![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/ADIGELERDE-SILAH-DONANIM-VE-SANATI-b.png\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Kafkasya Dergisi
\n<\/b> 1991
\n\u00c7eviri: Musa Ramazan<\/p>\n
Kafkas halklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok eski tarihlere uzanan silah yap\u0131m sanat\u0131 olduk\u00e7a \u00fcnl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu g\u00fcn Devlet Tarih M\u00fczesi koleksiyonlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Kuzey Kafkasya haklar\u0131na ait \u00e7ok eski zamanlarda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ok k\u0131l\u0131flar\u0131, sivri u\u00e7lu \u00e7e\u015fitli silahlar, tabancalar, fi\u015fekler, barutluklar, yelme (z\u0131rhl\u0131 elbise), mi\u011ffer, kolluklar, kasatura ve kamalar, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar ve z\u0131rhlar, ok, yay, m\u0131zrak gibi sava\u015f donan\u0131m\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz tarihlerden beri Adigelerin askeri gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in \u00fcrettikleri silahlar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n s\u00fcsleme sanat\u0131 hayli geli\u015fmi\u015fti.<\/span><\/p>\n 15-18.y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131nda Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 ziyaret eden yabanc\u0131lar Adigeya silahlar\u0131n\u0131n kalitesinin ve g\u00f6zkama\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fczelli\u011finin fark\u0131na varm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Adigeya\u2019da her hanede oklar, m\u0131zraklar ve barutlar yap\u0131labilmekteydi, daha zor i\u015fler ise profesyonel silah yap\u0131m ustalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131rd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n Savunma silahlar\u0131 Baz\u0131 ustalar \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin \u00fczerine kendi imzalar\u0131n\u0131 ya da armalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7akm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Mi\u011fferlerin \u00fcst halkalar\u0131na tak\u0131l\u0131 flamalar\u0131n sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 sahtiyandan s\u0131rma \u015feritlerle dikildikleri ve motif nak\u0131\u015flarla s\u00fcslendikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Mi\u011fferlerin alt taraf\u0131nda da demir a\u011flardan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f z\u0131rh vard\u0131r ve y\u00fcz\u00fcn yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kapatacak \u015fekilde yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/span> Arka ve yanlarda omuzlar \u00fczerine d\u00f6k\u00fclerek v\u00fccudu kaplayan yelmeyi \u00f6rtmektedir (ense ve s\u0131rt k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle kapatmaktad\u0131r). <\/span> Belirtmek gerekir ki yelmeler ve z\u0131rh g\u00f6mlekler aras\u0131nda bir tak\u0131m ayr\u0131mlar vard\u0131r. Bunlardan en \u00f6nemlisi yelmelerin yuvarlak demir tel kesitler kullan\u0131larak, z\u0131rh g\u00f6mleklerin ise s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f teller ile yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. Kuzey-bat\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n Kaberdey z\u0131rhlar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131rlar. Bu z\u0131rhlar ge\u00e7mi\u015fte Persler taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131rlard\u0131. 15.y\u00fczy\u0131lda da T\u00fcrklerin hara\u00e7 kalemleri aras\u0131nda at ve insanlar\u0131n yan\u0131s\u0131ra z\u0131rhlar de bulunmaktayd\u0131. Bu i\u015fin \u00f6nc\u00fcleri olan Kaberdey z\u0131rh ustalar\u0131 1660\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda \u00f6nceleri Astrahan’a daha sonralar\u0131 ise Moskova\u2019ya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclerek \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 darbelerinden korunmay\u0131 sa\u011flayan kolluklara gelince; bunlar kelep\u00e7eler \u015feklindedir ve yanlar\u0131nda yard\u0131mc\u0131 kelep\u00e7eler niteli\u011finde iki\u015fer tane daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kelep\u00e7elerin halkalarla ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 sa\u011flanarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fcstleri ise alt\u0131n varaklarla s\u00fcslenmi\u015flerdir.<\/span><\/p>\n Savunma silahlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ya da siyah sahtiyandan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f eldivenler de bulunurdu. Kad\u0131nlar taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f iplik ve s\u0131rmalarla i\u015flenerek haz\u0131rlanan ve deri kemeler ile ele ba\u011flanan eldivelerin \u00fcst\u00fcndeki dikili z\u0131rh par\u00e7alar\u0131da dikkatleri \u00e7ekmektedir.<\/span><\/span> Adige motiflerinden olu\u015fan s\u00fcsler aras\u0131nda boynuz ve yaprak \u015fekilleri de g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n So\u011fuk silahlar<\/strong> Ustalar \u00f6nceleri Astrahan’a daha sonralar\u0131 1661\u2019li y\u0131llarda Moskova\u2019ya “pulat” k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcreten ve bunlar\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fcmlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren ustalar olarak g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015flerdir. 17.y\u00fczy\u0131lda Adigelerde k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ya da uzun b\u0131\u00e7ak diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan yeni bir so\u011fuk silah t\u00fcr\u00fc belirmi\u015ftir. Bu bi\u00e7im dalk\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131 di\u011ferlerinden ay\u0131ran \u00f6zelli\u011fi; elleri korumaya yarayan kabzalar\u0131n ha\u00e7 bi\u00e7imini ta\u015f\u0131mamas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca b\u0131\u00e7ak b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ile sap\u0131n kabzaya g\u00f6m\u00fclmemesidir.<\/span><\/p>\n \u0130ki a\u011fa\u00e7 par\u00e7as\u0131 halinde haz\u0131rlanan kabzan\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde \u00f6zel haz\u0131rlanan deri yer almaktad\u0131r. \u00dczerleri s\u0131rma kadifelerle s\u00fcslenen deriler genellikle ye\u015fil renktedir, kadifeler fazla s\u00fcsl\u00fc olmamakla birlikte yine de savatl\u0131 i\u015fler ra\u011fbet g\u00f6rmekteydi.<\/span><\/p>\n G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f fi\u015feklikler, \u015farj\u00f6r ba\u011flar bunun \u00f6rnekleri ile doludur. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 kemerlerinin \u00fczerinde de yal\u0131n g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ya da demirden \u00e7e\u015fitli par\u00e7alar vard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 kemelerin s\u00fcslemesinde ise s\u0131rma \u015feritler kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zamanla kuzey-bat\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019da k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n pop\u00fclaritesi artt\u0131k\u00e7a dalk\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle vazge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir.19.y\u00fczy\u0131lda art\u0131k Adige dalk\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktu. Devlet Tarih M\u00fczesi\u2019nde \u00fczerine 1713 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcretildi\u011fi kay\u0131tl\u0131 en eski k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131n metal k\u0131sm\u0131 bat\u0131 Avrupa k\u00f6kenlidir. Sap\u0131 siyah renkli boynuzdan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buradaki en ilgin\u00e7i k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lardan biri de g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f bak\u0131m\u0131ndan son derece g\u00fczel 1857 tarihli dar bir k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7t\u0131r. Alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kakmalarla sap\u0131 s\u00fcslenen bu k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7taki karekteristik Adige motifleri aras\u0131nda yuvarlak, yar\u0131 yuvarlak boynuz \u015fekilleri, k\u0131vr\u0131ml\u0131 l\u00fcleler, \u00e7elenge benzer \u00e7i\u00e7ekler, yapraklar ve g\u00fcl\u00fc an\u0131msatan oymalar vard\u0131r. \u00dczerinde hafif oval kanalc\u0131klar bulunan b\u0131\u00e7ak k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 keskin bir aletle \u015fekillenmi\u015f ve hepsi orijinal Adige motiflerine sad\u0131k kal\u0131narak \u00fcretilmi\u015flerdir.<\/span><\/p>\n Adigeler taraf\u0131ndan pek korunmayan kamalara kar\u015f\u0131n, nesillerden nesillere aktar\u0131lan k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar de\u011ferli say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek \u015fu ki Adigeler kamalar ve dalk\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lara fazla vermemi\u015flerdir. Bununla birlikte hemen herkes kama ta\u015f\u0131r y\u0131pranm\u0131\u015f ya da kullan\u0131lamayacak hale gelmi\u015f olanlar\u0131 da tamir edilerek korunurdu. 19.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n yetmi\u015fli tarihlerinde bat\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flayan Da\u011f\u0131stan ustalar\u0131 -\u00e7o\u011fu da kama \u00fcretimi ile- \u00fcnl\u00fc olmu\u015flard\u0131r. M\u00fcze koleksiyonlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Adigeya\u2019da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ilgin\u00e7 birer \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak dikkat \u00e7eken bu kamalar savatl\u0131 motiflerler eski bir yap\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. 19.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131na aittirler. 20.y\u00fczy\u0131lda yap\u0131lanlar ise \u00fczerinde iri bu\u011fday taneleri ile olduk\u00e7a \u015f\u0131k ve modern bir hava ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n At\u0131\u015f silahlar\u0131<\/span><\/strong> Boynuza kiri\u015f \u00e7ekilirken, yay\u0131n gerginli\u011fi ve \u00e7ekimin m\u00fckemmelli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu i\u015flem i\u00e7 taraftan yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Hayvan kiri\u015fleri sinirler pi\u015firildikten sonra boynuza bal\u0131k tutkal\u0131 ile yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. B\u00f6ylelikle boynuzun bir ucundan di\u011ferine \u00e7ok elastik bir yay olu\u015furdu. \u0130nce bir kat a\u011fa\u00e7 yay\u0131n d\u0131\u015f taraf\u0131na konulur u\u00e7lar\u0131da kemik ve kiri\u015flerle kaplan\u0131rd\u0131. Yay\u0131n a\u011fa\u00e7 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u0131rt taraf\u0131na siyah deri yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p bunlar\u0131n \u00fczerleri de alt\u0131n yald\u0131zlarla donat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Bir ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yazd\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re 15.y\u00fczy\u0131lda gereksinim duyulan oklar\u0131n tamam\u0131 Adige evlerinde yap\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Yani bunlar\u0131n \u00fcretiminde \u00f6zel ustalara gerek yoktu. \u00dcretilen oklar\u0131n u\u00e7lar\u0131 son derece dayan\u0131kl\u0131, menzili olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n Yay ve oklar i\u00e7in k\u0131l\u0131flar\u0131 Adige kad\u0131nlar\u0131 evlerinde yaparlard\u0131. \u00c7i\u00e7ek motifleri ya da s\u0131rmalarla s\u00fcslenen k\u0131l\u0131flar k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ya da siyah sahtiyandand\u0131r. Anla\u015f\u0131labildi\u011fi kadar 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ok ve yaylar ate\u015fli silahlarla birlikte kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/span><\/span> Adigelerin imal ettikleri ok ve m\u0131zraklar Tatarlar ve Nogaylar taraf\u0131ndan ortalama y\u0131lda \u00fc\u00e7y\u00fczbin adete varan miktarlarda sat\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131yordu.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Ate\u015fli silahlar<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Kuzey kafkasya\u2019da ate\u015fli silahlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 16.y\u00fczy\u0131la uzanmaktad\u0131r. Ancak toplumun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde 18.y\u00fczy\u0131lda yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bununla birlikte ok ve yay gibi silahlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131da devam etmi\u015ftir. Ate\u015fli silahlar K\u0131r\u0131m ve Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019dan geliyor az miktarlarda ise yerel \u00fcretim yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. K\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131m\u0131 silahlar\u0131n g\u00f6vdeleri yontulmu\u015f, \u00fczerinde T\u00fcrk damgas\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bunlar 18.y\u00fczy\u0131l sonu ile 19.y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131na aittir. Dip\u00e7ikleri uzun ve ince olan silahlar terbiye edilmemi\u015f deri ile kapl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Ancak yerli t\u00fcfeklerin g\u00f6vdeleri olduk\u00e7a a\u011f\u0131r ve gerek g\u00f6vdelerinde gerekse dip\u00e7iklerinde Adige motifleri ile g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f i\u015flemeler de g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Moskova ve Leningrad m\u00fczelerinde 19.y\u00fczy\u0131la Adige tabancalar\u0131 sergilenmektedir.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Kafkasya sava\u015flar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda verimi y\u00fcksek silahlar seri halde \u00fcretilmekteydi. Bunlara T\u00fcrk stili \u00e7ekmekler eklenmekteydi. Tabanca g\u00f6vdeleri alt\u0131n varaklar ile s\u00fcslenmekte yatak b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ise siyah deri ile kaplanmaktayd\u0131. Silah kabzalar\u0131 yuvarlak kemikten, genellikle g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f i\u015flemelidir. Tamamlay\u0131c\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn gereksinimlerde savat ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f kamalarla s\u00fcsl\u00fcd\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca tamamen fildi\u015fi ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015fle i\u015flenmi\u015f \u00e7ok g\u00fczel tabanalar da segilenmektedir. Ate\u015fli silahlar i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir donan\u0131m da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u011fa\u00e7 oluklar, fi\u015faklikler(haz\u0131rlar), \u00f6l\u00e7ekler, barutluklar vs. gibi.<\/span><\/p>\n Fi\u015feklikler Adige giysilerinin (Adigekan\u0131n) g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcs b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015flerdir. Bunlar\u0131n \u00fcst b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde ulusal motiflerle s\u00fcslenmi\u015f g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015flerden olan kapaklar bulunmaktayd\u0131. Bunlar ayn\u0131 zamanda barut \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi olarak ta kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. Y\u00fcksek kaliteli barutlar \u00e7akmaklar\u0131n ate\u015fleme yerine d\u00f6k\u00fclerek ate\u015flenecek \u015fekilde ayarlan\u0131rd\u0131. Barutlar \u00f6zel olarak yap\u0131lan bartuluklarda korunurdu. Bunlar a\u011fa\u00e7tan, boynuzdan, kemikten, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ften s\u00fcslemelerle \u00fcretilmi\u015flerdi. Tabancalar i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan deri k\u0131l\u0131flar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc kad\u0131nlar taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanmakta ve alt\u0131n g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ipliklerle s\u00fcslenmekteydi. K\u0131l\u0131flar\u0131n dip k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k olup her boyda tabancaya uyacak \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmaktayd\u0131.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n At te\u00e7hizat\u0131<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Atlar\u0131n donat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli e\u015fyan\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ilgilidir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte atlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yeti\u015ftirilmesi \u00f6zellikle Kaberdeylerin \u00e7ok \u00f6nem verdikleri bir u\u011fra\u015ft\u0131.<\/span><\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span> Kaberdey atlar\u0131 Rusya\u2019dan G\u00fcrcistana, K\u0131r\u0131ma, Litvanya\u2019ya, Polonya\u2019ya sat\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin K\u0131r\u0131m pazarlar\u0131nda Kaberdey atlar\u0131n\u0131n fiyat\u0131 di\u011fer atlar\u0131n 25 kat\u0131na kadar ula\u015fabiliyordu.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Ata bu kadar \u00f6nem verilen Adigelerde at tak\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n s\u00fcslenmeside ayn\u0131 derecede \u00f6nemseniyor ve bu i\u015f \u00f6nde gelen mesleklerden biri say\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu e\u015fyalar d\u00f6rt i\u015fleme ayr\u0131larak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131l\u0131yordu: Tahta b\u00f6l\u00fcmler, sara\u00e7 i\u015fleri, demir i\u015fleri, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f i\u015fleri.<\/span><\/p>\n Sara\u00e7lar tahta b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri deri ile kaplarlar, at tak\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in gerek duyulan deri, k\u00f6sele i\u015flerini, kemer ve benzeri malzemeleri haz\u0131rlarlard\u0131. Siyah renkli ham kemerlerin \u00fcst\u00fcne g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ya da madenden yuvarlak ve yar\u0131yuvarlak s\u00fcsler yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bunlar genellikle savat ve ovmal\u0131 par\u00e7alard\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n Kafkas eyerleri di\u011ferlerine nazaran daha y\u00fcksektir. K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ya da siyah sahtiyanla kapl\u0131d\u0131rlar ve i\u00e7leri ku\u015ft\u00fcy\u00fc ile dodurulmu\u015ftur. Eyere ili\u015fkin ya da ona ba\u011fl\u0131 t\u00fcm tak\u0131lar Kafkas motifleri ile i\u015flenmi\u015f g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ya da madenden (b\u00fcy\u00fck par\u00e7alardan) olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n Yuvarlak demirden yap\u0131lan \u00fczengiler, \u00fczerinde bir i\u015fleme yoksa k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 ya da siyah boya ile boyan\u0131rlar. Kafkasya Dergisi 1991 Çeviri: Musa Ramazan Kafkas halklarının çok eski tarihlere uzanan silah yapım sanatı oldukça ünlüdür. Bu gün Devlet Tarih Müzesi koleksiyonları arasında Kuzey Kafkasya haklarına ait çok eski zamanlarda kullanılmış ok kılıfları, sivri uçlu çeşitli silahlar, tabancalar, fişekler, barutluklar, yelme (zırhlı elbise), miğfer, kolluklar, kasatura ve kamalar, kılıçlar ve zırhlar, ok, yay, mızrak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kultur-ana-sayfa","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7523","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7523"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7523\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41132,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7523\/revisions\/41132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7523"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7523"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7523"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n<\/span><\/span><\/strong>
\nAdigelerin \u00fcrettikleri savunma silahlar\u0131 karkateristik Kafkas silahlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Mi\u011fferler, yelmeler, kolluklar, eldivenler vb. Y\u00fcksek konik bi\u00e7imde yap\u0131lan demir mi\u011fferler iki par\u00e7a halinde per\u00e7inlenmi\u015ftir. Bu mi\u011fferler birka\u00e7 demir ya da g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f plaka par\u00e7a ile s\u00fcslenmi\u015ftir. Tezyinlerin hakim yap\u0131s\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fik motifler ve reimler izlenmektedir, \u00e7izilen motifler ile resimler mi\u011fferlerin Adige yap\u0131m\u0131 oldu\u011funu belli etmektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/span>\u00d6n taraf ise kancalarla iliklenmektedir. Y\u00fcksek konik mi\u011fferlerin yan\u0131s\u0131ra al\u00e7ak tipli olanlarlda vard\u0131r. Uzun ya da k\u0131sa z\u0131rhl\u0131 g\u00f6mlekler giyildikten sonra ba\u015fa tak\u0131lan y\u00fcksek ya da al\u00e7ak mi\u011fferlerin a\u011flar\u0131 uzun olup s\u0131rt\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 korumaktad\u0131r. Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n v\u00fccutlar\u0131n\u0131 korumaya y\u00f6nelik yelmeler biribirine ge\u00e7mi\u015f demir halkalardan meydana getirilmi\u015flerdir. Halkalar yanlardaki di\u011fer d\u00f6rt halkaya tak\u0131larak bir a\u011f haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmektedir. Yelmelerin iki kesiti vard\u0131r; y\u00fcr\u00fcme kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flayan alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm ile kafay\u0131 koruyan \u00fcst b\u00f6l\u00fcm. Yakalarda hem sert ve dik g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm vermesi hem de ensenin daha iyi korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ham deri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Yaka ilikleri olduk\u00e7a g\u00fczel halde g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve sava\u015f ile bezenmi\u015ftir. Bu z\u0131rhl\u0131 elbiselerin piyadeler i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131 daha uzun, s\u00fcvariler i\u00e7in yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olanlar\u0131 ise daha k\u0131sad\u0131r. Bunlarda ortalama 20 ile 25 bin adet halka vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/span>
M\u00fczelerde say\u0131lar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a kabar\u0131k Adige dalk\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131 koleksiyonu vard\u0131r. Bunlar 14-15.y\u00fczy\u0131llardan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Belore\u00e7ensk (Maykop yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bir yer) kurgan\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek yerlerde yap\u0131lan kaz\u0131larda elde edilen bu k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerinden biri, u\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n sivrili\u011fi ile s\u00fcng\u00fcye benzerlikleridir. Hi\u00e7 tahmin edilemeyecek \u015fekilde z\u0131rh halkalar\u0131n\u0131 delerek v\u00fccudu yaralayabilirler. Ayr\u0131ca m\u00fczede pek ender bulunan sivri u\u00e7lu dalk\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131 zamanlarda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f 16-17.y\u00fczy\u0131llara ait iki benzer k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir. Birbirine son derece benzer olan bu k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lardan birinde alt\u0131n varakla i\u015flenen ustas\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu iki sivri u\u00e7lu k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 Adigelerce 1687\u2019de \u00fcretilen \u00f6rneklerdir. Kabardey ustalarca yap\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n
\n
Bu t\u00fcr silahlar aras\u0131nda yeralan ok, yay, m\u0131zrak gibileri olduk\u00e7a az kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Boynuz, a\u011fa\u00e7, f\u0131r\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f kiri\u015f ve sinirler zamkla yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak \u00fcretilmi\u015flerdir.
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/span>
Kafkasyal\u0131larda mahmuz kullan\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ri olmayan ince ve esnek k\u0131rba\u00e7lar at\u0131n y\u00f6nlendirilesinde ra\u011fbet g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00dcstleri g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015flerle s\u00fcslenmi\u015f \u015feritlerle sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, u\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mlar ise deri ya da kuma\u015flardan meydana <\/span><\/span> getirilmi\u015f ve bu k\u0131rba\u00e7lar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc flamalarla s\u00fcslenmi\u015ftir. <\/span><\/span> Bunlar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131nda da kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli rolleri bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"