{"id":5939,"date":"2021-01-01T14:54:35","date_gmt":"2021-01-01T20:54:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=5939"},"modified":"2021-01-06T16:07:21","modified_gmt":"2021-01-06T22:07:21","slug":"cerkeslerde-muzik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/cerkeslerde-muzik\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ERKESLERDE M\u00dcZ\u0130K"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ergun Y\u0131ld\u0131z
\n<\/b><\/span> Kaynak 1: Adige m\u00fczik ansiklopedisi
\nKaynak 2: Yeni Kafkas dergisi. say\u0131 6<\/span><\/p>\n

\"http:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/yz-image\/a0085-psineB.gif\"<\/p>\n

M\u00fczik bir milletin hissiyat\u0131n\u0131n, ahlak\u0131n\u0131n ve ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergeleri, \u015fark\u0131lar da bu g\u00f6stergelerin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn bir arada yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Bir milletin, bir kavmin milli b\u00fcnyesinde, o milleti v\u00fccuda getiren bireylerin ahlak ve ruh terbiyesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6nemi olan m\u00fczik, insan topluluklar\u0131n\u0131n ortak duygu, ideal ve kavray\u0131\u015f tarzlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131nda, ayn\u0131 zamanda ya\u015fan\u0131lan zaman\u0131n gelece\u011fe aktar\u0131lmas\u0131nda da en etkili ara\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkeslerin halk m\u00fczi\u011fi ve geleneksel m\u00fczi\u011fi, gerek m\u00fczik aletlerinin benzerli\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, gerekse g\u00fcfte ve bestelerdeki ama\u00e7 ve tarz bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yak\u0131n benzerlik g\u00f6sterirler. \u00c7erkes m\u00fczik ve \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 bireylerin kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131,ahlak ve fazileti ile a\u015fk ve muhabbet hisleri i\u00e7in birer edep \u00f6rne\u011fidir. \u00c7erkes m\u00fczi\u011finde ahlaka z\u0131t,m\u00fcstehcen hi\u00e7 bir y\u00f6n bulunmaz, bulunamaz.<\/p>\n

Kahramanl\u0131k, vatana a\u015fk, do\u011fruluk, sayg\u0131, \u015fefkat ve ya\u015famda birlik bizim m\u00fczi\u011fimizde asli unsurlard\u0131r. \u00c7erkes m\u00fcziklerinin baz\u0131lar\u0131 insan\u0131 heyecanland\u0131ran, co\u015fturan, vatana millete ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sayg\u0131y\u0131 per\u00e7inleyen, insanlara d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, sevgiyi ve i\u015fbirli\u011fini i\u015faret eden tarzdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131lar\u0131 bireylerin kahramanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 (lh\u0131khuj uered) veya toplum taraf\u0131ndan yad\u0131rganan hatalar\u0131n\u0131 (auan uered) i\u015fleyen fakat her hal\u00fckarda do\u011fruyu ve iyiyi i\u015faret eden bir tarzdad\u0131r. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ac\u0131kl\u0131 hikayeleri, baz\u0131lar\u0131 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ac\u0131 olaylar\u0131 anlatan (\u011f\u0131bze) \u00c7erkes m\u00fczikleri, \u00c7erkes oyunlar\u0131 ile birbirini tamamlayan folklorun iki koludur.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkes m\u00fczi\u011finin ve oyunlar\u0131n\u0131n temel \u015fart\u0131 olan terbiye ve asalet her zaman \u00f6n planda olup, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hayranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanan bu de\u011ferlerimiz ayn\u0131 zamanda milli k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz i\u00e7in birer propaganda arac\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M\u00dcZ\u0130K ENSTR\u00dcMANLARI<\/p>\n

Her millet duygular\u0131n\u0131 ahlak\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini, i\u00e7inden gelen ruh halini, a\u015fk ve \u0131zd\u0131rab\u0131n\u0131, heyecan\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fclerini ortaya koyabilmek i\u00e7in kendi sesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra ba\u015fkaca bir ifade vas\u0131tas\u0131 aram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7erkeslerde bu genel tavr\u0131n ve gelene\u011fin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmam\u0131\u015f, duygular\u0131n\u0131 anlatabilmek i\u00e7in ifadeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 baz\u0131 ara\u00e7lara ba\u015fvurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Eski d\u00f6nemlerde \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli olan \u00c7erkes m\u00fczik aletlerinden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fabilen d\u00f6rt m\u00fczik aleti nispeten bilinmekte ve kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00c7erkes m\u00fczi\u011finin icras\u0131 i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 m\u00fczik aletleri kullan\u0131lmaktaysa da hi\u00e7 birisi bu d\u00f6rt milli m\u00fczik aletinin verdi\u011fi zevki vermemektedir. Fakat art\u0131k bunlar\u0131n da baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanan, kullanabilen insanlar anayurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1) Phap\u015f\u0131ne (\u015e\u0131k|etsp\u015f\u0131ne)<\/p>\n

Bu m\u00fczik aleti tamam\u0131yla \u00f6zel ve millidir. Bu aleti halk kendileri imal ederler, 3 telli baz\u0131lar\u0131 4 telli olup telleri at k\u0131l\u0131ndan (at\u0131n kuyru\u011fundaki uzun k\u0131llardan al\u0131nan tellerle) olan ve Lazlar\u0131n kulland\u0131klar\u0131 Kemen\u00e7e t\u00fcr\u00fcnden bir sazd\u0131r. Abhazlar bu aleti (Apkh\u0131rtza), Kabardeyler ve Adigeler ise \u015e\u0131k|etsp\u015f\u0131na veya Phap\u015f\u0131ne olarak adland\u0131r\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Bu saz ciddi a\u011f\u0131rba\u015fl\u0131 toplant\u0131larda, erkek meclislerinde \u00e7al\u0131n\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131nma esnas\u0131nda g\u00fczel sesli birisi eski ve tarihi \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 (uered) s\u00f6yler, harp ve kahramanl\u0131k \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 dillendirir, \u00e7ekilen ac\u0131lar\u0131 yap\u0131lan sava\u015flar\u0131 ve ve \u015fehit olan kahramanlar\u0131 anlatan \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131, a\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Mecliste (hace\u015f) bulunanlar ise hep birlikte nakaratlara e\u015flik ederler (buna Adige dilinde Deju denir). Bu alet ile havai, hissi, a\u015fki \u015feyler \u00e7al\u0131nmaz. Yaln\u0131zca kahramanl\u0131klara,yurt savunmas\u0131na,veya \u00f6nemli toplumsal olaylara dair \u015fark\u0131lar ve m\u00fczikler dillendirilir. (Bu ueredler bazen \u00e7alg\u0131s\u0131z olur ve sadece ses ile i\u015ftirak edilir.) Bu m\u00fczik aleti hi\u00e7 bir zaman umumi e\u011flence yerlerinde \u00e7al\u0131nmaz. Herkesin ne\u015fesi, zevki i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131larda bu alet yer bulmaz. Ancak Adigelerin kendi meraklar\u0131n\u0131 ve duygular\u0131n\u0131 teskin etmek, atalar\u0131n\u0131, milli olaylar\u0131 ve de\u011ferleri hat\u0131rlamak gere\u011fi oldu\u011funda, milli meclislerde, tarihi ve milli kongrelerde bu alet ortaya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00e7al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu aletin kullan\u0131m amac\u0131 halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n milli duygular\u0131na hitap etmek, hissiyat\u0131n\u0131 tatmin etmek, mersiyelerle ge\u00e7mi\u015fi anmakt\u0131r. D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ve e\u011flencelerde kullan\u0131lamaz ve kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 da ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lanmaz. Sadece sava\u015flarda yaral\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fenleri gece sabaha kadar uyutmamak adet oldu\u011fundan, bu gibi durumlarda yaral\u0131n\u0131n uyan\u0131k bulunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

2) Kam\u0131l veya Bjami\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu alet ney \u015feklindedir. N\u0131sa\u015fe denilen b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnlerde ve buna benzer e\u011flenceli toplant\u0131larda \u00e7al\u0131n\u0131r. D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sahibi kimsenin ekonomik ve sosyal durumuna g\u00f6re yapaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7evrenin bilinen m\u00fczisyenlerini (bu m\u00fczisyenlere kam\u0131lap\u015fe denir) \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rarak bir orkestra olu\u015fturur. Aguaue denilen bir grubun yine d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn sahibinin durumuna g\u00f6re bu grup ikinci s\u0131n\u0131f artistlerden olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu gibi kimi zaman da kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 gen\u00e7ler taraf\u0131ndan bir koro olu\u015fturularak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tahtalardan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f birer aletle (aguts|ik veya phaci\u00e7) m\u00fczi\u011fe e\u015flik ederlerdi. Bu koro grubu olduk\u00e7a heyecanland\u0131r\u0131r co\u015fturur, e\u011flenceye daha bir hareket katard\u0131.<\/p>\n

3) P\u015f\u0131ne veya armonik<\/p>\n

P\u015f\u0131ne b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6zel e\u011flencelerde ve aile d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnlerinde \u00e7al\u0131nan tek perdeli k\u00f6r\u00fckl\u00fc bir m\u00fczik aletidir. Bu aleti erkeklerden daha \u00e7ok k\u0131zlar \u00e7alarlar. Eskiden armonik \u00e7almayan gen\u00e7 k\u0131z pek nadirdi. Hatta diki\u015f dikmek nas\u0131l bir gen\u00e7 k\u0131z i\u00e7in en gerekli beceri ise armonik \u00e7almak da o kadar gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr mutlaka k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na bu aletin \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretilirdi. Eski d\u00f6nemlerde her evde bir armonik bulunur ve istisnas\u0131z her gen\u00e7 k\u0131z bu aleti \u00e7alard\u0131.<\/p>\n

4)P\u015f\u0131ne (P\u015f\u0131ne pxenc)<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u015f\u0131ne pxenc \u00e7ift s\u0131ra perdeli bir armoniktir. P\u015f\u0131neye k\u0131yasla daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ve a\u011f\u0131r olan bu alet daha \u00e7ok oturarak \u00e7al\u0131n\u0131r. Sesi daha \u00e7ok piyanoya benzeyen bu m\u00fczik aleti de p\u015f\u0131ne gibi k\u00f6r\u00fckl\u00fcd\u00fcr, fakat daha m\u00fckemmel bir ses ve daha fazla ses tonu verebilen bu aletin \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131 p\u015f\u0131neye g\u00f6re daha g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr.\u00a0 Daha \u00e7ok erkeklerin \u00e7ald\u0131klar\u0131 p\u015f\u0131ne pxenc Kafkas m\u00fczi\u011finin en g\u00fczel aletidir. Bu alet \u00c7erkeslerin ur\u0131s p\u015f\u0131ne olarak da adland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kullan\u0131lan akordeondur.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkesler m\u00fczik sanatkarlar\u0131na ve \u00fcstatlar\u0131na ‘sirinapsha’ derler. Bu ki\u015filer halk taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok sevilen ve itibar g\u00f6ren kimseler olup haf\u0131zalar\u0131 m\u00fczik sanat\u0131ndaki merak ve yeteneklerinin bir g\u00f6stergesidir. Adige m\u00fczi\u011fi son y\u00fczy\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde Kafkasya’da bilimsel bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olup \u00e7e\u015fitli akademik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara konu olmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde pop\u00fcler m\u00fczik d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan eski Adige halk \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yeniden derlenmi\u015f olup tasnif ve ar\u015fiv \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131larak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcze yeniden kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda \u00f6nemli ilerlemeler sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nemli tarihi olaylara dair bilgiler ve ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 da i\u00e7eren halk \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z ayn\u0131 zamanda s\u00f6zl\u00fc tarihimizin de \u00f6nemli bir kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle toplumun t\u00fcm kesimlerine ula\u015facak \u015fekilde yeniden bas\u0131larak halk\u0131m\u0131za sunulmas\u0131 yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Kafkasya’da yap\u0131lan bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ile s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilen halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 \u00fclkelerde yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fark\u0131lar, a\u011f\u0131tlar ve benzer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n da birle\u015ftirilerek zenginle\u015ftirilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ergun Yıldız Kaynak 1: Adige müzik ansiklopedisi Kaynak 2: Yeni Kafkas dergisi. sayı 6 Müzik bir milletin hissiyatının, ahlakının ve yaşamının göstergeleri, şarkılar da bu göstergelerin tümünün bir arada yansımasıdır. Bir milletin, bir kavmin milli bünyesinde, o milleti vücuda getiren bireylerin ahlak ve ruh terbiyesinde büyük bir önemi olan müzik, insan topluluklarının ortak duygu, ideal […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5939","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-muzik","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5939","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5939"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5939\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17719,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5939\/revisions\/17719"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5939"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5939"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5939"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}