{"id":7508,"date":"2024-01-24T01:48:29","date_gmt":"2024-01-24T07:48:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=7508"},"modified":"2024-01-24T20:45:56","modified_gmt":"2024-01-25T02:45:56","slug":"adigelerde-evlilik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/adigelerde-evlilik\/","title":{"rendered":"AD\u0130GELERDE EVL\u0130L\u0130K"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Yazar\u0131 Bilinmiyor<\/span>
\nNot:<\/span><\/b> Bu <\/span>makalenin yazar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ad\u0131n\u0131 koyamad\u0131k. Bilginiz varsa l\u00fctfen CircassianC<\/b><\/span>enter<\/strong>\u2019<\/span>a e-mail at\u0131n\u0131z.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6ns\u00f6z<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Adigeler ba\u015fka uluslardan k\u0131z almaya ve ba\u015fka uluslara k\u0131z vermeye fazla s\u0131cak bakmazlar.<\/p>\n

Adigelerin evlenme geleneklerinde “Yepl\u0131xi ka\u015fe, depleyi yet” yani “A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 bak al, yukar\u0131 bak ver” kural\u0131 esast\u0131r. Bu erke\u011fin kad\u0131n sayesinde de\u011fil, kad\u0131n\u0131n erkek sayesinde refah g\u00f6rmesi anlam\u0131na gelir. Erke\u011fin makam ve servet\u00e7e daha altta olan k\u0131zlar\u0131 e\u015f se\u00e7mesini \u00f6ng\u00f6ren bu kural, Adigelerin k\u0131zlar\u0131na de\u011fer verme konusunda ne kadar duyarl\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6stergesi say\u0131l\u0131r.
\n <\/b><\/p>\n

Evlenmenin Ya\u015f\u0131<\/p>\n

Adigeler erken ya\u015flarda k\u0131z ve erkek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 evlendirmezler. K\u0131zlar\u0131n biraz ya\u015fl\u0131ca olmas\u0131n\u0131 kusur de\u011fil, olgunluk g\u00f6stergesi olarak kabul ederler. \u00c7o\u011funlukla evlilik ya\u015f\u0131 25-30 aras\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Adige k\u0131z ve delikanl\u0131lar\u0131 e\u015f se\u00e7imi konusunda olduk\u00e7a do\u011fal ve pratik bir yol izlerler. Sevmek ve be\u011fenmek gen\u00e7lerin hakk\u0131, vase (ba\u015fl\u0131k) al\u0131p vermek de ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n hak ve g\u00f6revidir.<\/p>\n

E\u015f Se\u00e7me Hakk\u0131<\/p>\n

Adige k\u0131z ve delikanl\u0131lar\u0131 serbest hareket ettikleri i\u00e7in e\u015f se\u00e7iminde fazla zorluk \u00e7ekmezler.<\/p>\n

Her k\u0131z \u00e7evre yerle\u015fim yerlerindeki b\u00fct\u00fcn delikanl\u0131lar\u0131 tan\u0131r. S\u00fcrekli olarak d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ve toplant\u0131larda delikanl\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6rme ve konu\u015fma f\u0131rsat\u0131 bulabilirler. Bu toplant\u0131larda birbirlerini be\u011fenen gen\u00e7ler daha fazla konu\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar ve evlenme niyetlerini a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa vururlar.<\/p>\n

Gen\u00e7ler Nelere Dikkat Ederler?<\/b><\/p>\n

Delikanl\u0131lar \u00f6zellikle k\u0131zlar\u0131n fiziksel yap\u0131lar\u0131na dikkat ederler. \u00c7elimsiz ya da fazla kilolu ki\u015fileri be\u011fenmezler. Adige k\u0131zlar\u0131 dik durmaya ve y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye dikkat ederler, kamburlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck kusur olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. Bellerinin ince kalmas\u0131 v\u00fccutlar\u0131n\u0131n dik durmas\u0131 i\u00e7in “\u015fuktan” denilen \u00f6zel korseler kullan\u0131rlar. Ne kadar asil ve zengin aileye mensup olursa olsun \u00e7elimsiz ve yeteneksiz bir k\u0131z\u0131 delikanl\u0131lar kabul etmezler. K\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fczel elbise dikmek, ince ve zarif s\u0131rma i\u015flemeleri yapmak konusundaki \u00fcn\u00fc delikanl\u0131lar\u0131n ona ra\u011fbet g\u00f6stermesine neden olur.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u0131zlar da kendisine e\u015f olacak delikanl\u0131da se\u00e7kin \u00f6zellikler ararlar. Asalet ve servet gibi konular \u00f6nemli olmakla birlikte bir k\u0131z i\u00e7in erkek se\u00e7iminde bunlar yeterli de\u011fildir. \u00d6nce ahlaki \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe dikkat eden k\u0131zlar, ciddiyet, istikamet, cesaret sahibi olmayan genci be\u011fenmezler.<\/p>\n

K\u0131z evlenmeyi kabul etti\u011fi delikanl\u0131ya parma\u011f\u0131ndaki y\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7\u0131kararak kabul i\u015fareti olmak \u00fczere verir. Delikanl\u0131 da bu yadigar\u0131 \u00f6zenle korur. Adige delikanl\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak k\u0131za y\u00fcz\u00fck vermezler. Evlenme teklifinin kabul g\u00f6rmesi \u00fczerine serbest g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fen, g\u00fcl\u00fcp \u015fakalar yapan k\u0131zla delikanl\u0131, di\u011fer uluslarda g\u00f6r\u00fclenin aksine derhal resmiyet ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015fl\u0131k (V\u00e2se)<\/span><\/p>\n

Adigeler k\u0131zlar\u0131 i\u00e7in eskiden olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek v\u00e2se yani (ba\u015fl\u0131k) al\u0131rlard\u0131.\u00a0 Eski Adigelerde v\u00e2se almaktan ama\u00e7 k\u0131zlar\u0131na h\u00fcrmet edildi\u011fini ve de\u011fer verildi\u011fini g\u00f6rmektir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc baba ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131k de\u011ferinde bir arma\u011fan\u0131 ilk ziyaretinde k\u0131z\u0131na verirdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adige k\u0131zlar\u0131 kendileri i\u00e7in asaletinden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131k verilmesini affedilmez bir hakaret sayarlard\u0131. Gelini fazla \u00fczmemek i\u00e7in damat taraf\u0131 da fedak\u00e2rl\u0131k yapard\u0131. Para, at, \u00f6k\u00fcz, silah gibi \u015feyler ba\u015fl\u0131k olarak verilirdi.\u00a0 Ba\u015fl\u0131k veremeyecek derecede yoksul olanlara, soyunun servet sahipleri yard\u0131m etmek zorundayd\u0131. Bu ihmal edilmeyecek bir gelenektir. Delikanl\u0131n\u0131n adet gere\u011fince hakk\u0131 olan bu yard\u0131m\u0131 istemesi ay\u0131p say\u0131lmazd\u0131. Bundan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc Adigelerde yoksulluk evlenme\u011fe engel de\u011fildi.<\/b><\/p>\n

K\u0131z \u0130steme<\/p>\n

K\u0131z erke\u011fin evlenme teklifine evet dedi\u011fi andan itibaren gelini almak ve g\u00f6t\u00fcrme t\u00f6reni ba\u015flar. Bu t\u00f6ren iki \u015fekilde olur. Birisi resmi \u015fekilde k\u0131z\u0131 babas\u0131ndan istemek, vaseyi \u00f6nceden vererek her zamanki t\u00f6ren ile gelini g\u00fcnd\u00fcz eve g\u00f6t\u00fcrmektir. Bu y\u00f6ntem daha \u00e7ok uygun ve kibarl\u0131k say\u0131l\u0131r.
\nK\u0131z babas\u0131ndan istenecekse delikanl\u0131n\u0131n amca, day\u0131 gibi en yak\u0131n akrabas\u0131ndan biriyle bir thamade (ihtiyar) el\u00e7i olarak g\u00f6nderilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ancak k\u0131z ba\u015fka k\u00f6yde ise babas\u0131n\u0131n evinden ba\u015fka bir eve konuk olmak ve k\u0131z\u0131 istemek sayg\u0131 gere\u011fidir. Delikanl\u0131n\u0131n babas\u0131 k\u0131z\u0131 asla kendisi istemez. Annenin k\u0131z be\u011fenmeye gitmesi ise adet de\u011fildir. Ebeveyn i\u00e7in g\u00f6rmeden gelin sahibi olmak Adigelere \u00f6zg\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ancak y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmedi\u011fi bir k\u0131z\u0131 e\u015f olmak \u00fczere bir gencin odas\u0131na sokmak gibi bir adet Adigelerde yoktur.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6nderilen heyet ba\u015fvurunca, baba, kad\u0131nlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla k\u0131za d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini sorar.\u00a0 Aile bireylerinin oyuna ba\u015fvurur. K\u0131zlar her zaman nezaket gere\u011fi sonucu babas\u0131n\u0131n oyuna b\u0131rak\u0131rlar. Ancak, k\u0131zlar\u0131n arkada\u015flar\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce\u00a0 ve arzusu \u00f6\u011frenilir. K\u0131z\u0131n arzu etti\u011fi delikanl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f ve makam a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kendisine uygun oldu\u011fu takdirde baba genellikle reddetmez. Bu bi\u00e7imde baban\u0131n onay\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131nca a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k miktar\u0131n\u0131n tayini i\u00e7in zaman kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Art\u0131k o g\u00fcnden ba\u015flayarak k\u0131z babas\u0131ndan utan\u0131p ona g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemeye ba\u015flar. <\/b><\/p>\n

Gelin \u00c7\u0131karma<\/p>\n

Gelini getirmek \u00fczere olu\u015fturulan alaya delikanl\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn akran\u0131n\u0131 davet eder. Alaya kendisi kat\u0131lmaz. Ancak, gen\u00e7 karde\u015fleri, gen\u00e7 day\u0131 ve amcalar\u0131 alaya e\u015flik ederler. Gelini getirecek araba ile delikanl\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131z karde\u015fi ya da akrabas\u0131ndan bir iki k\u0131z ve kad\u0131n ile hizmet\u00e7i k\u0131z gider.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u0131z yak\u0131n k\u00f6yden getirilecek ise alay sabah gidip ak\u015fama d\u00f6ner. Gelin genellikle Cuma, bazen da Per\u015fembe ya da Pazartesi ak\u015famlar\u0131 eve getirilir.<\/p>\n

Alay\u0131n onuruna o gece d\u00fczenlenen danslara gelini almaya gelen k\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ok oynamas\u0131 \u015fart gibidir.<\/p>\n

Gelin alay\u0131n\u0131n hareket zaman\u0131 gelince b\u00fct\u00fcn heyet gelinin \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 kap\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde at \u00fcst\u00fcnde haz\u0131r bulunur. Delikanl\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck karde\u015fi ya da yak\u0131n akrabas\u0131ndan bir gen\u00e7 odaya girer. O dakikadan ba\u015flayarak yeni girece\u011fi aile ve kabileye kar\u015f\u0131 bir prenses tavr\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f olan gelinin koltu\u011funa girerek oturdu\u011fu yerden kald\u0131r\u0131r. Gen\u00e7lere \u00f6zel bu t\u00f6rene ihtiyarlar\u0131n kar\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131 al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan ve olgunluk say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan gelinin yan\u0131nda annesi ve babas\u0131 de\u011fil ya\u015fl\u0131 akrabas\u0131 bile bulunmaz.<\/p>\n

Gelinin ge\u00e7ece\u011fi yol \u00fczerinde zengin ve asil aileler de\u011ferli kuma\u015f sererler. A\u011f\u0131r a\u011f\u0131r gelini koltu\u011funda odan\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131na do\u011fru getiren gen\u00e7 devaml\u0131 etrafa para serper. Adigelerde g\u00fcveyin koltu\u011fa girmemesi, orada haz\u0131r bulunacak olan ya\u015fl\u0131lara sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterme d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden ileri gelir.<\/b><\/p>\n

Llepe Mafe Vez Si Daxe<\/p>\n

Gelin kap\u0131dan \u00e7\u0131karken gelinle ili\u015fkisi olan ihtiyar bir kad\u0131n “Llepe mafe vez si daxe” yani “mesut ad\u0131m atas\u0131n g\u00fczelim” der. Bunun \u00fczerine mutluluk yuvas\u0131 olan baba evini terk etmekte olan gelin, eski g\u00fczel an\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle duydu\u011fu \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcyle kendini tutamaz, g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6kse de hissettirmeme\u011fe \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Gelin giderken anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131n elini \u00f6pmez. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc kendisini naz ve nimet i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fcten \u015fefkatli ailesini ba\u015fkas\u0131 i\u00e7in terk edip gitmeyi h\u00fcrmetsizlik ve ay\u0131p sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan o s\u0131rada onlar\u0131n yan\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmaktan utan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ba\u015f\u0131nda duvak oldu\u011fu halde gelin kap\u0131dan \u00e7\u0131karken haz\u0131r bulunanlar sayg\u0131yla silah atarak kendisini selamlar. Gelin evden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra alay silah atmaya devam eder ve \u015fenlik i\u00e7inde yola d\u00fc\u015fer. Gelin g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeyle ilgili ulusal mar\u015flar hep bir a\u011f\u0131zdan s\u00f6ylenir. Silah at\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve at oyunlar\u0131 yol boyunca devam eder.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte b\u00f6yle ne\u015feli bir alayla gelin “Leghune” ad\u0131 verilen gelin odas\u0131n\u0131n kap\u0131s\u0131na getirilir. B\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00f6y i\u00e7inde sevin\u00e7 i\u015fareti olarak hemen kurban kesilir. Gelini kap\u0131da k\u0131z ve gen\u00e7 kad\u0131nlar beklerken bir taraftan da silahlar at\u0131l\u0131r. Gelin odaya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr ve gelinin o g\u00fcn i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu s\u0131rma i\u015flemeli silahl\u0131k gibi \u015feyler alaya kat\u0131lanlar\u0131 arma\u011fan edilir. B\u00fct\u00fcn heyet ve k\u00f6y ahalisi d\u00fczenlenen ziyafette bulunarak yemek yerler.<\/b><\/p>\n

Gelinlik Yerine Kurak ve \u015euktan<\/p>\n

Adigelerde \u00f6zel olarak gelinlik elbisesi yapmak adet de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle gelin, k\u0131zl\u0131k elbisesi ile gelir. Bir Adige k\u0131z i\u00e7in ba\u015f\u0131ndaki s\u0131rma ta\u00e7, s\u0131rma \u015feritlerle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00fczel kuraktan daha g\u00fczel bir \u015fey yoktu. Zifaf gecesine kadar bu elbiseyi giyer ve tam olarak temiz bir \u015fekilde geldi\u011fini g\u00f6sterir. Adige k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131n beli ince, v\u00fccudu dik tutmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131klar\u0131 “\u015fuktan” da ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. \u015euktans\u0131z yani korsesiz gelin olmak k\u0131z i\u00e7in ay\u0131p say\u0131l\u0131r ve onu \u00e7\u0131karmak g\u00fcveyin hakk\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Adigelerde y\u00fcz g\u00f6r\u00fcml\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi adetler yoktur. Ancak gelin gelir gelmez kay\u0131n pederi servet derecesine g\u00f6re at, dam\u0131zl\u0131k hayvan arma\u011fan eder. Bununla beraber ne kay\u0131npeder, ne de kay\u0131nvalide gelini g\u00f6remez. Ertesi sabah gelin art\u0131k k\u0131zlara \u00f6zel giysilerini \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r ve kad\u0131n elbisesi giyer. \u00c7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 elbiseleri kocas\u0131n\u0131n akrabas\u0131ndan olan k\u0131z ve kad\u0131nlara arma\u011fan ederek gen\u00e7lik ya\u015fam\u0131na veda eder.<\/b><\/p>\n

Gelinin Yeni Evindeki Konumu
\n
\nGelin bir esir, bir hizmet\u00e7i de\u011fil, tam bir ki\u015filik ve s\u00f6z sahibi olarak geldi\u011fini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in gelin odas\u0131nda bir prenses gibi oturur, ne d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar, ne diker, ne de ba\u015fka bir i\u015fe el s\u00fcrer. Aksine kendisine hizmet edilir. Sofras\u0131 aya\u011f\u0131na gelir, yaln\u0131z kendisini g\u00f6rmeye gelenlerin ziyaretini kabul eder. Kocas\u0131n\u0131n akrabas\u0131 olan kad\u0131nlar gelini g\u00f6rmeye gelince etraf\u0131na un, yumurta, ya\u011f ve \u015fekerden yap\u0131lan hamur tatl\u0131s\u0131 Meterizz serperler. Onu kap\u0131\u015facak \u00e7ocuklarda orada eksik olmaz. \u0130lk zamanlarda gelin kocas\u0131n\u0131n akrabas\u0131ndan olan ya\u015fl\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda oturmaz. Yemek yemez, hatta konu\u015fmaz. Ancak kendisine akran olanlarla sohbet eder. Yan\u0131na kocas\u0131n\u0131n akrabas\u0131ndan olanlar \u00e7ocuk da olsa girdik\u00e7e sayg\u0131dan aya\u011fa kalkar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gelin kay\u0131npeder, kay\u0131nvalide, b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131nbirader, kocas\u0131n\u0131n amcalar\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyemez. Kay\u0131npeder ve kay\u0131nvalidesinin ad\u0131 s\u00f6ylendik\u00e7e sayg\u0131yla aya\u011fa kalkar. Kay\u0131n pederine prens anlam\u0131nda “P\u015fi” kay\u0131nvalidesine “Gua\u015fe” yani prenses, kay\u0131nbiraderlerine “P\u015fiko”, k\u0131zlar\u0131na “P\u015fibhb” der. Gelin kocas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyemez. Uygun ve ho\u015f bir deyi\u015f kullan\u0131r, \u00f6rne\u011fin “Ceylan” der ya da aile ad\u0131yla hitap eder.<\/b><\/p>\n

K\u0131z Ka\u00e7\u0131rma<\/p>\n

Ebeveynin k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 vermek istememesi \u00fczerine \u00e7iftler, gece ka\u00e7maya karar verirler. Bu halde delikanl\u0131 arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 alarak gizlice k\u0131z\u0131n evine giderler. Belirli bir saatte k\u0131z d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca ata bindirirler ve k\u00f6yden uzakla\u015f\u0131rlar. Gelin g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeyle ilgili \u015fark\u0131 ve mar\u015flar\u0131 s\u00f6yleyerek, silah atarak delikanl\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6y\u00fcne gelirler. Uyanan k\u00f6y ahalisi de her taraftan silah atarak bu yeni konu\u011fu selamlar. K\u0131z delikanl\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131n akrabalar\u0131ndan biri taraf\u0131ndan at \u00fczerinde g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. G\u00fcvey g\u00f6t\u00fcrmez.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yazarı Bilinmiyor Not: Bu makalenin yazarı hakkında bilgi olmadığı için adını koyamadık. Bilginiz varsa lütfen CircassianCenter’a e-mail atınız. Önsöz Adigeler başka uluslardan kız almaya ve başka uluslara kız vermeye fazla sıcak bakmazlar. Adigelerin evlenme geleneklerinde “Yeplıxi kaşe, depleyi yet” yani “Aşağı bak al, yukarı bak ver” kuralı esastır. Bu erkeğin kadın sayesinde değil, kadının erkek 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