonras\u0131nda, Stalin ile birlikte b\u00fcrokratik bir yozla\u015fman\u0131n ve Rus milliyet\u00e7ili\u011finin yeniden hortlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Nitekim, bir g\u00fczellik \u00f6\u011fesi olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck Shapsugh ulusal rayonu (il\u00e7esi) bile, gelecek a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u201ctehlikeli bir olu\u015fum\/vak\u0131a\u201d<\/strong> say\u0131larak (ki, \u201ctehlike ideolojisi\u201d, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de fa\u015fizmin beslendi\u011fi demagojilerdendir) <\/em>24 May\u0131s 1945\u2019te kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 (***). \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

(*) <\/strong>Bu izole yerlerde, Kuban ve Laba solundaki yerlerde, 1859 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri eski yerliler olarak Bjedugh, K\u2019emguy, Kuban Kabardeyler yerlerinde boyun e\u011fmi\u015f olarak Rus askeri denetimi alt\u0131nda ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. 1864\u2019te bu y\u00f6relere yeni \u015eaps\u0131\u011f ve Abadzeh s\u00fcrg\u00fcnler de kom\u015fu olarak geldiler; 1861’de hen\u00fcz egemen olan Adige topraklar\u0131 ise, direnen da\u011fl\u0131k Hak\u2019u\u00e7 y\u00f6resi<\/strong> d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Rus h\u00fck\u00fcmetince al\u0131nan 10 May\u0131s 1862 tarihli s\u00fcrg\u00fcn karar\u0131 gere\u011fince, etnik temizlik ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye s\u00fcr\u00fclme bi\u00e7iminde Adige n\u00fcfusundan b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, Adigelerden bo\u015falt\u0131lan yerlere de Rus kolonizat\u00f6rler\/Kazaklar yerle\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

(**) <\/strong> Lenin\u2019in Adige\/\u00c7erkeslerin s\u00fcrg\u00fcnden d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek ve bir tarihsel haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, \u2018\u015eaps\u0131\u011f Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni kurdurdu\u011fu da s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bunun do\u011fru olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir sonuca ba\u011flanmas\u0131 yerinde olur. -HCY<\/p>\n

(***) <\/strong> Daha \u00e7ok bilgi i\u00e7in Bkz. \u2018\u015eaps\u0131\u011f Ulusal Rayonu\u2019, Vikipedi.<\/p>\n

Adigey\u2019in geni\u015fleme s\u00fcreci ve beliren sorunlar
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Adigey \u00d6O, ilk kuruldu\u011funda Rusya (RSFSC)<\/em> i\u00e7inde, arac\u0131s\u0131z olarak Moskova\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 bir idari birim (il) <\/em>idi; sonralar\u0131, stat\u00fc indirimiyle, \u201cdaha \u00fcst stat\u00fcdeki bir il (kray) y\u00f6netimine ba\u011fl\u0131, daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir idari alt birim
\n-il ile il\u00e7e aras\u0131 bir birim-\u201d yap\u0131ld\u0131: \u00d6nce Kuzey Kafkas Kray\u2019a, ard\u0131ndan 1934\u2019te Azak-Karadeniz Kray\u2019a ba\u011fland\u0131. Sovyetler Birli\u011fi d\u00fczeyindeki 1936 yeni anayasa yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda A\u00d6O ba\u015fkenti, Krasnodar kentinden Maykop<\/strong> (M\u0131yequape) kentine ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131 ve ara yerdeki Giaginsk (Cace) rayonu<\/strong> da A\u00d6O s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7ine al\u0131nd\u0131, b\u00f6ylece y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 3.900 km kareye ula\u015ft\u0131 (1.240 km. kare ya da % 46.6 oran\u0131nda bir toprak art\u0131\u015f\u0131). <\/em>Ertesi y\u0131l, 1937\u2019de, oblast, yeni olu\u015fturulan Krasnodar Kray\u2019a (il) <\/em>ba\u011fland\u0131 (1991 y\u0131l\u0131na de\u011fin<\/em> de oraya ba\u011fl\u0131 kalacakt\u0131).
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Daha sonra 28 Nisan 1962’de, g\u00fcneydeki Maykop (M\u0131yequape) rayonu<\/strong> da oblasta eklendi ve y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 7.792 km. kareye ula\u015ft\u0131 (2 misli kadar bir geni\u015fleme).
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

A\u00d6O\u2019na Rus \u00e7o\u011funluk n\u00fcfuslu yeni kent (Maykop) ve rayonlar\u0131n (Cace ve Maykop) eklenmesiyle y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc, A\u00d6O\u2019ndaki Adige oran\u0131 da, % 40\u2019lardan % 20\u2019lere d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc: 1939\u2019da %22. 8 (55.048), <\/em>1970\u2019de % 21.1 (81.478), <\/em>1989\u2019da % 22.1 (95.439), <\/em>2002\u2019de % 24.2 (108.115). <\/em>Rus n\u00fcfus ise, uzunca bir s\u00fcre % 70\u2019ler d\u00fczeyinde (1939\u2019da %<\/em> 71.1; 1970\u2019de % 71.7)<\/em> seyrettikten sonra, 1989\u2019da % 68\u2019e, 2002\u2019de de % 64.48\u2019e d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

A\u00d6O, Gorba\u00e7ov<\/strong> d\u00f6nemi y\u00f6netiminin deste\u011fi ve Adige Halk Kongresi\u2019<\/strong>nin cumhuriyet \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, Adige \u00d6zerk Oblat\u0131 Parlamentosu 5 Ekim 1990\u2019da cumhuriyet kurma karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Karar 3 Temmuz 1991\u2019de de Rus Sovyet Federatif Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti Parlamentosu taraf\u0131ndan uygun bulunarak yasala\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve Adige \u00d6zerk Oblast\u0131, Adigey Cumhuriyeti<\/strong>\u2019ne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f oldu.
\nOklar\u0131n Adigelere \u00e7evrildi\u011fi zorlu bir d\u00f6nem
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

AC, halen ve t\u00fcm\u00fcyle Krasnodar Kray s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunuyor. Sonu\u00e7 olarak Krasnodar\u2019\u0131n ku\u015fatma ve engellemeleri i\u00e7inde bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bu nedenle AC Parlamentosu, ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015fl\u0131ktan kurtulmak ve ekonomik anlamda geli\u015fmeye olanak tan\u0131yacak s\u0131n\u0131rlara kavu\u015fmak i\u00e7in, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fuda Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne (K\u00c7C), <\/em>g\u00fcneyde de Abhazya Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne de\u011fin geni\u015fletilmesi; ayr\u0131ca Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 (So\u00e7i ve Tuapse\u2019deki)<\/em> Shapsughlar\u0131n\u0131n 1945 \u00f6ncesinde sahip olduklar\u0131 ve bir muktesep hak olmas\u0131 gereken \u00f6zerkliklerinin geri verilmesi isteklerinde bulundu (*). <\/em>Ancak olumlu bir sonu\u00e7 elde edilemedi. Aksine, AC\u2019nin kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p topraklar\u0131n\u0131n Krasnodar Kray\u2019a eklenmesi ama\u00e7l\u0131 bir kampanya a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Kampanya, birka\u00e7 y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fckten ve ortal\u0131\u011f\u0131 iyice buland\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra, AC Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u015e\u2019OVMEN<\/strong> Hazret\u2019<\/strong>in sert bi\u00e7imde kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131, \u2018<\/strong><\/em>Adige Halk Kongresi\u2019<\/strong>nin ve Adigelerin de sert tepkileri (21 May\u0131s 2006) ve RF Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Vladimir PUT\u0130N\u2019<\/strong>in de bir anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine gidilmeyece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemesi (2006) \u00fczerine yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Adigey Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in AC\u2019nde bir referandum yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir. Adigey\u2019de Adigeler n\u00fcfusun az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r, ancak devlet yap\u0131lan\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki siyasal temsil e\u015fitli\u011fi, paritet\/denge temsili gere\u011fi, AC Parlamentosu-Xase\u2019deki 45 \u00fcyenin yar\u0131s\u0131 Adige\u2019dir. Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi i\u00e7in belli say\u0131da \u00fcyenin talebi, talebin iki kez oylanmas\u0131 ve her bir oylamada \u00fc\u00e7te iki gibi bir nitelikli \u00e7o\u011funluk oyu gerekiyor. Normal ko\u015fullarda, 1943\u2019te Shapsughlara yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, Adigeler aleyhine bir anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi karar\u0131 al\u0131namaz.<\/p>\n

1943\u2019te Shapsugh \u00fcyelerin aleyhte oyuna kar\u015f\u0131n, \u00e7o\u011funluktaki Rus \u00fcyelerin oyu ile \u201cShapsugh Ulusal Rayonu\u201d<\/strong>nun kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 karar\u0131 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, karar 24 May\u0131s 1945\u2019te Moskova\u2019da onaylanarak y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe sokulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

1989-2003 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, siyasal sorunlar yan\u0131nda, bir de genel bir ekonomik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcreci ya\u015fand\u0131, i\u015fsizlik felaket boyutunu ald\u0131, asayi\u015f bozuldu, r\u00fc\u015fvet ve yolsuzluk yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131, sonu\u00e7 olarak, 123.900 ki\u015fi, AC\u2019ni terk edip sanayi merkezlerine g\u00f6\u00e7 etti. Bu n\u00fcfus daha \u00f6nceleri kolhoz (k\u00f6y tar\u0131m kooperatifi)<\/em> ve sovhozlarda (devlet tar\u0131m i\u015fletmesi)<\/em> devlet yard\u0131m\u0131, turizm ve tatil merkezlerinde g\u00f6revlendirme bi\u00e7imlerinde istihdam ediliyordu. Rus n\u00fcfus bo\u015flu\u011fu, \u00e7o\u011fu emekli ve hasta oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan 155.400 yerle\u015fimci ile dolduruldu (**) (\u00dc\u00e7te iki oran\u0131nda bir n\u00fcfus sirk\u00fclasyonu).
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

(*) <\/strong> Do\u00e7. Dr. Ufuk Tavkul, Kafkasya\u2019da bir tehdit unsuru \u201cKazaklar\u201d, Birle\u015fik Kafkasya Dergisi, say\u0131 6-7, s. 33.<\/p>\n

(**) <\/strong> Nart dergisine g\u00f6re (say\u0131 36, s. 86), 1989-2003 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Adigey\u2019den 123. 900 ki\u015fi g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f, 155. 400 ki\u015fi de d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelip Adigey\u2019e yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir.
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Adige\/\u00c7erkesler
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Adigeler, etnik olu\u015fumunu Kafkasya\u2019da tamamlam\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck bir halk, bir ulus idiler. Adigeler 1864 y\u0131l\u0131na de\u011fin, tarih boyunca ve ana kitle olarak, hi\u00e7bir yabanc\u0131 g\u00fcce boyun e\u011fmemi\u015f, <\/strong> temelde demokratik yap\u0131l\u0131 ve bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131l olan bir toplum idiler (*).
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Adige toplum yap\u0131s\u0131 sa\u011flam gelenekleri sayesinde ayakta kalmay\u0131 sa\u011flarken, sald\u0131rgan ve yay\u0131lmac\u0131 karakterde olmamas\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcmemesi, \u00e7o\u011falmamas\u0131 nedeniyle de bir zay\u0131fl\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131yordu ())<\/strong>. Yine de Adigeler y\u00fcrekli ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir toplum idiler. S\u00f6zgeli\u015fi, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, uzunca bir s\u00fcre, yani Ruslar Karadeniz\u2019e inene dek, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun boyun e\u011fdiremedi\u011fi tek \u00fclke, \u2018Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00c7erkesya\u2019 (Adigey)<\/em> idi<\/strong>, yani Karadeniz\u2019de egemenlik, \u00e7ok uzun bir s\u00fcre boyunca T\u00fcrkler ile Adige\/\u00c7erkesler aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (**).<\/p>\n

Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

(*)<\/strong> Adige tarihi i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca Bkz. \u201cAd\u0131ge Cumhuriyeti\u201d, Vikipedi.<\/p>\n

(**) <\/strong> \u00c7o\u011fu milliyet\u00e7i ve tek yanl\u0131 olan T\u00fcrk ve Rus tarih atlaslar\u0131, \u00c7erkesya\u2019y\u0131 1829 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde Osmanl\u0131lar\u2019a \u201cba\u011fl\u0131\u201d bir b\u00f6lgeymi\u015f (eyaletmi\u015f) gibi g\u00f6stermek istiyorlar, bu do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Bat\u0131l\u0131 tarih atlaslar\u0131, \u00c7erkesya\u2019y\u0131, 1864 y\u0131l\u0131na de\u011fin Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u00fclke olarak g\u00f6stermeye devam ediyorlar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 1814 Viyana Kongresi<\/strong> konulu tarih atlaslar\u0131na bak\u0131labilir; ayr\u0131ca \u2018GROLIER International AMER\u0130CANA Encyclopedia\u2019, Sabah, cilt 2, s. 307, 310, 312.
\nMeotlar (\u041c\u044b\u0443\u04421\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440) ve Adige\/\u00c7erkes k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Maykop’taki Adigey Ulusal M\u00fczesi<\/strong>‘nde (AUM)<\/em> Ta\u015f \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 yap\u0131tlar\u0131, M\u00d6 III. biny\u0131l\u0131na, 4.500 ya da 5.500 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine ait Adige Meot<\/strong> (\u041c\u044b\u0443\u04421)<\/em> buluntular\u0131 vard\u0131r (1).<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok eski Adige atalar\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin 3. 300 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine ait Maykop Ta\u015f\u0131<\/strong>\u2019nda bir Meot (Adige)<\/em> yaz\u0131s\u0131 bulundu\u011fu gibi, Grekler <\/strong>ile ili\u015fkiler kuran Adige atalar\u0131 olan Sind ve Meotlar\u2019\u0131n <\/strong>M.\u00d6. V-IV. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda alfabe ve yaz\u0131lar\u0131 vard\u0131<\/strong> (2). <\/em>Adige uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kentsel ya\u015fam\u0131 ve Adige kent devletleri (Sind, Meot, Kerket, vb), <\/em>M\u00d6 III. y\u00fczy\u0131lda b\u00fcy\u00fck darbeler ald\u0131lar. Meot topraklar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kurakl\u0131k ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu\u011fday \u00fcretiminin d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k sulama tekni\u011finin geli\u015fmesiyle M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da bu\u011fday \u00fcretiminde bir patlama oldu\u011fu, ucuz M\u0131s\u0131r bu\u011fday\u0131n\u0131n Akdeniz bu\u011fday ticaretini ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi, Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Sonu\u00e7 olarak Adige (Meot<\/em>) ekonomisi \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc<\/strong> ve savunma giderleri kar\u015f\u0131lanamaz oldu. Bu da, g\u00f6\u00e7ebe sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na (\u0130skit, Sarmat, vb) bir \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131 yerine ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

Ya\u011fmac\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kentleri terk etmek zorunda kalan Adigeler ise, giderek da\u011flara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak zorunda kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Birbirini izleyen \u0130skit, Sarmat, Alan, Got<\/strong>, \u00f6zellikle de Avar<\/strong> ve Hun<\/strong> sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 sonucu Adige kentleri, k\u0131y\u0131 ticareti ve Adige yaz\u0131l\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131 (yaz\u0131y\u0131 da yaratan uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 olan kentsel ya\u015fam) <\/em>sona erdi, Adige (Meot)<\/em> uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da tarihe kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131<\/strong>; da\u011flara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan ve y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l yoksulluk i\u00e7inde oralarda bar\u0131nan Adigeler de, do\u011fal olarak yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yitirdiler (Yaz\u0131, kentsel ya\u015fam ve geli\u015fmi\u015f ticaret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fmu\u015f bir olgudur). <\/em>Kent uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczeyinden d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f de olsalar, Adige k\u00f6y topluluklar\u0131 eski k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve geleneklerini g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze de\u011fin yenileyerek korumay\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar. Ama \u015fimdi Adigeler, teknoloji\/globalizm \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7mazlar\u0131 ve asimilasyon tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelmi\u015f bulunuyorlar.<\/p>\n

Adige Meotlar\u0131n yaz\u0131lar\u0131 okunabilmi\u015f ve Meot tarihi de yeterince ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir, bilim insanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Meot \u00f6rg\u00fctleni\u015finde, \u00e7o\u011fu toplumun aksine, sald\u0131rgan ve yay\u0131lmac\u0131 de\u011fil, savunma \u00fczerine kurulu bir askeri strateji oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. Geni\u015flemeci ve \u00e7o\u011falmac\u0131 bir strateji izlemeyen Meotlar, bu y\u00fczden, ba\u015fka toplumlar\u0131n topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ve kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irip g\u00fc\u00e7lenmeyi \u00f6nemsemiyor olmal\u0131yd\u0131lar. Ayr\u0131ca kent devletleri ile topluluklar\u0131n birle\u015fmeleri, g\u00f6\u00e7ebe topluluklar\u0131n ya\u011fma ama\u00e7l\u0131 birle\u015fmeleri gibi kolay olmuyordu (Birle\u015fme Ruslar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilememi\u015fti, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Adigelerin k\u00f6yl\u00fc, yani tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa dayal\u0131 yerle\u015fik d\u00fczeni devletle\u015fmeye ya da b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlu bir birle\u015fmeye, evden uzun s\u00fcre uzakta kalmaya olanak tan\u0131m\u0131yordu).
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak g\u00fc\u00e7ten d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olan Adige-Meotlar, M\u00d6 III. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ba\u015flayan ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze de\u011fin s\u00fcren bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcreci i\u00e7ine girmi\u015f oldular. \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcrecine kar\u015f\u0131n Adigelerin ayakta kalm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131, yine de sa\u011flam gelenekleri ve da\u011flar\u0131 sayesinde olmu\u015ftur (3).
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Meotlar d\u00f6neminde Adigeler aras\u0131nda \u015fiir, masal, \u015fark\u0131 ve destan gibi s\u00f6zl\u00fc anlat\u0131lar yayg\u0131n olmal\u0131yd\u0131 (4).
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Ekonomik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f ve gerileme s\u00fcreci, beraberinde Adigelere y\u00f6nelik g\u00f6\u00e7ebe sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 da getirmi\u015f ve yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00fczel, endaml\u0131, yetenekli ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan Adige k\u0131zlar\u0131 ile yak\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan ve y\u00fcrekli Adige delikanl\u0131lar\u0131 esir\/k\u00f6le pazarlar\u0131nda al\u0131c\u0131 buluyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Birbirini izleyen sald\u0131r\u0131lar sonucu Adige kentleri, k\u0131y\u0131 ticareti ve yaz\u0131l\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131n sona erdi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftik. Da\u011flara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nan ve y\u00fczlerce y\u0131l oralarda bar\u0131nan Adigeler, kendine yetinmelik (otar\u015fik)<\/em> bir tar\u0131m, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve paral\u0131 askerlik (M\u0131s\u0131r Memluklar\u0131 gibi) gibi u\u011fra\u015flarla ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme konumuna d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcler. Yoksulla\u015fan ve yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 da yitiren Adigeler, yine de geleneklerini, folklor ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 korumay\u0131 ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ta\u015f\u0131may\u0131 ba\u015fard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

O s\u0131ralarda Adigeler politeist (\u00e7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131\/thabe\/\u0442\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0431\u044d) bir inanca sahiptiler, Tha<\/strong> ya da Tha\u015fho’ya (\u0422\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0448\u0445\u043e)<\/em> ve ona ba\u011fl\u0131 g\u00f6k, yer ve su tanr\u0131lar\u0131na inan\u0131yorlard\u0131 (5).<\/p>\n

MS IV-VI. y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca s\u00fcren Hun sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong>, 1864 Rus istilas\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi da\u011flar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irememi\u015f, ancak Adigelere \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl darbeler de indirmi\u015ftir (6).
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

(1)<\/strong> Nuriyet Mam\u0131r\u0131ko, “Ulusal Tarih Koruma Alt\u0131nda”<\/strong>, internet; ayr\u0131ca bk. Aslangua\u015f \u015e’avko, “M\u0131yequape\/Maykop ad\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6keni”<\/strong>, Jineps gazetesi, say\u0131 19; Fatim \u00c7’are, “V\u0131lape H\u00f6y\u00fckleri”, <\/strong>Jineps gaz. , say\u0131 21.<\/p>\n

(2) <\/strong> Adigey, Vikipedi, ayr\u0131ca bk. Bestlen\u0131ye Asker, “Adigeler Greklere<\/em> yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyorlard\u0131”, internet.<\/p>\n

(3)<\/strong> Adige Meot gelene\u011fi i\u00e7in Bkz. Asker Hade\u011fal, “Nartlar”, <\/strong>CC, Edebiyat\/Efsaneler-Mitoloji b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc; ayr\u0131ca<\/p>\n

\u201cJ\u0131neps\u201d gazetesi, say\u0131 20 ve sonras\u0131; \u201cSindika\u201d, <\/strong>Vikipedi).<\/p>\n

(4) <\/strong>Bkz. Asker Hade\u011fal\u2019, \u2018Nart destanlar\u0131\u2019, CC Edebiyat\/Efsaneler-Mitoloji; Nartlar, Vikipedi.<\/p>\n

(5) <\/strong>Bkz. \u2018\u00c7erkesya’da de\u011fi\u015fik dinlerle ili\u015fkili yer adlar\u0131\u2019<\/strong>, internet.<\/p>\n

(6)<\/strong> Avar, Hun ve Mo\u011fol sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in Bkz. Abu \u015ehalaho<\/strong>, \u201cUzaktaki Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n I\u015f\u0131lt\u0131lar\u0131\u201d<\/strong> ve \u201cY\u0131ld\u0131z Kahramanlar\u0131\u201d, <\/strong>CC, Tarih B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, 2. index).<\/p>\n

Mo\u011fol ve Tatar sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz y\u0131ll\u0131k bir karanl\u0131k d\u00f6nemin ard\u0131ndan, Bizans ve bat\u0131 ile yeniden ili\u015fkiler kuruldu ve bu ili\u015fkilerin bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olarak, H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k Adigeler aras\u0131nda yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 ama tam bir toparlanmaya zaman kalmadan, Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik yeni sald\u0131r\u0131lar belirdi. \u00d6zellikle Mo\u011fol<\/strong> (1223)<\/em> ve Timur<\/strong> (1395)<\/em> sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ve bunu izleyen Tatar<\/strong> ak\u0131nlar\u0131, Adigelere rahat y\u00fcz\u00fc g\u00f6stermedi ve yeniden toparlanmalar\u0131n\u0131 engelledi. S\u0131n\u0131rboyu Adigeleri aras\u0131nda d\u0131\u015f istilalar\u0131n ve yabanc\u0131 egemenli\u011finin bir sonucu olarak feodalizm (k\u00f6yl\u00fc ve k\u00f6leler \u00fczerinde topra\u011fa dayal\u0131 soylu egemenli\u011fi sistemi) <\/em>g\u00fc\u00e7lenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Adigelerin kuzeyinde ve baz\u0131 Adige topluluklar\u0131n\u0131 vergiye ba\u011flayan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Alt\u0131n Ordu Devleti<\/strong> (1227-1502)<\/em> do\u011fdu, bu devlet i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan Tatarlar, ileride Ruslar ile Adigeleri ay\u0131ran bir tampon halk konumunu ald\u0131lar. Tatarlar bir yandan Adigeler aleyhine geni\u015flemeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, K\u0131r\u0131ml\u0131 Tatarlar\u0131n bask\u0131lar\u0131 sonucu, 14-15. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Adige-Kabardeyler, Azak Denizi\u2019nin do\u011fusundaki topraklar\u0131n\u0131 ve K\u0131r\u0131m\u2019\u0131 tahliye edip \u015fimdiki Kabardiya topraklar\u0131na<\/strong> \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kald\u0131lar. Kabardeyler uzak bir \u00fclke insanlar\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri Ruslarla yak\u0131nla\u015fman\u0131n k\u0131sa d\u00f6nemli yarar\u0131n\u0131 hesapl\u0131yor, ileride do\u011facak tehlikeleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnemiyor olmal\u0131yd\u0131lar. Alt\u0131n Ordu\u2019n\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 sonucu, Alt\u0131n Ordu topraklar\u0131n\u0131n bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerinde Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131na kom\u015fu K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/strong> (1441-1783) <\/em>ile Astrahan Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 <\/strong> (1466-1556)<\/em> do\u011fdu (*). <\/em>Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

(*) <\/strong> Tatar sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u00e7in de Bkz. Abu \u015ehalaho<\/strong>, \u201cUzaktaki Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n I<\/strong>\u015f\u0131lt\u0131lar\u0131\u201d<\/strong> ve \u201cY\u0131ld\u0131z Kahramanlar\u0131\u201d, <\/strong>CC, Tarih B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, 2. index.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kabardeylerin Rusya ile birle\u015fmeleri (1557-1739)
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Rusya ile Kabardeyler aras\u0131nda bir tampon devlet konumunda olan Astrahan Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> 1554’te Rus korumas\u0131 alt\u0131na girdi, Han’\u0131n sinsi ve Rus efendilerine kar\u015f\u0131t davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerine, Hanl\u0131k kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve topraklar\u0131 1556\u2019da Rusya\u2019ya ilhak edildi. B\u00f6ylece Kabardeyler Ruslarla kom\u015fu olmu\u015f oldular. Bu arada Kabardey beyleri, ba\u011fl\u0131 bulunduklar\u0131 K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019<\/strong>n\u0131n korumas\u0131ndan kurtulmak i\u00e7in Ruslarla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeleri 1554\u2019te beri s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekteydiler, Astrahan Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, Kabardeyler bir antla\u015fmayla, 1557\u2019de Rus korumas\u0131n\u0131 benimsediler. B\u00fcy\u00fck Kabardey derebeyi P\u015f\u0131 \u0130DAR<\/strong> Temr\u0131ko<\/strong>\u2019nun k\u0131z\u0131 \u0130DAR Go\u015fevnay <\/strong> (1544-1569), <\/em>Moskova\u2019da bir kilisede vaftiz edilip Mariya<\/strong> ad\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131 ve ilk Rus \u00c7ar\u0131 \u0130van IV\u2019<\/strong>e (Korkun\u00e7 \u0130van)<\/em> nikahland\u0131 (1561). <\/em>B\u00f6ylece Rus-Kabardey yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 evlilikle de per\u00e7inlenmi\u015f oldu ve bir\u00e7ok Kabardey soylusuna Moskova\u2019da \u00f6nemli devlet g\u00f6revleri ve komutanl\u0131klar verildi, Kabardey g\u00f6revliler Rusya yarar\u0131na \u00f6zveriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcme s\u00fcrecine katk\u0131larda bulundular (1557 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n 450. y\u0131l\u0131, 2007 y\u0131l\u0131 boyunca AC, KBC, K\u00c7C ve Moskova\u2019da kutlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r)<\/em>. Kabardeyler bu \u2018yararl\u0131\u2019 ittifak ve himaye sayesinde Ruslara hayvan (at, s\u0131\u011f\u0131r, koyun) sat\u0131yor, onlardan da sanayi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri al\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak \u2018\u00c7erkesya\u2019, bir daha birle\u015fememek \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu: Bat\u0131da Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u201c\u00c7erkesya\u201d<\/strong> ve do\u011fuda da Rusya ile bir birliktelik i\u00e7inde olan \u201cKabardiya\u201d<\/strong> (ya da \u2018Do\u011fu<\/em> \u00c7erkesya\u2019). <\/em>7 b\u00fcy\u00fck derebeyi ailesi (p\u015f\u0131)<\/em> ve bunlar\u0131n vasallar\u0131 (werkler) taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen Kabardiya 1739 Belgrad Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile Rusya\u2019dan koptu ve bu tarihte B\u00fcy\u00fck Kabardey<\/strong> ve K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kabardey<\/strong> b\u00f6lgeleri (*), Osman Devleti ile Rusya aras\u0131nda tarafs\u0131z b\u00f6lgeler oldular.<\/p>\n

Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

(*) <\/strong> B\u00fcy\u00fck Kabardey 4 b\u00fcy\u00fck soylu (p\u015f\u0131) ailesi, K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kabardey de 3 b\u00fcy\u00fck soylu ailesi taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netiliyordu. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck aileler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, bu b\u00fcy\u00fck ailelerin n\u00fcfuzunu tan\u0131yan daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bey (p\u015f\u0131) aileleri de vard\u0131. Kabardeylerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 1774 ilhak\u0131 ile son bulmu\u015f, ama soylular\u0131n ve toprak sahibi k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin, ayr\u0131ca k\u00f6lelerin stat\u00fc ve m\u00fclkiyetleri tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kabardiya ve Kuzey Osetya\u2019n\u0131n Rusya\u2019ya ilhak\u0131 (1774)
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

1774\u2019te Kabardiya<\/strong> ve bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Kuzey<\/strong> Osetya<\/strong>, 1783\u2019te de K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kesin olarak Rusya\u2019ya ilhak edildi; ayn\u0131 y\u0131l Do\u011fu G\u00fcrcistan da Rus korumas\u0131n\u0131 benimsedi (1783)<\/strong>. B\u00f6ylece Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00c7erkesya, 1783’te Kuban Irma\u011f\u0131 boyunca Ruslarca ku\u015fatma i\u00e7ine al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu. \u0130ki y\u0131l \u00f6nce, \u00c7erkesleri desteklemek, Rus yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 durdurmak ve K\u0131r\u0131m’\u0131 kurtarmak i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131lar 1781’de \u00c7erkesya’da Anapa Kalesi<\/strong>\u2019ni kurmu\u015flard\u0131 ama Rus yay\u0131lmas\u0131 durdurulamad\u0131: Rusya 1801’de Do\u011fu G\u00fcrcistan\u2019\u0131 (Kartl\u0131 ve Kaheti Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131) ilhak etti<\/strong>; 1806-1812 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan da galip \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Ruslar, Osmanl\u0131 korumas\u0131ndaki \u0130mereti Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131 ve Mingrelya Prensli\u011fi<\/strong>‘ni ele ge\u00e7irip ilhak ettiler. Osmanl\u0131 korumas\u0131ndaki Abhaz Prensli\u011fi<\/strong> ise, saf de\u011fi\u015ftirdi, Prens H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul etti ve g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olarak Rus korumas\u0131n\u0131 benimsedi. Abhazya<\/strong>, il\u00e7e (okrug)<\/em> stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde bir feodal prenslik olarak, 1810’da Rusya\u2019ya ba\u011fland\u0131<\/strong> (*).<\/p>\n

Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

(*) <\/strong> Feodal ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131 olan bu Abhaz Prensli\u011fi, Rusya\u2019daki 1861 demokratikle\u015fme program\u0131 gere\u011fince, 1864\u2019te tasfiye edilecek, prenslik, soylu ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131 ve k\u00f6lelik kald\u0131r\u0131lacak, eski Abhazya topraklar\u0131 \u2018Sohum okrugu\u2019\/il\u00e7esi ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda Rusya\u2019ya ilhak edilecek ve Kutaisi iline (guberniya) ba\u011flanacakt\u0131.
\n\u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n karadan tam bir ku\u015fatma i\u00e7ine al\u0131nmas\u0131
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

1787-1792 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, 1791\u2019de Anapa Kalesi <\/strong>ve kaleye s\u0131\u011f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan \u0130mam Mansur <\/strong>Ruslar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti. Ancak 10 Ocak 1792 Ya\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 <\/strong>ile Anapa Osmanl\u0131lara geri verildi.<\/p>\n

1806-1812 Osmanl\u0131-Rus Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Anapa Kalesi<\/strong> ve g\u00fcneyde Bz\u0131b Irma\u011f\u0131<\/strong>ndan daha g\u00fcneyde Rioni Irma\u011f\u0131<\/strong>na, Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Poti Kalesi<\/strong>\u2019ne de\u011fin Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131, \u0130mretya Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> ve Mingrelya Prensli\u011fi<\/strong> topraklar\u0131 Ruslar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu olu\u015fumlar 1812 B\u00fckre\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> ile h\u00fckme ba\u011fland\u0131. Kuzeyde Kuban Irma\u011f\u0131<\/strong> a\u011fz\u0131ndan g\u00fcneyde Bz\u0131b Irma\u011f\u0131<\/strong> a\u011fz\u0131na (Pitsunda’ya)<\/em> kadar uzanan yerler Osmanl\u0131lara\/Adigelere, Bz\u0131b Irma\u011f\u0131ndan<\/strong> daha g\u00fcneyde bulunan Rioni Irma\u011f\u0131<\/strong> a\u011fz\u0131na (Poti’ye)<\/em> de\u011fin uzanan Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 da (Abhaz Prensli\u011fi topraklar\u0131 da dahil)<\/em> Ruslara terk edildi.<\/p>\n

Abhaz yazar\u0131 Hayri Ersoy<\/strong>‘a g\u00f6re, tasfiye \u00f6ncesi Abhaz Prensli\u011fi’nin n\u00fcfusu<\/strong> 1858’de 94. 023 idi (*).
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda Ruslar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mi\u015f olan Anapa Kalesi<\/strong>, 1812 B\u00fckre\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131 gere\u011fince Osmanl\u0131lara geri verildi. \u00d6te yandan Ruslar \u0130ran ile de sava\u015ft\u0131lar. \u0130ran, 1813 G\u00fclistan Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> ile Da\u011f\u0131stan ve \u015fimdiki Azerbaycan Cumuriyeti’nin kuzey kesimi \u00fczerinde Rus egemenli\u011fini tan\u0131d\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Ruslar, Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yay\u0131lmak i\u00e7in gerekli olan hukuki alt yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve diplomatik kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 elde etmi\u015f oluyor, Adige ve \u00c7e\u00e7enleri iki y\u00f6nl\u00fc k\u0131skaca ve ku\u015fatma i\u00e7ine al\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Anapa’n\u0131n 1792 ve 1812’de Osmanl\u0131lara geri verilmi\u015f, \u00c7erkesya k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda denetimin Ruslarca Osmanl\u0131lara b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, ku\u015fkusuz Ruslar\u0131n, \u00c7erkesya’y\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde Osmanl\u0131 Devleti ile ili\u015fkilendirip ileride ele ge\u00e7irme planlar\u0131n\u0131n bir gere\u011fi olmal\u0131yd\u0131. Ruslar\u0131n 100 y\u0131ll\u0131k yay\u0131lma planlar\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131 uygulad\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Uluslararas\u0131 hukuka g\u00f6re \u00c7erkesya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00fclke stat\u00fcs\u00fcndeydi <\/strong>ve haritalarda ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u00fclke olarak g\u00f6steriliyordu. Bu bak\u0131mdan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n birtak\u0131m antla\u015fmalarla sakatlanmas\u0131 gerekiyordu. 1828’de Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131 her cephede ezip ge\u00e7en ve Anapa Kalesi<\/strong>\u2019ni ele ge\u00e7iren Ruslar, 1829 Edirne Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile arzulad\u0131klar\u0131 hedefe ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldular.<\/p>\n

1829 Edirne Antla\u015fmas\u0131 ile, Osmanl\u0131lar \u00c7erkesya k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00e7ekildiler ve k\u0131y\u0131 denetimini Ruslara devrettiler. <\/strong>B\u00f6ylece, Adigeler sinsi bir diplomas\u0131 oyununun kurban\u0131, ayr\u0131ca karadan ve denizden tam bir Rus ku\u015fatma ve ablukas\u0131 i\u00e7ine al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f da oldular<\/strong>. Art\u0131k Adigeler nefes alamaz, ge\u00e7erli bir hukuki tutamaktan ve bir dost eli deste\u011finden yoksun duruma d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f durumdayd\u0131lar (**).
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

(*) <\/strong> Hayri Ersoy, \u2018Dili, Edebiyat\u0131 ve Tarihi ile \u00c7erkesler\u2019, \u0130stanbul, 1993, s. 44.<\/p>\n

(**) <\/strong> \u00c7erkeslere kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f olan bu haks\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa, Karl Marx<\/strong> ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere d\u00f6nemin bir\u00e7ok demokrat ayd\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\n\u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n istilas\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

1829-1864 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nem, \u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in verilmi\u015f sava\u015flarla dolu bir kahramanl\u0131k destan\u0131 niteli\u011findedir (*). Osmanl\u0131 Devleti yan\u0131nda, Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletler de, haks\u0131z 1829 Edirne Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 tan\u0131yarak, Adigeleri koca Rusya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun vah\u015fi ordular\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir ba\u015flar\u0131na b\u0131rakt\u0131lar, \u00fcstelik ajanlar yollayarak Adigeleri Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fa k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmaktan da geri kalm\u0131yorlard\u0131. 1840 y\u0131l\u0131 ilkbahar\u0131nda Adigeler, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan g\u00f6nderilen ve Adigelere yard\u0131m edilece\u011fini s\u00f6yleyen bu Osmanl\u0131 ve \u0130ngiliz ajanlar\u0131n\u0131n propagandalar\u0131na kan\u0131p Adigey\u2019i \u00e7epe\u00e7evre saran Rus hatlar\u0131ndaki, \u00f6zellikle Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131 hatt\u0131ndaki kale ve karakollara sald\u0131rd\u0131lar, ancak a\u011f\u0131r kay\u0131plar verdiler, bekledikleri yard\u0131mlar\u0131n gelmedi\u011fini ve aldat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlad\u0131lar. Adigeler sonunda bu ajanlar\u0131n yalanc\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenilmez ki\u015filer olduklar\u0131n\u0131 anlad\u0131lar ve zorunlu olarak sald\u0131r\u0131lara son verip savunmaya \u00e7ekildiler.<\/p>\n

Adigelerin pasif ve savunmada kalmalar\u0131 durumuna bir son vermek ve onlar\u0131 Ruslara kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015fa \u00f6rg\u00fctlemek amac\u0131yla, \u00c7e\u00e7enya’da Ruslarla sava\u015fmakta olan \u0130mam \u015eamil<\/strong>, naip ad\u0131 verilen temsilcilerini Adigeler aras\u0131n g\u00f6ndermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca 1846’da, \u00c7e\u00e7enya ile \u00c7erkesya\u2019y\u0131 ay\u0131ran ve Rus i\u015fbirlik\u00e7isi derebeyleri (p\u015f\u0131) taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen Kabardiya b\u00f6lgesini ele ge\u00e7irip m\u00fccadeleyi Kuzey Kafkasya boyutuna yaymay\u0131 denedi, ama ba\u015faramay\u0131p geri \u00e7ekildi. Bunun \u00fczerine 1848’de, 30 ya\u015f\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ki\u015fi olan yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Muhammed Emin<\/strong>‘i (**), naibi olarak, kalabal\u0131k bir din adam\u0131 ve kad\u0131lar e\u015fli\u011finde \u00c7erkesya’ya g\u00f6nderdi. Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm Adigeler (Abadzeh\/Abzeghler) <\/em>Naip’in \u015feriat\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirme ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck vaatlerini benimsediler ve Rus karakollar\u0131na sald\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar (1849). Ancak Naib ve emrindeki Abzeghler 1851’de yenildiler ve di\u011fer Adigeler (Shapsughlar, vb)<\/em> gibi savunmaya \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kald\u0131lar.
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

(*) Bkz. \u00c7\u2019\u0131r\u011f Ashad, \u2018Adige xase tarihinden bir kesit\u2019, internet.<\/p>\n

(**) Bkz. \u2018Muhammed Emin\u2019-Vikipedi.
\nK\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131 (1853-1856)
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

1853-1856 K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong> s\u0131ras\u0131nda M\u00fcttefikler (ve Osmanl\u0131lar), <\/em> \u00c7erkesya’y\u0131 Shapsughlar ve Naib yanl\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f buldular. Her iki Adige grubu da sava\u015fa kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in yeterl bir g\u00fcvence istiyorlard\u0131. Oysa Osmanl\u0131lar \u00c7erkesya<\/strong>‘y\u0131 ve \u015eamil \u00f6nderli\u011findeki \u0130mamet Devleti<\/strong>‘ni tan\u0131may\u0131 de\u011fil, ilhak etmeyi planlam\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Osmanl\u0131lar \u015eamil’i Kafkasya Genel Valisi<\/strong> olarak ilan ettiler, \u00c7erkesya’ya da bir Osmanl\u0131 askeri valisi<\/strong> g\u00f6nderdiler (*)<\/em>. Bu durum, Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n emperyal yay\u0131lma, Bat\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fcttefiklerinin de kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 pe\u015finde olduklar\u0131n\u0131, \u00c7e\u00e7enya, Da\u011f\u0131stan ve \u00c7erkesya’y\u0131 i\u015fgal edilmesi gereken Rus topraklar\u0131 olarak alg\u0131land\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belli ediyordu. Kafkasyal\u0131lar M\u00fcttefiklerin \u00f6zel olarak ilgilerini \u00e7ekmiyordu. Bat\u0131l\u0131lar\u0131n hedefi, Ruslar\u0131n Akdeniz\u2019e inmelerini \u00f6nleme, Karadeniz’deki Rus donanmas\u0131n\u0131 yok etme, \u0130ngiliz ve Frans\u0131z \u00e7\u0131kar b\u00f6lgelerini ve aradaki Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ni koruma ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131. Bu d\u00fczenleme i\u00e7inde Adigelere \u00e7ok tali bir d\u00fczeyde bir yer kal\u0131yordu. Ayr\u0131ca Adigelerin kurtar\u0131lmalar\u0131na y\u00f6nelik hi\u00e7bir g\u00fcvence yoktu. Shapsughlar M\u00fcttefiklere \u2018Rus generalleri gibi T\u00fcrk pa\u015falar\u0131n\u0131 istemediklerini\u2019 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Adigeler \u2018can\u2019 derdindeydiler, Osmanl\u0131lar ile m\u00fcttefikleri ise \u2018et derdinde\u2019 imi\u015fler gibi davran\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcttefik komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Kafkasya’y\u0131 i\u015fgal etmeyi de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc, i\u015fgalin zor olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ama oray\u0131 elde tutman\u0131n zor olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlam\u0131\u015f ve Kafkasya’y\u0131 i\u015fgal etmekten vazge\u00e7mi\u015fti (*). Kafkasya, sadece T\u00fcrk Bo\u011fazlar\u0131 yoluyla a\u00e7\u0131k denizlere a\u00e7\u0131labilen izole\/kapal\u0131 bir b\u00f6lgeydi. Ayr\u0131ca Adige<\/strong> (bat\u0131), \u00c7e\u00e7en<\/strong> ve bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm Da\u011f\u0131stanl\u0131<\/strong> d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Kafkasya halklar\u0131 Rus yanl\u0131s\u0131 ya da Ruslarla bir uzla\u015fma i\u00e7indeydiler ve Ruslarca bunlardan olu\u015fturulan milisler, 1828-1829 Osmanl\u0131 Rus Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, Rus hizmetinde Osmanl\u0131lar ve M\u00fcttefikleri ile yap\u0131lan sava\u015fa kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131lar Kafkasya’y\u0131 Bat\u0131 G\u00fcrcistan k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerinden i\u015fgal etmeyi denediler ama batakl\u0131klara saplan\u0131p kald\u0131lar. Bu da Osmanl\u0131 komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ileri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve beceriden yoksun oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6steriyordu. Sava\u015f\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru Osmanl\u0131 topraklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ilerleyen Ruslar stratejik Kars Kalesi\u2019<\/strong>ni teslim ald\u0131lar. Bu a\u011f\u0131r yenilgiyi telafi etmek ve Ruslar\u0131 bir an \u00f6nce bar\u0131\u015fa zorlamak i\u00e7in M\u00fcttefikler, 1855 y\u0131l\u0131 sonbahar\u0131nda Anapa<\/strong> ve Novorossiysk<\/strong> y\u00f6relerine, \u2018Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00c7erkesya Askeri Valisi Sefer Pa\u015fa\u2019 <\/strong>i\u00e7in de bir jest anlam\u0131nda, gecikmi\u015f bir askeri \u00e7\u0131kartma yapt\u0131lar ve Ruslar\u0131 Yekaterinodar<\/strong>\u2019a (\u015fimdiki Krasnodar) do\u011fru geri \u00e7ekilmek zorunda b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. Ama \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden ate\u015fkes imzaland\u0131 ve harekat durdu.<\/p>\n

1856’da Paris Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong> ile, iki taraf da ele ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi topraklar\u0131 geri verdiler. \u00c7erkesya\u2019daki M\u00fcttefik askerleri, \u00fclkelerine geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcler. Antla\u015fma gere\u011fince Karadeniz Rus sava\u015f gemilerinden ve donanma \u00fcslerinden ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, hepsi o kadar<\/strong>. \u00c7erkesya a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise, mevcut 1829 stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe gidilmedi, g\u00fcndeme bile gelmedi, bu da \u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n ve Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n bir Rus “topra\u011f\u0131” olarak say\u0131lmaya devam edildi\u011fini belli ediyordu.<\/p>\n

M\u00fcttefikler, K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcresince Adigeleri ve \u015eamil’i, s\u00fcvari birlikleri halinde Rus m\u00fcstahkem hatlar\u0131na sald\u0131rmaya, K\u0131r\u0131m ve Sivastopol’a y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yorlar, ama Rus toplar\u0131na nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131 koyacaklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131yorlar, ayr\u0131ca bu iki ya da \u00fc\u00e7 birimi olsun ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00f6\u011feler\/devletler olarak tan\u0131maya yana\u015fm\u0131yor, ciddi yard\u0131mlarda bulunmuyor, \u00c7erkeslerden g\u00fc\u00e7lerini a\u015fan\/olmayacak taleplerde bulunuyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, yine de \u00c7erkesler ve \u0130mam \u015eamil kuvvetleri, Kafkasya\u2019daki Rus birliklerinin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bulunduklar\u0131 yerlere ba\u011flayarak ve cepheye sevk edilmelerini \u00f6nleyerek, dolayl\u0131 yollardan M\u00fcttefiklere b\u00fcy\u00fck bir destekte bulunmu\u015flard\u0131. Ancak Bat\u0131l\u0131 emperyalistlerin ve Osmanl\u0131 uydular\u0131n\u0131n kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, ahlak ve vefa gibi bir anlay\u0131\u015f ve dertleri yoktu.<\/p>\n

Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

(*) <\/strong>Bu vali Natuhay toplulu\u011fu ileri gelenlerinden Zaneko Seferbey idi. Osmanl\u0131lar eski bir Rus subay\u0131 olan ve \u2018Adige Meclisi Xase\u2019 taraf\u0131ndan bir el\u00e7i heyeti ile birlikte \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6nderilen Zaneko Seferbey\u2019i, bu kez \u2018\u00c7erkesistan Askeri Valisi Sefer Pa\u015fa\u2019 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00c7erkesya\u2019ya g\u00f6ndermi\u015flerdi. Seferbey 1858\u2019de \u00f6l\u00fcnce, yerini o\u011flu Zaneko Karabat\u0131r ald\u0131. Sefer Bey-Xase ili\u015fkisi i\u00e7in Bkz. \u00c7\u2019\u0131r\u011f Ashad, \u2018Adige xase tarihinden bir kesit\u2019, internet.<\/p>\n

(**) <\/strong>W. E. D. Allen ve \u00f6l\u00fc Paul Muratoff, \u2018Kafkas Harekat\u0131, 1821-1921, T\u00fcrk-Kafkas S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki Harplerin Tarihi, Ankara, 1966, s. 66-69.<\/p>\n

K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131, \u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n imhas\u0131 ve \u00c7erkes soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sava\u015f sonu Kafkasya \u00f6n\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir Rus g\u00fcc\u00fc birikmi\u015f oldu. Serbest kalan bu Rus birlikleri \u00f6nce \u0130mam \u015eamil\u2019<\/strong>in \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcler, \u015eamil ve \u00c7erkesya\u2019daki naibi Muhammed Emin<\/strong> 1859\u2019da, birer anla\u015fma ile Ruslara teslim oldular. S\u0131ra, Ruslara boyun e\u011fmemi\u015f olan Bat\u0131 \u00c7erkesya Adigelerine gelmi\u015fti. 300 bin mevcutlu koca Rus Ordusu sava\u015f yorgunu ve umars\u0131z Adigelerin \u00fczerine \u00e7ulland\u0131 (1859).<\/p>\n

\u00dcst\u00fcn Rus g\u00fc\u00e7leri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Kuban ve Laba \u0131rmaklar\u0131 boyundaki Bjedugh, K\u2019emguy, Besleney, Kuban Kabardey vb <\/strong>ile daha sonra Maykop dolaylar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan kalabal\u0131k Abzeghler <\/strong>(\u0410\u0431\u0434\u0437\u0430\u0445; 260 bin n.)<\/em> 2 Aral\u0131k 1859\u2019da, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, Anapa ve Novorossiysk (\u04261\u044d\u043c\u044d\u0437) dolaylar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan ve yine kalabal\u0131k bir topluluk olan Natuhaylar<\/strong> (1864’te yakla\u015f\u0131k 240 bin n.) da 10 Ocak 1860\u2019da Ruslara boyun e\u011fdiler.<\/p>\n

Rus generalleri 1860\u2019da Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Natuhay<\/strong>, Shapsugh<\/strong> (300 bin n.), Wub\u0131h<\/strong> (y. 100 bin n.) ve Cigetlerin<\/strong> (Sadzlar; y. 17 bin n.)<\/em> yerlerinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmalar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n kendi y\u00f6netimlerindeki Kuban Irma\u011f\u0131 boylar\u0131ndaki batakl\u0131kl\u0131 d\u00fczl\u00fcklere yerle\u015ftirilmeleri ya da \u2018isterlerse\u2019 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilmeleri karar\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f, bunu \u0130mparator\u2019a onaylatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131, ancak 1861\u2019de Kafkasya\u2019daki Rus birliklerinin komutan\u0131 General Yedokimov<\/strong>, 1859\u2019da Abzeghlerle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 bozdu ve Abzeghlere sald\u0131rd\u0131 (*). Sald\u0131r\u0131, Abzeghlerin de s\u00fcr\u00fclecekleri anlam\u0131na geliyordu.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki Adigeler i\u00e7in al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan 1860 tarihli karar\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fletildi\u011fi ve Abzeghleri de kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f oldu. Nitekim, Maykop yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki Hamketi istihkam\u0131n\u0131 ziyaret eden \u0130mparator II. Aleksandr<\/strong>, \u201cAbzeghler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeniz i\u00e7in size bir ay s\u00fcre tan\u0131yorum. Ya Kuban Irma\u011f\u0131 boylar\u0131nda g\u00f6sterece\u011fimiz yerlere yerle\u015finiz ya da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 ediniz\u201d <\/em><\/strong>diyerek karar\u0131 Eyl\u00fcl 1861\u2019de Abzeghlere tebli\u011f etmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n

Ruslar\u0131n niyet ve karar\u0131n\u0131 bilen Abzegh, Shapsugh ve Wub\u0131hlar 1861\u2019de birle\u015fip \u2018Adige Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Meclisi\u2019 <\/strong>ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda ortak bir y\u00f6netim kurdular ve topraklar\u0131n\u0131 savunma karar\u0131 ald\u0131lar (**).<\/p>\n

Direni\u015f 1863 y\u0131l\u0131na de\u011fin s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde, top\u00e7u ate\u015fi deste\u011finde Adige k\u00f6yleri ku\u015fat\u0131l\u0131p bas\u0131l\u0131yor, ate\u015fe veriliyor,direnenler \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor, direnmeyenler ya da yakalananlar esir kamplar\u0131na al\u0131n\u0131p k\u0131y\u0131ya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor ve oradan deniz yoluyla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6nderiliyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

A\u011fustos 1863\u2019te Abzeghler Rus ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 kabul ederek sava\u015ftan \u00e7ekildiler, Ruslar\u0131n g\u00f6sterdikleri yerlere yerle\u015fmeye ya da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Ekim sonu ya da Kas\u0131m 1863\u2019te Shapsughlar da T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeyi kabul ederek sava\u015fa son verdiler. Var\u0131lan ate\u015fkes anla\u015fmas\u0131na g\u00f6re,-k\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131 gere\u011fi- Shapsughlara 6 Mart 1864 g\u00fcn\u00fc ak\u015fam\u0131na de\u011fin yerlerinde kalma izni verildi. 7 Mart 1864 g\u00fcn\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak, bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumdaki b\u00fct\u00fcn Shapsugh k\u00f6yleri bir bir ate\u015fe verilerek yak\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Wub\u0131hlar ise, k\u0131\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131 nedeniyle harekata son verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131ndan ve Ruslar\u0131n da kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131ndan uzakta olmalar\u0131ndan yararlanarak\u00a0 beklemeyi ye\u011flediler.<\/p>\n

Shapsugh b\u00f6lgesi \u00fczerinden ilerlemeye ba\u015flayan Rus birlikleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, Wub\u0131h, Ciget ve Ah\u00e7ipsular 24 Mart 1864\u2019te, direnen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Aibga<\/strong> k\u00f6y toplulu\u011fu da 12 May\u0131s 1864\u2019te Ruslara boyun e\u011fdi.<\/strong> 21 May\u0131s 1864\u2019te Mz\u0131mta Irma\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131s\u0131ndaki Kbaada Yaylas\u0131\u2019<\/strong>nda (\u201c1\u0430\u0442\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u201d\/Atquadj\/Atkuac k\u00f6y\u00fc)<\/em> bir dini ve askeri t\u00f6ren d\u00fczenleyen Ruslar, Rus-Kafkas Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kendi zaferleriyle sona erdi\u011fini ilan ettiler. Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ile Abzegh b\u00f6lgesinin tamam\u0131 Adige n\u00fcfusundan bo\u015falt\u0131ld\u0131. Abzeghlerin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile Sahpsugh ve Wub\u0131hlar\u0131n \u00e7ok az\u0131 Ruslar\u0131n g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi Kuban topraklar\u0131na yerle\u015ftiler. Ciget ve Ah\u00e7ipsular ise di\u011fer Adigelere kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. \u00c7o\u011funluk, Bat\u0131 Adigelerinin % 95\u2019ten daha fazlas\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6nderildi. Bu olay, modern tarihin kaydetti\u011fi ve bir ulusal toplulu\u011fu\/bir ulusal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yok etme olay\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen \u00a0ilk soyk\u0131r\u0131m\/jenosit olay\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsana kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen bu soyk\u0131r\u0131m su\u00e7un sorumlusu Rusya\u2019d\u0131r, ancak Rusya ile anla\u015farak Adigelerin s\u00fcr\u00fclmelerine destek \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, Adigey\u2019in bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulundu\u011fu ve onlar\u0131 bir ulusal varl\u0131k olu\u015fturamayacak bi\u00e7imde ve kas\u0131tl\u0131 olarak da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131, Adigeleri d\u00f6rt bir yana s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve bir ulusun ulusal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesi olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yok etti\u011fi i\u00e7in Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, soyk\u0131r\u0131ma ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcne bilerek ses \u00e7\u0131karmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkeler de tali \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerde sorumludurlar. Bu sorumluluklar, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmemi\u015f olarak, hala ortada yerdedir.<\/p>\n

Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

(*) <\/strong> \u201c\u00c7erkes d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve sorunlar\u201d, 5 ve 6 nolu yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z, 19. 04. 2009 ve 30. 05. 009, CC yazarlar\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc. -HCY<\/p>\n

(**) <\/strong> \u00c7\u2019\u0131r\u011f Ashad, \u2018Meclis \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn m\u00fccadelecisiydi\u2019, internet.
\nHak\u2019u\u00e7lar\u0131n (\u0425\u044ca\u043a1\u0443\u0446\u0443) direni\u015fi
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ana \u00c7erkes topluklar\u0131n\u0131n boyun e\u011fmi\u015f olmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 boyunca uzanan da\u011flar\u0131n orta \u00fcst vadilerinde ya\u015fayan ve tamamen ku\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyadan kopmu\u015f durumda olan Hak\u2019u\u00e7lar<\/strong> (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043a1\u0443\u0446\u0443)<\/em> Ruslara boyun e\u011fmediler. Hak\u2019u\u00e7 direni\u015fi, bir y\u0131ldan \u00e7ok s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Nitekim, Haziran 1865\u2019te 8-9 bin kadar Hak\u2019u\u00e7 direni\u015f\u00e7i kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Rus komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na rapor ediliyordu. Sert bir direni\u015fte bulunan Hak\u2019u\u00e7lar, 1865 y\u0131l\u0131 sonbahar\u0131nda, Rus askeri birliklerince daralt\u0131lan bir \u00e7ember i\u00e7ine al\u0131nd\u0131lar ve 80 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klanan bir harekat\u0131n sonunda yok edildiler, ama 1870\u2019li y\u0131llara de\u011fin, Rus birlikleri, ara ara k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Hak\u2019u\u00e7 kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ile de kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabiliyorlard\u0131 (*).<\/p>\n

Hak\u2019u\u00e7 direni\u015fi ve onlar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 korku nedeniyle Ruslar\u0131n \u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n Karadeniz b\u00f6lgesine yerle\u015fmeleri, en az 15-20 y\u0131l gecikmi\u015f, buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak da do\u011fa vah\u015file\u015fmi\u015f ve eski ekili yerler saptanamaz olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7erkesya topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yabanc\u0131 yerle\u015fimcileri “dost\u00e7a” kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor (**).
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

(*) <\/strong>Bkz. T. V. Polovinkina, \u2018\u00c7erkesya G\u00f6n\u00fcl Yaram\u2019, Ankara, 2007, s. 281-288; Jineps, Eyl\u00fcl-Ek 1; ayr\u0131ca Vikipedi-\u201cAdigey\u201d, \u201cHak\u2019u\u00e7\u201d, \u201c\u015eahe\u201d, \u201cAibga\u201d, internet.<\/p>\n

(**) <\/strong> 1992\u2019de, \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e\/So\u00e7i\u2019de bana, \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e\u2019den s\u0131k s\u0131k havalanan ke\u015fif helikopterlerinin, hala, g\u00fczel manzaral\u0131 ve uygun yerleri ve eski ekili alanlar\u0131 havadan saptamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, saptanan yerlere, derhal siteler kuruldu\u011fu ve bu yerlere devlet\u00e7e Ruslar\u0131n yerle\u015ftirildi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

1864 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc ve B\u00fcy\u00fck n\u00fcfus \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

1864 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki Rus istilas\u0131 sonucu, 2 milyon dolay\u0131nda olan Adige n\u00fcfusu i\u00e7inden (*), <\/em>Adige tarih\u00e7isi Dr. Abreg Almir\u2019<\/strong>e g\u00f6re, 1864\u2019te Kafkasya\u2019da 80 bin Adige kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (eski n\u00fcfusun % 4\u2019\u00fc)<\/em>. Bir ba\u015fka Adige tarih\u00e7i Hotko Samir<\/strong>\u2019e g\u00f6re de ertesi y\u0131l, 1865\u2019te say\u0131 51 bin d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc (eski n\u00fcfusun % 2. 5)<\/em> .<\/p>\n

Kuzeyde Kuban Irma\u011f\u0131 a\u011fz\u0131ndan ba\u015flay\u0131p g\u00fcneyde, \u015fimdiki Abhazya\u2019da bulunan Bz\u0131b Irma\u011f\u0131na (Pitsunda\u2019ya)<\/em> de\u011fin uzanan \u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ve Kuban Irma\u011f\u0131 havzas\u0131ndaki da\u011flarda ya\u015famakta olan Adigeler topraklar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu talihsiz insanlar ya T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ya da insan kasaplar\u0131n\u0131n elinde ya da s\u00fcrg\u00fcn yollar\u0131nda can vermi\u015flerdir<\/strong>. Bunlar\u0131n \u00e7ok az\u0131na yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmek bi\u00e7iminde Kafkasya\u2019da kalmas\u0131na izin verilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7erkesya’n\u0131n 1861 y\u0131l\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Ruslarca i\u015fgal edilen kesimi, b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle insans\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, bu b\u00f6lgeler uzun bir s\u00fcre “Kuban Rus Ordusu Y\u00f6netimi B\u00f6lgesi” <\/strong>olarak askeri bir yasak b\u00f6lge olarak, silahl\u0131 Kazaklar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, sivil yerle\u015fmelere kapal\u0131 tutulmu\u015ftur (**).
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

(*)<\/strong> Bkz. \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi, \u201c\u00c7erkesler\u201d maddesi, Mirza Bala; T. V. Polovinkina, \u00c7erkesya G\u00f6n\u00fcl Yaram, s. 137, Prof. Dr. A. H. \u015eevgen de 2 milyon n\u00fcfusu kabul etmektedir; Prof. Dr. K. Karpat’a g\u00f6reyse, Adige n\u00fcfusu 2 milyondan da fazlayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

(**)<\/strong> 1783’te Kuban Irma\u011f\u0131 kuzeyinde de ayn\u0131 politika uygulanm\u0131\u015f, buradaki Nogay ve Adigelere soyk\u0131r\u0131m uygulanm\u0131\u015f ve bu geni\u015f tarihi Adige topraklar\u0131 10 y\u0131l s\u00fcreyle sivil yerle\u015fime kapal\u0131 tutulmu\u015f, Ruslar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00fcvenli bir ortam olu\u015ftuktan sonra Kazak\/Rus yerle\u015fimine a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n kolonize edilmesi ve Adige n\u00fcfus \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

1864\u2019teki 2 milyonluk Adige n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131na yak\u0131n bir n\u00fcfusun sava\u015f ve g\u00f6\u00e7 yolunda yok oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir (*)<\/em>. Adigelerden bo\u015falt\u0131lan yerler Rus yerle\u015fimcilere tahsis edildi.<\/p>\n

Orta Kuban<\/strong> ve Orta Laba<\/strong> solundaki (**) <\/em>s\u0131tma yata\u011f\u0131 ve batakl\u0131k olan yerlerde ya\u015fayan ve say\u0131lar\u0131 1864\u2019te 80 bine d\u00fc\u015fen Adigelerin, normal ko\u015fullarda ve normal bir n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re, 1897’de 200 bine y\u00fckselmeleri beklenebilirdi. O y\u0131llarda Adigeler do\u011furgan ve \u00e7ok \u00e7ocukluydular. Ama say\u0131, yeni bask\u0131lar ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya\/T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7e zorlamalar nedeniyle, 200 bine y\u00fckselecek yerde, say\u0131 30 bine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc<\/strong>. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc 1864 y\u0131l\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Adigelere, 1890\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llara de\u011fin s\u00fcren ikinci bir etnik temizlik politikas\u0131<\/strong> uygulanm\u0131\u015f, Adige n\u00fcfus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu planl\u0131 olarak ve a\u015fama a\u015fama kafileler halinde T\u00fcrkiye’ye g\u00f6nderilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1897\u2019de, Batalpa\u015finsk<\/strong> (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7erkessk)<\/em> y\u00f6resinde 13 bin \u00c7erkes (\u0428\u044d\u0440\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0441) ve 12. 5 bin Abaza, Kabardiya\u2019da da 98. 5 bin kadar bir Adige\/Kabardey n\u00fcfusunun bulundu\u011funu da belirtmeliyiz (Bu durumda, 1897\u2019de Kafkasya\u2019daki toplam Adige\/Abaza say\u0131s\u0131 150 bin dolay\u0131nda idi). <\/em> \u00c7erkesce’de \u201cDeli pe\u015fine d\u00fc\u015fmesin bir\u201d<\/em><\/strong> (\u0414\u044d\u0439\u043b\u044d\u043c \u0435\u0440\u044b\u0449\u044d\u0443 \u0443\u0435\u0440\u044d\u043c\u044b\u04481) <\/em>diye bir deyim vard\u0131r. Ruslar da, her \u015feyi bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131p bu bir avu\u00e7 zavall\u0131 Adige ile u\u011fra\u015fmay\u0131 adeta \u2018meslek\u2019 haline getirmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n

Kuban oblast\u0131ndaki iskanlar s\u0131ras\u0131nda Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgesinden ve Abzegh topraklar\u0131ndan s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olan Adige ailelerine 70 d\u00f6n\u00fcm (7 desyatin), <\/em>Rus yerle\u015fimci ailelere de 330 d\u00f6n\u00fcm (33 desyatin)<\/em> dolay\u0131nda toprak veriliyordu. Bu nedenle bir\u00e7ok Adige ailesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretlerle ya da bo\u011faz toklu\u011funa Kazaklara \u0131rgatl\u0131k yapma durumuna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Ancak bir\u00e7ok enerjik Adige ailesi, imece dayan\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yoluyla batakl\u0131klar\u0131 kurutarak topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeyi ve verimli topraklar elde etmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (***).
\nBilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

(*) <\/strong>Bu arada baz\u0131 Rus yazarlar\u0131 ile yerli i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ilerinin, Adigelerin say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kasten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck g\u00f6sterdikleri ve Ruslara ho\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 da bilinmelidir.<\/p>\n

(**) <\/strong> Kuban\u2019\u0131n orta sol k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ile Maykop\u2019tan ge\u00e7en \u015ehagua\u015fe\/Belaya<\/strong> Irma\u011f\u0131<\/strong> ile daha do\u011fudaki Laba Irma\u011f\u0131<\/strong> aras\u0131ndaki topraklar. Buralar\u0131 Adige yerle\u015fimine kontrollu olarak tahsis edilen yerlerdir.<\/p>\n

(***) <\/strong> 1864\u2019te, Kuban ve Laba solunda ve \u00c7erkessk y\u00f6resinde ya\u015fayan Adigeler, 1864 y\u0131l\u0131 sonras\u0131nda yeniden g\u00f6\u00e7e zorlanmam\u0131\u015f olsalard\u0131, Kabardiya Kabardeyleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Adige, \u00c7erkes\/\u0428\u044d\u0440\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0441-Shapsugh\/\u015eaps\u0131\u011f ve Abaza say\u0131s\u0131, \u015fimdiki 240 bin n\u00fcfus yerine, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir olas\u0131l\u0131kla, yeniden 1 milyona ula\u015facakt\u0131. Say\u0131 Kabardeylerle birlikte 2 milyona yakla\u015facak, Kara\u00e7ay, Balkar, Nogay vd karde\u015f topluluklarla birlikte say\u0131, 2 milyonu a\u015fm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131. Bunu hesaplayan Ruslar, 100 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden \u00f6nlemlerini alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Konunun uzmanlar\u0131nca daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve derinli\u011fine incelenmesinde yarar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc toplam Adige say\u0131s\u0131 700 bin, di\u011fer karde\u015f topluluklarla, yani Abaza, Nogay, Kara\u00e7ay, Balkarlarla birlikte 1, 1 milyon dolay\u0131ndad\u0131r. Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n Rusya\u2019daki toplam say\u0131s\u0131 da 7 milyona yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, 1864 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc bittikten sonraki Adige n\u00fcfus kayb\u0131, zamana yay\u0131larak de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, en az 1 milyondur.<\/p>\n

Adige n\u00fcfusunun azalt\u0131l\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imi
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Normal ko\u015fullarda 200 bin olmas\u0131 beklenen \u015fimdiki \u201cAdigey\u201d ve Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u201cShapsughya\u201d y\u00f6releri Adigelerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, 1897\u2019de 30 bine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftik. Orta Kuban ve Orta Laba \u0131rmaklar\u0131 boyunda, yay bi\u00e7imindeki bir ince \u015ferit \u00fczerinde, 300 km boyunca uzanan ve kimselerin be\u011fenmedi\u011fi ve s\u0131tma yata\u011f\u0131 bir \u00f6l\u00fcm tarlas\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011finde olan bu yeni Adige yerle\u015ftirme alanlar\u0131ndaki batakl\u0131klar\u0131n, \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re tar\u0131mda ileri, yetenekli, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkan ki\u015filer olan Adigeler taraf\u0131ndan, imece (haf\u0131)<\/em> dayan\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yoluyla k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede kanallar kaz\u0131l\u0131p kurutularak ve su bentleri yap\u0131l\u0131p tarlalara su g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclerek, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve verimli tarlalara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcklerini belirtmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylece bir\u00e7ok Adige ailesi, Ruslar\u0131n \u0131rgatlar\u0131, yar\u0131c\u0131 ya da kirac\u0131lar\u0131 olmaktan kurtulup Kazaklarla e\u015fit bir ekonomik d\u00fczeye eri\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O s\u0131ralar Adigelerin Kazak ve Ruslarla aralar\u0131 iyiydi. Ayr\u0131ca Adigeler, askeri denetimden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p Kazaklarla birlikte, hukuken e\u015fit ko\u015fullarda Rus askeri-sivil yerel y\u00f6netimlere ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. S\u0131k\u0131 y\u00f6netim kalkm\u0131\u015f ve biraz olsun bir nefes al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu geli\u015fme \u00fczerine, Kuban oblast\u0131n\u0131n gerici y\u00f6neticileri, Adigelerin yeniden toparlanmalar\u0131ndan kayg\u0131lanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar ve kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlem alma, tar\u0131ma kazand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f verimli topraklar\u0131 Adigelerin elinden kapma planlar\u0131 yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Tarih\u00e7i T. V. Polovinkina<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n da belirtti\u011fi gibi, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndan s\u00fcr\u00fclerek Kuban ve Laba \u0131rmaklar\u0131 boylar\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olan bu Adigeler (1) <\/em>, \u00f6nceleri, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Ama \u00fcst y\u00f6netim bu insanlara Kazak \u00e7etelerini ve ba\u015f\u0131bozuklar\u0131 \u201cmusallat\u201d etti, <\/strong>dahas\u0131 bu ki\u015filerce \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen Rus cesetleri bile, Adige k\u00f6y s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7ine at\u0131l\u0131p cinayetten Adigeler \u2018sorumlu tutulmaya\u2019 ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, bu topraklar, Adigelerin elinden al\u0131n\u0131p, emekli askerlere ve Kazaklara da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmaya, Adigeler<\/strong> de, a\u015fama a\u015fama T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131<\/strong>. Kanallar kaz\u0131p topra\u011f\u0131 \u0131slah eden \u00c7erkesler, \u201ctembel, yerine \u0131s\u0131namam\u0131\u015f, akrabalar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de olan, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye gitmek i\u00e7in can atan, bu y\u00fczden de Rus y\u00f6netimini benimsemeyen, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 izni verilirse rahatlayacak olan \u00a0kimseler\u201d<\/strong> olarak \u00fcst makamlara rapor ediliyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sonunda Orta Laba y\u00f6resinde ya\u015fayan Adigelere y\u00f6nelik ikinci bir etnik temizlik karar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131: Kas\u0131m 1889\u2019da, Laba k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ve Maykop il\u00e7esinde yerle\u015fik 24 bin Adige\u2019nin 230 bin desyatin (yakla\u015f\u0131k 2, 5<\/em> milyon d\u00f6n\u00fcm)<\/em> tutar\u0131ndaki topra\u011f\u0131na el konulmas\u0131na, toprak sahiplerinin de birka\u00e7 a\u015famada T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilmelerine, el konulan topraklar\u0131n emekli askerlere ve Kazaklara da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir Rus H\u00fck\u00fcmet karar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe sokuldu <\/strong>(2). <\/em>G\u00f6\u00e7 sonras\u0131, Orta Laba y\u00f6resinde ya da Kafkasya tamam\u0131nda sadece bir tek Abzegh k\u00f6y\u00fc (Hakurnehabl)<\/em><\/strong> kald\u0131. Orta Kuban y\u00f6resinde de iki ya da \u00fc\u00e7 Shapsugh k\u00f6y\u00fc (\u015fimdi 4 k\u00f6y)<\/em> kald\u0131. Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda da, sonralar\u0131 (1870-80\u2019lerde)<\/em> olu\u015fmu\u015f birka\u00e7 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Shapsugh k\u00f6y\u00fc (\u015fimdi 14 k\u00f6y)<\/em> tutunabildi (3). <\/em>Wub\u0131h k\u00f6y\u00fc ise hi\u00e7 kalmad\u0131. Wub\u0131hlar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 ettiler ya da di\u011fer Adigelere kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar (4).
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Orta Kuban ve Orta Laba solundaki yar\u0131 feodal topluluklar (Bjedugh, K\u2019emguy ve Kuban Kabardey, vd)<\/em> o yerler Adigelerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu. Bunlar o yerlerin daha eski yerle\u015fikleri olduklar\u0131, belki de kendi derebeylerinin (p\u015f\u0131)<\/em> Rus makamlar\u0131yla kurmu\u015f olduklar\u0131 \u201ciyi ili\u015fkiler\u201d sonucu , ekonomik ve demografik varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 korumay\u0131 daha fazla ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

1864 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 izleyen yeni \u2018g\u00f6\u00e7ler\u2019 sonucu, Kubanl\u0131 Adigeler\u2019in n\u00fcfusu gibi, tar\u0131m topraklar\u0131 da azald\u0131, topra\u011f\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu Adigelerden al\u0131nd\u0131 (5).
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

(1)<\/strong> Shapsugh, Wub\u0131h, Abzegh, vb<\/p>\n

(2) <\/strong>Ali Kasumov-Hasan Kasumov, \u2018\u00c7erkes Soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131\u2019, s. 294-298.<\/p>\n

(3) <\/strong> Karadeniz guberniya’daki\/ildeki Shapsugh n\u00fcfusu 1897’de 1. 939 idi), Wub\u0131h k\u00f6y\u00fc ise hi\u00e7 kalmad\u0131. Wub\u0131hlar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 ettiler ya da di\u011fer Adigelere kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar (3).<\/p>\n

(4) <\/strong> Wub\u0131hlar , 1864 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcnden \u00f6nce, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e merkezli bir y\u00f6rede ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ruslar 2014 \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e\/So\u00e7i olimpiyatlar\u0131 nedeniyle \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e tarihinden s\u00f6z ederken Grek ve Osmanl\u0131 adlar\u0131n\u0131 say\u0131yorlar, ama y\u00f6renin yerli halk\u0131 olan Adige\/Wub\u0131h ad\u0131na ise sans\u00fcr uyguluyor, inkar ve gizleme politikas\u0131 uyguluyorlar.<\/p>\n

(5) <\/strong> 1920\u2019lerde, \u015fimdiki Adige, \u00c7erkes, Abaza ve Shapsughlar\u0131n elinde fiilen 1. 400-2000 km. kare ya da 1, 4 milyon ile 2 milyon d\u00f6n\u00fcm kadar tahmin edilen bir arazi kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131; eski \u00c7erkesya topraklar\u0131n\u0131n % 2\u2019si kadar. Yani Adigelere n\u00fcfuslar\u0131na \u2018 denk d\u00fc\u015fen\u2019 bir toprak b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 denebilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f ve Sovyetler d\u00f6nemi
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eubat 1917\u2019de Rus \u0130mparatorluk y\u00f6netimi devrildi. Yeni iktidara ba\u011fl\u0131 yerel y\u00f6netimler kuruldu. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmetler az\u0131nl\u0131ktaki Adigeleri de i\u00e7ine alan yerel Kuban h\u00fck\u00fcmeti <\/strong>ile daha do\u011fuda Terek ve Da\u011f\u0131stan oblastlar\u0131 topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde kurulan yerel Terek-Da\u011f\u0131stan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti<\/strong> idi. Terek-Da\u011f\u0131stan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti b\u00f6lgesinde Kara\u00e7ay, Kabardey, Balkar, Oset, \u0130ngu\u015f, \u00c7e\u00e7en ve Da\u011f\u0131stanl\u0131lar ile Ruslar\/Kazaklar ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu iki yerel h\u00fck\u00fcmet Ekim devrimi sonucu kurulan Sovyet iktidar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mad\u0131, yerel Don b\u00f6lgesi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ile \u2018G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Birli\u011fi h\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda birle\u015fti.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda, k\u0131z\u0131llarla \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere, soylular komutas\u0131nda Adige s\u00fcvari birlikleri<\/strong> olu\u015fturuldu. Asl\u0131nda Adigeler, genellikle a politik idiler, kapal\u0131 ve izole bir ya\u015fam s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Beyaz Adige s\u00fcvari birliklerinin askerleri ve aileleri, sava\u015f\u0131 Sovyetlerin kazanmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00fclkeyi terk ettiler. \u0130\u00e7 sava\u015f nedeniyle, sadece1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda ya\u015fanan k\u0131z\u0131l\/bol\u015fevik ter\u00f6re 4 bin dolay\u0131nda kurban verildi, \u00f6zellikle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir etnik topluluk i\u00e7in bu t\u00fcr rakamlar, n\u00fcfusun onda biri ya da y\u0131k\u0131m demekti (*). <\/em>Ku\u015fkusuz beyaz birlikler de katliamlar yapmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Genel sonucu bir inceleyelim: 1864 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye \u2018g\u00f6\u00e7\u2019 etmeyip Kafkasya\u2019da kalm\u0131\u015f olan Adige say\u0131s\u0131 80 bin olarak tahmin ediliyor (**). <\/em>1864\u2019ten 2002\u2019ye uzayan 138 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcre\u00e7te, 80 bin say\u0131s\u0131, normal bir art\u0131\u015fla 1 milyon kadar olmal\u0131yd\u0131, oysa say\u0131 128, 528\u2019de kalm\u0131\u015f, sadece 1. 5 kat artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rsak, ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde 40 bin olan Kabardeyler (13 kat)<\/em>, 1944 y\u0131l\u0131 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc trajedisini ya\u015fayan, 1860\u2019larda 10 bin n\u00fcfuslu olan Balkarlar (11 kat) <\/em>ve Kara\u00e7aylar 10 kat\u0131n \u00fczerinde artm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 1897 y\u0131l\u0131 ile 2002 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, yani 105 y\u0131lda ise, Adige n\u00fcfusu 4. 6 kat ya da 30 binden 140. 5 bine y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir (128. 5 bin Adige+ 12 bin Shapsugh). <\/em><\/p>\n

2002\u2019 de, RF i\u00e7indeki 128. 528 Adige (AC)<\/em> ve 12 bin (resmi 3, 231) Shapsugh n\u00fcfusuna, 519. 958 Kabardey (KBC)<\/em> ve 60. 517 \u00c7erkes (K\u00c7C)<\/em> n\u00fcfusu da eklendi\u011finde 700 binin biraz \u00fczerinde bir rakam elde edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

(*)<\/strong> Kim \u015eibzuh, \u201c\u00c7erkesya Deh\u015fet \u0130\u00e7inde\u201d, internet.<\/p>\n

(**) <\/strong> Dr. Almir Abreg, \u2018Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze Kafkaslar\u0131n Trajedisi\u201d, \u0130stanbul, 2006, s. 43)<\/p>\n

\u00d6zerklik d\u00f6nemindeki n\u00fcfus oynamalar\u0131
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

1926\u2019da 50. 821 olan Adigey\u2019in Adige n\u00fcfusu, 33 y\u0131lda, yani 1959\u2019da 65. 908\u2019e y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir (15. 087 ya da % 29. 68 art\u0131\u015f). <\/em> N\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131ndaki bu \u00f6nemli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn bir nedeni, kollektifle\u015ftirme ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da ki\u015finin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamplar\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve oralarda telef olmas\u0131 ve politik infazlar ise, bir nedeni de \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck Adige n\u00fcfus kayb\u0131d\u0131r (1).
\n<\/em>B\u00fcy\u00fck Ad\u0131ge yazar\u0131 Tembot K\u2019era\u015f<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n \u2018Mutluluk Yolu\u2019<\/strong> adl\u0131 roman\u0131, Adigelerin bu kollektifle\u015ftirmeye ve Sovyet iktidar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterdikleri tepki ve direni\u015fleri, sanatsal bir ustal\u0131kla sergilemektedir (2).<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan Adigelerin Alman i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 verilen sava\u015fta, en az\u0131ndan 15 bin kay\u0131p verdikleri de bilinmektedir, ki bu da, o zamanki erkek n\u00fcfusunun yar\u0131dan \u00e7o\u011fu ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir halk i\u00e7in katliam boyutunda bir y\u0131k\u0131m demektir (3). Adigey, \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’nda koca cumhuriyet ve kraylar\u0131 a\u015farak \u00e7ok say\u0131da SSCB kahraman\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f bir y\u00f6redir. Pseyt\u0131ku<\/strong> k\u00f6y\u00fc \u015fehitli\u011fi bir ba\u015f\u0131na buna bir kan\u0131tt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu arada toplu s\u00fcg\u00fcn, tutuklama ve politik infazlar\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fu ve bunlar\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131mlar da unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r (4).<\/p>\n

Daha sonra, 1959\u2019dan 2002\u2019ye de\u011fin, yani 43 y\u0131lda, Adigey\u2019in Adige n\u00fcfusu, 65. 908 \u2018den 108. 115\u2019e ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: % 64 art\u0131\u015f. Oysa ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Balkar n\u00fcfusu 34. 088\u2019den 104. 951\u2019e (% 208 art\u0131\u015f<\/em>), Kara\u00e7ay n\u00fcfusu 67. 830\u2019dan 169. 198\u2019e (% 149 art\u0131\u015f)<\/em>, Kabartay n\u00fcfusu da 190. 284\u2019ten 498. 702\u2019ye (% 162 art\u0131\u015f) y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir (5).
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) <\/strong> B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu topraks\u0131z ya da az toprakl\u0131 yoksul k\u00f6yl\u00fc ya da topraks\u0131z k\u00f6yl\u00fc olan Kabardey, Kara\u00e7ay ve Balkar k\u00f6yl\u00fclerinin aksine; olduk\u00e7a geli\u015fmi\u015f bir tar\u0131ma, i\u00e7 iskan sonucu k\u00f6le n\u00fcfusu da devlet\u00e7e toprakland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan, bu nedenle olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f aile arazilerine, aile ba\u015f\u0131na ortalama 100 d\u00f6n\u00fcm dolay\u0131nda araziye ve otlaklara sahip olan tutucu, dindar ve devrim kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 Adigey Adigeleri, y\u00f6redeki, yine arazi sahibi olan kom\u015fu Ruslar ile birlikte, kolektivizasyona, yani toprak ve hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131p kolhoz \u00e7iftliklerine verilmesine ve kendilerinin de, fiilen toprak \u0131rgatlar\u0131 konumuna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmelerine, ku\u015fkusuz sert tepkiler g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdi<\/p>\n

(2) <\/strong> Tembot K\u2019era\u015f\u2019\u0131n \u2018Mutluluk Yolu\u2019 roman\u0131 \u00e7evirisi i\u00e7in Bkz. CC\/\u00f6yk\u00fcler; Tembot K\u2019era\u015f i\u00e7in de \u2018Tembot K\u2019era\u015f\u2019-Vikipedi; Tembot K\u2019era\u015f: Adige Ulusunu Anlatan Yazar, CC \u015eairlerimiz Yazarlar\u0131m\u0131z.<\/p>\n

(3) <\/strong> Kafda\u011f\u0131 dergisi, Ankara, 1991, say\u0131 49-50, s. 27.<\/p>\n

(4) <\/strong> Sadece bir \u00f6rnek: Stalin d\u00f6neminde, \u015eovgen rayonunda, yani Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na 200-250 km uzakta ve topu topu 50 bin kadar bir n\u00fcfusu bulunan \u201cAd\u0131ge \u00d6zerk Oblast\u0131\u2019n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye ilhak etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak\u201d gibi bir \u201cgerek\u00e7eyle\u201d \u00e7ok say\u0131da e\u011fitimli gen\u00e7 y\u00f6netici idam edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

(5) <\/strong>Bu da Adige halk\u0131n\u0131n, ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r travmalar\u0131 hala atlatamam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyet\u2019e ge\u00e7i\u015f, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 dalgalanma ve yeni sorunlar
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

1988\u2019de patlak veren Azerbaycan\u2019a ba\u011fl\u0131 \u201cDa\u011fl\u0131k Karaba\u011f\u201d<\/strong> sorununa bar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm modeli olu\u015fturmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, \u201cRuslarla sorunu bulunmayan bir toplum olduklar\u0131\u201d de\u011ferlendirmeleriyle ve deneme amac\u0131yla, ilkin \u201cAdigelere bir cumhuriyet kurdurulmas\u0131\u201d<\/strong> ve modelin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 durumunda, \u00f6teki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Sovyet halklar\u0131na, bu arada Karaba\u011f\u2019a da cumhuriyet kurdurulmas\u0131, b\u00f6ylece Sovyetler Birli\u011fi d\u00fczeyinde b\u00fct\u00fcn etnik sorunlar\u0131n k\u00f6kten \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi ve huzurun tesisi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, o zamanki Sovyet \u00fcst y\u00f6netimince, bir \u00e7\u0131kar yol (strateji)<\/em> olarak benimsenmi\u015fti. Bu konsept i\u00e7inde, Ruslar\u0131n g\u00fcvendi\u011fi bir toplum olan Adigelerin \u201ccumhuriyet (devlet)<\/em> kurmalar\u0131\u201d sa\u011flanacakt\u0131. Yani \u015fimdiki ekstremist \u00e7evrelerin, \u00f6rne\u011fin Slaviyanlar Birli\u011fi\u2019nin iddialar\u0131n\u0131n aksine, cumhuriyet , etnik Adigeler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek ve onlar ad\u0131na kurulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Durumu, daha 1988\u2019de, \u0130srail Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Yitzak \u015eAM\u0130R\u2019<\/strong>den bize aktaran da, \u015eamir\u2019in partisinden Kfar-Kama Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Yahya NEPSEV<\/strong> idi (1).<\/p>\n

Nitekim, Adigey, ilkin, Krasnodar Kray\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p arac\u0131s\u0131z Moskova\u2019ya ba\u011fl\u0131 bir \u00f6zerk oblast yap\u0131ld\u0131. Bu arada, konjonkt\u00fcr\u00fcn zorlamas\u0131yla, ilkin sadece Adigeler i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olan program h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve geni\u015fletildi, kapsama, Adigey d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Rusya\u2019daki 3 \u00f6zerk oblast daha dahil edildi:
\nKara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya, Altay ve Hakasya \u00f6zerk oblastlar\u0131 da Adigey ile birlikte, bir paket halinde, 3 Temmuz 1991\u2019de resmen cumhuriyet yap\u0131ld\u0131<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Ancak, s\u0131ra Karaba\u011f\u2019\u0131 cumhuriyet yapmaya gelmeden Sovyetler Birli\u011fi da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131 ve program yar\u0131m kald\u0131. Adigey, bir Federasyon S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong> ile Rusya Federasyonu\u2019na \u2018egemen\u2019 bir devlet olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131. Daha sonra, \u201ckonjonkt\u00fcr\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini, art\u0131k Adigey Cumhuriyeti\u2019ne ve Adigelere gerek kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen baz\u0131 ekstremist\/a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011fc\u0131 \u00fcst d\u00fczey Ruslar, Adigelerin kendi \u00f6z topraklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerinde kurulmu\u015f olan devletini, referandum oyunlar\u0131yla ortadan kald\u0131rmaya kalk\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Ancak Adigeler ve onlarla birlikte hareket eden Adigeyli Rus n\u00fcfus, ayr\u0131ca \u00fcst d\u00fczey demokrat Rus devlet adamlar\u0131, ancak bir bela \u00fcretebilecek olan bu tuza\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fmediler (2) <\/em>. \u2018Adige Halk Kongresi\u2019 <\/strong>de Adigey Cumhuriyeti varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerine yap\u0131lacak olan bir referanduma sadece etnik Adigelerin kat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini, Rus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun da kat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 bir referanduma ise etnik Adigelerin kat\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (3).
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Adigeler, bu \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131\/fa\u015fist giri\u015fimin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda gerekli \u00f6nlemleri almakta gecikmediler (4).<\/p>\n

Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) <\/strong> \u201cJ\u0131neps\u201d gazetesi, say\u0131 19; \u2018Yahya Nepsev ile eski bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme\u2019, internet.<\/p>\n

(2) <\/strong> Referandumlar \u00e7o\u011fu kez g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcn\u00fcn iste\u011fi do\u011frultusunda sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131labilen tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 oylamalard\u0131r; bir halk\u0131n gelece\u011fine ve o halk\u0131n kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 elinden almaya y\u00f6nelik \u2013 negatif – bir oylama ve bu oylamaya, o halktan olmayanlar\u0131n \u2013say\u0131ca \u00e7o\u011funlukta olanlar\u0131n – da kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 durumunda, b\u00f6ylesine bir oylama adil ve demokratik bir oylama say\u0131lamaz; sadece negatif bir ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k olur.<\/p>\n

(3) <\/strong> S\u00f6zkonusu karar metninin tamam\u0131 i\u00e7in Bkz. \u2018Adige Halk Kongresi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc toplant\u0131s\u0131 karar\u0131d\u0131r\u2019, CC Tarih b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, internet.<\/p>\n

(4) <\/strong>21 May\u0131s 2006\u2019da toplanan \u2018Adige Halk Kongresi\u2019 Adigey\u2019in Adige yerli halk\u0131n\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 kesin bir g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alan bir Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda da bulunmu\u015ftur. Mevcut AC anayasaya g\u00f6re de referandum karar\u0131 almak zordur, bunun i\u00e7in Adigey Parlamentosu\u2019nun nitelikli \u00e7o\u011funlukla iki kez karar almas\u0131 gerekir. Demokrasi korundu\u011fu s\u00fcrece de, Adigeler aleyhinde bir referandum karar\u0131 al\u0131namaz.
\nKrasnodar Kray y\u00f6netiminin \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Krasnodar Kray y\u00f6netiminin Shapsughlar\u0131n yasal haklar\u0131n\u0131 engellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve engelledi\u011fi, Adigeylilere kar\u015f\u0131 olumsuz tav\u0131rlar i\u00e7ine girdi\u011fi, baz\u0131 Ruslar\u0131 (\u00f6zellikle ekstremist ve l\u00fcmpen Kazaklar\u0131<\/em>) Adige ve Shapsughlara kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tehditler savurdu\u011fu biliniyor (1)<\/em>. Ayr\u0131ca, Tahtamukay ve Tev\u00e7oj rayonlar\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Krasnodar kenti hastanelerinin, Adigeyli a\u011f\u0131r hastalar\u0131 bile yabanc\u0131 say\u0131p kabul etmedi\u011fi, acil durumlarda bile, 200 km uzakl\u0131ktaki Maykop hastanelerini adres olarak g\u00f6sterdikleri ya da fahi\u015f \u00fccretler talep ettikleri; Kray\u2019\u0131n ticari engellemelerde bulundu\u011fu s\u00f6yleniyor. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar AC’nin Krasnodar Kray\u2019a eklenmesi politikas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zendirici program\u0131n bir gere\u011fi olabilir mi? \u00a0(2).
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Bu arada \u2018Ah\u0131ska (Mesheti) <\/em>T\u00fcrklerine\u2019<\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131 h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131n kedi<\/strong> tavr\u0131 sergileyebilen o zamanki AC y\u00f6netimi, Rus yerle\u015fimciler s\u00f6zkonusu oldu\u011funda ise, uysal kuzuya<\/strong> d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febiliyordu. Bu da AC\u2019ni i\u015flevsiz (g\u00fcd\u00fck)<\/em> bir kurulu\u015fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. Bu bak\u0131mdan y\u00f6neticilere ve b\u00fcrokratlara g\u00fcven (\u0446\u044b\u0445\u044c\u044d) iyice azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (3).<\/p>\n

Ancak Krasnodar Valisi gerici\/a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i Vali D\u0130YAKONOV<\/strong>\u2019un gitmesi, demokrat Aleksandr TKA\u00c7EV<\/strong>\u2019in gelmesiyle, baz\u0131 olumlu ad\u0131mlar da at\u0131ld\u0131, s\u00f6zgeli\u015fi Adigey Devlet \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin 10 fak\u00fcltesinin Krasnodar Kray\u2019\u0131n \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e (Lazarevsk), <\/em>Novorossiysk ve Yeysk kentlerinde a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yleniyor (4).<\/p>\n

Gerici\/sa\u011fc\u0131 Rus \u00e7evreleri, \u00e7a\u011fd\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck Rusya\u201d<\/strong> \u00fctopyas\u0131 ve ya\u011fmac\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fcleri sonucu, AC\u2019ni \u201cRus bedenine batm\u0131\u015f bir diken\u201d<\/strong> olarak g\u00f6rmekte, ondan kurtulmak ve Adige varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya\u011fmalamak\/yok etmek istemektedirler:<\/p>\n

Nitekim, Oleg Tsvetkov\u2019un \u201cJ\u0131neps\u201d<\/strong> gazetesindeki (Ekim 2006)<\/em> bir yaz\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimize g\u00f6re, 2006\u2019da yap\u0131lan bir toplant\u0131da, Putin<\/strong>\u2019in G\u00fcney Fedral Okrugu temsilcisi Dimitriy Kozak<\/strong>, AC\u2019nin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, topraklar\u0131n\u0131n Krasnodar Kray\u2019a eklenmesini \u0131srarla savunmu\u015f, o zamanki AC Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u015e\u2019evmen Hazret<\/strong> de (\u0428\u044a\u044d\u0443\u043c\u044d\u043d \u0425\u044c\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044d\u0442)<\/em> sert bir bi\u00e7imde D. Kozak\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p istifas\u0131n\u0131 sunmu\u015f, Vladimir Putin, \u015e\u2019evmen\u2019in istifas\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmemi\u015f, ayr\u0131ca AC\u2019nin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 olanakl\u0131 k\u0131lacak bir anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmedi\u011fini de a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece Adige Cumhuriyeti\u2019ni ortada kalma giri\u015fimi desteksiz kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Maykop Devlet Teknolojisi rekt\u00f6r\u00fc Prof. Dr. Thaku\u015f\u0131n Aslan<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n 13 Ocak 2007\u2019de Adigey Cumhuriyeti devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 olmas\u0131yla, Adigey\u2019in da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da sona ermi\u015f gibidir.
\nBilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

(1) <\/strong> 1992\u2019de Tuapse\u2019yi ziyaretim s\u0131ras\u0131nda milliyet\u00e7i Ruslar\u0131n Shapsughlara \u00f6zerkliklerinin geri verilmemesi i\u00e7in ev ev dola\u015f\u0131p imza toplamakta olduklar\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

(2) <\/strong>Bu arada eski AC Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Hazret \u015e’evmen, kendi paras\u0131yla Krasnodar kenti yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Af\u0131ps\u0131p beldesinde bir t\u0131p merkezi ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir hastane yapt\u0131r\u0131p ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayarak k\u0131smi bir rahatlama sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

(3) <\/strong> 1992\u2019de Krasnodar\u2019a kom\u015fu Tahtamukay\u2019da bir k\u00f6yl\u00fcye, \u201cAC\u2019nin kurulmu\u015f olmas\u0131 size ne gibi bir yarar sa\u011flad\u0131? \u201d<\/strong> (\u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u044d\u043c \u0441\u044b\u0434 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0448\u044a\u0443\u0444\u0438\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0433\u044a?) diye sordu\u011fumda, \u201cBir yarar sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 umuyorduk, ama sadece s\u0131rt\u0131m\u0131zdaki y\u00fck\u00fc daha da artt\u0131rd\u0131\u201d<\/strong>(\u0418\u04481\u0443\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d \u043a\u044a\u044d\u043a1\u043e\u043d \u04421\u043e\u0433\u044a\u0430\u0433\u044a, \u0430\u0443 \u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043c\u044d \u0442\u044d\u043b\u044a \u0445\u044c\u044b\u043b\u044a\u044d\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0445\u044c \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0445\u0438\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0433\u044a) yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m (Bu arada1992\u2019de tan\u0131k oldu\u011fum bir olay\u0131 da yans\u0131tmal\u0131y\u0131m: Bir cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc, resmi Adigeya Oteli resepsiyonu, Otel\u2019de \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019den otob\u00fcsle gelmi\u015f bir turist kafilesi kal\u0131yor. \u0130\u00e7lerinden bir delikanl\u0131 sanc\u0131lan\u0131yor. Kafile ba\u015fkan\u0131 t\u00fcm giderleri kendisine ait olmak \u00fczere, \u00e7ocu\u011fun tedavisi i\u00e7in kendisine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olunmas\u0131n\u0131, bir taksi olsun \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, orta ya\u015fl\u0131 resepsiyen memuresinden rica ediyor. Memure de \u201cBug\u00fcn cumartesi, hastane, doktor ya da taksi yok, size yard\u0131mc\u0131 olamam\u201d<\/strong> (\u041d\u044d\u043f\u044d \u043c\u044d\u0444\u044d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u044a\u043e, \u0441\u044b\u043c\u044d\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0449\u0438, \u0430\u0437\u044d\u0440\u044d \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u0449\u044b1\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044d\u043f, \u0441\u044b\u043a\u044a\u044b\u043f\u0434\u044d1\u044d\u043f\u044b1\u044d\u043d \u0441\u043b\u044a\u044d\u043a1\u044b\u0449\u0442\u044d\u043f) diyerek ricalar\u0131 geri \u00e7eviriyor. Bunun \u00fczerine ya\u015fl\u0131 ki\u015fi \u201cPeki k\u0131z\u0131m, bu g\u00fczel gelene\u011fi kimden ald\u0131n\u0131z? \u201d<\/strong> (\u0410\u0434\u044d \u0441\u0438\u043f\u0448\u044a\u0430\u0448\u044a\u044d, \u043c\u044b \u0445\u044d\u0431\u0437\u044d \u0434\u0430\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0445\u044d\u0442\u044b \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0448\u044a\u0443\u0445\u0438\u043b\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0433\u044a? b) diye sorunca da, azarlay\u0131c\u0131 bir ifadeyle, \u201cRus\u2019tan, gavurdan ald\u0131k\u201d<\/strong> (\u0423\u0440\u044b\u0441\u044b\u043c, \u0434\u0436\u0430\u0443\u0440\u044b\u043c \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0442\u0445\u0438\u043b\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0433\u044a, \u04381\u0443\u0438 \u0418\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u044a\u0438\u043a1\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u043a\u0443\u043f\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0442\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044d \u043b1\u044b\u0436\u044a \u0445\u044c\u0430\u043a1\u044d\u043c 1\u044d\u0435 \u0434\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0443 \u0442\u044d\u043a\u0443\u0443\u0430\u0433\u044a) yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu da yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015f sistemin insanlar\u0131 ne kadar da \u00e7irkin bir hale getirebilmi\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyordu.<\/p>\n

(4) <\/strong> K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir cumhuriyetin, topu topu 100 bin dolay\u0131nda n\u00fcfuslu, ekonomik anlamda RF\u2019nin en yoksul kenar k\u00f6\u015felerinden birinde bar\u0131nan ve \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ya da yar\u0131s\u0131 halen k\u00f6yl\u00fc, \u00e7ift\u00e7i olan bir toplulu\u011fun, a\u011f\u0131r politik bask\u0131 alt\u0131nda ve maddi olanaks\u0131zl\u0131klar i\u00e7inde, biri teknoloji \u00fczerine, iki \u00fcniversiteyi ve bir\u00e7ok fak\u00fcltesiyle \u2018Tembot K’era\u015f Sosyal Bilimler Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc kurmu\u015f, bir \u00e7ok fak\u00fcltesini s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na yayabilmi\u015f, n\u00fcfusuna g\u00f6re bilim adam\u0131 ve ayd\u0131n insan say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7o\u011faltm\u0131\u015f, sanat ve edebiyat alan\u0131nda da ileri ad\u0131mlar atm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bu olumlu geli\u015fmeler, bize, Adige k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ne denli derinlikli, ileri ve sa\u011flam bir tarihsel temelden kaynaklanmakta oldu\u011funu da g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu ba\u015far\u0131, ku\u015fkusuz, en ba\u015fta, k\u00f6k\u00fc Ta\u015f \u00c7a\u011f\u0131na -binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine- uzanan, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir uygarl\u0131k yaratm\u0131\u015f ve devletler kumu\u015f olan, o zamanlardan beri ar\u0131narak ve geli\u015ferek varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren, kirlenmemi\u015f, Adige zekas\u0131n\u0131n parlak bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc olan ve Adigelerce korunmu\u015f bulunan Adige dilinin h\u0131zl\u0131 ve kolay \u00f6\u011frenmeyi sa\u011flayan; \u00fcst d\u00fczeyde bilimsel ve teknik konular\u0131 kavratmaya yatk\u0131n olan dil yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131ndan ve bu sayede Rus\u00e7a\u2019n\u0131n da en iyi bir bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131labiliyor olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yor olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ama, kendine yabanc\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bir\u00e7ok Adige bu ger\u00e7e\u011fin fark\u0131nda bile de\u011fildir; \u015fair bo\u015funa dememi\u015f, \u201cOl mahiler ki derya i\u00e7redirler deryay\u0131 bilmezler\u201d diye.<\/p>\n

Not: <\/strong> Yaz\u0131 21 Ekim 2009 tarihi itibar\u0131yla g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f ve g\u00fcncellenmi\u015ftir. -HCY<\/p>\n

1990\u2019lardaki ekonomik ve sosyal \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Adigey Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015fu ve yap\u0131lanmas\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131nda, ilk Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 CARIME Aslan<\/strong> (\u0414\u0436\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043c\u044d \u0410\u0441\u043b\u044a\u0430\u043d), bir\u00e7ok sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti. Ancak ekonomik ve sosyal \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f ile b\u00fcrokrasideki yozla\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6nleyemedi.<\/p>\n

Bunun temel nedeni, ku\u015fkusuz Rusya\u2019daki genel ekonomik \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f ve bozulma idi. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Adigey\u2019de ormanlar\u00a0 ya\u011fmalanmaya ve devlet mallar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131nmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (1). Y\u00f6re ekonomisinin temeli olan tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri de ucuzlam\u0131\u015f, mafya engeli nedeniyle \u00fcretim b\u00fcy\u00fck pazarlara ta\u015f\u0131namaz olmu\u015f, fabrikalar\u0131n hemen hepsi kapanm\u0131\u015f, i\u015fsizlik tehlikeli bir boyuta ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f, kamu d\u00fczeni bozulmu\u015f, su\u00e7 ve su\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinde bir patlama ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, halk iyice yoksulla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunun bir sonucu olarak, 1989-2003 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, Adigey\u2019den 123 bin 900 ki\u015fi (n\u00fcfusun % 28 kadar\u0131) ayr\u0131l\u0131p durumu daha iyi olan sanayi merkezlerine g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015ftir. D\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6\u00e7, tar\u0131m topra\u011f\u0131 az olan Maykop rayonu ile baz\u0131 k\u00f6y ve beldeleri vurmu\u015ftu (2).<\/p>\n

Durumu daha iyi de\u011ferlendirebilmek i\u00e7in 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanan\u00a0 n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 beklemek gerekecektir.<\/p>\n

Kriz, y\u0131llar\u0131n k\u0131demli y\u00f6neticisi CARIME Aslan<\/strong>\u2019\u0131 g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f, \u015eEVMEN Hazret<\/strong>\u2019i (\u0428\u044a\u044d\u0443\u043c\u044d\u043d \u0425\u044c\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044d\u0442)\u00a0\u00a0 getirmi\u015ftir (13 Ocak 2002).<\/p>\n

1989-2003 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 123 bin 900 ki\u015fi Adigey\u2019den ayr\u0131l\u0131rken, 155 bin 400 ki\u015fi de Adigey\u2019e \u2018yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir\u2019 (3).
\n1998\u2019de Adigey\u2019deki emekli say\u0131s\u0131, anormal bir art\u0131\u015fla 128 bine (n\u00fcfusun % 29 kadar\u0131) ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu say\u0131, Adige toplam say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n da \u00fczerinde bir n\u00fcfustu.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylece Adigey n\u00fcfusunun \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir n\u00fcfus sirk\u00fclasyonu ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok RF cumhuriyetinde Rus n\u00fcfusun gerilemesine kar\u015f\u0131n, Adigey\u2019deki Rus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu korunmu\u015ftu (% 64, 5) (4).<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7o\u011funluktan y\u00fcreklenen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Rus milliyet\u00e7ileri de harekete ge\u00e7ip Adigey\u2019i tasfiye niyetlerini seslendirmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131 (2004). RF Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Vladimir Putin<\/strong>\u2019in, \u201cBirle\u015ftirmeler yoluyla RF\u2019ndaki region say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azaltma\u201d<\/strong> program\u0131 uygulamaya konmu\u015f, Sibirya\u2019daki \u00f6zerk okruglar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 i\u015flemleri ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Rus \u0130mparatorluk H\u00fck\u00fcmeti 1860\u2019da boyun e\u011fmeyen Shapsugh ve Wub\u0131hlar\u0131 s\u00fcrme karar\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, ancak 1859\u2019da boyun e\u011fmi\u015f olan ve ses \u00e7\u0131karmayan Abzeghleri de 1861\u2019de, Shapsughlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda\u00a0 etnik temizlik ve s\u00fcrg\u00fcn kapsam\u0131na alm\u0131\u015f ve uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. RF y\u00f6netimi i\u015fte bu faciay\u0131 an\u0131msat\u0131c\u0131\u00a0 bi\u00e7imde bir ad\u0131m atarak, Adigey<\/strong>\u2019i de tasfiye s\u00fcreci i\u00e7ine alma ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 att\u0131 (5).<\/p>\n

Ancak, b\u00fct\u00fcn bir Kafkas diasporas\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn halinde Rusya kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u00a0 itebilecek olan bu yanl\u0131\u015f ad\u0131mdan, baz\u0131 \u00fcst d\u00fczey Rus yetkililerin m\u00fcdahalesiyle d\u00f6n\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u00f6ylenmektedir (2006).<\/p>\n

Adigey Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u015eEVMEN Hazret<\/strong>\u2019in de tasfiye s\u00fcrecine \u015fiddetle kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u0131nama anlam\u0131nda istifas\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi, ancak Putin<\/strong>\u2019in bu istifay\u0131 kabul etmedi\u011fi ve anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine gidilmeyece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klayarak tasfiye kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 tav\u0131r ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Adigey\u2019in tasfiyesi i\u00e7in RF Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi gerekiyordu.<\/p>\n

Bu arada, 21 May\u0131s 2006\u2019da (6) toplanan \u2018Adige Halk Kongresi\u2019 <\/strong>de, AC\u2019nin tasfiye edilmesinin, Rusya d\u00fczeyinde, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmayacak bir bi\u00e7imde halklar aras\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 bozaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Adige devletinin, dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn gelecekte de ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve korunmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi\u011fini belirtmi\u015f, b\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n ve Adigelerin siyasi temsil e\u015fitli\u011finin (paritet), anayasal bir garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmi\u015f, bu arada Adige Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin gelece\u011fini belirleyecek bir referanduma sadece etnik Adigelerin kat\u0131labilece\u011fini, Adige olmayanlar\u0131n da kat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 bir referanduma etnik Adigelerin kat\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (7).<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcyle, RF devlet yap\u0131lan\u0131\u015f\u0131 oturmu\u015f da de\u011fildir, oynakl\u0131k ve \u00e7ifte standart durumlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde \u00f6rnek al\u0131nacak, etnik ve b\u00f6lgesel haklar\u0131 en iyi bir bi\u00e7imde d\u00fczenlemi\u015f olan demokratik \u00fclke ise, ku\u015fkusuz \u0130svi\u00e7re<\/strong>\u2019dir, \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019nin ortak\/genel bir resmi dili yoktur (8) ama Rusya ve \u0130spanya gibi \u00fclkelerde, \u00f6zerk cumhuriyet ve b\u00f6lge dilleri \u00fczerinde ge\u00e7erli olan \u00fcst resmi dil (Rus\u00e7a ve \u0130spanyolca) vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u015eu durumda, RF\u2019nda oturmu\u015f bir devlet yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yoklu\u011fu yan\u0131nda bir g\u00fcven ortam\u0131n\u0131n da bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 s\u00f6ylenebilir, \u00a0Shapsugh\/\u015eaps\u0131\u011flara \u00f6zerklik verilmesi konusundaki tutum buna bir \u00f6rnektir: RF Devlet Dumas\u0131 \u015eaps\u0131\u011flara \u00f6zerklik verilmesine ili\u015fkin yasa \u00f6nerisini g\u00fcndemine alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, yasan\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6nerinin iki kez oylanmas\u0131 ve kabul edilmesi gerekiyordu. \u0130lk oylamada Shapsughlara \u00f6zerklik verilmesi kabul edilmi\u015fti, ancak ikinci oylaman\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in oylama yeterlik say\u0131s\u0131 bulunamad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan oylama yap\u0131lamam\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6neri d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u0130lk oylamaya kat\u0131lan Adige milletvekilleri ikinci oylamadan \u2018ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015flard\u0131\u2019. Bu da bir g\u00fcven ortam\u0131 yoklu\u011fu, korku durumu ya da kariyerist \u00e7\u0131karlarla\/oport\u00fcnizm\u00a0 ile a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir: Nitekim, ikinci oylama i\u00e7in, biri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Adige milletvekilleri oylaman\u0131n yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 oturuma kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131 (9).<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle Shapsughlara \u00f6zerklik verilmesi i\u00e7erikli yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131 g\u00fcndemden d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f oldu.
\n Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

1) <\/strong>Bkz. Hazret \u015eovmen\u2019in veda mesaj\u0131, CC Tarih, 2. \u0130ndex, internet.<\/p>\n

2) <\/strong>Bkz. Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n \u201cRayonlar ve etnik yap\u0131\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc.<\/p>\n

3) <\/strong>Bkz. \u00a0\u2018Nart dergisi\u2019, \u00a0say\u0131 36, \u00a0s. \u00a086.
\n4) <\/strong>Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya\u2019da 1959\u2019da % 51 olan Rus oran\u0131 2002\u2019de\u00a0 % 33, 6\u2019ya d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr, ayn\u0131 oranlar Kabardey-Balkarya\u2019da % 38, 7\u2019den 25, 1\u2019e; Kalm\u0131kya\u2019da % 55, 9\u2019dan % 33. 6\u2019ya d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

5) <\/strong>Rusya\u2019daki\u00a0 10 \u00f6zerk okrug\u2019un (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ulusal \u00f6zerk\u00a0 \u00fclke) 6\u2019s\u0131 tasfiye edilmi\u015f, geride 4 \u00f6zerk okrug kalm\u0131\u015f, region say\u0131s\u0131 da\u00a0 89\u2019dan 83\u2019e d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

6) <\/strong>21 May\u0131s g\u00fcn\u00fc yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131\/\u00c7erkesler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir\u00a0 yas g\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

7) <\/strong>Adige Halk Kongresi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc toplant\u0131s\u0131 karar\u0131d\u0131r, CC Tarih b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc; ayr\u0131ca\u00a0 internet.<\/p>\n

8) <\/strong>\u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de 26 Kanton ve d\u00f6rt resmi dil vard\u0131r, dillerin d\u00f6rd\u00fc de, Federal Merkez\u2019in ve kendi Kanton y\u00f6netimlerinin korumas\u0131 alt\u0131ndad\u0131r, ek olarak \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de bir \u00f6\u011frenci, kendi anadili d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ikinci bir \u0130svi\u00e7re dilini de okumak\/\u00f6\u011frenmek zorundad\u0131r. Bu nedenle bir \u0130svi\u00e7reli en az iki dil bilir. RF’ndaki uygulama ise, farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Rus \u00f6\u011frenci, Rus\u00e7a d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda herhangi bir cumhuriyetin dilini okumak ya da \u00f6\u011frenmek zorunda de\u011fildir ama Rus olmayan bir \u00f6\u011frenci Rus\u00e7a okumak\/\u00f6\u011frenmek zorundad\u0131r. \u0130svi\u00e7re’de herhangi bir kantonun etnik yap\u0131s\u0131\/etnik oran\u0131 bozulamaz, bir kantonun dili \u00fczerine ba\u015fka bir dil ge\u00e7irilemez,\u00f6rne\u011fin Frans\u0131zca ya da Almanca konu\u015fan bir Kanton\u2019un (devletin) ikinci bir resmi dili olmaz, ayr\u0131ca \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019nin tamam\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli bir dil de yoktur, d\u00f6rt \u0130svi\u00e7re dilinin her birinin \u00fczerinde olacak bir dil de yoktur. Rusya\u2019da ise,cumhuriyet dillerinin ve t\u00fcm dillerin \u00fczerinde ve Rusya\u2019n\u0131n tamam\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli olan ortak\/\u00fcst resmi dil Rus\u00e7a\u2019d\u0131r. Rusya\u2019da \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131 bir merkeziyet\u00e7ilik vard\u0131r, yerel y\u00f6netimlere sorulmadan, Rus n\u00fcfusu, kolonizasyon ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak ulusal b\u00f6lgelere ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131p yerle\u015ftirilebilmekte ve Rusla\u015ft\u0131rma politikalar\u0131 uygulanabilmektedir. \u0130svi\u00e7re\u2019de bir Kanton meclisi, o kantonun dil, k\u00fclt\u00fcr, din ya da mezhebini koruma konusunda egemen ve tam yetkilidir, RF\u2019ndaki stat\u00fc tart\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bu gibi nedenlerle, kuruldu\u011fu g\u00fcnden bu yana \u0130svi\u00e7re’de dil ve etnik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fanmam\u0131\u015f, federal yap\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze de\u011fin geli\u015ftirilerek korunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

9) <\/strong>Bkz. \u00a0\u2018\u015eaps\u0131\u011flar\u0131n Hikayesi\u2019<\/strong>, Mehdi N\u00fczhet \u00c7etinba\u015f, internet.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyadaki demokratik geli\u015fmeler ve uygulama \u00f6rnekleri
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Demokratik \u00fclkelerde bu son y\u0131llarda geli\u015fmekte olan uygulama \u00f6rnekleri vard\u0131r, \u00f6rne\u011fin Yeni Zelanda\u2019<\/strong>da n\u00fcfusun % 3 kadar\u0131n\u0131n (100-150 bin ki\u015finin) konu\u015ftu\u011fu Maorice<\/strong>, \u0130ngilizce ile birlikte resmi dildir (1).<\/p>\n

ABD\u2019nin \u00e7ok etnili Hawaii eyaletinde \u00a0Hawaii dili<\/strong>, Louisiana ve Maine eyaletlerinde de Frans\u0131zca<\/strong>, \u0130ngilizce ile birlikte resmi dildir\u00a0 (2).<\/p>\n

ABD, Kanada ya da herhangi bir demokratik \u00fclkede, \u00f6\u011frenci velilerinin talebi olmas\u0131 durumunda, herhangi bir dil devlet taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7meli bir ders dili olarak okullarda okutulmakta ve \u00f6\u011fretilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Devletler art\u0131k, bir insanl\u0131k su\u00e7u<\/strong> olan\u00a0 asimilasyon politikalar\u0131na<\/strong> son veriyorlar, asimilasyon politikas\u0131 \u00f6zellikle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de hala baz\u0131 odaklarca (CHP, MHP, baz\u0131 asker ve yarg\u0131 \u00e7evrelerince) s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmek isteniyor. \u00d6teki \u00fclkelerde ise, devletin resmi diller d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki diller de tan\u0131n\u0131yor, b\u00fct\u00fcn dillere sayg\u0131 g\u00f6steriliyor ve koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. BM ve AB politikalar\u0131 da bunu destekliyor ve \u00f6zendiriyor. Milliyet\u00e7i gericilik zay\u0131fl\u0131yor, insani de\u011ferlere, dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlere sayg\u0131 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 geli\u015fiyor ve g\u00fc\u00e7leniyor. Bu bak\u0131mdan umut verici bir gelece\u011fi bekleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n

Ancak Rusya\u2019da, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Rus milliyet\u00e7ilerinden\/ekstremistlerden ve devletten de kaynaklanan baz\u0131\u00a0 sorunlar vard\u0131r. Arap \u00fclkelerinin baz\u0131lar\u0131nda, Nas\u0131r<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n ve Kaddafi<\/strong>\u2019nin Arap\u00e7\u0131\/gerici politikalar\u0131ndan destek bulmu\u015f olan bir milliyet\u00e7i\/asimilasyoncu anlay\u0131\u015f da vard\u0131r ama T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki gibi pek etkili de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Asimilasyon politikalar\u0131 art\u0131k \u00e7a\u011fd\u0131\u015f\u0131 rejimlerin i\u015fi olabilir.<\/p>\n

Bu ba\u011flamda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki anlay\u0131\u015f, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn en berbat ve en geride kalm\u0131\u015f bir \u00f6rne\u011fi say\u0131labilir, Erdo\u011fan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti<\/strong> a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 milliyet\u00e7i\/T\u00fcrk\u00e7\u00fc muhalefetin (CHP, MHP) sert tepkilerine kar\u015f\u0131n, bu berbat durumu d\u00fczeltmeye ve \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 engellemeleri a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fczel bir \u00f6rnek de Avustralya\u2019d\u0131r, burada \u0130ngilizce, ABD\u2019nde\u00a0 oldu\u011fu gibi federal d\u00fczeyde bir resmi dil de\u011fildir, fiilen kullan\u0131lan bir dildir, her iki \u00fclkede de \u0130ngilizce d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrler devlet\u00e7e destekleniyor, etnik radyo ve TV yay\u0131nlar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Avustralya H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, ayr\u0131ca, ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki soyk\u0131r\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131 nedeniyle yerli Aborojin <\/strong>halk\u0131ndan \u00f6z\u00fcr dilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

RF y\u00f6netimi ise, 1860\u2019larda ve sonras\u0131nda Adige halk\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenmi\u015f olan soyk\u0131r\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131, etnik temizlik ve \u00fclke d\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirme\/s\u00fcrg\u00fcn politikalar\u0131 konular\u0131na hi\u00e7 de\u011finmemekte, ge\u00e7mi\u015f h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerce yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, ger\u00e7e\u011fi d\u00fcnyadan gizlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta, s\u00f6zgeli\u015fi 2014 \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e\u00a0 (So\u00e7i) Olimpiyalar\u0131 <\/strong> nedeniyle \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e tarihinden\u00a0 s\u00f6z eden resmi yay\u0131n ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalarda, \u00a0Grek<\/strong> ve Osmanl\u0131<\/strong> gibi tali adlara de\u011finilmekte, ama \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e\u2019nin tarihsel yerli halk\u0131 olan Adige\/Wub\u0131h\/Shapsugh<\/strong> etnik ad\u0131na sans\u00fcr uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Uygar \u00fclkelerde \u0131rk, din ve dil bask\u0131lar\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, tarihe kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ya da kar\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczeredir. ABD\u2019nde siyahi lider Barack Obama<\/strong>, beyaz \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun da oyunu alarak devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilebilmi\u015ftir. Bu da en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 baraj\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kan\u0131tl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Sevindirici geli\u015fmeler birbirini izliyor: Kanada’da 8\u2019i yerli dili olmak \u00fczere 10\u00a0dil devlet\u00e7e resmi dil olarak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/strong>. Biraz somutla\u015ft\u0131ral\u0131m: Nunavut<\/em><\/strong> ve Northwest Territories<\/em><\/strong> \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgelerinde 2 bin (2.000) ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan konu\u015fulan Inuinnaqtun<\/strong> dili ile Nunavut, Nunavik, Northwest Territories<\/strong> ve Nunatsiavut<\/strong> \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgelerinde 35 bin ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan konu\u015fulan Inuktitut<\/strong> dili de Kanada taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan 8 resmi yerli dilinden sadece ikisidir (3).<\/p>\n

Devam edelim: Afganistan\u2019da 8, \u00c7in\u2019de 10, \u0130talya’da 11 resmi dil vard\u0131r, say\u0131 Almanya, Avusturya ve \u0130sve\u00e7’te 7\u2019\u015fer, ABD ve ba\u011fl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde 7, Britanya ve ba\u011fl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde 10 (4), S\u0131rbistan\u2019da 8, Filipinlerde 16, Hindistan’da 36\u2019d\u0131r. Irak\u2019ta 4 dile (Arap, K\u00fcrt, Asuri ve T\u00fcrkmen) resmi dil stat\u00fcleri verilmi\u015ftir. \u0130spanya\u2019da da 5 resmi dil vard\u0131r-\u0130spanyol, Gali\u00e7, Katalan, Bask ve Oksitan. Norve\u00e7\u2019te 6, Danimarka\u2019da 4, Finlandiya\u2019da 3, Moldova\u2019da 4, Japonya\u2019da 4, L\u00fcbnan\u2019da 3 (Arap, Frans\u0131z ve Ermeni), Okyanus\u2019taki Mikronezya\u2019da 6 resmi dil vard\u0131r. Toplam 239 dili, 182 ulus ya da\u00a0 etnik toplulu\u011fu olan RF’nda resmi dil say\u0131s\u0131 34\u2019t\u00fcr (5). RF\u2019nda resmi dil stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde olmayan yerli diller ya da\u00a0 az n\u00fcfuslu\u00a0 yerli uluslar da, RF Anayasas\u0131 ve federal yasalar gere\u011fi, \u2018devlet korumas\u0131ndan\u2019 yararlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir de Afrika ve Latin Amerika\u2019daki uygulamalar\u0131 \u00f6zetle g\u00f6relim: Cezayir\u2019de 3 dil (Arap, Berberi, Frans\u0131z), Demokratik Kongo\u2019da 5 dil, Kongo\u2019da 3 dil, Ekvator Ginesi\u2019nde 3 dil, Gana\u2019da 10 dil, Gine\u2019de 4 dil, Moritanya\u2019da 5 dil, Namibya\u2019da 4 dil, Senegal\u2019de 7 dil, G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019da 11 dil, Madagaskar\u2019da 3, Mauritius\u2019da 3, Zimbabve\u2019de 3 dil; Latin Amerika Arjantin\u2019de 2 dil (\u0130spanyol ve yerli Guarani), Bolivya\u2019da 3 dil (\u0130spanyol, Aymara, Ke\u00e7ua), Paraguay\u2019da 2 dil (\u0130spanyol ve yerli Guarani), Peru\u2019da 3 dil (\u0130spanyol, Aymara, Ke\u00e7ua ve daha bir\u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yerli dili) resmi dil olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir, vb. Listeyi daha da uzatabiliriz.<\/p>\n

\u015eu durumda 110 \u00fclkede, yani BM \u00fcyesi 192 \u00fclkenin \u00e7o\u011funda iki ya da daha \u00e7ok say\u0131da resmi dil bulunuyor. Say\u0131ya Kosova, Abhazya ve G\u00fcney Osetya gibi BM \u00fcyesi olmayan \u00fclkeler kat\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Peki birden \u00e7ok dili, resmi dil olarak\u00a0 tan\u0131yan onca \u00fclke, bizim a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 milliyet\u00e7ilerimizin iddia ettikleri gibi b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f m\u00fc oluyor?<\/p>\n

Rusya\u2019da, 2000\u2019li y\u0131llara de\u011fin\u00a0 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck uluslara ait\u00a0 11 idari birim\/region vard\u0131, tasfiye sonucu, geride\u00a0 1 \u00f6zerk oblast-Yahudi ve 4 \u00f6zerk okrug-Chukotka, Khanty-Mansi, Nenets ve Yamalo-Nenets \u00a0\u00a0kalm\u0131\u015f, di\u011ferlerinin \u00f6zerklikleri kald\u0131r\u0131larak, topraklar\u0131 Rus kraylar\u0131na (illerine) eklenmi\u015ftir, bu\u00a0 5 \u00f6zerk regionda konu\u015fulmakta olan\u00a0 dillere de, resmi dil stat\u00fcleri verilmemi\u015ftir<\/p>\n

Abaza<\/strong>, Agul<\/strong>, Rutul<\/strong>, Tsakhur<\/strong>, Tati<\/strong>, Nogay<\/strong> ve Shapsughlar<\/strong> gibi, Rusya Federasyonu\u2019nda ya\u015fayan 60\u2019\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ulus bulunmakta, bunlar\u0131n etnik kimlik ya da dilleri de \u2018anayasal koruma\u2019 alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ancak\u00a0 farkl\u0131 standartlar\/uygulama \u00f6rnekleri de vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck uluslara devlet taraf\u0131ndan \u2018maddi yard\u0131mlar\u2019 da yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r, s\u00f6zgeli\u015fi Shapsugh\/\u015eaps\u0131\u011flara, 1999 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri y\u0131lda 80 bin Dolar<\/strong> (120 bin TL) tutar\u0131nda bir devlet yard\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Bu paran\u0131n \u201cShapsughe Xase\/\u0428\u0430\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u0425\u0430\u0441\u044d\u201d<\/strong> (Shapsugh Meclisi) taraf\u0131ndan yasalar\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir bi\u00e7imde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 da s\u00f6ylenmektedir.<\/p>\n

RF\u2019nda kray, oblast, \u00f6zerk oblast ve \u00f6zerk okrug gibi region (idari birim)\u00a0 s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde konu\u015fulan yerel dillere, resmi dil stat\u00fcleri verilmemi\u015ftir, bu gibi yerlerde resmi dil sadece Rus\u00e7a\u2019d\u0131r. Cumhuriyet birimlerinde ise, Rus\u00e7a ile birlikte, o yerlerde konu\u015fulan bir ya da birden \u00e7ok yerel dile de resmi dil stat\u00fcleri verilebilmektedir (6).<\/p>\n

S\u00f6zgeli\u015fi, 5 resmi dili bulunan Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkes Cumhuriyeti<\/strong>\u2019nde Abaza<\/strong> (32.346) ve Nogay<\/strong> (14.873)\u00a0 gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck dillere (7), \u00a0Da\u011f\u0131stan Cumhuriyeti<\/strong>\u2019nde de 14 resmi dil i\u00e7inde, 8.168 ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan konu\u015fulan Tsakhur dili <\/strong>ile 2,3 bin (2 bin 300) ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan konu\u015fulan Tati dili<\/strong>ne de resmi dil stat\u00fcleri verilmi\u015ftir (8).<\/p>\n

Krasnodar Kray s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nde \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e<\/strong> (So\u00e7i) kentsel\/metropolitan alan\u0131 ile Tuapse<\/strong> rayonunun yerli halk\u0131 olan Shapsughlar\u0131n <\/strong>diline\/\u015eaps\u0131\u011f Adigece\u2019sine, dahas\u0131 Rusya\u2019da 116 bin ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan konu\u015fulan Komi-Permyak<\/strong> diline ise resmi dil stat\u00fcs\u00fc verilmemi\u015f, bu iki ulusun \u00f6zerk y\u00f6netimleri de kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

RF\u2019ndaki kray ve oblastlarda konu\u015fulan diller ile cumhuriyetlerde konu\u015fulan dillere ili\u015fkin farkl\u0131 standartlar vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Da\u011f\u0131stan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde (9) 2,3 bin ki\u015finin konu\u015ftu\u011fu Tati dili resmi bir dildir, ama Perm Kray\u2019da 116 bin ki\u015finin konu\u015ftu\u011fu Komi-Permyak dili ise resmi bir dil de\u011fildir. Cumhuriyetler ile di\u011fer yerlerde uygulanan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct bir de\u011fildir, \u00e7ifte standart durumu vard\u0131r. Bu \u00e7ifte standard\u0131n, nedenlerini ise bilemiyoruz.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, cumhuriyetler, Federal Merkez taraf\u0131ndan da onanmas\u0131 ko\u015fuluyla, kendi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde konu\u015fulan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yerel dillere resmi dil\u00a0 stat\u00fcleri verebilmekte, ancak Federal Merkez, il stat\u00fcs\u00fcyle, yani kray, oblast ve okrug stat\u00fcleriyle kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131 olan regionlarda konu\u015fulan dillere, cumhuriyetlerde oldu\u011fu gibi, Rus\u00e7a gibi resmi dil stat\u00fcleri vermemektedir, ku\u015fkusuz bu bir \u00e7eli\u015fki ve \u00e7ifte standartt\u0131r (10).<\/p>\n


\n<\/strong> Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

1) <\/strong>Yeni Zelanda ve ba\u011fl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde toplam 6 resmi dil vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2)<\/strong> ABD ve ba\u011fl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde 7 resmi dil vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

3) <\/strong>Kanada\u2019daki resmi diller \u015funlard\u0131r: \u0130ngiliz, Frans\u0131z, Chipewyan (D\u00ebne S\u0173\u0142in\u00e9), Cree, \u00a0Dogrib (T\u0142\u012fch\u01eb), \u00a0Gwich\u2019in, \u00a0Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun Slavey; ayr\u0131ca Bkz. Anadili Sorunu, \u00a0internet. ; ayr\u0131ca List of official languages by state, Wikipedia.<\/p>\n

4)<\/strong> \u0130ngiltere\u2019deki resmi diller aras\u0131nda Cornwall\u2019da Cornish dili, \u00a0Guernsey adas\u0131nda Dg\u00e8rn\u00e9siais dili, Jersey adas\u0131nda\u00a0 J\u00e8rriais, Kuzey \u0130rlanda ve \u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019da \u0130sko\u00e7 dili, \u0130sko\u00e7 Gaelcesi (\u0130sko\u00e7ya\u2019da), Gal dili de Gal b\u00f6lgesinde (Walles) resmi dildir.<\/p>\n

5) <\/strong>Bkz. List of official languages by state, Wikipedia.<\/p>\n

6) <\/strong>Bkz. List of official languages by state; Russia (Languages of Russia), Wikipedia.<\/p>\n

7) <\/strong>Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesya\u2019daki 5 resmi dil: Rus\u00e7a, Kara\u00e7ay-Balkarca, Kabardey-\u00c7erkes\u00e7e, Abazaca ve Nogayca.<\/p>\n

8) <\/strong>Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019daki 14 resmi dil: Rus, \u00a0Agul, Avar, Azeri, \u00c7e\u00e7en, \u00a0Dargi, Kumuk, Lak, Lezgi, \u00a0Nogay, Rutul, \u00a0Tabasaran, Tati ve Tsakhur.<\/p>\n

9)<\/strong> Rusya\u2019da resmi dil olmayan ama koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f 60\u2019\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck\/az n\u00fcfuslu ulus dili vard\u0131r. \u00a0Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019da resmi dil olmayan, sadece konu\u015fulan diller: Archi, Bagvalal, Bezhta, Botlikh, Chamalal, Ghodoberi, Hunzib, Judeo-Tat (Da\u011fl\u0131 Yahudi), Karata, Khwarshi ve Tindi. Bkz. \u00a0Official languages in state.<\/p>\n

10) <\/strong> Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019daki cumhuriyetlerden Adigey\u2019de Rus ve Adige; Kabardey-Balkarya\u2019da Rus, Kabardey-\u00c7erkes ve Kara\u00e7ay-Balkar; Kuzey Osetya\u2019da Rus ve Oset; \u0130ngu\u015fya\u2019da Rus ve \u0130ngu\u015f; \u00c7e\u00e7enya\u2019da da Rus ve \u00c7e\u00e7en dilleri resmi dillerdir.<\/p>\n

Adigey Cumhuriyeti\u2019nde etnik ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k ve oport\u00fcnizm
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

1992\u2019de Adigey y\u00f6neticilerinin Kazakistan’dan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f yapan \u00a0Rus yerle\u015fimcileri, Krasnodar kenti ile kom\u015fu olan Adigey\u2019in Tahtamukay rayonuna yerle\u015ftirmekte olduklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015ftim (1). Tahtamukay\u2019a yerle\u015ftirilen bu ki\u015filer i\u00e7in konutlar \u00fcretiliyor ve bu ki\u015filere\u00a0 Krasnodar kentinde i\u015f veriliyordu, yani bu yerle\u015fimcilerin\u00a0 arkas\u0131nda devlet deste\u011fi vard\u0131. Adige y\u00f6netimi ise, bu t\u00fcr\u00a0 yerle\u015fmeleri gizliyor, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fcler ise bilgi aktar\u0131m\u0131nda bulunmuyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, 1990\u2019larda Maykop\u2019a kadar gelen Stalin s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc ve \u00d6zbek sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ma\u011fduru bir tren dolusu korunmas\u0131z Ah\u0131skal\u0131\/Meshetili T\u00fcrk<\/strong>, s\u00f6ylendi\u011fine g\u00f6re, \u00a0\u00e7ocuklar\u0131n feryatlar\u0131 ve yalvarmalar\u0131\u00a0 izlenerek, alelacele ve utan\u00e7 verici bir bi\u00e7imde, trenden inmelerine izin verilmeyerek, Maykop tren gar\u0131ndan \u201cyolcu edilmi\u015flerdi\u201d. Yani ortada\u00a0 \u00e7ifte bir standart ve negatif (g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz\u00fcn aleyhine)<\/em> bir ay\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Adigey\u2019in Rus ve Adige b\u00fcrokratlar\u0131, birlikte, Rus yerle\u015fimcilere kar\u015f\u0131 uysal kediyi<\/strong>, T\u00fcrk s\u00fcrg\u00fcnlere kar\u015f\u0131 da h\u0131r\u00e7\u0131n kediyi<\/strong> oynuyorlard\u0131. Nereden nereye? Anla\u015f\u0131lan 1864 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7oktan unutulmu\u015f olmal\u0131yd\u0131\u2026<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f b\u00fcrokratlar\u0131n niteli\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in, AC \u0130kinci Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u015eevmen Hazret<\/strong>\u2019in veda mesaj\u0131<\/strong>na bir bakmak yeterlidir (2).<\/p>\n

Adige y\u00f6neticiler, Adigey\u2019e y\u00f6nelik Rus yerle\u015fmelerinin durduruldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bunun do\u011fru olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sordu\u011fum\u00a0 bir bayan \u00f6\u011fretmen ise, “Yerle\u015fimler s\u00fcr\u00fcyor, burada y\u00f6netimin izni ve haberi olmadan bir ku\u015f bile u\u00e7maz. Y\u00f6netimin \u00e7izdi\u011fi \u00e7izginin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na da kimse \u00e7\u0131kamaz, \u00e7\u0131kan\u0131 derhal kap\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne koyarlar, her \u015feyi bilerek yap\u0131yorlar, yapt\u0131r\u0131yorlar, y\u00f6neticiler i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i, yalan s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorlar”<\/strong> demi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Maykop’taki bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00e7\u00fc de, “Maykop\u2019taki Ruslar politik”<\/strong> demi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi konu\u015fmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131yor, \u00fc\u00e7 maymunlar\u0131 oynuyordu. Oysa \u00f6zg\u00fcr d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, korkunun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ortamda geli\u015febilir. K\u00f6t\u00fc olu\u015fumlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fc, gizlenerek de\u011fil, \u00a0sergilenerek ve de\u015fifre edilerek al\u0131nabilir.
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Susmak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olamaz.<\/p>\n

Nitekim, bir s\u00fcre sonra, 2004\u2019te, milliyet\u00e7i \u00f6rg\u00fct ve \u00e7evreler Rus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, \u201cAdigey\u2019de \u00e7o\u011funlukta olan\u00a0 Ruslar, az\u0131nl\u0131ktaki Adigeler taraf\u0131ndan demokrasiye ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak y\u00f6netiliyorlar\u201d<\/strong> diyerek k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmaya kalk\u0131\u015facaklard\u0131. Anla\u015f\u0131lan milliyet\u00e7iler AC\u2019nin defterini d\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7mi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n

Ortada \u00e7irkin bir \u201ctezgah\u201d vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Eyl\u00fcl 2009\u2019da rastlant\u0131 sonucu kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m ve Adigey\u2019de bir s\u00fcre bulundu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fim bir T\u00fcrk i\u015f\u00e7isine, \u201cAdigey\u2019de y\u00f6netim kimlerin elinde\u201d<\/strong> diye sordu\u011fumda, \u201cTabii ki Ruslar\u0131n\u201d <\/strong>yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. \u201cPeki yerli Adigeyliler ne durumda\u201d, <\/strong> dedi\u011fimde de, \u201cOnlar az\u0131nl\u0131k. Camilerinde Cuma namaz\u0131 k\u0131ld\u0131m\u201d<\/strong> demekle yetinmi\u015fti (3). G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmemiz k\u0131sa s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc, ama a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Tarafs\u0131z bir g\u00f6zlemciye g\u00f6re Adigey\u2019in d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc, maalesef i\u015fte b\u00f6yleydi.<\/p>\n

RF\u2019nda bug\u00fcn, proje mimar\u0131 Vladimir Putin <\/strong>olan, \u201cyurtta\u015fl\u0131\u011fa dayanan bir demokratik\u00a0 toplumun\u201d <\/strong> olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yleniyor. Dileriz lafta kalmaz, ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir ve d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir demokrasi olu\u015fturulabilirse, kazanan Rusya olur (4). \u00dclkeler, i\u00e7 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmler ve d\u0131\u015f etkilemeler yoluyla, h\u0131zlanan bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7inde demokratikle\u015fmeye do\u011fru gidiyorlar.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki demokratikle\u015fme ya da Erdo\u011fan <\/strong> h\u00fck\u00fcmetince y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen demokrasi do\u011frultulu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar da bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n


\nBilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

1) <\/strong>1992\u2019de Tahtamukay\u2019da, \u00a0bir grup ziyareti s\u0131ras\u0131nda, \u00a0\u201cSibirya ve Kazakistan\u2019dan getirilen\u201d ama i\u015f yeri, \u00a0yak\u0131ndaki Krasnodar kentinde olan Ruslar i\u00e7in, \u00a0\u201cTahtamukay rayonunda konutlar in\u015fa edilmekte oldu\u011funu\u201d rayon ba\u015fkan\u0131 Nikolay Dem\u00e7uk’<\/strong>un kar\u015f\u0131lama brifingindeki konu\u015fmas\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f, \u00a0bir k\u00f6yl\u00fcye de durumu sormu\u015ftum. \u00a0K\u00f6yl\u00fc de, \u00a0\u201cRayon Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131 istemiyoruz, Ruslar\u0131 rayona\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 yerle\u015ftiriyor\u201d (\u0420\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d \u0442\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044d\u043c \u0442\u044b\u0444\u0430\u0435\u043f, \u0443\u0440\u044b\u0441\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0440\u0435\u0449\u044d\u0445)\u00a0 diyerek yak\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00a0Asl\u0131nda sorun, Nikolay Dem\u00e7uk\u2019tan de\u011fil, \u00a0daha \u00fcst\u00a0 makamlardan\u00a0 kaynaklan\u0131yor olmal\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm AC Parlamentosu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Tl\u0131uj\u00a0 Adam<\/strong> ise (\u041b1\u044b1\u0443\u0436\u044a\u0443 \u0410\u0434\u0430\u043c), \u201cAdige olmayanlara oturma izni vermiyoruz, Tahtamukay\u2019daki yerle\u015fmeler de durduruldu, \u00a0ama yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yollardan\u00a0\u00a0 yerle\u015fmeler olabiliyor”<\/strong> (\u0425\u0430\u0431\u0437\u044d\u043c \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0434\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u0435\u04421\u044b\u0441\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0445) demi\u015fti<\/p>\n

Tl\u0131uj Adam, <\/strong> \u00a0\u015fimdi RF Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n Rostov’daki \u201cG\u00fcney Federal Okrugu\u201d<\/strong> temsilcisinin AC’ndeki federal ba\u015f m\u00fcfetti\u015fidir, yetenekli ve bilge bir ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n

2)<\/strong> Bkz. Hazret \u015eovmen’in Veda Mesaj\u0131<\/strong>, \u00a0CC Tarih, 2. \u0130ndex.<\/p>\n

3)<\/strong> Bkz.\u201cNef\u201din ard\u0131ndan\u201d, <\/strong>CC Yazarlar\u0131, 11. 10. 2009, \u2019Gen\u00e7 bir kaynak\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n dedikleri ve durum\u2019. \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

4) <\/strong>Bkz. \u201cAdige Halk Kongresi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc toplant\u0131s\u0131 karar\u0131d\u0131r\u201d, <\/strong>CC Tarih b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, internet; \u00a0“J\u0131neps<\/strong>, \u00a0Eyl\u00fcl 2006 Ek: 1\u201d; \u00a0Adige Halk Kongresi\u2019nin 21 May\u0131s 2006 g\u00fcnl\u00fc tarihsel karar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisi, \u00a0s. \u00a023.<\/p>\n


\nNot: <\/strong> 5 Kas\u0131m 2009 tarihi itibariyle g\u00fcncellenmi\u015f ve geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Rayonlar ve Etnik Yap\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Tahtamukay rayonu (\u0422\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0442\u044d\u043c\u044b\u043a\u044a\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Adigey\u2019in kuzeybat\u0131 ucundaki rayonudur, y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 440 km. kare, n\u00fcfusu 65 bin 474 (2002), rayon merkezi Tahtamukay<\/strong> beldesidir (5 bin 117). Rayon halk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Rus\u2019tur.<\/p>\n

    Kuban (P\u015f\u0131z) Irma\u011f\u0131 solunda bulunan Tahtamukay<\/strong> \u00a0(\u0422\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0442\u044d\u043c\u044b\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0439; eski ad\u0131: \u201cOktyabrski\u201d) rayonunda 4 Shapsugh<\/strong> (\u0428\u0430\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a\/Af\u0131ps\u0131p, Pseyt\u0131ku, Peneh\u2019es<\/strong>, Ha\u015ft\u0131ku<\/strong>), bir Natuhay<\/strong> (\u041d\u044d\u0442\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0439\/Natuhay<\/strong>) ve 5 de Bjedugh <\/strong>k\u00f6y\u00fc (\u0411\u0436\u044a\u044d\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0443\/Tahtamukay, Bj\u0131hakoya\u00e7, Bj\u0131hakoyej, \u015e\u0131nc\u0131y <\/strong>ve Kozet<\/strong>) bulunur.<\/p>\n

    Belde (kent) tipi iki yerle\u015fimi vard\u0131r: Yablonovskiy<\/strong> (\u041a\u043e\u0449\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0431\u043b; 25 bin 063; Rus- % 64,48; Adige- % 24,18; Ermeni – % 3,41) ve Enem<\/strong> (\u0418\u043d\u044d\u043c; 17 bin 654). Okrug (bucak) merkezleri de Af\u0131ps\u0131p, Kozet, \u015e\u0131nc\u0131y, Bj\u0131hakoyej <\/strong>ve Tahtamukay<\/strong>\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, Anapa <\/strong>yak\u0131n\u0131nda bir Natuhay<\/strong> k\u00f6y\u00fc olarak 1864 etnik temizli\u011fi sonras\u0131nda kurulup kalm\u0131\u015f olan Hatramtuk<\/strong> k\u00f6y\u00fc (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0442\u044b\u043a\u0443), 1924\u2019te yerinden kald\u0131r\u0131larak ve Natuhay k\u00f6y\u00fc<\/strong> ad\u0131 da verilerek Tahtamukay rayonunun Bjedugh y\u00f6resine nakledilmi\u015ftir (1).<\/p>\n

    Yol yap\u0131m\u0131 ve turistik tesis projeleri<\/p>\n

    Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte stratejik nedenlerle, Shapsugh ve Bjedugh yerle\u015fim y\u00f6releri aras\u0131ndaki bir alan\/\u015ferit, yerli n\u00fcfusundan bo\u015falt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bu yere\u00a0\u00a0 Krasnodar-Novorossiysk kara ve demiryolu hatt\u0131 in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. \u015eimdi, bu eski stratejik hat \u00fczerinde Yablonovskiy<\/strong> ve Enem<\/strong> beldeleri bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

    Bu son d\u00f6nemde, \u00e7o\u011funluk n\u00fcfusu Rus\u00e7a konu\u015fan bu iki beldeye y\u00f6nelik Adige g\u00f6\u00e7leri de ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu hat d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Adigey\u2019de modern bir otoyol da yoktur. \u0130l ya da k\u00f6y yollar\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bir proje olarak, \u00a0Krasnodar\u2019dan ba\u015flay\u0131p Maykop\u2019a, oradan da Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki yerli Shapsughlar\u0131n<\/strong> bar\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e (So\u00e7i) metropoliten alan\u0131na, \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e\u2019nin 10 km. kuzeyindeki \u201cT\u0131\u011fem\u0131ps\u201d<\/strong> (\u0422\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c\u044b\u043f\u0441; Rus\u00e7a: Dagom\u0131s) liman\u0131na uzanacak ve \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e (So\u00e7i) metropoliten alan\u0131 ile \u00e7evresindeki Maykop rayonunu kapsayacak, ekonomik ve turistik bir y\u00f6re olu\u015fturacak olan bir otoyol yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131<\/strong>, RF Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 (\u015fimdi Ba\u015fbakan) Vladimir PUT\u0130N <\/strong>taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, ancak\u00a0\u00a0 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u00a0 durdurulmu\u015ftur, s\u00f6ylendi\u011fine g\u00f6re UNESCO<\/strong> engeli do\u011fmu\u015ftur (2). 2014 K\u0131\u015f Olimpiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong> \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e\u2019de yap\u0131lacak olmas\u0131, Maykop Havaliman\u0131<\/strong>\u2019n\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesini ve s\u00f6z konusu otoyolun yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131<\/strong>, dahas\u0131 AC\u2019nin g\u00fcney il\u00e7esi Maykop rayonunu da kapsayacak geni\u015f bir turistik da\u011f yollar\u0131 ve tesisleri<\/strong> yap\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong> tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor (3). Bu tesisler tamamlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e Olimpiyatlar\u0131 fiyasko ile sonu\u00e7lanacak, \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e ve \u00e7evresi, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u00e7ekici olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini yitirebilecek ve giderek de k\u00f6relecektir\u2026<\/p>\n

    Tahtamukay rayonu, kentle\u015fme ve sanayile\u015fme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan\u00a0 Adigey\u2019in en geli\u015fmi\u015f y\u00f6resi konumundad\u0131r. Rayonda orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir\u00e7ok sanayi kurulu\u015fu bulunuyor (4).<\/p>\n

    \u0130ki edebiyat devi ve \u015eevmen Hazret<\/p>\n

    \u00dcnl\u00fc \u015fair JANE K\u0131r\u0131m\u0131z<\/strong> (1919-1983) ve AC\u2019nin ikinci Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u015eEVMEN Hazret<\/strong> (d.1937) Tahtamukay\u2019\u0131n Af\u0131ps\u0131p<\/strong> k\u00f6y\u00fc do\u011fumludur. JANE K\u0131r\u0131m\u0131z \u015fiirlerinin bir\u00e7o\u011fu \u015fark\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olarak halen s\u00f6ylenen \u00fcnl\u00fc bir \u015fairdir, y\u0131llarca da Adige Radyosu m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u015eEVMEN Hazret ise, Adige k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve yay\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131na kendi cebinden maddi destekte bulunan, Adige dili dersini b\u00fct\u00fcn Adige \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in zorunlu hale getirerek asimilasyonu ve ulusal y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6nleme do\u011frultusunda cesurca ad\u0131mlar atm\u0131\u015f olan \u00a0bir devlet adam\u0131d\u0131r (5).<\/p>\n

    Bu y\u00f6reden yeti\u015fen \u00fcnl\u00fc bir yazar da TSEY \u0130brahim<\/strong>\u2019dir (d. \u015e\u0131nc\u0131y, 1890-1936). Adige Tiyatro Okulu<\/strong>\u2019nu kurmu\u015ftur, yazar\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yap\u0131t\u0131 yan\u0131nda, Adige s\u00f6zl\u00fc edebiyat\u0131ndan esinlenme d\u00f6rt perdelik dram\u0131 \u201cKo\u00e7\u2019as\u201d <\/strong>da T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir (6).<\/p>\n

    \u015eevmen<\/strong>\u2019den \u00f6nce, Adigece iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 bir ders dili idi ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekte\u00a0 de \u2018istenmeyen\u2019 bir ders dili durumuna d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Adigece, sinsice i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f sald\u0131r\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lama kampanyalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndayd\u0131. \u015eevmen\u2019in ki\u015fisel \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 2006\u2019da \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan, Adigece\u2019yi koruma ama\u00e7l\u0131 olan ve Adigece dersini Adige k\u00f6kenli \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in zorunlu dil haline getiren\u00a0 AC \u20182006 e\u011fitim yasas\u0131\u2019<\/strong>, 2006-2007 e\u011fitim- \u00f6\u011fretim\u00a0 y\u0131l\u0131nda uygulamaya konmu\u015ftur. Ancak \u2018Se\u00e7meli bir ders dili olan\u00a0 Adigece\u2019nin zorunlu bir e\u011fitim dili yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019<\/strong> gerek\u00e7esiyle ve \u2019yarg\u0131\u2019 yoluyla iptal ettirilmi\u015ftir (7).<\/p>\n

    Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

    1) <\/strong>Adige\/Shapsugh ayd\u0131n\u0131 N\u0131be Ruslan<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n 1992 ziyaretim s\u0131ras\u0131nda verdi\u011fi bilgiye g\u00f6re, Hatramtuk<\/strong> (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0442\u044b\u043a\u0443) \u015f\u00f6yle kurulmu\u015ftu: Rus ordusunda g\u00f6revli Adige askerler komutanlar\u0131ndan bir k\u00f6y kurma izni al\u0131rlar ve Hatramtuk k\u00f6y\u00fc \u00f6yle kurulur. Bu bilgi gezi yaz\u0131lar\u0131m aras\u0131nda \u201cArgun\u201d<\/strong> gazetesinde de yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. -HCY<\/p>\n

    2) <\/strong>Bkz. \u2018Prof. Bat\u0131rb\u0131y B\u0131rs\u0131r ile S\u00f6yle\u015fi\u2019<\/strong>, CC Yazarlar\u0131, 3.08.2009.<\/p>\n

    3)<\/strong> \u2018Adigey, \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e\u2019den Zaferle D\u00f6nd\u00fc\u2019<\/strong>, CC Haberler, 23.09.2009.<\/p>\n

    4)<\/strong> Bkz. \u201dBesi \u00c7iftli\u011fi Tamamland\u0131\u201d, CC Haberler, 9.04.2009.<\/p>\n

    5)<\/strong> \u015eevmen Hazret\u2019in biyografisi i\u00e7in Bkz. \u201cHazret Sovmen\u201d-<\/strong>Wikipedia; ayr\u0131ca Bkz. \u00a0\u201cHazret \u015eovmen\u2019in Veda Mesaj\u0131\u201d, <\/strong>internet.<\/p>\n

    6)<\/strong> Bkz. \u201cKo\u00e7\u2019as\u201d <\/strong>-\u201dKafkasya K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Dergi\u201d, 20-26; Biyografisi i\u00e7in de Bkz. \u00a0\u201c\u0130brahim Tsey\u201d-<\/strong>Vikipedi.<\/p>\n

    7) <\/strong>S\u00f6zkonusu yasan\u0131n\u00a0 iptal edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, uygulaman\u0131n kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerden s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00f6rne\u011fin 2008-2009 e\u011fitim-\u00f6\u011fretim y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0 14 bini Adige k\u00f6kenli olmak \u00fczere 30 bin \u00fczeri \u00f6\u011frencinin Adigece dersi ald\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 da s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Bkz., \u00c7\u2019ARE Fatim<\/strong>, \u201cDil, Ulusun Temelidir\u201d, <\/strong>CC Edebiyat\/Genel Konular, 14.03.2009, internet.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u00a0Tev\u00e7oj rayonu (\u0422\u044d\u0443\u0446\u043e\u0436\u044a \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d)
      \n<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 710 km. kare, n\u00fcfusu 19 bin 951, rayon merkezi Ponejukay<\/strong> (\u041f\u044d\u043d\u044d\u0436\u044a\u044b\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0439; 3.388).<\/p>\n

      Tahtamukay rayonunun do\u011fu kom\u015fusu olan Tev\u00e7oj <\/strong>\u00a0rayonu Bjedugh<\/strong> \u2013\u00e7o\u011funluk- n\u00fcfusludur, rayonda 13 Adige k\u00f6y\u00fc vard\u0131r: Askalay, Cecehabl, \u011eobekuay, Kun\u00e7\u0131kohabl, Tlevstenhabl, Ne\u015fukuay<\/strong> (\u041d\u044d\u0448\u044a\u0443\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0439), Ve\u00e7ep\u015f\u0131y, Ponej\u0131kuay, P\u00e7\u0131hal\u2019\u0131kuay<\/strong> (\u041f\u0447\u044b\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043b1\u044b\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0439), T\u0131\u011fur\u0131\u011foy, Tev\u00e9habl<\/strong> (\u0422\u044d\u0443\u0435\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0431\u043b), Hatlekuay, \u015e\u0131nc\u0131y<\/strong>. Rayonda tek bir belde vard\u0131r: Tlevstenhabl<\/strong> (\u041b\u044a\u044d\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044d\u043d\u0445\u044ca\u0431\u043b; 4 bin 961). Okruglar\u0131 ise, Askalay, Cecehabl, \u011eobekuay, P\u00e7\u0131hal\u2019\u0131kuay Ponej\u0131kuay, Ve\u00e7ep\u015f\u0131y<\/strong> (\u041e\u0447\u044d\u043f\u0449\u044b\u0439).<\/p>\n

      Tev\u00e7oj rayonu bir tar\u0131m b\u00f6lgesidir. 2009 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kanada\u2019dan ithal edilen iyi cins ve et verimi y\u00fcksek 7.500 dam\u0131zl\u0131k domuzun beslendi\u011fi 6.000 hektar geni\u015fli\u011finde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir domuz \u00e7iftli\u011fi kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

      \u00dcnl\u00fc yazarlar, biliminsanlar\u0131 ve Meot\u00a0 tabletleri
      \n<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u201cP\u015f\u0131-vork zav\u201d<\/strong> (\u041f\u0449\u044b-\u043e\u0440\u043a\u044a \u0437\u0430\u0443; Derebeyleri ile Sava<\/strong>\u015f<\/strong>) (1) adl\u0131, yoksul k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin Ruslarca da desteklenen derebeylerine kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi m\u00fccadeleyi anlatan destan\u0131 ile \u00fcnl\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck Adige halk ozan\u0131 TEV\u00c7OJ Ts\u0131\u011fu<\/strong> (\u0422\u044d\u0443\u0446\u043e\u0436\u044a \u0426\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0443; 1855-1940); \u00f6yk\u00fc ve roman yazar\u0131 m\u00fcteveffa \u00a0A\u015eIN Hazret <\/strong>(2); edebiyat bilimcisi ve ele\u015ftirmen Prof. \u015eE\u015e\u015eE Kazbek <\/strong>(3); yazar, edebiyat bilimcisi, ele\u015ftirmen, Nartlar ve Adige kahramanl\u0131k destanlar\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla \u00fcnl\u00fc ve bilge ki\u015fi Prof. \u015eHALAHO Abu <\/strong>da (\u0428\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0445\u044a\u043e \u0410\u0431\u0443; d. 19.04.1929, Ve\u00e7ep\u015f\u0131y k\u00f6y\u00fc) bu y\u00f6redendir. (4)<\/p>\n

      Bu y\u00f6rede, 1955\u2019te, Ad\u0131gekale<\/strong> kenti (Adigeysk) ile Ne\u00e7erez\u0131y<\/strong> k\u00f6y\u00fc y\u00f6relerinde milat \u00f6ncesine ait bir Meot (<\/strong>\u041c\u044b\u0443\u04421) yaz\u0131l\u0131 tabletleri kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n <\/strong> bulundu\u011fu N. Karaerkek<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan bildirilmektedir (5).<\/p>\n


      \nBilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

      1)<\/strong> Tev\u00e7oj Ts\u0131\u011fo<\/strong>\u2019nun \u201cP\u015f\u0131-verk zav\u201d<\/strong> adl\u0131 destan\u0131ndan al\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n taraf\u0131mdan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u00a0 bir \u00e7evirisi i\u00e7in Bkz. \u201cKafkasya K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Dergi\u201d\/KKD, say\u0131 39-42, s. 185-187.<\/p>\n

      2) A\u015f\u0131n Hazret<\/strong>\u2019in \u201cHasit\u2019u\u201d<\/strong>– \u201c\u0130ki Tarla\u201d<\/strong> adl\u0131 uzun \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’si\u00a0 i\u00e7in Bkz. \u201cBir Avu\u00e7 Toprak\u201d, <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u201cKafkasya KD\u201d, say\u0131 19-25, uzun \u00f6yk\u00fc, son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00f6zetlenerek, N. Karbe\u00e7 imzas\u0131yla taraf\u0131mdan \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

      3) \u015ee\u015f\u015fe Kazbek<\/strong>\u2019in uzun bir ele\u015ftiri yaz\u0131s\u0131 yine taraf\u0131mdan N. Karbe\u00e7 imzas\u0131yla \u00e7evrilerek yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, \u00a0KKD, \u00a0say\u0131 44.<\/p>\n

      4)<\/strong> \u015ehalaho Abu<\/strong>\u2019nun kahramanl\u0131k \u00fczerine baz\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcleri \u201cKuban Kahramanlar\u0131\u201d<\/strong> ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda Fahri Huvaj<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. Kendi \u00e7evirilerimden baz\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in de Bkz. \u00a0\u201cUzaktaki Y\u0131ld\u0131zlar\u0131n I\u015f\u0131lt\u0131lar\u0131\u201d <\/strong>ve \u201cY\u0131ld\u0131z Kahramanlar\u0131\u201d<\/strong>, CC Tarih, 2. \u0130ndex; Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131\/yazar ki\u015fili\u011fi i\u00e7in de Bkz. \u00a0<\/strong>Abu \u015ehalaho: \u00a0\u00dcnl\u00fc Bilim Adam\u0131 ve Adige Yazar\u0131 <\/a>, CC Edebiyat\/\u015eairlerimiz Yazarlar\u0131m\u0131z; \u00a0Abu \u015ehalaho: Ulusun G\u00fcr Bir P\u0131nar\u0131, CC Haberler, 23 Nisan 2009.<\/p>\n

      5) Necmettin Karaerkek<\/strong>, \u00a0\u201cYaz\u0131\u201d, <\/strong>\u00a0Nart dergisi, \u00a0say\u0131 44, \u00a0s. \u00a022-24.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u00a0Ad\u0131gekale kenti<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

         <\/p>\n

        Krasnodar Baraj\u0131 ve Krasnodar\u2019dan Adige k\u00f6yl\u00fclere at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f okkal\u0131 bir kaz\u0131k
        \n<\/strong>
        \nAd\u0131gekale<\/strong> (\u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d\u043a\u044a\u0430\u043b\u044d; Rus\u00e7a: Adigeysk, eski ad\u0131: Tev\u00e7ejsk) kentsel alan\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 82,5 km. kare, n\u00fcfusu 12 bin 209\u2019dur (2002). Rayon Adige\/Bjedugh \u00e7o\u011funluk n\u00fcfusludur. (Adige-% 77,48; Rus-% 18.59). Bu kent, k\u00f6yleri Krasnodar Baraj\u0131<\/strong> sular\u0131 alt\u0131nda kalan 8 Adige k\u00f6y\u00fc (Yedeps\u0131koyej\/\u0415\u0434\u044d\u043f\u0441\u044b\u043a\u044a\u043e\u0435\u0436\u044a, Yedeps\u0131koya\u00e7v\/\u0415\u0434\u044d\u043f\u0441\u044b\u043a\u044a\u043e\u044f\u043a1, Lah\u015f\u0131kuay\/\u041b\u0430\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0449\u044b\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0439, Leninehabl, Ne\u00e7erez\u0131y, Kazenekoyej\/\u041a\u044a\u044d\u044d\u043d\u044d\u043a\u044a\u043e\u0435\u0436\u044a, Kazenekoya\u00e7v\/\u041a\u044a\u044d\u0437\u044d\u043d\u044d\u043a\u044a\u043e\u044f\u043a1, \u015eebenehabl) halk\u0131 i\u00e7in bir i\u015f\u00e7i kenti olarak 27 Temmuz 1976\u2019da kurulmu\u015f, ancak yeni kentlilerin yerinde istihdam\u0131 i\u00e7in Moskova\u2019dan g\u00f6nderilen paran\u0131n tamam\u0131, o zamanlar bir \u00fcst y\u00f6netim birimi olan Krasnodar Kray y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan bloke\/i\u00e7 edilip \u201cba\u015fka ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan\u201d, Ad\u0131gekale halk\u0131na ama\u00e7lanan hizmet g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclememi\u015f, bu insanlar hak etmedikleri halde, y\u0131llardan beri, her g\u00fcn, uzaktaki Krasnodar kentine gidip gelerek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu son y\u0131llarda kent \u00e7evresinde baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sanayi tesisleri kurulmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        AC Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 THAKU\u015eIN Aslan<\/strong>, bu yak\u0131nlarda, \u2018Ad\u0131gekale, G\u00fcney Rusya\u2019n\u0131n en g\u00fczel kenti haline gelecektir\u2019<\/strong> s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc vermi\u015ftir, g\u00f6rece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u00a0Krasnogvardeyski rayonu (\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u044d \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d)<\/strong>
          \n<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 725.5 km. kare, n\u00fcfusu 31 bin 536, rayon merkezi, \u00e7o\u011funluk n\u00fcfusu Rus olan Krasnogvardeyski<\/strong> (9 bin 065) beldesidir, rayonun n\u00fcfus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu da Rus\u2019tur.<\/p>\n

          Do\u011fuda, \u00a0Laba Irma\u011f\u0131 solunda 2 K\u2019emguy<\/strong> (\u041a1\u044d\u043c\u0433\u0443\u0439; Adem\u0131y, Cambe\u00e7\u0131y<\/strong>), 1 Hatukuay<\/strong> (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0439\/ Hatikuay<\/strong>), 1 Bjedugh<\/strong> (Bjedughhabl<\/strong>) ve 1 Besleney<\/strong> (\u0423\u043b\u0430\u043f\/V\u0131lap<\/strong> ) k\u00f6y\u00fc de vard\u0131r. Krasnogvardeyski rayonunda Milat (4 bin 500 y\u0131l) \u00f6ncesine ait Adige kent yerle\u015fimi kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131<\/strong> bulunmu\u015ftur. Rayonun okruglar\u0131: Beloselski, Bol\u015fesidorovski, Hatukuay, Krasnogvardeyski, Sadov\u0131y, V\u0131lap, Yelenovski<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

          HADE\u011eAL’E Asker, KESTANE Dmitr\u0131y ve THAKU\u015eIN Aslan\u2019\u0131n yeti\u015fti\u011fi verimli rayon<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Adige Nart destan\u0131n\u0131n derlenmesi, incelenmesi ve tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck eme\u011fi ge\u00e7en dilbilimci, yazar ve bilge ki\u015fi Prof. HADE\u011eAL\u2019E<\/strong> Asker <\/strong> (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u0434\u044d\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043b1\u044d \u0410\u0441\u043a\u044d\u0440; 1922-2009, \u00a0Hatukuay) bu y\u00f6redendir, Hade\u011fal\u2019 \u00fcnl\u00fc bir \u015fair, yazar ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131d\u0131r da (*). Ayr\u0131ca \u00fcnl\u00fc yazar, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ve ele\u015ftirmen KESTANE Dmitr\u0131y<\/strong> (1912-1985) de bu y\u00f6reden olup Bjedughhabl k\u00f6y\u00fc do\u011fumludur. AC\u2019nin yeni Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Prof. THAKU\u015eIN<\/strong> Aslan<\/strong> da (d.1947) bu y\u00f6reden ve V\u0131lap k\u00f6y\u00fc do\u011fumludur (**).<\/p>\n

          Bilgi notu: <\/strong>
          \n(*)<\/strong> A. Hade\u011fal\u2019\u0131n \u201cNartlar\u201d<\/strong> adl\u0131 bilimsel yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00e7evirisi Jineps<\/strong> gazetesinin 20. \u00a0say\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015flanarak yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; ayn\u0131 yay\u0131n i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca Bkz. \u00a0\u201cNartlar: Adige Yi\u011fitlik Destan\u0131\u201d, <\/strong> 1-7, CC Edebiyat\/Efsaneler \u2013Mitoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc.<\/p>\n

          (**) <\/strong>Thaku\u015f\u0131n Aslan ile yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme ve haberlerin \u00e7evirileri \u201cJ\u0131neps\u201d <\/strong>gazetesi ile CC\u2019de bulunuyor. Biyografisi i\u00e7in de Bkz. \u00a0\u201cAslan Tkhakushinov\/Aslan Thaku\u015finov\u201d-<\/strong>Vikipedi.<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \u00a0\u015eevgen rayonu<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Rayonun y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 521 km. kare, n\u00fcfusu 16.388 (2002), y\u00f6netim merkezi Hakur\u0131nehabl beldesidir (4,1 bin, 2006\u2019da), rayon n\u00fcfusu. N\u00fcfus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Adige\u2019dir. Verimli topra\u011f\u0131 ile bir tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6residir.<\/p>\n

            Bir dev ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yazar ile \u00dclke Kahraman\u0131 bir Adige yazar\u0131 ve iki \u00fcnl\u00fc biliminsan\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Laba Irma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sol k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131\u00a0 boyunca g\u00fcneye do\u011fru \u015eevgen (\u0428\u044d\u0443\u0434\u0436\u044d\u043d) rayonunda 4 K\u2019emguy<\/strong> (C\u0131rak\u0131y, Kabehabl, P\u015f\u0131j\u0131habl, Hat\u0131\u011fuj\u0131kuay<\/strong>), 1 Abzegh<\/strong> (Hakur\u0131nehabl)<\/strong> ve 1 Mamh\u0131\u011f<\/strong> (\u041c\u0430\u043c\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a) k\u00f6y\u00fc vard\u0131r. Hakur\u0131nehabl (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0440\u044b\u043d\u044d\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0431\u043b) k\u00f6y\u00fcnde do\u011fup ABD\u2019nin Paterson kentinde, s\u00fcrg\u00fcnde \u00f6len \u00fcnl\u00fc edebiyat bilimcisi, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131, Adige folkloru ve Nartlar \u00fczerine geni\u015f derlemeleri bulunan bilge ki\u015fi KUBE \u015eaban<\/strong> (\u041a1\u0443\u0431\u044d \u0428\u044d\u0431\u0430\u043d; 1890-1974) bu y\u00f6redendir (*). Okruglar\u0131: C\u0131rak\u0131y<\/strong> (\u0414\u0436\u044b\u0440\u0430\u043a\u044a\u044b\u0439), Dukmanovski, Hakur<\/strong>\u0131nehabl, Hat\u0131\u011fuj\u0131kuay, Mamh\u0131\u011f, Zarevski. <\/strong><\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Rayonda yeti\u015fen bir yazar da SSCB Kahraman\u0131 ANDRIHOYE Hus\u00e9n<\/strong>\u2019dir (\u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u044b\u0445\u044a\u043e\u0435 \u0425\u044a\u0443\u0441\u0435\u043d; 1921-1942). \u015eair \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda Ukrayna\u2019da \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. An\u0131t\u0131 do\u011fdu\u011fu Hakur\u0131nehabl k\u00f6y\u00fcnde ve \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yerde, Ukrayna\u2019da dikilidir (**).<\/p>\n

            Rayon do\u011fumlu ki\u015filer aras\u0131nda,her ikisi de birer dilbilimi profes\u00f6r\u00fc olan Dr. \u011eI\u015e Nuh (***) ile Dr. BIRSIR Bat\u0131rb\u0131y (****) say\u0131labilir.
            \n<\/strong><\/p>\n

            Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

            (*) KUBE \u015eaban<\/strong>\u2019\u0131n \u201cK\u0131zlar\u0131n A\u011f\u0131t\u0131\u201d, \u201cKurj\u0131s\u0131pe Sava\u015f\u0131\u201d, \u201c\u015eagu\u00e7 Gelinlerinin A\u011f\u0131t\u0131\u201d, \u201cS\u0131b\u0131r O\u015fha\u201d<\/strong> \u015fiir derlemeleri \u00e7evirileri i\u00e7in Bkz. CC Edebiyat\/\u015eiirler; \u201c\u0425\u0430\u0442\u0445\u044d\u00a0 \u041a\u044a\u043e\u043a1\u0430\u0441\u201d <\/strong>(\u00c7erkes\u00e7e), \u201cBoletekop\u015f\u201d, \u201cHatitlerin T\u00fcrk\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d, \u201cBjedugh Atl\u0131lar\u0131\u201d, \u201cHath\u2019\u0131 O\u011flu Ko\u00e7\u2019as\u201d<\/strong> \u015fiir derlemeleri i\u00e7in de Bkz. CC Edebiyat\/Efsaneler-Mitoloji B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc.<\/p>\n

            (**) Andr\u0131hoye Hus\u00e9n<\/strong>\u2019e ili\u015fkin Dmitriy Karabanov<\/strong>\u2019un de\u011ferlendirmesi i\u00e7in Bkz. \u201cRusya Federasyonu Emeklileri Dayan\u0131\u015fma \u0130\u00e7indeler\u201d, CC Haberler, 28. 10. 2009. <\/strong><\/p>\n

            (***) \u011eI\u015e Nuh<\/strong> i\u00e7in Bkz. \u201cAdigece\u2019nin Temel Sorunlar\u0131\u201d-1-2<\/strong>; \u201cAdigece Hayvanlar S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/strong>\u201d,CC Edebiyat\/Genel Konular.
            \n(****) BIRSIR Bat\u0131rb\u0131y<\/strong> i\u00e7in Bkz. \u201cBat\u0131rb\u0131y BIRSIR: \u00dcnl\u00fc Adige dil bilgini<\/strong>\u201d; \u201cBIRSIR Bat\u0131rb\u0131y: B\u0131kmadan \u00c7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m<\/strong>\u201d,CC Edebiyat\/Genel Konular;ayr\u0131ca Bkz. Prof. Bat\u0131rb\u0131y B\u0131rs\u0131r ile S\u00f6yle\u015fi 03.08.2009,CC Yazarlar\u0131<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Ko\u015fhabl rayonu (\u041a\u043e\u0449\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044d \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 606 km. kare, n\u00fcfusu 30,9 bin, y\u00f6netim merkezi Ko\u015fhabl bedesidir (7 bin 309).<\/p>\n

              Rayonda 3 Kabardey<\/strong> (Ko\u015fhabl, Bla\u015feps\u0131n, Fedz<\/strong>), 1 K\u2019emguy<\/strong> (Ha\u00e7\u2019emz\u0131y<\/strong>) ve bir de Yegerukay<\/strong> (Yecer\u0131kuay) k\u00f6y\u00fc vard\u0131r. Ko\u015fhabl 1868\u2019de kurulmu\u015f olup Maykop\u2019a 70, Krasnodar\u2019a da 150 km mesafededir.<\/p>\n

              Ko\u015fhabl rayonu kuzey-g\u00fcney y\u00f6n\u00fcnde 74 km boyunda, do\u011fu-bat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde de 20 km eninde \u015ferit bi\u00e7imli bir rayondur. Okruglar\u0131: Bla\u015feps\u0131n, Volnenskoye<\/strong> (merkezi: selo Volnoye), Dmitriyevskoye<\/strong> (merkezi: poselok Drujba), \u0130gnatiyevskoye (merkezi: Hutor \u0130gnatiyevskiy), Fedz, Ko\u015fhabl, Mayskoye<\/strong> (poselok Mayskiy), Nat\u0131rbovskoye<\/strong> (selo Nat\u0131rbovo), Yecer\u0131kuay<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

              Rayon n\u00fcfusu i\u00e7inde 15 bin 459 Adige, 13 bin 457 Rus, 624 Ermeni, 601 Tatar, 263 Ukraynal\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

              Dev bir yazar ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da sanat insan\u0131 yeti\u015ftiren bir rayon<\/strong><\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

              Adige edebiyat dilinin\u00a0 kurucusu, \u201cMutluluk Yolu\u201d <\/strong> (Nas\u0131p\u0131m y\u0131\u011fogu\/\u041d\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043f\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0433\u044a\u043e\u0433\u0443) adl\u0131 roman\u0131n yazar\u0131 K\u2019ERA\u015e Tembot <\/strong>\u00a0(\u041a1\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0449\u044d \u0422\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043e\u0442; \u00a01902-1988) \u00a0Ko\u015fhabl<\/strong> K\u00f6y\u00fcnde\/beldesinde do\u011fmu\u015ftur (*). \u2018Mutluluk Yolu\u2019 roman\u0131 \u20181948 y\u0131l\u0131 Sovyetler Birli\u011fi Devlet \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/strong>K\u2019era\u015f\u2019\u0131n \u201cTek Atl\u0131\u201d (\u0428\u044b\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u044a\u0443) <\/strong> roman\u0131 YENEMIKO Mevl\u00fct Atalay<\/strong>; \u201c\u015eaps\u0131\u011fe p\u015f\u2019a\u015f\u2019e\u201d<\/strong> (\u0428\u0430\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u043f\u0448\u044a\u0430\u0448\u044a\u044d; Shapsugh K\u0131z\u0131) adl\u0131 uzun \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc de \u201c\u00c7erkes K\u0131z\u0131<\/strong> Gulez\u201d<\/strong> ad\u0131yla Fahri Huvaj<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019ye \u00e7evrilmi\u015ftir. Taraf\u0131mdan yap\u0131lan \u201cMutluluk Yolu\u201d <\/strong>roman\u0131 \u00e7evirisi ise, hen\u00fcz tamamlanmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yazar\u0131n ad\u0131 -onursal anlamda- \u2018Adige Sosyal Bilimler Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019ne verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

              K\u2019era\u015f ailesinden m\u00fcteveffa Prof. K\u2019ERA\u015eE Zeynab<\/strong> (1923-1998) da \u00fcnl\u00fc bir Adige dilbilimci idi ve kendisinden de\u011ferli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00fcr\u00fcnleri kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak ad\u0131na d\u00fczenlenen tan\u0131tma plaketi yaz\u0131s\u0131, -belki de Ruslara yaranmak i\u00e7in olabilir- \u00e7ok sevdi\u011fi Adige dilinde de\u011fil, s\u0131rf Rus\u00e7a yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

              \u00dcnl\u00fc m\u00fczik insan\u0131 m\u00fcteveffa\u00a0 THABISIM V\u0131mar <\/strong>(**), m\u00fczisyen HA\u011eEVIC M\u0131hamed, <\/strong>besteciler TIKO Kaplan<\/strong> ve ANDZERKO Vya\u00e7eslav<\/strong> Ko\u015fhabl rayonundand\u0131r. Ko\u015fhabl\u00a0 beldesinde Thab\u0131s\u0131m V\u0131mar ad\u0131na bir m\u00fcze<\/strong> kurulmu\u015ftur, s\u00f6zleri \u00fcnl\u00fc Adige \u015fairi ve yazar\u0131 ME\u015eBA\u015e\u015eE \u0130shak<\/strong>\u2019a ait olan Adige Ulusal Mar\u015f\u0131 <\/strong>da THABISIM V\u0131mar<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan bestelenmi\u015ftir .<\/p>\n

              Bir ba\u015fka \u00fcnl\u00fc sanat insan\u0131 da MURETE \u00c7epay<\/strong>\u2019d\u0131r (d. 1939, Fedz k\u00f6y\u00fc). Murete \u00c7epay oyunculu\u011fu yan\u0131nda, usta bir oyun yazar\u0131 ve y\u00f6netmendir de. Yazar\u0131n \u201cKahraman\u201d<\/em> <\/strong>(\u0411\u0430\u0442\u044bp) <\/em> ve \u201cDul Kad\u0131nlar\u201d<\/em><\/strong> (\u0428\u044a\u0443\u0437\u0430\u0431\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440) <\/em> adl\u0131 oyunlar\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc Adige y\u00f6netmen K\u2019URA\u015eINE Askerb\u0131y<\/strong> (\u041aI\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0449\u044b\u043d\u044d \u0410\u0441\u043a\u044d\u0440\u0431\u044b\u0439)<\/em> taraf\u0131ndan sahnelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

              MURETE \u00c7epay, 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda Ankara\u2019da yap\u0131lan s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fcn 125. y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 anma toplant\u0131s\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Adigece lirik konu\u015fmas\u0131 ile kitleleri b\u00fcy\u00fclemi\u015fti, an\u0131s\u0131 hala belleklerdedir.<\/p>\n

              \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131nda Adigey\u2019in 55 bin n\u00fcfuslu Adige toplumu 17 bin dolay\u0131nda bir erkek n\u00fcfus kayb\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu say\u0131 toplam n\u00fcfusun % 30\u2019dan \u00e7o\u011fu, erkek n\u00fcfusunun da % 60\u2019dan, anlam\u0131na geliyordu. Adige kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n da % 60\u2019dan \u00e7o\u011fu dul kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yazar\u0131n annesi de dul kalm\u0131\u015f, \u015fehit e\u015fi (\u015fehide) olan\u00a0 kad\u0131nlardan biriydi. \u201cDul Kad\u0131nlar\u201d<\/em><\/strong> piyesi i\u015fte bu toplumsal yaray\u0131 ele al\u0131p kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fi \u00e7ileleri i\u015flemektedir (***).<\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

              AC\u2019nin ilk Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131 CARIME<\/strong> Aslan <\/strong>da (d.1939) Yecer\u0131kuay k\u00f6y\u00fc do\u011fumlu bir devlet adam\u0131 ve diplomatt\u0131r. Yegerukay k\u00f6y\u00fcnde\u00a0 bir Adige\/Wub\u0131h\u00a0 ailesinin \u00e7ocu\u011fu olarak do\u011fan Car\u0131me Aslan, \u00e7o\u011funluktaki Ruslarla az\u0131nl\u0131ktaki Adigeleri birle\u015ftirici ve uzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir lider olarak Adigey Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015fu a\u015famas\u0131nda olumlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda bulunmu\u015ftur. Kal\u0131c\u0131\u00a0 ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri de, 1998\u2019de, 200 dolay\u0131ndaki Kosoval\u0131 Adige\u2019nin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne ve Maykop yak\u0131n\u0131nda, bu Adigeler i\u00e7in \u2018Mafehable\u2019<\/strong> k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn kurulu\u015funa sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

              Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

              (*) <\/strong> Tembot K\u2019era\u015f\u2019\u0131n \u201cMutluluk Yolu\u201d <\/strong>\u00a0(\u041d\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043f\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0433\u044a\u043e\u0433\u0443) roman\u0131 \u00e7evirileri i\u00e7in Bkz. \u00a0\u2018Mutluluk Yolu\u2019<\/strong>, CC Edebiyat\/\u00d6yk\u00fcler; yazar\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in Bkz. \u00a0Tembot K’era\u015f: \u00a0Adige Ulusunu Anlatan Yazar<\/a><\/strong>, CC Edebiyat\/\u015eairlerimiz Yazarlar\u0131m\u0131z; Biyografisi i\u00e7in de Bkz. \u00a0\u201cTembot K\u2019era\u015f\u201d-<\/strong>Vikipedi.
              \n(**) <\/strong>Adige m\u00fczi\u011fi \u00fczerine derleme bilgilere ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f bulunuyorum. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz m\u00fczi\u011fini bilimsel anlamda inceleyen ve de\u011ferlendiren bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ise rastlam\u0131\u015f de\u011filim. Ayr\u0131ca, baz\u0131 arkada\u015flar adlar\u0131n Kiril alfabesiyle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vermiyorlar, sesleri tam yans\u0131tmayan ya da yanl\u0131\u015f\/farkl\u0131 yans\u0131tan \u2018\u00f6zel\u2019 harfler kullan\u0131yorlar. Bu da sonu\u00e7ta\u00a0 bilgi kirlili\u011fine yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u201c\u0417\u0435\u043a1\u043e\u0442\u0445\u044c\u044d\u201d <\/strong>kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cZek\u2019otha\u201d yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 en uygun d\u00fc\u015fecek iken, \u00a0\u201cZigutha\u201d <\/strong>gibi uydurma; \u00a0\u201c\u041a\u044a\u044d\u0431\u044d\u0440\u0434\u0435\u0439<\/strong> ya da \u041a\u044a\u044d\u0431\u044d\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0439\u201d <\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak da \u201cKabardey <\/strong>ya da Kabartay\u201d <\/strong>yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken, her ne hikmetse \u201cKhabardey\u201d <\/strong>, vb gibi gereksiz \u015feyler yaz\u0131lmakta, durum Arap sa\u00e7\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Khabardey yaz\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u2018bizim alfabemiz \u00f6yle\u2019 diyenler olabilir, ancak bu bir resmi ve oturmu\u015f alfabe de\u011fildir, bu t\u00fcr alfabe denemeleri s\u00f6zc\u00fckleri s\u0131rf \u00c7erkesce olan bir metinde kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa anla\u015f\u0131labilir. Bu bak\u0131mdan bizim art\u0131k Kiril alfabesini \u00f6\u011frenmemiz, \u00f6\u011fretmemiz ve kullanmam\u0131z gerekiyor. Fazlas\u0131, bundan sonras\u0131 i\u00e7in\u00a0 gereksizdir, sadece bilgi kirlenmesine ve zaman kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. . Adige alfabesi yaz boz tahtas\u0131 haline getirilmemelidir. Adlar\u0131n do\u011fru verilemedi\u011fi, ama \u00f6nemli olan – L\u2019IHU\u00c7\u2019E Anzav\u0131r<\/strong>\u2019a ait (\u041b1\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443\u04471\u044d \u0410\u043d\u0437\u0430\u0443\u0440)- ge\u00e7mi\u015f Adige m\u00fczi\u011fi \u00fczerine\u00a0 bir yaz\u0131 i\u00e7in Bkz. \u00a0\u201c\u00c7erkes m\u00fczi\u011finin d\u00fcn\u00fc bug\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d, <\/strong>internet<\/p>\n

              (***) <\/strong>Murete \u00c7epay i\u00e7in de Bkz. \u00a0Murat \u00c7epaye ve Tiyatro \u00dczerine<\/a>, <\/strong> CC Sanat\/Tiyatro, internet.<\/p>\n

              <\/p>\n

              Adigey Cumhuriyeti rayonlar\u0131: <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

              1) Maykop kentsel alan\u0131
              \n2) Ad\u0131gekale kentsel alan\u0131
              \n3) Cace (Giaginski) rayonu
              \n4) Ko\u015fhabl rayonu
              \n5) Krasnogvardeyski rayonu
              \n6) Maykop rayonu
              \n7) Tahtamukay rayonu
              \n8) Tev\u00e7oj rayonu
              \n9) \u015eevgen rayonu<\/p>\n

              Buraya kadar inceledi\u011fimiz rayonlar 1936 y\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6ncesi Adigey topraklar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. Cace (Giaginski) rayonu (\u0414\u0436\u044d\u0434\u0436\u044d \u0440\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043d)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                Y\u00fcz\u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc 790 km. kare, n\u00fcfusu 33.2 bin (2005), rayon merkezi Cace (\u0414\u0436a\u0434\u0436\u044d\/ \u0414\u0436\u044d\u0434\u0436\u044d; Giaginskaya) beldesidir (15.2 bin), Maykop\u2019a 30 km mesafededir.<\/p>\n

                Cace Adigeleri 1880\u2019lerde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f, \u00a0bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da, \u00a01864\u2019ten sonra cang\u0131la d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki eski topraklar\u0131na d\u00f6nerek, 1924-1945 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00f6zerkli\u011fi de bulunan Shapsughya<\/strong>\u2019y\u0131 (\u015fimdi \u015e\u2019a\u00e7e ve Tuapse) olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r (*). \u00a0Rayon topraklar\u0131 son derece verimlidir, ancak tar\u0131ma dayal\u0131 sanayilerin gerilemesi ve g\u00f6receli olarak \u00f6nemsizle\u015fmesi sonucu bir yoksulla\u015fma ve rayon d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 olay\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131yor. N\u00fcfus da buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak azal\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

                Okruglar\u0131: Ayrumovski (merkezi: Nov\u0131y Rus beldesi), Dondukovskoye (merkezi: Dondukovskaya stanitsas\u0131), Giaginskoye (merkezi: Giaginskaya stanitsas\u0131), Kelemerskoye (merkezi: Kelermesskaya stanitsas\u0131), Sergiyevskoye (merkezi: Sergiyevskoye Rus k\u00f6y\u00fc) (**).<\/p>\n

                Rayonda bir \u015feker fabrikas\u0131<\/strong> da vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

                 <\/p>\n

                Bilgi notu: <\/strong><\/p>\n

                (*)<\/strong> 1864 etnik temizli\u011fi sonucu \u015fimdiki Cace rayonuna ve \u00e7evresine yerle\u015ftirilen Adigelerin ya\u015fam\u0131, \u00a0T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilmeleri, Hak\u2019u\u00e7 (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043a1\u0443\u0446\u0443) direni\u015fi ve Karadeniz K\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 \u015eapsu\u011fya\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n yeniden olu\u015fumu i\u00e7in Bkz. Tamara V. Polovinkina, \u00a0\u201c\u00c7erkesya G\u00f6n\u00fcl Yaram\u201d<\/strong>, Ankara, 2007. Adigelerin i\u00e7 s\u00fcrg\u00fcn\u00fc olay\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca Bkz. \u201cAbzegh \u00dclkesi Bozulunca\u2026\u201d, CC Tarih, 1.\u0130ndex.<\/p>\n

                (**) <\/strong>Resmi literat\u00fcrde Kazak yerle\u015fimlerine stanitsa<\/strong>, Adige k\u00f6ylerine avul<\/strong> (\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d), kent tipi Rus yerle\u015fimine poselok<\/strong> (\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0451\u043b\u043e\u043a), k\u00f6ye selo<\/strong>, birka\u00e7 evlik yerle\u015fime de hutor<\/strong> (\u0445\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0440; k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7iftlik) denir.<\/p>\n

                <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                HAPİ Cevdet Yıldız Genel bilgiler Kuzey Kafkasya’da,  Rusya Federasyonu (RF) üyesi olup Adige\/Çerkeslerin yaşadığı üç cumhuriyetten (AC, KÇC, KBC) biri. Toprakları bütünüyle Krasnodar Kray sınırları içindedir. Yüzölçümü  7.792 km. kare ya da 3.009 mil kare (200 km. karelik Krasnodar Baraj Gölü ile), nüfusu 447.109 (2002; 2009’da 442,775), başkenti Maykop (Мыекъуaпэ\/Mıyekuape; 2002’de 156.931). Nüfusun 234.900’ü kentli […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5417","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kuzey-bati-kafkasya","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5417","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5417"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5417\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37536,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5417\/revisions\/37536"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5417"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5417"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5417"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}