{"id":6012,"date":"2021-06-12T16:52:47","date_gmt":"2021-06-12T21:52:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=6012"},"modified":"2021-06-13T18:29:17","modified_gmt":"2021-06-13T23:29:17","slug":"ilkellerde-dans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/ilkellerde-dans\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130LKELLERDE DANS"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

KO\u00c7KAR M. Tekin Ko\u00e7kar
\n<\/span><\/strong> \u00c7A\u011eLAR BOYUNCA \u0130LET\u0130\u015e\u0130M SANATI OLARAK
\n DANS ve HALK DANSLARI<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130lkel insan alg\u0131layabildi\u011fi \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kendine nedensellik yarat\u0131r. Alg\u0131layamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya da bir nedene ba\u011flayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 olaylar\u0131, nesneleri; do\u011fa \u00fcst\u00fc nedenlerle, kavramlarla, g\u00fc\u00e7lerle a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece insan bilincinin soyutlama yetene\u011fi geli\u015fir. Kendine kutsal varl\u0131klar olu\u015fturur, \u00e7e\u015fitli nesnelere sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flar. Ard\u0131ndan tap\u0131nmalar, ayin ve b\u00fcy\u00fcler gibi rit\u00fcel t\u00f6renler olu\u015fur. \u0130lk dans, bu t\u00f6renlerde tar\u0131m (tah\u0131l, pamuk, f\u0131nd\u0131k, \u00fcz\u00fcm gibi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin ekimi, hasad\u0131, harman\u0131); hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k; deniz-kara avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131; sava\u015f, evlenme gibi sosyal ve ekonomik olaylar\u0131n; ya\u011fmur, kar, f\u0131rt\u0131na, deprem, dalga, a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n r\u00fczgarla sallanmas\u0131 gibi do\u011fa olaylar\u0131n\u0131n; k\u00f6t\u00fc ruhlar\u0131 kovma, bereket, g\u00fc\u00e7 dileme, sa\u011faltma gibi ruhsal-dinsel olaylar\u0131n “ger\u00e7ek”ten soyutlanarak hareket ve ritimle anlat\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucu do\u011fdu. Dans, ilk insanlar i\u00e7in anla\u015fmakta \u00e7ektikleri g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011fe bulduklar ilk \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

“…\u0130lk insanlar on binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6nceki o m\u00fcthi\u015f \u00e7aresizlikler i\u00e7inde, do\u011faya kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri \u00f6l\u00fcm kal\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda olaylar\u0131 yorumlayabilmek i\u00e7in dinsel-metafizik y\u00f6ntemler kullanmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Do\u011fa ile kurulan ili\u015fkilerdeki prati\u011fin azl\u0131\u011f\u0131, bunlardan sa\u011flanan an\u0131lar\u0131n birbirinden kopuklu\u011fu, genellemeye gitme olanaklar\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kavramlar\u0131n eksikli\u011fi…vb. gibi etkenler bu gereksinmelerin \u00f6z, nedenini olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r.” (TEBER, 1978, s.14)<\/p>\n

Teber’in yukar\u0131daki al\u0131nt\u0131da belirttikleri, ilk insanlar\u0131n ileti\u015fim kurmakta kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fc dansl\u0131 anlat\u0131mla \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 sav\u0131n\u0131 destekler niteliktedir.<\/p>\n

\u00dclkemizde dansla ilgili yay\u0131nlanan ilk yaz\u0131da R\u0131za Tevfik \u015funlar\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyor:<\/p>\n

“…Daha giyinmek gere\u011fini anlayamam\u0131\u015f, hatta uygar bir in\u00adsan gibi y\u00fcr\u00fcme yetene\u011fi bulunmayan ilkeller bile oyun oynamay\u0131 biliyorlar. Onlar\u0131n kendilerince baz\u0131 \u00f6zel kurallara ba\u011flam\u0131\u015f ve d\u00fczg\u00fcn devinimlerle uyumluluk i\u00e7inde olan m\u00fczikleri vard\u0131r.” (SERN\u0130KL\u0130 1976, s.3)<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bile Afrika ya da Avustralya\u2019da ya\u015fayan ilkel yerli kabilelere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda onlar\u0131n da do\u011fum, \u00f6l\u00fcm, av, sava\u015f, evlenme gibi b\u00fct\u00fcn t\u00f6renlerinin rit\u00fcel olgulardan olu\u015ftu\u011funu ve bu t\u00f6renlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde dans olay\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. And’a g\u00f6re “…bu t\u00f6ren danslar bir, g\u00f6rev, bir \u00f6dev kavram\u0131yla birle\u015fti\u011finde” toplulu\u011fun bireylerini birbirine ba\u011flayarak onlar\u0131 belli ama\u00e7lara y\u00f6nlendirir. (AND, 1974, s.l4)<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ilkel insan her \u015feyi bir ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in yapar:<\/p>\n

“…insan sanat\u0131 yaratmakla g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc artt\u0131rmakta ve yasay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 zenginle\u015ftirmede kendine ger\u00e7ek bir yol buldu. Ava \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nceki \u00e7\u0131lg\u0131n toplu dans, toplulu\u011fun g\u00fcven duygusunu ger\u00e7ekten artt\u0131r\u0131yordu; y\u00fcze s\u00fcr\u00fclen sava\u015f boyalan, at\u0131lan sava\u015f \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131 sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten daha kararl\u0131 yap\u0131yor, d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 \u00fcrk\u00fctebiliyordu.” (FISCHER, 1980, s.39)<\/p>\n

Dans\u0131n fiziksel olu\u015fumunda insan\u0131n \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131yla, ilkel insan\u0131n ilk hareketlerinin etkisi ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi, daha ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda bile sevdi\u011fi bir yiyece\u011fi ya da oyunca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde el \u00e7\u0131rparak, atlay\u0131p z\u0131playarak, sevimli g\u00fcl\u00fcc\u00fcklerle ba\u011f\u0131rarak sevincini anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. \u0130stedi\u011fi bir \u015feyi alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya da istemedi\u011fi bir hareketi yapmaya zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise k\u0131z\u0131p ba\u011f\u0131rarak, ka\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7atarak, a\u011flayarak, tepinerek, ellerini d\u00f6ver gibi sallayarak duygular\u0131n\u0131 dile getirir.<\/p>\n

Yine R\u0131za Tevfik’e g\u00f6re:<\/p>\n

“\u0130lkellerin oyuna verdi\u011fi \u00f6nem hi\u00e7bir uygar ulus da g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir. Hatta g\u00fczel sanatlar\u0131n uygarl\u0131kla birlikte geli\u015fmesine kar\u015f\u0131n dans\u0131n \u00f6neminden de\u011fer yitirmesi ve uygar uluslarda toplumun ge\u00e7im ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve gereksinmeleri nedeniyle ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferle, ilkellerdeki ya\u015famdaki t\u00fcm olaylar\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011finden toplumsal \u00f6nemi bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n dikkatini \u00e7ekmi\u015f ve ” bir ulus i\u00e7in dans\u0131n \u00f6nem derecesi uygarl\u0131k d\u00fczeyi ile ters orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r” yarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.” (SERN\u0130KL\u0130, 1976, s.4)<\/p>\n

\u0130lkellerin dansa av kadar \u00f6nem verdi\u011fini arkeolojik buluntulardan yararlanarak da anlayabiliyoruz. Anadolu’da \u00c7atal H\u00f6y\u00fck\u2019te bulunan 9 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine ait, insano\u011flunun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 en eski renkli duvar resminde bunu g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Resimde dans\u00e7\u0131lar pars derisi giyinmi\u015f, ellerinde ok ve yaylarla davul e\u015fli\u011finde dans ediyorlar. And’\u0131n saptamas\u0131na g\u00f6re davulun tokma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bi\u00e7imi bug\u00fcn Anadolu’da kullan\u0131lan davul tokma\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r .(AND ,1964 ,s. 120)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong>
\nArkaik d\u00f6neme ait, \u00fczerinde el ele tutu\u015fmu\u015f dans\u00e7\u0131lar bulunan pi\u015fmi\u015f topraktan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, \u00e7an bi\u00e7iminde heykelcik. (TANAGRA – BOEOTIA)<\/p>\n

\"\"
\nYerel T\u00f6ren\u2019de dans edenleri simgeleyen a\u011fa\u00e7 kabu\u011fu \u00fczerine boyama fig\u00fcrler. (Umbakumba Deresi -AVUSTRALYA)<\/p>\n

SAYGUN ise hem dans\u0131 hem m\u00fczi\u011fi ilkel t\u00f6renlerin ayr\u0131lmaz bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor ve ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 anlamlar\u0131 t\u00f6renin niteli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131yor:<\/p>\n

“…ilkel insanda, bir ayinin par\u00e7as\u0131 olmayan, ger\u00e7ekten bir amac\u0131 almayan bir harekete rastlamak olanaks\u0131zd\u0131r. Musiki, s\u00f6zgelimi \u00f6lenin ruhunu sakinle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenen bir a\u011f\u0131t, olacak, b\u00f6ylece amac\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcden canl\u0131lara gelebilecek zararlar\u0131<\/p>\n

\u00f6nlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak olan karma\u015f\u0131k bir ayinsel t\u00f6renin b\u00fct\u00fcnleyici par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelecektir. Dans ise, s\u00f6zgelimi bir kavga sahnesinin canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 olacak ve o da t\u00f6renin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.”(S AYG\u00dcN,197 5,s.23)<\/p>\n

\u0130lkel b\u00fcy\u00fcn\u00fcn temeli yans\u0131lamaya dayan\u0131r. D\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyan\u0131n somut baz\u0131 yasalarla y\u00f6netildi\u011fini daha kavrayamam\u0131\u015f olan ilkel insan hen\u00fcz alg\u0131sal bilgi a\u015famas\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu nedenle ilkel tap\u0131nmaya ba\u015fvurur. THOMSON, bilin\u00e7li \u00f6yk\u00fcnmenin (yans\u0131laman\u0131n), insana maymunsu atalar\u0131ndan kalan bir \u00f6zellik oldu\u011funu belirtiyor:<\/p>\n

“…insan yapaca\u011f\u0131 i\u015fi \u00f6nceden ya da sonradan g\u00f6steri olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyordu. Bunun nesnel bir i\u015flevi vard\u0131; insan\u0131n o i\u015fi daha iyi yapabilmesini sa\u011fl\u0131yor, yetene\u011fini geli\u015ftiriyordu. Yans\u0131lama b\u00f6yle do\u011fdu. Ortakla\u015fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmadaki ses ve g\u00f6vde devinimleri ger\u00e7ek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrecinden ayr\u0131 olarak, t\u00fcrk\u00fcyle dans\u0131 birle\u015ftiren ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, bir etkinlik durumuna getirildi.(…) Totem bir bitkiyse b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi ve insanlar taraf\u0131ndan toplanmas\u0131, bir hayvansa belirleyici \u00f6zellikleri ya da yakalanmas\u0131 ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi g\u00f6steri olarak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.(…) Trib\u00fc ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n daha ileri a\u015famalar\u0131nda yans\u0131lama danslar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn do\u011fa olaylar\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz: Ekinlerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla yap\u0131lan danslar, do\u011fal y\u0131k\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan danslar, solup k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclen ay\u0131 yeniden canland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan danslar.” (THOMSON, 1987.S.58-59)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

KOÇKAR M. Tekin Koçkar ÇAĞLAR BOYUNCA İLETİŞİM SANATI OLARAK DANS ve HALK DANSLARI İlkel insan algılayabildiği ölçüde kendine nedensellik yaratır. Algılayamadığı ya da bir nedene bağlayamadığı olayları, nesneleri; doğa üstü nedenlerle, kavramlarla, güçlerle açıklamaya çalışır. Böylece insan bilincinin soyutlama yeteneği gelişir. Kendine kutsal varlıklar oluşturur, çeşitli nesnelere saygı göstermeye başlar. Ardından tapınmalar, ayin ve büyüler […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dans","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6012","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6012"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6012\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20002,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6012\/revisions\/20002"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6012"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}