![](\"http:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/info\/unlu_cerkesler\/mizanci_murad_bey.gif\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
(d. 1854, Da\u011f\u0131stan – \u00f6. 1917, \u0130stanbul), politikac\u0131, gazeteci, tarih\u00e7i ve yazar.<\/p>\n Tanzimat ve II. Me\u015frutiyet d\u00f6neminin \u00f6nemli bir fikir adam\u0131d\u0131r. Ad\u0131, 1886 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Mizan gazetesi ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmi\u015ftir; hemen hemen t\u00fcm kaynaklarda “Mizanc\u0131 Murat” olarak an\u0131l\u0131r. \u00dclkede me\u015frutiyetin ilan edilmesi i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele verdi. K\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre liderli\u011fini bile yapm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler’le farkl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere sahip oldu\u011fundan me\u015frutiyet ilan edildikten sonra \u0130ttihat ve Terakki y\u00f6netimine muhalefet etti; devletin resmi ideolojisinin Osmanl\u0131l\u0131k, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ideolojisi ise \u0130slam birli\u011fi olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini savundu. Devrinde yeti\u015fen yeni nesle tarih bilinci a\u015f\u0131lamada etkili oldu.<\/p>\n Ya\u015fam\u0131 [de\u011fi\u015ftir]1853 y\u0131l\u0131nda Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019\u0131n Huraki k\u00f6y\u00fcnde d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Babas\u0131, Hac\u0131 Mustafa Efendi’dir. Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 Hac\u0131 Murat\u2019a atfen kendisine Murat ad\u0131 verildi. 1864’te r\u00fc\u015ftiye \u00f6\u011frenimini tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra lise \u00f6\u011frenimini i\u00e7in Sivastopol\u2019a g\u00f6nderildi; 1873’te Sivastapol \u0130dadisi’ni bitirdikten sonra \u0130stanbul\u2019a geldi. Maliye naz\u0131r\u0131 Da\u011f\u0131stanl\u0131 \u015eirvanizade R\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n kona\u011f\u0131na yerle\u015ferek onun taraf\u0131ndan himaye edildi. \u015eirvanizade Halep valisi olarak atan\u0131nca onunla beraber Halep’e gitti. \u015eirvanizade’nin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00fczerine \u0130stanbul’a d\u00f6n\u00fcp Sait Molla’n\u0131n o\u011fullar\u0131na ders vermek \u00fczere onun yal\u0131s\u0131na yerle\u015fti.<\/p>\n Rus\u00e7a ve Frans\u0131zca\u2019y\u0131 bilen Mehmet Murat, Hariciye Nezareti Matbuat Kalemi’nde (D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Bas\u0131n-Yay\u0131n M\u00fc\u015favirli\u011fi) \u00e7evirmen olarak i\u015f buldu. 1877’de Hilmi Molla’n\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 Hasibe Han\u0131m ile evlendi. 1877’de M\u00fclkiye Mektebinde tarih ve co\u011frafya dersleri; 1880’de Dar\u00fclmuallimin’de tarih dersleri vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131; bu okulda m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fck de yapt\u0131. 1882 y\u0131l\u0131nda da Maarif Nezareti Tefti\u015f ve Muayene Heyeti \u00fcyeli\u011fine getirildi.<\/p>\n 1876-1877’de Vakit ve \u0130ttihad gazetelerinde siyasi konularla ilgili olarak d\u00fczenli bir \u015fekilde yaz\u0131lar yay\u0131mlam\u0131\u015f olan Mehmet Murad Bey,1886 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren \u201cMizan\u201d Gazetesini yay\u0131nlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda h\u00fcrriyet ve me\u015frutiyet \u00fczerinde durdu. Y\u00f6netime ele\u015ftiriler y\u00f6neltmesi, takibe al\u0131nmas\u0131na ve \u015fiddetli bir \u015fekilde bask\u0131 g\u00f6rmesine sebep oldu; gazetesi sans\u00fcre u\u011frad\u0131 ve s\u0131k s\u0131k kapat\u0131ld\u0131. 1890’da Mizan’\u0131n yay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 durdurdu. 1891’de D\u00fcyun-u Umumiye komiserli\u011fi g\u00f6revine getirildi ve d\u00f6rt y\u0131l bu g\u00f6revi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Memleketin kalk\u0131nmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 reform teklifi de padi\u015fahtan ilgi g\u00f6rmeyince, \u0130stanbul\u2019dan ayr\u0131lmaya karar verdi. D\u00fcyun-u Umumiye’deki yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n da etkisiyle Avrupa’ya ka\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n Kas\u0131m 1895 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda Sivastopol \u00fczerinden Da\u011f\u0131stan’a ve oradan da Kiev-Viyana yoluyla Paris\u2019e giden Mehmed Murad, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn veya \u00e7e\u015fitli vesilelerle yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunan J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler ile temas kurdu. Ard\u0131ndan Ermeni meselesine bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmak umuduyla Londra’da ba\u015fbakan Lord Salisbury ve Ermeni komitac\u0131larla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcyse de bir sonu\u00e7 elde edemedi. Paris’e d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi’nin Paris \u015fubesi ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten Ahmet R\u0131za’dan da ilgi g\u00f6rmeyince Kahire’ye gitti ve Mizan’\u0131 orada yay\u0131mlad\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda II. Abd\u00fclhamit’e a\u011f\u0131r ele\u015ftirilerde bulundu. Bir makalesinde Sultan’\u0131 tahttan ayr\u0131lmaya davet etti\u011fi i\u00e7in idama mahkum oldu.<\/p>\n 1896 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Temmuz ay\u0131nda tekrar Paris’e giden Mehmet Murat Bey, Kas\u0131m 1896’da yap\u0131lan kongrede Ahmet R\u0131za kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n deste\u011fiyle \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti’nin ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti. Cemiyetin merkezini Cenevre’ye ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131 ve Mizan gazetesinin yay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 Cenevre’de s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Art\u0131k cemiyet, Mizanc\u0131 Murat’\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu Cenevre ve Ahmet R\u0131za’n\u0131n \u00f6nderlik etti\u011fi Paris kolu olmak \u00fczere ikiye b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Mizanc\u0131 Murat’\u0131n cemiyet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 1897’de istifa etmesiyle sona erdi. O y\u0131l, \u0130stanbul’da tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler’i toplay\u0131p Trablusgarp’a s\u00fcrg\u00fcne g\u00f6nderen padi\u015fah, Avrupa’daki J\u00f6n T\u00fcrklerin \u0130stanbul’a d\u00f6nmesini ve J\u00f6n T\u00fcrk gazetelerin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in serhafiye Ahmet Celalettin Pa\u015fa’y\u0131 g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015fti. Mizanc\u0131 Murat; \u0130stanbul’a d\u00f6nmeye ikna olan J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler aras\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n Mizanc\u0131 Murat, gazetesinin yay\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 durdurup \u0130stanbul’a d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde Ahmet Celalettin Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n padi\u015fah ad\u0131na verdi\u011fi reform vaatlerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Talep etti\u011fi fikir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc sa\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f, gazeteci g\u00f6z hapsine al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1899’da \u015e\u00fbra-y\u0131 Devlet Maliye Dairesi \u00fcyeli\u011fine getirildi. 1908’e kadar bu g\u00f6revde bulundu.<\/p>\n 1908’de II. Me\u015frutiyet’in ilan\u0131yla birlikte g\u00f6revinden ayr\u0131ld\u0131 ve Mizan’\u0131 yeniden \u00e7\u0131karmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu defa iktidardaki \u0130ttihat ve Terakki mensuplar\u0131na muhalefet etmekteydi, \u0130slami bir \u00e7izgiye kaym\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir s\u00fcre sonra gazetesi kapat\u0131ld\u0131, kendisi g\u00f6z alt\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. \u0130tihat ve Terakki y\u00f6netimine kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131lan 31 Mart \u0130syan\u0131’na kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc; s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim mahkemesinde yarg\u0131land\u0131ktan sonra m\u00fcebbet kalebentlik cezas\u0131 ile Rodos’a s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Rodos ve Midilli’de yakla\u015f\u0131l d\u00f6rt y\u0131l kadar ge\u00e7irdi. Bu s\u0131rada on iki cilt olarak tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201cTarih-i Eb\u00fclfaruk\u201d adl\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 Tarihinin, K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fcler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc dahil olan yedi ciltlik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc yay\u0131mlad\u0131.<\/p>\n 1912’de genel aftan yararlanarak \u0130stanbul’a d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Tedavi olmak i\u00e7in bir s\u00fcre \u0130svi\u00e7re ve Fransa’da bulunduktan sonra tekrar \u0130stanbul’a gitti. Baz\u0131 gazete ve dergileri yay\u0131mlamay\u0131, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki’ye muhalefet etmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. 15 Nisan 1917’de Anadolu Hisar\u0131’ndaki yal\u0131s\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti<\/p>\n An\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 1908’de M\u00fccahede-i Milliye ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca 1892’de kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek roman\u0131 “Turfanda m\u0131 Yoksa Turfa M\u0131” otobiyografik \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n Eserleri T\u00e2r\u00eeh-i Um\u00fbm\u00ee (4 c, 1880-1882) (d. 1854, Dağıstan – ö. 1917, İstanbul), politikacı, gazeteci, tarihçi ve yazar. Tanzimat ve II. Meşrutiyet döneminin önemli bir fikir adamıdır. Adı, 1886 yılında yayımlamaya başladığı Mizan gazetesi ile özdeşleşmiştir; hemen hemen tüm kaynaklarda “Mizancı Murat” olarak anılır. Ülkede meşrutiyetin ilan edilmesi için mücadele verdi. Kısa bir süre liderliğini bile yapmış olmasına rağmen Jön Türkler’le 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\nMuhtasar T\u00e2r\u00eeh-\u0131 Um\u00fbm\u00ee (1885)
\nMuhtasar T\u00e2r\u00eeh-i \u0130sl\u00e2m (1890)
\nDevr-\u0131 H\u00e2mid\u00ee\u00c2s\u00e2r\u0131 (1891)
\nTurfanda m\u0131 Turfa m\u0131? (1892)
\nLe Palais de Y\u0131ld\u0131z et la Sublime Port (1896)
\nM\u00fcd\u00e2faa Niyetine Bir Tec\u00e2v\u00fcz (1896)
\nLa Force et la Faiblesse de la Turquim (1897)
\nH\u00fcrriyet Vadisinde bir Pen\u00e7e-i tstibd\u00e2d (1908)
\nM\u00fcc\u00e2hede-i Milliye (1908)
\nTencere Yuvarland\u0131 Kapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Buldu (piyes, 1908)
\nT\u00e2r\u00eeh-\u0131 Eb\u00fclf\u00e2ru\\ (7c, 1909-1916)
\nEnkaz-\u0131 tstibd\u00e2d i\u00e7inde Z\u00fc\u011f\u00fcrd\u00fcn Tesell\u00eesi (1911)
\nTatl\u0131 Emeller Ac\u0131 Hakikatler (1912)
\nTaharr\u00ee-y\u0131 lst\u0131\\b\u00e2l (2 c, 1913-1914).<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"