{"id":5923,"date":"2021-01-01T14:40:24","date_gmt":"2021-01-01T20:40:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=5923"},"modified":"2021-01-06T16:04:30","modified_gmt":"2021-01-06T22:04:30","slug":"osetler-ve-oset-muzikal-gelenekleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/osetler-ve-oset-muzikal-gelenekleri\/","title":{"rendered":"OSETLER VE OSET M\u00dcZ\u0130KAL GELENEKLER\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

SLONATI<\/span> Sami<\/b><\/p>\n

Kafkas Da\u011flar\u0131’n\u0131n iki taraf\u0131nda yerle\u015fik 500 bin Oset (Oset\u00e7e’de \u0130ron) ya\u015far. Osetler, Kafkasya’n\u0131n yerlileri ile, bir Hint-\u0130ran dili konu\u015fan ve Hint-Avrupa g\u00f6\u00e7menleri olan Alanlar\u0131n kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Osetlerin ger\u00e7ek anavatan\u0131 Kuzey Kafkasya’d\u0131r ancak; baz\u0131 Osetler 16.yy’\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndan ba\u015flay\u0131p, 17. ve 18. yy’lar boyunca Kafkas Da\u011flar\u0131’n\u0131n G\u00fcney’ine g\u00f6\u00e7 ettiler. Bug\u00fcn Kafkasya’da, Kuzey ve G\u00fcney Osetya ad\u0131nda iki ayr\u0131 cumhuriyetin olmas\u0131 siyasi bir sonu\u00e7tur ve Osetler, tek bir cumhuriyetin \u00f6zlemini \u00e7ekmektedirler.<\/p>\n

M\u00fczikal a\u00e7\u0131dan Oset gelenekleriyle Hint-\u0130ran gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7ok az ortak nokta vard\u0131r. Osetler Ortodoks H\u0131ristiyan’d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nart kahramanlar\u0131n\u0131n maceralar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan Nart Destan\u0131, Kuzey Kafkasya’daki t\u00fcm halklar\u0131n ve Osetlerin geleneksel m\u00fcziklerindeki merkezi \u00f6\u011fedir. Telli bir \u00e7alg\u0131 ile kendi kendine e\u015flik ederek \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6yleme \u015feklindeki \u00f6zg\u00fcn icra tarz\u0131 halen korunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kuzey Kafkasya’daki m\u00fczikal k\u00fclt\u00fcrde Avrupa bi\u00e7imlerinin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kta olmas\u0131 1920-40 d\u00f6nemindeki Sovyetler Birli\u011fi k\u00fclt\u00fcrel politikalar\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131t\u0131r. \u00d6nce m\u00fczik okullar\u0131 ve kolejler a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131, arkas\u0131ndan dini etkinlikler yasakland\u0131. Halk danslar\u0131 ve \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 icra eden devlet topluluklar\u0131 kuruldu. 1930’larda Kuzey Kafkasya cumhuriyetlerinde, geleneksel \u00fcflemeli ve telli \u00e7alg\u0131lara dayanan farkl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcklerde yeni \u00e7alg\u0131lar yap\u0131ld\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca yapay \u00e7alg\u0131 orkestralar\u0131 d\u00fczenlendi. 1960’lar\u0131n daha \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 olan siyasi ortam\u0131nda ilk pop ve rock topluluklar\u0131 kuruldu.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm Kafkasya \u00e7oksesli gelene\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi, geleneksel ziyafetler ve benzeri etkinliklerde haz\u0131r bulunan kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar, \u015fark\u0131n\u0131n bas b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne (g\u0131rn\u0131n veya fersag) kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, toplum icrac\u0131lar ve dinleyiciler diye ayr\u0131lmaz. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak erkekler \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Kad\u0131nlar sadece ninniler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131, a\u011f\u0131tlar ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f akordeon e\u015fli\u011finde solo \u015fark\u0131lar s\u00f6ylerler.<\/p>\n

Aeol, \u0130yon, Dor ve Mikrolid diziler eski Oset m\u00fczi\u011finde daha yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Bir solistin hikaye anlat\u0131r gibi s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015fark\u0131lar, ritmik a\u00e7\u0131dan karma\u015f\u0131k olup serbest ritimlidir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7obanlar halen Nart Destan\u0131’nda da bahsedilen eski bir fl\u00fct (wad\u0131ndz) kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Eskiden destanlara e\u015flik i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan, iki ya da \u00fc\u00e7 telli, yayl\u0131 bir lut olan gis\u0131n fend\u0131r, en pop\u00fcler Oset \u00e7alg\u0131s\u0131 olup 1950’lerden beri zaman zaman yerine keman kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. 1930’larda Sovyetler Birli\u011fi’nde yerel halk m\u00fczi\u011fi orkestralar\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131yla, gis\u0131n fend\u0131r’\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli boylar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Osetler, telleri \u00e7ekilerek \u00e7al\u0131nan, uzun sapl\u0131, perdeli bir \u00e7alg\u0131 olan dala fend\u0131r\u0131da kullan\u0131rlar. Bu \u00e7alg\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131nda iki ya da \u00fc\u00e7 teli vard\u0131 ama 1930’larda Oset Devlet Toplulu\u011fu’nda kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere uyarland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli boylar\u0131 geli\u015ftirildi. Geleneksel olan\u0131 halen solo \u015fark\u0131lara e\u015flik i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Oset arp\u0131 duadastanon, diatonik olarak akort edilmi\u015f on-on iki tele sahiptir. Eskiden bir destan kahraman\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7alg\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, sadece erkekler taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7al\u0131n\u0131rd\u0131. Nart Destan\u0131’na g\u00f6re Nart Sirdon bu \u00e7alg\u0131y\u0131, \u00f6l\u00fc o\u011flunun kemik ve sinirlerinden yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Osetler i\u00e7in akordeon (iron kandzal fend\u0131r) bir kad\u0131n \u00e7alg\u0131s\u0131 haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. O kadar pop\u00fcler bir \u00e7alg\u0131 haline geldi ki 19. yy’\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren bu \u00e7alg\u0131 d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnlerde damat taraf\u0131ndan geline verilen zorunlu bir hediye oldu ve kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde, \u00e7alg\u0131 onunla birlikte g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise, Kafkasya’ya \u00f6zg\u00fc el yap\u0131m\u0131 bir akordeon \u00e7e\u015fidi geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir ve bu \u00f6zellikle Osetyal\u0131 ustalar\u0131n elinde yetkinli\u011fe kavu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Osetler, dansa e\u015flik i\u00e7in, tahtadan, bir vurmal\u0131 \u00e7alg\u0131 olan kertsgeneg kullan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Oset m\u00fczikal repertuar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 destans\u0131 \u015fark\u0131lar olu\u015fturur. Halen pop\u00fcler olan bu \u015fark\u0131lar, anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 olaylar kadar eskidir. Metinlerde kahraman\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc en \u00f6nemli trajik \u00f6\u011fedir. Destans\u0131 \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n icras\u0131, t\u00fcm kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7oksesli bi\u00e7imde icra edilen geleneksel \u015fenliklere dayan\u0131r. Ancak kadeg adl\u0131 destans\u0131 \u015fark\u0131, kendi \u00e7alg\u0131sal e\u015fli\u011fiyle bir solist taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6ylenir (kadeggeneg). Destans\u0131 t\u00fcrlerin solo icras\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm Asya’da tipik olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, destans\u0131 \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n genellikle \u00e7oksesli bi\u00e7imde icra edildi\u011fi Osetlerdeki \u015fekli, Kafkasya i\u00e7in tek \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda yada hemen sonras\u0131nda hasat \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 s\u00f6ylenirdi; ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu gelenek i\u015flevini yitirdi ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla geleneksel \u015fenliklerde icra edilir oldu. Sa\u011fd\u0131\u00e7 \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda (\u00e7\u0131ndzembeltt\u0131 zarc\u0131te-geline e\u015flik \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131) geleneksel d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok az \u015fey biliniyor.<\/p>\n

Rit\u00fcel danslar\u0131na \u00e7oksesli \u015fark\u0131lar yada \u00e7alg\u0131sal m\u00fczikler e\u015flik ederdi. En pop\u00fcler dans olan \u015eimd ‘in farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrevleri vard\u0131r (Nartan-\u015eimd.Nart’\u0131n \u015eimd’inde iki b\u00f6l\u00fcm olmas\u0131 ve \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6yleme veya \u00e7alg\u0131sal e\u015flik olmas\u0131 gibi). Bu t\u00fcr\u00fcn bir versiyonu yeni y\u0131l kutlamalar\u0131nda icra edilen ve ate\u015f etraf\u0131nda yap\u0131lan iki s\u0131ral\u0131 bir halka dans\u0131yd\u0131 (halka olmu\u015f dans\u00e7\u0131lardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131, halka olmu\u015f di\u011fer dans\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n omuzlar\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karak dans ederdi). \u00c7ift olarak yap\u0131lan danslar, Honge-kaft ve Zilge-kaft ya da Lezginka’d\u0131r. Ustal\u0131k gerektiren di\u011fer bir solo bir dans da Rog-kaft’d\u0131r. Geleneksel olarak danslara \u00e7oksesli \u015fark\u0131lar e\u015flik ederdi. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise akordeon e\u015fli\u011finde dans edilir.<\/p>\n

Erkek ve kad\u0131n repertuarlar\u0131 geleneksel olarak ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ancak; 1930’lardan sonra bu ayr\u0131m kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte kad\u0131nlar, erkeklerin duyabilece\u011fi yerlerde \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6yleyemezdi. Akordeon bir kad\u0131n \u00e7alg\u0131s\u0131yd\u0131, gi\u015f\u0131n fend\u0131r gibi belli \u00e7alg\u0131larsa, erkeklere aitti. Ninni (lolote) gibi \u00e7o\u011fu kad\u0131n \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 tek sesliydi ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n sosyal hayat\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. Ke\u00e7e ve yam\u00e7\u0131 gibi geleneksel giysilerin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131na e\u015flik eden, seyrek g\u00f6r\u00fclen eski bir \u00e7oksesli kad\u0131n \u015fark\u0131s\u0131 onai bu t\u00fcre \u00f6rnektir. Kad\u0131nlar ayr\u0131ca, akordeonlar\u0131 e\u015fli\u011finde \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f lirik \u015fark\u0131lar da s\u00f6ylerler.<\/p>\n

\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Oset m\u00fczi\u011fi, bestecileri bilinen \u015fark\u0131lardan ve bir akordeon ve di\u011fer \u00e7alg\u0131larca e\u015flik edilen k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck varyasyonlardan olu\u015fur.
\n<\/b><\/p>\n

NOT: <\/b>Bu yaz\u0131, Muammer Ketenco\u011flu’nun ar\u015fivindeki, “Kuzey Kafkasya M\u00fczikal Genellemeleri” isimli makaleden yararlan\u0131larak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

SLONATI Sami Kafkas Dağları’nın iki tarafında yerleşik 500 bin Oset (Osetçe’de İron) yaşar. Osetler, Kafkasya’nın yerlileri ile, bir Hint-İran dili konuşan ve Hint-Avrupa göçmenleri olan Alanların karışmasından oluşmuştur. Osetlerin gerçek anavatanı Kuzey Kafkasya’dır ancak; bazı Osetler 16.yy’ın başından başlayıp, 17. ve 18. yy’lar boyunca Kafkas Dağları’nın Güney’ine göç ettiler. Bugün Kafkasya’da, Kuzey ve Güney Osetya […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5923","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-muzik","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5923","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5923"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5923\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15866,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5923\/revisions\/15866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5923"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5923"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5923"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}