{"id":5456,"date":"2019-03-03T18:27:17","date_gmt":"2019-03-03T18:27:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=5456"},"modified":"2019-03-03T18:27:17","modified_gmt":"2019-03-03T18:27:17","slug":"tastan-da-faydalaniyorlardi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/tastan-da-faydalaniyorlardi\/","title":{"rendered":"TA\u015eTAN DA FAYDALANIYORLARDI"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

TEVU Aslan<\/strong>
\n<\/span> Arkeolog, Rusya Gazeteciler Birli\u011fi \u00dcyesi, AC Onursal K\u00fclt\u00fcr Emek\u00e7isi<\/span>
\n\u00c7eviri: A\u00c7UMIJ Hilmi<\/span><\/p>\n

Adige masallar\u0131nda ta\u015fa dair ilgin\u00e7, mesela insanlar\u0131n ta\u015f kesildikleri sonra yeniden canland\u0131klar\u0131 gibi anlat\u0131lara rastl\u0131yoruz. Onlar konu\u015fuyorlar, insani niteliklere sahipler, seviyorlar, merhamete de sahipler adalet i\u00e7in de m\u00fccadele ediyorlar. Masallarda sonsuza kadar ta\u015f kesilenlerde var belli bir zaman sonra yeniden canlanacak olanlarda var.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fka uluslar\u0131n s\u00f6ylencelerinde de insanlar\u0131n ta\u015f kesildi\u011fine rastl\u0131yoruz. \u00d6rne\u011fin Rum efsanelerinde Zeus kendisini dinlemeyenleri ta\u015fa \u00e7eviriyor, Meduze Gorgone kendisine bakanlar\u0131 ta\u015fa \u00e7eviriyordu.
\n<\/span>
\n1982 y\u0131l\u0131nda ikinci Vulape h\u00f6y\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden S<\/span>ava\u015f T<\/span>anr\u0131‘<\/span>s\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7erge \u00e7\u0131kartm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Burada bulunan dire\u011fe saplanm\u0131\u015f k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 \u00fczerine Meduze Gorgone’nin i\u015flendi\u011fi metal bir tabaka ili\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Bu nesnenin \u00f6n\u00fc \u00e7ergenin giri\u015fine bak\u0131yordu. B\u00f6ylece M\u0131vutler soyguncu ve ya\u011fmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7ergeye girmesi halinde ilk olarak ona bakarak ya ta\u015f kesilecekleri yada \u00f6leceklerini umuyor olmal\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

K\u0131z\u0131n Se\u00e7imi…
\n<\/b>
\nMasallar\u0131m\u0131zda ikizlerin bir k\u0131z\u0131 sevdikleri de oluyor. Kendisi ile fl\u00f6rt eden ikizlerin kalplerini k\u0131rmamak i\u00e7in bir otla\u011f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na dikilerek ot bi\u00e7erek kendisine ilk ula\u015fanla evlenece\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Delikanl\u0131lar birbirleri ile yar\u0131\u015f ederek otla\u011f\u0131n sonuna birlikte ula\u015f\u0131p ka\u015fenlerinin eline uzand\u0131klar\u0131nda ikisi birden ta\u015f kesilir.<\/p>\n

Pek \u00e7ok ulus ta\u015f veya ta\u015ftan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f nesneleri ibadet yeri olarak veya ibadethanelerinde kullan\u0131yorlar. Antik \u00e7a\u011flarda Adigelere ait b\u00f6ylesi yerlerde vard\u0131. Yispvuneleri (dolmenler), \u0422\u0445\u044c\u044d\u043d\u044d\u0448\u044a\u0443- dikitler, mezar ta\u015flar\u0131, ta\u015ftan kurban sunaklar\u0131, yaln\u0131z ba\u015f\u0131na bulunan b\u00fcy\u00fck ta\u015flar, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 belirleyen ta\u015flar vb. Avc\u0131larda mesela belirli ta\u015flar\u0131n etraf\u0131nda toplan\u0131rlard\u0131.
\nTa\u015flar\u0131n g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnden d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dair olan inan\u00e7lar\u0131 sebebiyle \u015fim\u015fek d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ta\u015flar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu yerleri dua yeri olarak kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Buralara belirli yiyecekleri g\u00f6t\u00fcrme adetleri de vard\u0131. Genelde k\u0131zart\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veya ha\u015flanm\u0131\u015f kurban etleri gibi.<\/p>\n

Ev yaparken de temel anas\u0131n\u0131n (\u041b\u044a\u0430\u0447I\u044d) k\u00f6\u015felerine ta\u015flar g\u00f6m\u00fcyorlard\u0131.
\nTa\u015flar\u0131n birbirine \u00e7arp\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ise iyi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorlard\u0131. \u00c7ocuklu–<\/span>\u011fumuzda \u00e7ak\u0131l ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 birbirine \u00e7akarken ninelerimiz g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ‘ Yavrum ta\u015flar\u0131 birbirine vurmay\u0131n, yoksa kurakl\u0131k olur’ diyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Da\u011flar\u0131n Zirveleri tanr\u0131ya ait say\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131
\n<\/b>
\nUlusumuz eski d\u00f6nemlerden beri da\u011flara \u00f6nem veriyordu, da\u011flar\u0131n zirvelerinde tanr\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Da\u011flara \u00e7\u0131kan ge\u00e7itlerde bulunan kayalar\u0131n \u00fczerine hediyeler b\u0131rak\u0131yorlard\u0131. B\u00f6ylesi yerlere daha ziyadesiyle silah b\u0131rak\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

M\u0131yekuape rayonunda Tha\u00e7’\u0131\u015fho ile Tha\u00e7\u0131j\u0131y tepeleri bulunuyor. Eski \u00e7a\u011flarda bunlar\u0131n tepelerinde dualar ayinler yap\u0131yorlard\u0131. Eski N<\/span>art s\u00f6ylencelerinde Tha\u015fho’nun ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 O\u015fhamafe‘<\/span>de her y\u0131l T<\/span>anr\u0131lar\u0131n bulu\u015fup ziyafet yapt\u0131klar\u0131 anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Bu toplant\u0131lar\u0131na her y\u0131l Nartlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda insanlara en faydal\u0131 olanlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r ona da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir manda boynuzu dolusu beyaz \u00fcz\u00fcm \u015farab\u0131 ikram ettikleri anlat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Cad\u0131lardan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de korkuyorlar
\n<\/b>
\nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de da\u011flardan gizli olarak cad\u0131lar\u0131n topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6yleniyor. Y\u0131lba\u015f\u0131 geldi\u011finde onlar Sobay tepesinde toplan\u0131p y\u0131l boyunca yapacaklar\u0131 iyilik ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckleri kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p payla\u015f\u0131yorlar. Paylar\u0131n\u0131 deriden boh\u00e7alar\u0131na koyup \u00fczerinden u\u00e7tuklar\u0131 k\u00f6ylere da\u011f\u0131t\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n

Yeni y\u0131l\u0131n girece\u011fi gece cad\u0131lar\u0131n getirece\u011fi zararlardan korunmak i\u00e7in bah\u00e7e giri\u015flerine, ev duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6\u015fesine, bah\u00e7edeki t\u00fcm binalar\u0131n etraf\u0131na, kap\u0131lar\u0131na k\u00fcl d\u00f6k\u00fcyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u00e7inde \u00e7ok mezarta\u015f\u0131 olan mezarl\u0131klar\u0131 cin, \u015feytan, k\u00f6t\u00fc insanlar\u0131n u\u011frak yerleri olduklar\u0131na inan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bunlardan zarar g\u00f6rmemek i\u00e7in ok ba\u015flar\u0131, kuma\u015f \u015feritler, bozuk paralar ve ba\u015fka nesneleri mezarta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine b\u0131rak\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yispvuneleri mezard\u0131
\n<\/b>
\nYispvuneleri tamam\u0131 ta\u015ftan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f mezarlard\u0131, ayin yerleriydi. \u0130lk yap\u0131lan dolmenlerde cenazeler dolmenin duvarlar\u0131 dibine oturtturuluyordu. Bu y\u00fczden (\u0438\u0441\u044b\u043fI\u044d \u0443\u043d – i\u00e7erisinde oturma evi) yispvun diye isimlendirilmi\u015fler–<\/span>di. Dolmenler tek ba\u015flar\u0131na yap\u0131lm\u0131yorlard\u0131 bir vadide pek \u00e7ok dolmen oluyordu. \u00d6rne\u011fin Haceko’daki dolmen grubu 350 kadar dolmenden olu\u015fu–<\/span>yordu. Kuj\u0131ko deresi k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaysa 600 kadar\u0131 bir aradayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanlar kendi ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 evleri topraktan yap\u0131yorlard\u0131 a<\/span>ma sonsuza kadar \u00f6l\u00fclerinin ya\u015fayacaklar\u0131 evleri sonsuza kadar durmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ta\u015ftan yap\u0131yor–<\/span>lard\u0131. Dolmenler insanlarca bozulmazsalar ba\u015flar\u0131na hi\u00e7 bir \u015fey gelmez. Adigeler 5000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine dayanan bu dolmenleri hi\u00e7 k\u0131r\u0131p y\u0131kmad\u0131lar. Ulusumuza ait eski mezarl\u0131klara da, ba\u015fka uluslara it mezarl\u0131klara da hi\u00e7 dokunmad\u0131lar. Fakat son iki y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r topraklar\u0131m\u0131za yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan uluslar bu konuda onlara hi\u00e7 ac\u0131mad\u0131lar, k\u0131rd\u0131lar, patlatt\u0131lar, par\u00e7alara ay\u0131rd\u0131lar, da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Yispvunelerini Adigelerin yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funun g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki kan\u0131tlar\u0131ndan birisi de Shapsugh<\/span>lar\u0131n hala y\u0131lda bir kez bunlardan belirli baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn–<\/span>de toplan\u0131p, dolmenin \u00f6n\u00fcne yiyecekler g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp b\u0131rakmalar\u0131 g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ocu\u011fu olmayan kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in….
\n<\/b>
\n\u00c7ocu\u011fu olmayan kad\u0131n\u0131 Adigeler nasipsiz say\u0131yorlard\u0131. \u00c7ocuk sahibi olma–<\/span>s\u0131 i\u00e7in belirli ta\u015fl\u0131k alanlara g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcyorlard\u0131. Topraklar\u0131m\u0131zda arkeologlar\u0131n buldu\u011fu b\u00f6ylesi yerlerde var.<\/p>\n

Nazar ta\u015flar\u0131
\n<\/b>
\nEskiden ta\u015flar\u0131 nazar de\u011fmesin diye de kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bunlar ortas\u0131 delik ince yass\u0131 dere ta\u015flar\u0131 idi. Bu ta\u015flar\u0131 ev giri\u015flerine \u00e7ocu\u011fun be\u015fi\u011fine, yay\u0131klara, evlerin k\u00f6\u015felerine tak\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

5 bin <\/span>500 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden ba\u015flayarak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bile kullan\u0131l\u0131p insanlar\u0131m\u0131z taraf\u0131ndan fark\u0131na var\u0131lmayan ta\u015f aletlerde var. Bir \u015fey ezmek \u00f6\u011f\u00fctmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ta\u015f de\u011firmenler ve ta\u015f tokmaklar. Pek \u00e7ok k\u00f6yde hala b\u00f6ylesi ta\u015flarla yiyeceklerimizi tatland\u0131ran bj\u0131n\u0131f\u015f\u0131\u011fu yap\u0131lmaya devam ediyor.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TEVU Aslan Arkeolog, Rusya Gazeteciler Birliği Üyesi, AC Onursal Kültür Emekçisi Çeviri: AÇUMIJ Hilmi Adige masallarında taşa dair ilginç, mesela insanların taş kesildikleri sonra yeniden canlandıkları gibi anlatılara rastlıyoruz. Onlar konuşuyorlar, insani niteliklere sahipler, seviyorlar, merhamete de sahipler adalet için de mücadele ediyorlar. Masallarda sonsuza kadar taş kesilenlerde var belli bir zaman sonra yeniden canlanacak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5456","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kuzey-bati-kafkasya","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5456","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5456"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5456\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5458,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5456\/revisions\/5458"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5456"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5456"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5456"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}