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KV<\/span>\u0130CS Hezretaly<\/strong> At arkada\u015f gibidir. Toyna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak d\u00fc\u015fmanla k\u0131yas\u0131ya sava\u015fan, korkusuzca ve inatla m\u00fccadele eden, yar\u0131\u015fta \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesine asla tahamm\u00fcl etmeyen, canla ba\u015fla kazanmak isteyen, rekabet\u00e7i, yenilgiyi haz\u0131m etmeyen bir karaktere sahiptir. \u00c7ift\u00e7iler i\u00e7in ko\u015fum at\u0131, k\u0131rda-bay\u0131rda, gece-g\u00fcnd\u00fcz \u00e7obanlar\u0131n can yolda\u015f\u0131, seyirlik oyunlarda sirk sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n rol arkada\u015f\u0131 olan bu atlar daima amaca uygun bir \u015fekilde e\u011fitilmi\u015flerdir.<\/span><\/p>\n Tarihin bize ula\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar\u0131yla Homer at\u0131n yelesini alt\u0131n suyuna benzetirdi. Plutark: \u0130nsanlar\u0131n tanr\u0131lara k\u0131zlar\u0131 kurban etme gelene\u011fini terk ettikten sonra, onlar\u0131n yerine sar\u0131 yeleli atlar\u0131 kurban etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r. (18, s.65 )<\/p>\n Arkeologlar kaz\u0131larda alt\u0131n ve bak\u0131rdan mamul bir\u00e7ok at resmini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rt bin y\u0131ll\u0131k mezarlardan \u00e7\u0131kan kemikler a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koymaktad\u0131r ki eskiden atlar sahipleriyle birlikte g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcrlerdi. O resimler ve kaz\u0131larda bulunan kemiklerden faydalan\u0131larak eski \u00e7a\u011flarda ya\u015fayan atlar\u0131n anatomik yap\u0131lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda fikir sahibi olunabilmekte ve ko\u015fun tak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015f\u0131 da tam\u0131 tam\u0131na tespit edilebilmektedir.<\/p>\n S\u00f6zgelimi, en eski gem tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 bin y\u0131l, kam\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n 2 bin y\u0131l, \u00fczenginin 1.500 y\u0131l, yular\u0131n ise 2 bin 700 y\u0131l oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015f, bunlar\u0131n ilk \u00f6nce Assiriye’de kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n At binenler ilk \u00f6nceleri at\u0131 boynuna tak\u0131lan \u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc bir ip ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00e7ubukla idare etmi\u015flerdi. Bu olsa gerek at\u0131na binen gencin \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcrgen boyunduru\u011fu e\u011fitirken at\u0131n kafas\u0131nda k\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni.<\/p>\n Gem icat edildi\u011finde, sadece at\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131na konulan ince, k\u0131sa bir deri par\u00e7as\u0131ndan ibaretti. Bu g\u00fcn bile bir\u00e7ok halk gemde burunluk, al\u0131nl\u0131k ve a\u011f\u0131z demiri kullanmamaktad\u0131r. Eskiden Adigeler de burunlu\u011fu olmayan gem tak\u0131m\u0131 yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n At insan gibi konu\u015fan, rehberlik yapan, gelecekten haber veren, ak\u0131ll\u0131, \u00fcstelik u\u00e7an bir canl\u0131 olarak betimlenir masallarda. U\u00e7an hayvan olarak betimlenmesinin sebebi \u015fudur: H\u0131zl\u0131 atlar u\u00e7ma hissi verir binicisine, ayn\u0131 zamanda uza\u011fa s\u0131\u00e7rayabilirler. 1957 y\u0131l\u0131nda Almanya\u2019da e\u011fitilen bir at al\u00e7ak bir engelden ve bir havuzdan ayn\u0131 anda atlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu at\u0131n ayaklar\u0131n\u0131 yerden kesti\u011fi ve tekrar bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer aras\u0131ndaki mesafe 12 m 16 cm idi. (25, s.136) San\u0131r\u0131m at\u0131n masallarda u\u00e7an bir canl\u0131 olarak tasvir edilmesinin sebebi bu olsa gerek.<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 at cinsi bulunmaktad\u0131r. (12. s.763 ) Bunlar\u0131n elli kadar\u0131 bizim \u00fclkemizde ya\u015far. Safkan \u0130ngiliz at\u0131 bunlar\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Onlara bu ismin verilme nedeni, \u0130ngilizlerin 17. yy\u2019dan bu yana \u0130ngiltere\u2019de atlar\u0131n anne-babalar\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fckanne-b\u00fcy\u00fckbabalar\u0131n\u0131 cesaret, g\u00fc\u00e7, s\u00fcrat ve s\u00f6z dinleme yetenekleri ve v\u00fccut \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan d\u00fczenli olarak kayda ge\u00e7irmeleri ve \u015fecerelerini takip etmeleridir.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkmenlerin genellikle binek at\u0131 olarak kulland\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fczel Akaltekin soyu da \u00fcnl\u00fc at cinslerinden biridir. Bu at iki g\u00fcnde bir, sadece birka\u00e7 damla su i\u00e7erek, her g\u00fcn 100 kilometre kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcmek suretiyle hafta boyunca yolculuk yapabilmektedir. (25, s.136 )<\/p>\n \u00c7erkesler tarih boyunca atlarla birlikte, e\u011fer \u00fcst\u00fcnde \u00f6m\u00fcr ge\u00e7irmi\u015flerdir. Bu nedenle her bir \u00c7erkes s\u00fcrekli daha iyi bir ata sahip olma, ona uygun ko\u015fun tak\u0131m\u0131 edinme ve silah ve giysi tedarikinde bulunmay\u0131 bir g\u00f6rev olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Bu kitap ta binek at\u0131 ve e\u011fer yap\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgilidir.<\/p>\n At\u0131n arabaya ko\u015fulmas\u0131, tah\u0131l ve ot ta\u015f\u0131mada kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, ormana gidilmesi, karasabanla topra\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar dayan\u0131r.<\/p>\n Adigelerde en \u00fcnl\u00fc at cinsleri: Adige at\u0131n\u0131n ortak yanlar\u0131; ince kafas\u0131 (y\u0131lan kafas\u0131 gibi), geni\u015f a\u011fz\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck burun deli\u011fi, sivri kulaklar\u0131, kocaman parlak g\u00f6zleri, dik ve uzun boynu, a\u00e7\u0131k ve geni\u015f g\u00f6\u011fs\u00fc, geni\u015f toynak aralar\u0131, iri c\u00fcssesi, orant\u0131l\u0131 uzun beli, e\u011fimli kal\u00e7as\u0131, d\u00fcz ve ince ayaklar\u0131, uzun bilekleri, t\u00fcys\u00fcz topuklar\u0131, derin ayak \u00e7ukurlar\u0131, k\u0131sa ve ince kuyru\u011fudur.<\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlara ek olarak her at cinsinin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc karakterleri vard\u0131r: G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcl\u00fck, s\u00fcrat, uzun s\u00fcre y\u00fcr\u00fcme yetene\u011fi, zeka ve s\u00f6z dinleme \u00f6zellikleri bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n En iyi atlara \u2018\u2019\u015ea\u011fdiy\u2018\u2019 denir. Bunlar hi\u00e7 zorlanmadan her g\u00fcn 120 km\u2018ye yak\u0131n yol alabilir. Bir-iki g\u00fcn hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yemeseler ve su i\u00e7meseler de dayanabilir, toynaklar\u0131 sa\u011flam oldu\u011fundan ta\u015fl\u0131k arazide rahat\u00e7a y\u00fcr\u00fcyebilirler.<\/p>\n Adige atlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 en fazla olan\u0131 ve en \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fc dor att\u0131r (k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131). Ancak siyah ve brul olanlardan da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc atlar \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. En de\u011ferli atlara Adigeler, \u2018\u2019xuare\u2019\u2019, \u2018\u2019xuare gibi\u2019\u2019, Adigeler \u2018\u2019fare\u2019\u2018 Ruslar ise \u2018\u2019far\u2018\u2018 derler. (4) At\u0131n iyi olmas\u0131nda do\u011frudan do\u011fruya onu do\u011furan anne ve baban\u0131n soy a\u011fac\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck etkisi vard\u0131r. Bu nedenle soylu atlar\u0131n \u0131rk\u0131ndan gelen taylar aras\u0131ndan en elveri\u015fli, d\u00fczg\u00fcn suratl\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ayaklar\u0131 olanlar daha \u00f6zenle beslenip, e\u011fitilir. \u00dc\u00e7 d\u00f6rt ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 doldurmam\u0131\u015f ve e\u011fitimini yeni bitiren ata e\u011fer vurulmaz. Uzun yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmaz. Y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar uzun yola yava\u015f yava\u015f, al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. \u00d6zenle besleme, banyo, ta\u015fl\u0131k alanda s\u00fcratli gezindirme, ah\u0131r\u0131n temizli\u011fi, kurulu\u011fu, \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yeterli d\u00fczeyde olmas\u0131, at\u0131n uzuvlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lenmesi ve sa\u011flamla\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken \u00f6nemli ayr\u0131nt\u0131lard\u0131r.<\/p>\n At\u0131 \u00e7ok olanlar onlar\u0131 gruplar halinde beslerlerdi. Bir grup 12 ile 20 k\u0131sraktan (di\u015fi at) olu\u015fur, her grupta bir ayg\u0131r (erkek at) bulunurdu. Ayg\u0131rlar liderlik, sevk ve idareden sorumludur. K\u0131sraklar\u0131n gruptan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na m\u00fcsaade etmez, gruba kat\u0131lan k\u0131sraklar\u0131 ise kabul ederler. Di\u011fer bir ayg\u0131r\u0131n gruba kat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemez, gerekirse onunla kavgay\u0131 g\u00f6ze al\u0131r. Zor ve tehlikeli anlarda ayg\u0131r k\u0131sraklar\u0131 toplayarak g\u00fcvenli bir koruna\u011fa g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr, bu \u015fekilde onlar\u0131 korumu\u015f olur.<\/p>\n Yeti\u015ftiriciler aile damgas\u0131n\u0131 at\u0131n sa\u011f veya sol bald\u0131r\u0131na vururlard\u0131. At\u0131 kaybolan bu damga sayesinde at\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n Bir\u00e7ok halk Adigeleri ve Adige atlar\u0131n\u0131 iyi tan\u0131r. Emidio Doritrlli De\u2019 Askoli\u2019nin yaz\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re Adige Atlar\u0131 yeterince h\u0131zl\u0131 ve g\u00fczeldir. Ona binen Adige atl\u0131s\u0131 da cesim ve ince belli, di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle ata yak\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. (49, s.63-34)<\/p>\n James Bell Adige gen\u00e7lerinin ustal\u0131kla at bindiklerini, at\u0131n da onun isteklerini nas\u0131l yerine getirdi\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde hayretler i\u00e7inde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. At son s\u00fcratle ko\u015farken, ona binen gen\u00e7 t\u00fcfe\u011fini k\u0131n\u0131ndan kap\u0131p havaya f\u0131rlat\u0131lan kalpa\u011f\u0131 vurabilir, attan atlayarak ayaklar\u0131 yere de\u011fer de\u011fmez t\u00fcfe\u011fini doldurur, ayn\u0131 anda arkas\u0131ndan tekrar ata biner, k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131n\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p sald\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7in haz\u0131r vaziyeti alabilirdi. (13, s.475)<\/p>\n \u00dcnl\u00fc Alman bilim adam\u0131 Karl Kokh Adigelerin at\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6neminin onlar\u0131n atlara g\u00f6sterdikleri sevgiden ve b\u00fct\u00fcn Kafkasya\u2019da Adige atlar\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer at cinslerinden 5-6 kat daha pahal\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan anla\u015f\u0131labilece\u011fini belirtmektedir. (22, s.618-619)<\/p>\n Giovanni Lukka\u2019n\u0131n anlatt\u0131klar\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa Adige atlar\u0131 Tatar atlar\u0131ndan daha s\u00fcratli idi (1, s.72). Bu nedenle Tatarlar s\u00fcrekli Adige at\u0131, e\u011feri ve ko\u015fun tak\u0131m\u0131 sat\u0131n al\u0131rlard\u0131. (10, s.154)<\/p>\n Bel\u00e7ikal\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc bilim adam\u0131 Jann Charl De Bess (5) \u015f\u00f6yle yazar: \u2018\u2019Klaprot\u2019un s\u00f6yledi\u011finden farkl\u0131 olarak bunlar\u0131n (Adigeler -\u00c7.A.) atlar\u0131 y\u00fckseklik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u00fcvarili\u011fe elveri\u015fli ve h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dcstelik yoku\u015f \u00e7\u0131kmada ve a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131mada ben bu atlar kadar dirayetli olan\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmedim\u2026\u2019\u2019<\/p>\n \u0130sve\u00e7 kral\u0131 XII. Karl\u2019\u0131n emriyle 1911 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019ya gelmi\u015f olan Frans\u0131z \u015e\u00f6valyelerinden Abri De La Morta\u2019n\u0131n yazd\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re; o Adige kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n omuzlar\u0131nda okluk, ellerinde yay ve kollar\u0131nda avc\u0131 \u015fahin ku\u015fu ile t\u0131pk\u0131 erkekler gibi avlanarak, \u00fcst\u00fcnde d\u00f6rtnala da\u011fda bay\u0131rda at ko\u015fturduklar\u0131na defalarca \u015fahit olmu\u015ftur. (1, s.136-138)<\/p>\n Adige \u00fcniformas\u0131 g\u00f6z al\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, hafiflik ve estetik a\u00e7\u0131dan da at binmeye uygun oldu\u011fundan bir\u00e7ok halk taraf\u0131ndan benimsenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Kitaplarda anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, Adige at\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcn\u00fc ve de\u011feri nedeniyle onun hediye olarak verilmesi hediye alana tarifi imkans\u0131z mutluluklar bah\u015federdi. Bu nedenle bir Adige, birini sevindirmek veya onurland\u0131rmak istedi\u011fi zaman ona genellikle kendi at\u0131n\u0131 lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcrd\u00fc. S\u00f6zgelimi, Romanov ailesinin krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesi nedeniyle (Mikhail Romanov\u2019un Rus \u00e7ar\u0131 oldu\u011fu y\u0131l 1613 y\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r) 1616 y\u0131l\u0131nda Adigeler iyi dileklerini bildiren konu\u015fmalar e\u015fli\u011finde (exhuexhu) ona en iyisinden 12 at hediye etmi\u015flerdi. ( 5, s.15) \u2018\u2019Bana ula\u015fan haberlere g\u00f6re \u00c7erkesse Qudyenet\u2019in o\u011flu Kyelmamet M\u0131rza\u2019n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a iyi bir at\u0131 var. Bu at e\u011ferimize yak\u0131\u015facakt\u0131r, kendisi de at\u0131 vermeye raz\u0131. At\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in beraberinde bir Uerq ekibi de e\u015flik edecektir. Bu ferman\u0131m\u0131 al\u0131r almaz o at\u0131 Kyelmamet M\u0131rza\u2019dan alarak gemiyle Astrakhan\u2019a getirin. At\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcrseniz zarar g\u00f6rece\u011finden endi\u015feleniyorum. Astrakhana yeti\u015fince onun b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc (Voyvoda) Nikita \u0130vanovi\u00e7 Odoyevsk\u2019in ekibine tutanak e\u015fli\u011finde teslim edin. At\u0131 dikkatlice gemiyle yan\u0131ma getirmelerini emretti\u011fimi s\u00f6yleyin\u2019\u2019. ( 20.t. 1 dok\u00fcman No: 132, s.205-206)<\/p>\n Bu ferman\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mesine iki ay kala Eyl\u00fcl’\u00fcn 12. g\u00fcn\u00fcnde Nogay Ordusu Adigelere sald\u0131r\u0131r. Kyelmamet M\u0131rza sald\u0131r\u0131da direnenler aras\u0131nda Balk yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda sava\u015f\u0131rken \u00c7ar’\u0131n sipari\u015fi olan o me\u015fhur at\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne engel olamaz. Bu nedenle bu at \u00c7ar’\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mez.<\/p>\n Belgelerden anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kadar\u0131yla 1645 Y\u0131l\u0131nda Arestlan Tonjenkhan \u00e7ara d\u00f6rt at g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. 1648 Y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n 22 Nisan g\u00fcn\u00fc Rus \u00c7ar\u0131 Alexey Mikhailovi\u00e7 \u00c7erkesske Mutsal ve o\u011flu Qasbulat\u2019\u0131 davet eder. Mutsal taraf\u0131ndan bu ziyarette \u00e7ara \u00fc\u00e7 at ve bir tay (bu atlar\u0131n ikisi ayg\u0131r, ikisi de rahvan idi), (7), iki t\u00fcfek, iki yay, o\u011flu Qasbulat da bir ayg\u0131r, bir rahvan, bir de yavrulu k\u0131srak hediye eder.<\/p>\n Tam da o y\u0131l \u00c7erkesska Yelm\u0131rza\u2019n\u0131n o\u011flu Bat\u0131rby (H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul ettikten sonra Petr ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r) \u00c7ar’a iki, \u00c7erkesska Byda\u00e7ey\u2019in o\u011flu Hatokh\u015f\u0131qo ise dokuz at hediye eder.<\/p>\n Bu \u015fekilde hediye edilen her at\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ar da onlara de\u011ferli hediyelerle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verir. \u00d6rne\u011fin: Baba o\u011ful Mutsal ve Qasbulat\u2019\u0131n 1648 y\u0131l\u0131nda verdikleri 343 Som de\u011ferindeki hediyelere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, 400 Som de\u011ferinde de\u011ferli elbise ve kaban yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok deri \u00c7ar’dan hediye olarak gelmi\u015ftir. Bunun yan\u0131nda refakat\u00e7ilerine de bir\u00e7ok hediye ve para vermekle birlikte, onlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ihtimamla a\u011f\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (20,t.I, Dok\u00fcman No:182, s.291-292 ). On y\u0131l aradan sonra 1658 Y\u0131l\u0131nda Qasbulat yine \u00e7ara yedi at daha hediye eder.<\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlarla birlikte \u00c7ar\u2019\u0131n para ile de Adige at\u0131 sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. 1647 Y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7ar Mutsal\u2019a 500 Som g\u00f6nderir, o da bu parayla alt\u0131 at al\u0131p \u00c7ar\u2019a yollar. ( 20 t. I, dok\u00fcman No: 177 s.283- 285)<\/p>\n Bizim bu belgeleri ortaya koymaktaki amac\u0131m\u0131z Adigelerin hediye olarak g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi atlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 toparlamak de\u011fildir. Pekiyi o zaman amac\u0131m\u0131z nedir? Amac\u0131m\u0131z sadece halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n a\u00e7 g\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fckten uzak akraba ve arkada\u015flar\u0131na iyilik yapabilmeyi bilen insanlar oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektir. Di\u011fer Adige boylar\u0131 da akraba ve arkada\u015flar\u0131na at ve silah hediye ederlerdi.<\/p>\n \u00d6rne\u011fin Persler, K\u0131r\u0131m Tatarlar\u0131 ve Nogaylar ve Kalmuklara. Jann Csarl De Bess\u2019in yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re sadece Misost 3.000 kadar ata sahipti. Di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015f hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 da bundan daha az de\u011fildi. (I, s.337)<\/p>\n 1864 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rus-Kafkas Sava\u015flar\u0131’n\u0131n hen\u00fcz bitti\u011fi zamanlarda Kabardey’de 300 den fazla at\u0131 olan 169 aile vard\u0131. 100 den 200\u2018e kadar at sahibi olan aile say\u0131s\u0131 14 bin 200’den fazla at\u0131 olan ise 9 aile idi. Bu 192 ailenin toplam 728 ayg\u0131r\u0131 (erkek at), 13 bin 174 k\u0131sra\u011f\u0131 (di\u015fi at) vard\u0131. Sadece Cselber karde\u015fler 100 ayg\u0131r ve 1.500 k\u0131srak sahibiydiler. Hatokhcsoqo Teym\u0131ryqo ile Hatokhcsoqo\u2019nun ise 600 at\u0131 vard\u0131. (5, s.23) 1923 Y\u0131l\u0131nda devlet eliyle Kabardey\u2019de tekrar haralar a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Yeni birle\u015fen kolhozlarda 1931 y\u0131l\u0131nda SSCB\u2019nin Sovyet Halk Komitesi\u2019nde at yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi ve \u00fcretimiyle ilgili yap\u0131lan oturumlarda, \u00fclkede a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 planlanan enstit\u00fclerde zooteknik \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 konusunda kararlar al\u0131nd\u0131. Bu enstit\u00fclerin biri Moskova\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda da e\u011fitime ba\u015fland\u0131. \u0130kincisi 1932 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131nda Psihkuabe\u2019de (Pyatigorsk) at yar\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kabardey Haras\u2019\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Bu okul Yesentvigu\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131narak iyi binek atlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretimi, kaliteli atlar\u0131n yeti\u015ftirilmesi konusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Buras\u0131 daha sonra yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerden getirilen kaliteli dam\u0131zl\u0131k ayg\u0131rlar\u0131n \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir merkez haline geldi.<\/p>\n Adige atl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n karak\u0131\u015fta kar alt\u0131nda Kafkas Da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7epe\u00e7evre dola\u015fmalar\u0131na b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u015fahit olmu\u015ftu. F\u0131rt\u0131na ve ayazda, ta\u015fl\u0131-kayal\u0131 da\u011flar\u0131 a\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan Adige atl\u0131lar\u0131 Klukhor ge\u00e7idinden ge\u00e7erek g\u00f6renleri hayrete d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcrcesine Sonem\u2019e girdiler. B\u0131rak\u0131n k\u0131\u015f mevsimini, yaz\u0131n bile buradan ge\u00e7ebilen atl\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131. (5,s. 41-42 ) \u00dc\u00e7 bin kilometrelik yolu a\u015f\u0131p Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 \u00e7epe\u00e7evre dola\u015fan bu grup, daha \u00fc\u00e7 ay bile ge\u00e7meden tekrar yola \u00e7\u0131karak 600 kilometrelik uzun Nal\u00e7ik-Rostov yolunu 4 g\u00fcnde kat ettiler. \u0130lgin\u00e7 olan \u015fu ki; iki yolun da tamam\u0131n\u0131 atlar ve atl\u0131lar eksiksiz olarak tamamlad\u0131lar. Bu atl\u0131lar Adige at\u0131n\u0131n kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve dirayetini i\u015fte bu \u015fekilde ispatlad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n 1937 Y\u0131l\u0131 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda Vaskhnil\u2019de yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131larda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc 5-6 binek at\u0131 cinsi aras\u0131nda Adige atlar\u0131n\u0131n da ad\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. (26, s.16 ) O y\u0131l yar\u0131\u015fan b\u00fct\u00fcn atlar\u0131 geride b\u0131rakan Adige at\u0131 Aslenbe\u00e7 (Aslen-Gali-Acsped) \u015fampiyon olmu\u015ftu. (8)<\/p>\n 1940 Y\u0131l\u0131nda D\u00fcnya \u015eampiyonas\u0131nda birincili\u011fi kazanan 1934 do\u011fumlu Adige at\u0131 Babak (babas\u0131 Borey, annesi Jantyl ) S.M Budanya\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan haradan getirilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n 1941-1945 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki ikinci d\u00fcnya sava\u015f\u0131nda ve \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda pek \u00e7ok se\u00e7me at orduya kazand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Orduya binek at\u0131 olarak se\u00e7ilenler 147 cm. den k\u0131sa olmayanlard\u0131. Ancak Adige atlar\u0131 142 cm boyunda olduklar\u0131 halde talep g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu. Bu atlar o \u00e7etin sava\u015f y\u0131llar\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok zor i\u015fin \u00fcstesinden kolayl\u0131kla geldiler.<\/p>\n Sovyetler Birli\u011finin se\u00e7kin kahramanlar\u0131ndan Ukraynal\u0131 partizan lider S. A. Kovpak \u015f\u00f6yle demi\u015fti: \u2018\u2019\u0130ster orman alt\u0131nda, yama\u00e7ta, yoku\u015fta olsun ister batakl\u0131klarda, at\u0131n g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi beceriyi g\u00f6sterebilecek bir tek makine dahi yoktur. Binek at\u0131 olarak ordumuza verilen atlarla birlikte cumhuriyetimizin atl\u0131 s\u00fcvari birlikleri Rostov yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fman kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kahramanca sava\u015ft\u0131.\u2019\u2019 (47)<\/p>\n Sava\u015f\u0131n devam etti\u011fi 1945 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Nisan ay\u0131nda SSCB\u2019nin Sovyet Halk Komitesi ile VPK(B) Merkez Komitesi, kolhoz ve solhozlarda bir\u00e7ok haran\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bu haralardan daha fazla faydalan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 karala\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar kolhozlar\u0131m\u0131zda hayata ge\u00e7irilerek sava\u015fta b\u00fcy\u00fck bir fakirli\u011fin i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olan Ukrayna\u2019n\u0131n Velikaya Aleksandrovka rayonuna b\u00fcy\u00fck katk\u0131da bulunulmu\u015f, bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede buraya bir\u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckba\u015f hayvan hibe edilmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131llarda Adigeler ve Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer halklar\u0131n\u0131n buraya g\u00f6nderdikleri atlarla Velikaya Aleksandrovka k\u00f6y\u00fcnde kaliteli atlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu bir hara kurulmu\u015ftur. 1946 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fclkemizde yeti\u015ftirilen iyi cins atlar\u0131n uzun mesafe y\u00fcr\u00fcme yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda Quba K\u00f6y\u00fcnden Ali Qad\u0131m\u2019\u0131n Adige cinsi at\u0131 250 kilometrelik yolu 25 saatte y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Bu \u00fcnl\u00fc at seyircilerin hayret dolu bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yar\u0131\u015f\u0131n son iki kilometresini de d\u00f6rtnala ko\u015farak var\u0131\u015f yeri olan Moskova hipodromuna birinci s\u0131rada girdi.<\/p>\n Ne yaz\u0131k ki bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc at ayn\u0131 y\u0131l hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. Quba K\u00f6y\u00fc sakinlerinin anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, yar\u0131\u015ftan d\u00f6nen Ali Qad\u0131m k\u0131sraklar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131lk\u0131ya g\u00f6nderir. P\u0131r\u0131l p\u0131r\u0131l g\u00fcne\u015fli bir g\u00fcnde atlar y\u0131lk\u0131da da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f yay\u0131l\u0131rlarken, birden kara bulutlarla kapanan g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnden so\u011fuk bir f\u0131rt\u0131na kopar. Sa\u011fanak ya\u011fmurdan sonra ba\u015flayan tolu atlar\u0131n korkuyla bir u\u00e7uruma do\u011fru ko\u015fmalar\u0131na neden olur. Atlar\u0131 u\u00e7uruma do\u011fru g\u00f6ndermemek ve tehlikeli araziden korumak isteyen bu ayg\u0131r, at s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kesip onlarla m\u00fccadele eder. Onlar\u0131 a\u011fz\u0131yla yelelerinden tutup yerlere atar. B\u00f6ylece \u00f6nden gidenleri durdurur. Tekrar ayn\u0131 y\u00f6ne ko\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 engellemek amac\u0131yla atlarla onlar\u0131n gitmek istedi\u011fi u\u00e7urumlu b\u00f6lge aras\u0131nda ko\u015farak tur atmaya ba\u015flar. Bu \u015fekilde tur att\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgede bir \u00e7ukura birikmi\u015f olan tolunun \u00fczerinden atlamak ister. Ya\u011fmur suyuyla kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan tolunun \u0131slatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yama\u00e7tan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru kaymas\u0131yla, birlikte at da u\u00e7urumdan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yuvarlan\u0131r. Bu ata ismini veren, onu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden beri besleyip e\u011fiten ayg\u0131r \u00e7oban\u0131 D\u0131csekv Aly tela\u015fla atlara do\u011fru ko\u015farken olan biteni g\u00f6r\u00fcr. \u00c7abucak bindi\u011fi attan inerek bulundu\u011fu tepenin \u00fczerinde do\u011frulup kar\u015f\u0131 yamac\u0131n yank\u0131s\u0131yla birlikte a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru: \u2019\u2019A-a-a-l-y-y-y Q-a-a-a-a-d-\u0131-\u0131-\u0131-m !!! \u2018\u2019 diye uzun bir \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k atar. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu kanl\u0131-canl\u0131 ayg\u0131r buz, ta\u015f, su ve topraktan olu\u015fan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fctlenin i\u00e7inde kafas\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir yer g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeden yatmaktad\u0131r. Dicsekv Aly a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da yatan at\u0131n iki g\u00f6z\u00fcnden gelen ya\u015flar\u0131n yana\u011f\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 akt\u0131\u011f\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck bir hayretle \u015fahit olur. Bu durum kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda dayanamaz, oldu\u011fu yere \u00e7\u00f6kerek uzunca bir s\u00fcre h\u0131\u00e7k\u0131r\u0131klarla a\u011flar. Bu at ve adam o derece birbirlerini sevelerdi ki; at\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden y\u0131llar sonra bile D\u0131csek Aly \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca besleyip sevdi\u011fi ayg\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n her an\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131na hakim olamaz. Bu olay\u0131 y\u0131llar sonra Quba K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nden Hesen\u2019in o\u011flu Melbakhue Boris\u2019ten dinledim.<\/p>\n 1952 y\u0131l\u0131nda Adige atlar\u0131 tekrar 500 kilometrelik uzun bir y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f i\u00e7in yola \u00e7\u0131karlar. Yolun yar\u0131s\u0131 ini\u015f ve yoku\u015flardan olu\u015fmakta, batakl\u0131k, sel ve ta\u015fl\u0131k arazinin i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7mekteydi. Bununla birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fe elveri\u015fli alanlar da mevcuttu. 28 May\u0131s’ta Nal\u00e7ik Hipodromu\u2019ndan ba\u015flayan y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fte Csegem-Baxhsen-Zeyque-Gundelen-Heymacse Yaylas\u0131-Qermeheble (Kamennomostskoye)-Dzeliquequaje-Quba-Soldatskaya-Qalekvih- (Proxladny)-Maysky-Abey Kasbas\u0131 (Wrojayhoye)-Pos adl\u0131 yerle\u015fim yerleri gidi\u015f g\u00fczergah\u0131, Tersky-Andzorey (Stary Lesken)-Jemthele-Sovetsky- Djerpedjej-Dolinsk-Nalcsik adl\u0131 yerle\u015fim yerleri de d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f g\u00fczergah\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktayd\u0131. Atl\u0131lar atlardan hi\u00e7 inmeden her g\u00fcn 10-12 saat yol y\u00fcr\u00fcmekteydiler. Bu grup aral\u0131k ay\u0131n\u0131n 5\u2019inde Nal\u00e7ik\u2019e ula\u015ft\u0131ktan sadece 2 saat sonra atlarla 2 kilometrelik bir s\u00fcrat yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 daha yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. (43, s. 26-27)<\/p>\n Adige at\u0131n\u0131n tarihinde bu gibi bir\u00e7ok istatistiklere ula\u015fmak her zaman m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u00dclkemizde ve ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerde bu g\u00fcn hala ya\u015fayan ve an\u0131lan Adige binek at\u0131 iki cinstir.<\/p>\n a) Adige At\u0131 (Qeberdinskaya Poroda) b) \u0130ngiliz-Adige At Cinsi (Anglo-Qabardinskaya Poroda) \u0130leriki y\u0131llarda Adige atlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcn\u00fc ve kalitesinin art\u0131p artmamas\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle cumhuriyetimizde bu i\u015fle ilgilenen haralar\u0131n, k\u00f6ylerdeki \u00e7iftliklerin tek ba\u015f\u0131na veya grup olarak, at yeti\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flayan herkesin atlarla ilgili bilimsel geli\u015fmeleri ve bulu\u015flar\u0131 takip edip etmemelerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bol \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz olursa mutlaka iyi atlar\u0131m\u0131z da olur. \u2018\u2019\u0130yi at sahibinin aynas\u0131d\u0131r\u2019\u2019 s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc bu y\u00fczden s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir Adigeler.<\/p>\n At binip yola \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce bu konuyla ilgili Adige Xhabzelerinin (\u00f6rf) \u00f6\u011frenilmesi gerekmektedir. Ata binerken uygulanan usuller, at \u00fcst\u00fcnde giderken uygulanan usuller, kad\u0131nla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda uygulanacak usuller, bir b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011fe veya atl\u0131 bir gruba rastland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda uygulanacak usuller, ha\u00e7vecslerdeki (misafirhanelerdeki) usuller.<\/p>\n EVDE \u00d6\u011eREN, TOPLUMDA UYGULA 1)<\/b> Ata binenin yan\u0131nda onun ata binmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak kimse yok ise; binici at\u0131n sol taraf\u0131nda iken, mahmuzlar elinde oldu\u011fu halde, e\u011ferin \u00f6n panelinden sol eliyle tutup sol aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczengiye ge\u00e7irir. Sa\u011f eliyle e\u011ferin arka panelini tutarak kendini kald\u0131r\u0131r. Sa\u011f aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 at\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnden di\u011fer tarafa atarak e\u011ferin i\u00e7ine yumu\u015fak bir \u015fekilde biner. Hemen sa\u011f aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczengiye ge\u00e7irir, kendini biraz yukar\u0131 kald\u0131rarak e\u011ferin tam ortas\u0131n\u0131 bulacak \u015fekilde pozisyon al\u0131r. Sa\u011f eliyle kam\u00e7\u0131y\u0131, sol eliyle de mahmuzlar\u0131 tutar.<\/p>\n 2) <\/b>Binmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak biri varsa bu ki\u015fi y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc ata d\u00f6nerek sa\u011f taraf\u0131na durur. Sa\u011f eliyle mahmuzu at\u0131n \u00e7enesinin alt\u0131ndan kavrar. E\u011fere \u00e7arpmamak ve at\u0131 yerinden k\u0131m\u0131ldatmamak i\u00e7in sol eliyle \u00fczenginin hemen \u00fcst\u00fcnden \u00fczengi derisini tutarak t\u00fcm g\u00fcc\u00fcyle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru \u00e7eker. B\u00f6ylelikle adam rahat bir \u015fekilde ata biner. Bir ki\u015fiyi ata bindirmek ona verilen de\u011ferin g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n 3)<\/b> Ata binme esnas\u0131nda \u00fczengiye ayak taban\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil de ayakucunu koymak gerekir. Ayaklar hafif b\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc, v\u00fccut dik, g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs d\u0131\u015far\u0131da, gerilmeden ve b\u00fck\u00fclmeden, sa\u011f\u0131na-soluna bakmadan, sol elinde mahmuz hafif gev\u015fek, sa\u011f elinde bulunan kam\u00e7\u0131 ikiye katlanm\u0131\u015f ve kam\u00e7\u0131 sap\u0131 ve yapra\u011f\u0131 parmak ucuyla kavram\u0131\u015f, ba\u015f dik bir \u015fekilde yol takip edilir. At\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde \u00f6zg\u00fcrce oturulur.<\/p>\n 4) <\/b>Ya\u015fl\u0131 veya kad\u0131n yan\u0131nda kam\u00e7\u0131yla ata vurulmaz. Uygun de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n 5)<\/b> K\u00f6y sokaklar\u0131nda kad\u0131na rastland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ona yeti\u015fmeden attan inilir. Sol elle mahmuz tutulur ve kad\u0131n sa\u011f tarafta kalacak \u015fekilde ge\u00e7ilir. Bir m\u00fcddet yaya olarak yol ald\u0131ktan sonra at\u0131n kafas\u0131 kad\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu y\u00f6ne do\u011fru y\u00f6neltilerek tekrar ata binilir, d\u00f6n\u00fcp yola devam edilir.<\/p>\n 6) <\/b>Atl\u0131 ile yaya kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rlar ya da atl\u0131 bir yayan\u0131n arkas\u0131ndan ona yeti\u015firse ki\u015finin ya\u015f\u0131na bakmadan \u00f6nce selam vermesi gereken ki\u015fi atl\u0131 oland\u0131r.<\/p>\n 7) <\/b>Yolculuk s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00f6nde giden bir atl\u0131ya yeti\u015filirse, onun sol taraf\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131larak \u2018\u2019iyi yolculuklar\u2019\u2019 (Qhogujapcsi) diyerek selam verilir. Ancak kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan ki\u015fi ya\u015fl\u0131 birisi ise \u2018\u2019sa\u011folas\u0131n\u2018\u2019 (upseuapcsi), \u2018\u2019yolun a\u00e7\u0131k olsun\u2019\u2019 (uiyape tham fvi qirykvue) der, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015fi \u2018\u2019selam aleyk\u00fcm\u2019\u2019 derse \u2018\u2019aleyk\u00fcmselam\u2019\u2019 diyerek selam\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/p>\n 8) <\/b>\u00d6ndeki ki\u015fiye biri yeti\u015ferek sol taraf\u0131na durup \u2018\u2019iyi yolculuklar\u2018\u2019 (qhuegujapcsi) dedikten sonra, onun daha ya\u015fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlarsa, gen\u00e7 olan \u2018\u2019beraber gidelim’\u2019 (dizedyjeapcsi) demeden \u2018\u2019ya\u015f\u0131n \u015fansl\u0131 ola\u2018\u2019 (Jicshamaxue uixhu)\u2018\u2019 derse daha uygun olur. \u2018\u2019Selam aleyk\u00fcm\u2019\u2019\u00fcn cevab\u0131 \u2018\u2019aleyk\u00fcmselam\u2019\u2019d\u0131r. Selamla\u015fma fasl\u0131 sona erdikten sonra gen\u00e7 olan \u00e7abucak sol tarafta yerini almal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n 9) <\/b>Bir ki\u015fi yolda giderken geldi\u011fi y\u00f6ne do\u011fru giden tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir grup atl\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r bir k\u00f6y\u00fc ya da bir yolu sorarlarsa \u2018\u2019ora \u015fu tarafta\u2019\u2019 (ar mobikvecs) demeden \u2018\u2019buyurun ben g\u00f6t\u00fcreyim\u2018\u2019 (finakvue se finezqhesinqe) der ve gidecekleri yere (ev sahibine ya da misafirhanesine) yeti\u015fene kadar onlara e\u015flik eder. Bu ki\u015filer e\u011fer rastlad\u0131klar\u0131 ki\u015finin kendilerine e\u015flik etmesini istemiyorlarsa kendilerini tan\u0131t\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n 10) <\/b>Bir ki\u015fi gitti\u011fi y\u00f6ne doru giden yaln\u0131z bir ya\u015fl\u0131ya rastlarsa, selam verdikten sonra onu ge\u00e7ip gitmez. Ya\u015fl\u0131 yolcu \u2018\u2019yeterli sen yoluna gidebilirsin\u2018\u2019 diyene kadar ona e\u015flik eder. Atl\u0131 kendine do\u011fru gelen bir ya\u015fl\u0131ya rastlarsa selam verir, soldan ge\u00e7er, at\u0131n\u0131 geriye d\u00f6nd\u00fcrerek sol taraf\u0131na gelip durur \u2018\u2019beni ay\u0131plama biraz seninle birlikte ilerlemek istedim de\u2026\u2019\u2019 deyip gidece\u011fi yere kadar veya ya\u015fl\u0131n\u0131n kafi buldu\u011fu yere kadar ona e\u015flik eder.<\/p>\n 11) <\/b>Bir ya\u015fl\u0131 ile birlikte yolculuk yaparken o (ya\u015fl\u0131) dinlenmek istedi\u011fini s\u00f6ylerse, gen\u00e7 \u00e7abucak at\u0131ndan iner, ya\u015fl\u0131 yolcunun at\u0131n\u0131n mahmuzunu tutar ve onu attan indirir. Tekrar yola \u00e7\u0131kacaklar\u0131 zaman yine at\u0131n mahmuzundan tutarak onu ata bindirir. Kendisi de at\u0131na binerek ya\u015fl\u0131n\u0131n sol taraf\u0131ndan yolculu\u011funa devam eder.<\/p>\n 12) <\/b>Cenaze habercisi olarak yola \u00e7\u0131kan atl\u0131 mahmuzu sa\u011f elle, kam\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 da sol elle tutar. O at\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde oturu\u015f tarz\u0131yla tan\u0131n\u0131r. At binmeden \u00f6nce olsun, indikten sonra olsun, o her zaman at\u0131n sa\u011f\u0131nda durur, \u00fczengiye de sa\u011f aya\u011f\u0131yla basarak ata biner. Attan inerken \u00f6nce sol aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yere koyar ve daha sonra \u00fczenginin i\u00e7indeki aya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 indirerek yere basar. Bu durumda \u2018\u2019soldan indi\u2018\u2019 dendi\u011finde bununla anlat\u0131lmak istenen at\u0131n sol taraf\u0131 de\u011fildir. Sol aya\u011f\u0131yla attan indi\u011fidir. Yoksa ini\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fc her zaman sa\u011f taraf olmal\u0131d\u0131r. (10)<\/p>\n 13) <\/b>Cenaze habercisi at\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7bir zaman serbest b\u0131rakmaz, ya\u015fl\u0131 aramaz, evden her kim \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ysa (e\u011fer \u00e7ocuk ya\u015fta de\u011filse) terbiyelice, tokala\u015fmadan selam verir, laf\u0131 dola\u015ft\u0131rmadan, sohbete dalmadan, kolay anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir \u015fekilde \u2018\u2019falanca ki\u015fi ruhunu teslim etti\u2019\u2019 (m\u0131bxueder uizjintacs ) (11) diyerek defnedilece\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fc bildirir ve oradan ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n 14) <\/b>K\u00f6ye bir atl\u0131 veya yaya grubu gelirken veya giderken veya d\u00f6nen bir cenaze habercisi ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131l\u0131rsa veya k\u00f6y\u00fcn etraf\u0131nda at ve \u00f6k\u00fczlerini \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcp gece ziyaretine gelir veya ziyareti bitirip de giderlerken cenaze habercisini g\u00f6r\u00fcrlerse grup kalkar, en ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131 habercinin yan\u0131na gelerek \u2018\u2019Ruhunu teslim edenin mekan\u0131 Cennet olsun. K\u00f6y cenazesi mi yoksa aile cenazesi mi? \u2019\u2019 (duneym yexijam jenetir tham q\u0131ryt. Quaje hede hemere une hede?) diye sorar. E\u011fer haberci \u2018\u2019k\u00f6y cenazesi\u2019\u2019 derse merhumun yeti\u015fkin, \u2018\u2019aile cenazesi\u2019\u2019 der ise \u00e7ocuk oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n 15) <\/b>Atl\u0131 yolculuk esnas\u0131nda k\u00f6yden ge\u00e7erken ak\u015fam olursa uygun buldu\u011fu bir evin misafirhanesine (ha\u00e7vecsine) u\u011frar. Yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda e\u011fer kap\u0131da biri varsa selam verir. E\u011fer kimse yoksa mahmuzu, mahmuz asma yerine asarak misafirhaneye girer. Kam\u00e7\u0131y\u0131 kap\u0131ya yak\u0131n bir \u00e7iviye asar. Acele bir i\u015fi varsa kam\u00e7\u0131 yapra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kap\u0131ya, yoksa ters y\u00f6ne \u00e7evirir. At g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr g\u00f6r\u00fclmez ev sahiplerinden biri i\u00e7eri girerek selam verir. Kam\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131lma y\u00f6n\u00fcne g\u00f6re gerekiyorsa yemek getirir. Ayn\u0131 \u015fey at i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Yol y\u00fcr\u00fcyen k\u0131zg\u0131n ata v\u00fccut \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp teri kurumadan yem de su da verilmez. At\u0131n e\u011feri \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmasa bile kar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131 biraz gev\u015fetilerek yava\u015f\u00e7a kurumas\u0131 ve dinlenmesi sa\u011flan\u0131r. Atl\u0131 e\u011fer kal\u0131c\u0131 misafir ise at\u0131n e\u011feri indirilir. Bu arada misafire yemek haz\u0131rlanarak s\u0131cak bir \u015fekilde servis edilir. Bazen misafir belli bir zaman ge\u00e7tikten sonra kam\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. Bunu ev sahibinin hemen fark etmesi gerekir. E\u011fer kam\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fc sonradan kap\u0131ya do\u011fru d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fcyse misafire az\u0131k (qhuemile) haz\u0131rlan\u0131r, ayn\u0131 zamanda yedirilir ve at\u0131na da e\u011fer vurulur.<\/p>\n Misafire nereden geldi\u011fi, nereye gitti\u011fi, nereli oldu\u011fu, ne zaman yola Misafirin dinlenmesi i\u00e7in misafirhanede k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir sandalye, duvarda ise Bir Adige atas\u00f6z\u00fc \u2018\u2019K\u00f6ye at\u0131 kam\u00e7\u0131layarak gir, mahmuzlayarak \u00e7\u0131k\u2019\u2019 der. Kendini yolcu eden ev sahibine iyi dileklerini sunan bir konu\u015fma (xhuexhu) Ha\u00e7vecse (misafirhaneye) bir katil de gelebilir. Ancak bu durumu ev \u015eu t\u00fcr olaylar\u0131n da ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur: Bir ailenin misafir hanesine \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen gencin babas\u0131 misafirin yan\u0131na girerek: \u2018\u2019\u00d6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn gen\u00e7 benim Ha\u00e7vecse nikahl\u0131 k\u0131z veya evli bir kad\u0131n\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131ranlarla anne veya babas\u0131na Gelen misafir ha\u00e7vecste \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrse; bu su\u00e7u i\u015fleyen \u00f6ncelikle ha\u00e7vecs sahibine ceza olarak 7 k\u00f6le verir. Daha sonra maktul\u00fcn ailesiyle ilgili sorunu da tamamen kendisi halleder. (I, s.393 )<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" KVİCS Hezretaly Çeviri: YEUTYKH Adnan Cankılıç At arkadaş gibidir. Adige karnını aç bırakır. Ama atın karnını aç bırakmaz. Toynağını kullanarak düşmanla kıyasıya savaşan, korkusuzca ve inatla mücadele eden, yarışta önüne geçilmesine asla tahammül etmeyen, canla başla kazanmak isteyen, rekabetçi, yenilgiyi hazım etmeyen bir karaktere sahiptir. Çiftçiler için koşum atı, kırda-bayırda, gece-gündüz çobanların can yoldaşı, seyirlik 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\n<\/span> \u00c7eviri: <\/span> YEUTYKH Adnan Cank\u0131l\u0131\u00e7<\/span><\/p>\n
\nAdige karn\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7 b\u0131rak\u0131r.
\nAma at\u0131n karn\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7 b\u0131rakmaz.<\/span><\/b><\/i><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\nCsolexhu (39, s.337\/9), Trame ( 39, s.60), Qandor ( 39, s.255 ), Ab\u0131qu, Beyqan, Yeqhen, Haqhundoqo, Qundeyt, Jer\u0131cst\u0131, Mercsen, Abzon, Yeseney, Csedjeroque ve benzerleridir. A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi b\u00fct\u00fcn bu at cinsleri ismini ailelerden almaktad\u0131r. Nagume Csore\u2019nin yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Terek nehrinin do\u011fu yakas\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Csolexhu ailesinin kendi aile adlar\u0131yla an\u0131lan at cinsinin o d\u00f6nemde b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyaya nam sald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamaktay\u0131z.<\/p>\n
\nAln\u0131 ve bile\u011fi ak olan (tek veya \u00e7ift bile\u011fi) atlarla k\u00f6steklenen \u00fc\u00e7aya\u011f\u0131 (iki \u00f6n pen\u00e7e ve sol arka) beyaz olan atlar u\u011furlu say\u0131l\u0131r. E\u011fer at\u0131n d\u00f6rt aya\u011f\u0131 da ak ise bu u\u011fursuz say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\n1632 Y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7erkesske Qudyenet’in (6) o\u011flu Kyelmamet M\u0131rza Rus \u00c7ar\u0131’n\u0131n yan\u0131na gitti\u011finde ona iki at hediye etmi\u015fti. Onunla birlikte giden Arestlen karde\u015fler de (Briuq ve Tonjenxhan) iki at hediye etmi\u015flerdi. 1634 Y\u0131l\u0131nda Kyelmamet M\u0131rza Tekrardan Rus \u00c7ar\u0131’na iki, arkada\u015f\u0131 Arestlen Tonjenxhan da iki at verdiler. 1636 Y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7erkesska Mut\u00e7sal Rus \u00c7ar\u0131 Mikhail Fedorovi\u00e7\u2019e d\u00f6rt at hediye eder. 1638 Y\u0131l\u0131nda Yyldar M\u0131rza \u00fc\u00e7, Ts\u00e7\u0131rkov Murza d\u00f6rt at\u0131 birlikte verirler. B\u00f6lgemizden g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp vermelerini beklemeden \u00c7ar kendisi de Adige at\u0131 edinme imkanlar\u0131 aram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu konuyla ilgili olarak Mikhail Fedorovi\u00e7\u2019in emrinde bulunan ve Ter\u00e7\u2019 de ya\u015fayan Syemen \u0130vanovi\u00e7 Csekhovskoy, Savve Potapovi\u00e7 Narbekov, Grygory Uglev gibilerine 1641 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ekim ay\u0131nda g\u00f6nderilen \u015fu belge ilgin\u00e7tir:<\/p>\n
\nXIX. Y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda Kabardey’de at yeti\u015ftiren ve kaliteli dam\u0131zl\u0131k at geli\u015ftirme konusunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapan 58 hara vard\u0131.<\/p>\n
\nO zamanlar Qodzoqo Luqmen (H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul ettikten sonra Dimitri Stepanovi\u00e7 ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131). Adige at\u0131n\u0131n kalitesinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00fcretilmesi konusunda bir\u00e7ok faydal\u0131 i\u015fe imza atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u00fcksek tahsilli insan\u0131n iste\u011fiyle Balk\u2019\u0131n Kuzey’inde haralar a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019daki Rus ve Kazak ordusunun en \u00e7ok be\u011fenip se\u00e7ti\u011fi atlar Adige atlar\u0131yd\u0131. Bu nedenle \u00c7ar’\u0131n emriyle Maykop\u2019taki hara 1892 Kabardey\u2019e nakledilmi\u015f ve Acsebiy Haras\u0131\u2019yla birle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. (43, s.22). Bununla birlikte Rusya\u2019daki haralarda da 1917 Ekim Devrimi’nden \u00f6nce Adige atlar\u0131 yeti\u015ftirilirdi. (26, s.21)<\/p>\n
\n(19, s. 235) (9)<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nBu at g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f itibariyle fazla y\u00fcksek de\u011fildir. Ayg\u0131rlar\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fi: 150 cm. G\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs \u00e7evresi 180 cm. Ayak bile\u011fi \u00e7evresi 20 cm. K\u0131sraklar\u0131n \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcleri ise 147-177-19 cm. \u00dc\u00e7 ya\u015fl\u0131 Adige atlar\u0131n\u0131n en h\u0131zl\u0131lar\u0131 2.4 kilometrelik yolu 2. 44 dakikada ko\u015fmu\u015ftur. H\u0131zl\u0131 ko\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda Adige atlar\u0131, \u00e7ok y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131ma ve kuvvetli olma \u00f6zellikleriyle de bilinirler. Proyekt adl\u0131 erkek yar\u0131\u015f at\u0131 50 kilometreyi 1 saat 41 dakika 25 salisede ko\u015fma ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi. Bu cins atlar\u0131n \u00fclkemizdeki toplam say\u0131s\u0131 10 bin’den azd\u0131r. (6, s.49)<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nBu at cinsinin en s\u00fcratlisi, 2. 4 kilometrelik yolu 2. 36 saate ko\u015fabilmi\u015ftir. Bu cins atlar \u00fclkemizde Malke Haras\u0131 ile Stavropol B\u00f6lgesinde Malokara\u00e7eyevske Haras\u0131nda a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak yeti\u015ftirilmektedir. (6, s.42)<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>Uy uinem zicsiqhasy xasem yaxiha
\nAdige atas\u00f6z\u00fc.<\/p>\n
\n\u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 gibi konular\u0131n sorulmas\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ay\u0131p say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\ncsikvepcsine (atkuyru\u011fu ile yap\u0131lan bir cins \u00c7erkes \u00e7alg\u0131s\u0131) bulundurulur.
\nNamaz k\u0131lacaksa, abdest almas\u0131 i\u00e7in le\u011fen, su dolu ibrik ve namazl\u0131k
\nhaz\u0131rlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nBunun nedeni; misafir evin \u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131l\u0131rken kam\u00e7\u0131yla ata vurmas\u0131n\u0131n ay\u0131p kabul edilmesidir. Misafir ev sahibinden memnun kalmam\u0131\u015f veya bir konuya can\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilir. O zaman at\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fc eve do\u011fru y\u00f6nelmi\u015f vaziyette ata biner terbiyeli bir \u015fekilde at\u0131 hafif\u00e7e mahmuzlayarak yava\u015f\u00e7a kap\u0131dan ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\nyapar.<\/p>\n
\nsahibine hemen bildirmesi gerekir.<\/p>\n
\ngelen misafir, laf\u0131 hi\u00e7 dola\u015ft\u0131rmadan birini \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yler ve kendisinin
\nkorunmas\u0131 ister. Fazla zaman ge\u00e7meden bu aileye bir cenaze habercisi gelir ve evin reisine o\u011flunun bir cinayete kurban gitti\u011fini s\u00f6yler ve \u00f6ld\u00fcren ki\u015finin ad\u0131n\u0131 bildirerek oradan ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\no\u011flum olur. Bana s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7in seni \u00f6ld\u00fcrmem do\u011fru olamaz ama o\u011flumun cenazesini getirip arkada\u015flar\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde seni korumam imkans\u0131z olur. O nedenle \u015fimdi at\u0131na bin ve nereye gidersen git. Bir daha da kar\u015f\u0131ma \u00e7\u0131kma\u2019\u2019 der.<\/p>\n
\nk\u0131yanlar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 yasakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n