{"id":7532,"date":"2019-03-08T14:24:14","date_gmt":"2019-03-08T14:24:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=7532"},"modified":"2019-03-08T14:24:14","modified_gmt":"2019-03-08T14:24:14","slug":"ulusal-kulturumuze-cigir-acan-ilk-unluler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/ulusal-kulturumuze-cigir-acan-ilk-unluler\/","title":{"rendered":"ULUSAL K\u00dcLT\u00dcR\u00dcM\u00dcZE \u00c7I\u011eIR A\u00c7AN \u0130LK \u00dcNL\u00dcLER"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

KA\u011eAZEJ Bayzet<\/strong>
\nTarih Bilimleri Doktoru, Rusya Besteciler Birli\u011fi \u00dcyesi<\/span>
\n Zeko\u015fn\u0131\u011f\u2019 dergisi, 2003, say\u0131 4<\/span><\/p>\n

Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n zengin m\u00fczikal k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihi uzun y\u0131llar \u00f6ncesine uzan\u0131r. Rusyal\u0131 m\u00fczisyen ve besteciler bu konu \u00fczerinde ilgiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131rlar. Da\u011fl\u0131 halklar\u0131n m\u00fczikal k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerine ilk ilgi duyan ise 19.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc bestecilerinden Aleksandr Alyabeyev olmu\u015ftur. O, Kafkasya\u2019ya s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmi\u015f biriydi. Alyabeyev, Kafkasya\u2019dayken besteledi\u011fi romans ve \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 \u2018Kafkas \u015eark\u0131c\u0131s\u0131\u2019 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda toparlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Alyabeyev ile birlikte Rus yazar ve \u015fairler A. Bestujev-Marlinskiy, M.Lermontov, besteci M.Balakirev ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131 da Kafkasya\u2019da bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Aleksandr Alyabeyev\u2019in besteledi\u011fi \u2018Kabardey \u015fark\u0131s\u0131\u2019, \u2018\u00c7erkes\u2019 adl\u0131 \u015fark\u0131 ve romanslar\u0131n temelini da\u011fl\u0131 halklar\u0131n \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Bu \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n s\u00f6zlerini ise bestecinin karde\u015fi Vladimir yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u2018\u00c7erkes \u015fark\u0131s\u0131\u2019 adl\u0131 par\u00e7an\u0131n s\u00f6zleri M.Lermontov\u2019a aittir. M\u00fczikal enstr\u00fcmanlar i\u00e7in ilk olarak yaz\u0131lan \u2018\u00c7erkes \u00fcvert\u00fcr\u00fc\u2019 Alyabeyev\u2019in yap\u0131t\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir ba\u015fka Rus besteci Mihail Glinka Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 gezerken Adige danslar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f, da\u011fl\u0131lar\u0131n m\u00fcziklerini dinlemi\u015f, Kabardey k\u00f6ylerindeki d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnlerde bulunmu\u015ftur. \u2018Lezginka\u2019 dans\u0131n\u0131 defalarca izlemi\u015f ve \u00e7ok be\u011fenmi\u015ftir. Bu s\u0131rada yazm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u2018Ruslan ve Ludmila\u2019 isimli operas\u0131na \u2018Lezginka\u2019y\u0131 koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Rus besteci Miliy Balakirev 1862, 63, 68 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u044c\u0437 kez Kafkasya\u2019da bulundu. Besteci, yerel m\u00fczisyenlerimizle zaman ge\u00e7irmeyi \u00e7ok severdi. \u00c7erkes k\u00f6ylerinde bulundu\u011fu esnada onlar\u0131n ya\u015fam \u015fekillerini derinlemesine \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Da\u011fl\u0131lar\u0131n m\u00fcziklerini dinlemi\u015f ve danslar\u0131n\u0131 izlemi\u015ftir. Adige dans m\u00fczikleri ve \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fczerine yazd\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Kafkasya\u2019da duyduklar\u0131na ve g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerine dayanarak d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda \u00fcne sahip do\u011fu fantezisi \u2018\u0130slamiy\u2019i bestelemi\u015ftir. Besteci bu eserindeki konuyu Adige halk dans\u0131 \u0130slamiy\u2019den alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Balakirev, piyano fantezisi \u2018\u0130slamiy\u2019 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya 9 A\u011fustos 1869\u2019da Moskova\u2019da ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f, yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 13 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de Petersburg\u2019da bitirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Do\u011fu fantezisi \u2018\u0130slamiy\u2019 k\u0131sa zamanda d\u00fcnyaca tan\u0131nd\u0131, m\u00fczikal k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihinde yerini ald\u0131. Onlarca y\u0131ld\u0131r Balakirev\u2019in \u2018\u0130slamiy\u2019i d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki yar\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n programlar\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyaca tan\u0131nan bu m\u00fczikal yap\u0131t\u0131 ilk yorumlayan \u00fcnl\u00fc Rus piyanisti ve Moskova Konservatuar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurucular\u0131ndan Nikolay Rubin\u015fteyn ( 1835 – 1881 ) olmu\u015ftur. P. Yurgenson, 1870 ve 1902 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u2018\u0130slamiy\u2019i iki kez yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Macar besteci ve piyanist Ferents List konserlerinde \u2018\u0130slamiy\u2019e s\u0131k\u00e7a yer vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Aradan y\u00fczy\u0131llar ge\u00e7mesine kar\u015f\u0131n \u2018\u0130slamiy\u2019 m\u00fczikseverlerce hala unutulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00f6renlerde yine \u00e7al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Adigey halk danslar\u0131 ve \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 toplulu\u011fu \u0130slamiy de konserlerinde daima \u0130slamiy dans\u0131na yer vermektedir. Orkestra taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7al\u0131nan m\u00fczi\u011fe oyuncular e\u015flik etmekte ve yeteneklerini sergilemektedir.<\/p>\n

19.yy sonlar\u0131 ve 20.yy ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u00fcnl\u00fc Rus besteci Sergey Taneyov, Kabardey-Balkar\u2019da bulundu. 1885\u2019li y\u0131llarda Kabardey ve Balkarlar\u0131n m\u00fczikal folklorunu \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma gezilerine Moskova \u00dcniversitesi profes\u00f6rlerinden M.M.Kovalevsk ( 1851-1916 ), bilimadam\u0131, etnograf \u0130.\u0130.\u0130vanyukov ( 1844-1912 ) ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131 kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Grup, Kislovodsk yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki k\u00f6ylerde bulunmu\u015ftur. Taneyev ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 da\u011fl\u0131 halklar\u0131n dans ve oyunlar\u0131n\u0131 izlemi\u015f, \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 dinlemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

S.\u0130. Taneyev 20 \u015fark\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015f, ulusal m\u00fczik enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131 \u00fczerine bilgiler toplam\u0131\u015f, Adigelerin \u015fark\u0131 besteleme \u015fekillerini derlemi\u015ftir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda halk \u015fark\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgiler yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Profesyonel Adige m\u00fczi\u011finin temelinin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesinde klasik Rus bestecilerinin katk\u0131lar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Adige folklorunun ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p \u00f6\u011frenilmesi i\u00e7in besteci A.M.Avraamov, M.F.Gnesin, A.F.Grebnev ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Onlar\u0131n, ulusal m\u00fczik tarihi \u00fczerine yapt\u0131klar\u0131 derlemelerden, daha sonra yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda da yararlan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Leningrad Konservatuar\u0131 profes\u00f6r\u00fc Mihail Gnesin 1932 y\u0131l\u0131nda folklor ara\u015ft\u0131rma grubu ile birlikte Adigey\u2019de Afipsip k\u00f6y\u00fcnde bulunmu\u015ftur. Derledi\u011fi folklor \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden yararlanarak \u2018Adigey\u2019 adl\u0131 seksteti, \u2018\u00c7erkeslerin \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 ve danslar\u0131\u2019 isimli s\u00fciti, piyano izin \u2018Camirze\u2019 isimli fanteziyi ve ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131 bestelemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Mihail Gnesin\u2019in \u2018\u00c7erkes \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131\u2019 adl\u0131 makalesi \u2018Halk Sanat\u0131\u2019 dergisinde ( y\u0131l 1937, say\u0131 12) yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Makalenin konusu halk \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ulusal m\u00fczik enstr\u00fcmanlar\u0131 ile \u00e7al\u0131n\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00fczerinedir.<\/p>\n

Besteci, Adige m\u00fczik sanat\u0131n\u0131n, ya\u015fam\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlar\u0131na uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda belirtir. Ulusun m\u00fczikal folklorunun zengin oldu\u011funu, eski zamanlarda halk\u0131n besteledi\u011fi kimi \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n zamanla kayboldu\u011funu, \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n sanatsal de\u011ferlerinde olumlu de\u011fi\u015fimler kaydedildi\u011fini dile getirir.<\/p>\n

Rus k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve sanat adamlar\u0131n\u0131n Adige m\u00fczikal folkloruna verdikleri \u00f6nem, tarih sayfalar\u0131ndan kaybolmayacakt\u0131r. Onlar, yazd\u0131klar\u0131 yap\u0131tlarda Adige \u015fark\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n katetti\u011fi tarihi yolu g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir. Da\u011fl\u0131 halklar\u0131n m\u00fczikal k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerine ilk ilgi duyanlar, m\u00fczikal k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn Rus ve ba\u015fka halklarca tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayanlar, sanat yoluyla halklar aras\u0131 yak\u0131nla\u015fman\u0131n ilk \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7anlar onlar olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

KAĞAZEJ Bayzet Tarih Bilimleri Doktoru, Rusya Besteciler Birliği Üyesi Zekoşnığ’ dergisi, 2003, sayı 4 Kuzey Kafkasya halklarının zengin müzikal kültür tarihi uzun yıllar öncesine uzanır. Rusyalı müzisyen ve besteciler bu konu üzerinde ilgiyle çalışmaktadırlar. Dağlı halkların müzikal kültürlerine ilk ilgi duyan ise 19.yüzyılın ünlü bestecilerinden Aleksandr Alyabeyev olmuştur. O, Kafkasya’ya sürgün edilmiş biriydi. Alyabeyev, Kafkasya’dayken […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kultur-ana-sayfa","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7532","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7532"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7532\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7534,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7532\/revisions\/7534"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7532"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7532"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7532"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}