{"id":7571,"date":"2019-03-08T14:51:14","date_gmt":"2019-03-08T14:51:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=7571"},"modified":"2019-03-08T14:51:14","modified_gmt":"2019-03-08T14:51:14","slug":"adige-aile-damgalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/adige-aile-damgalari\/","title":{"rendered":"AD\u0130GE A\u0130LE DAMGALARI"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Prof. P\u015eIBIY Inal<\/span><\/b>
\n\u00c7eviri: BABUG Erg\u00fcn Y\u0131ld\u0131z
\nKara\u00e7aevsk 1996<\/p>\n

Adige aile damgalar\u0131n\u0131n (\u00e7o\u011funlukla Kaberdey) toparlanmas\u0131 ve tespit edilmesi tamamlanm\u0131\u015f, bas\u0131m a\u015famas\u0131na getirilmi\u015f ve t\u00fcm haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Damgalar ile ilgili dergilerde gazetelerde bir\u00e7ok kez yaz\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7izilmi\u015f bu konuda pek \u00e7ok kitap yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rnek olarak L. Pavlov’un “Tarihsel ve Etnografik A\u00e7\u0131dan Kafkas Damgalar\u0131”, Kuekue J. ve Kuekue L.\u2019nin, “Kabardey-\u00c7erkes Aileleri”, Yehut\u0131en\u0131dj H.\u2019nin “Kuzey Kafkas Damgalar\u0131”, Besleney V.\u2019in “K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kabarda” g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n

Bunlar ve benzeri daha pek \u00e7ok kitap yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f, pek \u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak bu s\u00f6z etti\u011fimiz kitap ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n ortak \u00f6zelli\u011fi yaln\u0131z bir tek gurubu ya da bir tek kabileyi de\u011fil b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc kapsayan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n sahibi olmalar\u0131d\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Kafkas\u2019ta ya\u015fayan b\u00fct\u00fcn halklar\u0131n damgalar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p bunlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak ortaya koyuyor olmalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin Kuekue Baba K\u0131z’\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131nda Abaza, Abhaz, Adigey, Kabardey, Asetin, Wub\u0131h, Balkar, Kara\u00e7ay damgalar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan 1390 adet damga bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Konunun uzmanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda 9 tanesi Ps\u0131j; T\u0131j, \u015e\u0131kue, Dumen, Astem\u0131r, \u0130z\u0131h, \u00c7elimet, \u015een\u0131be, Kandrokue, \u00c7\u0131kusey ve \u00c7erkes; Kuban damgalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

YEHUTENIDJ Hasan’\u0131n kitab\u0131nda ise A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Kafkas halklar\u0131ndan 11 tanesinin damgalar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yoruz. Bunlar\u0131n detay bilgilerini g\u00f6rebiliyorsunuz. Ancak ayn\u0131 kitapta s\u00f6z edilen 70 aile damgas\u0131 ile bu ailelerin bilinen damgalar\u0131 hi\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fmemektedir. Varolan ile kitapta s\u00f6z edilenlerin birbirine yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dahi s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fil. Bu kitab\u0131n bir ba\u015fka eksikli\u011fi ise s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen damgalar\u0131n hangi b\u00f6lge, hangi kabile, hangi k\u00f6ye ait oldu\u011fu gibi pek \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 bilgiden yoksun olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Burada (Astej, Anzor, Bet\u0131\u011fuen, L|\u0131mahu, Unej, \u015e\u0131kue vb.) bir k\u0131s\u0131m ailenin yerle\u015fik oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeyi ve detay bilgileri biz \u00e7\u0131kartabiliyor olsak da kitapta ge\u00e7en damgalar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle bir \u015fans s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Burada hi\u00e7 ummad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, beklemedi\u011fimiz bir durum ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. San\u0131yorum de\u011fi\u015fik zamanlarda m\u00fch\u00fcr bi\u00e7imine getirilerek kaydedilen bu damgalardan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n birbirine benzemedi\u011fi ya da aralar\u0131nda ayr\u0131mlar oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin; Ye\u015f|er, Bem\u0131rze, Pkh\u0131e\u015f, Unej|, Ku\u015fh\u0131e aile damgalar\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steren damgalar aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Profes\u00f6r Aleksandr Muskayev’in derleyip ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 damgalar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu Kabardey-Balkar aile damgalar\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar 300 civar\u0131nda olup 237’si Adigelere, 62’si Balkarlara aittir, 1 tanesi ise \u00c7erkes aile damgas\u0131d\u0131r. Onun kitab\u0131nda belirtti\u011fi damgalardan yaln\u0131z bir tanesi Khumere k\u00f6y\u00fcnden D\u0131\u011fujlerin aile damgas\u0131 ile bizdeki bilinen damga aras\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131k vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Muskayev bu damgalar\u0131n toparlan\u0131p derlenmesi konusu ile daha sonralar\u0131 ilgilenmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 O\u015fhamahue dergisinde s\u00fcrekli yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kabardey’i ve Jilahsteney ile an\u0131lan b\u00f6lgeyi, yerle\u015fimleri, o b\u00f6lgedeki k\u00f6yleri, o k\u00f6ylerde ya\u015fayan aileleri ele al\u0131p incelerken Adige damgalar\u0131 konusuna da gereken \u00f6zeni g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu konuda Besleney Vladimir’in ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131ndan da yararlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Besleney Vladimir, yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Malaya Kabarda (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Kabardey) adl\u0131 kitapta Terek’in di\u011fer yakas\u0131ndaki 269 Adige aile damgas\u0131na da yer vermektedir. Bizi bu damgalar ile ilgili detayl\u0131 olarak bilgilendirmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkes, Adige aile damgalar\u0131 konusunu ilk kez ele al\u0131p ara\u015ft\u0131ran HEKUN Baresbiy’dir. HEKUN Baresbiy\u2019in as\u0131l mesle\u011fi ziraat m\u00fchendisli\u011fi olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n Adige damgalar\u0131 konusuna \u00f6zel bir ilgi g\u00f6stermi\u015f ve \u00f6zel bir \u00e7aba harcam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/p>\n

Bu konu ilk kez 6 May\u0131s 1989\u2019da \u201cLenin I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d gazetesinde Baresbiy’in “Adige At Damgalar\u0131” isimli yaz\u0131s\u0131 ile g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015ftir. Bu yaz\u0131 pek \u00e7ok y\u00f6nden ilgin\u00e7 ve \u00f6nemli bilgiler i\u00e7ermektedir. Adige at t\u00fcrleri , bu t\u00fcrlerin isimleri ve bu t\u00fcrlere \u00f6zel kullan\u0131lan damgalardan (42 t\u00fcr damga) ilk kez bu yaz\u0131da s\u00f6z edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Eskiler \u00f6zellikle atlara vurulan damgay\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemserler ve \u00fczerinde damga olan ata k\u00f6peklerin yakla\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131rlar, at\u0131n dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fczerindeki damga ile \u00f6l\u00e7erlerdi. E\u011fer bir at yerinden k\u0131m\u0131ldamadan \u00fczerine damga vurulmas\u0131na katlanam\u0131yor ve huysuzlan\u0131p ka\u00e7ma\u011fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa onun cins at olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131rlard\u0131. Atlar\u0131n damgalanmas\u0131 da belirli kuralla ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Adigeler bu konuyu \u00e7ok \u00f6nemser adeta bir t\u00f6ren havas\u0131nda yaparlard\u0131 bu i\u015fi. \u00d6rne\u011fin p\u015f\u0131lerin (prenslerin) atlar\u0131nda damga at\u0131n sol sa\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcne, werklerin (soylular\u0131n) atlar\u0131nda ise at\u0131n sa\u011f terkisine (sa\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na) vurulurdu. (Kaynak: GUKIEMIHIU \u0130brahim, Adige At\u0131 ile Adige Erke\u011fi, O\u015fhamahue Dergisi no: 4 -1995)<\/p>\n

Gazeteci DAUR Jehfar’\u0131n (\u00c7erkes Heku 1993) “Damgalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 Yeniden \u00d6\u011frenin” adl\u0131 yaz\u0131s\u0131nda Adige aile damgalar\u0131ndan 116 tanesini yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yine burada da damgalardan bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n hangi aileye, b\u00f6lgeye, kabileye ait oldu\u011fu belirtilmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in okuyan insanlarda ku\u015fku uyand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Ancak burada bir de do\u011fru de\u011ferlendirme vard\u0131r ki, (\u011euk|\u0131e, Jambe\u00e7, Hekun, \u015e\u0131kue vb.) baz\u0131 aileler zamanla ayr\u0131l\u0131p ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelere yerle\u015fmi\u015f olmalar\u0131 nedeni ile zaman zaman farkl\u0131 damgalar kullanmaktad\u0131rlar ki burada bunlar tespit edilmi\u015f ve belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Adige damgalar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,tarihsel k\u00f6keni, yap\u0131sal farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 gibi konular\u0131 ilk kez ele alan profes\u00f6r Vladimir Pojidaev’dir. 1948 de Nal\u00e7ik\u2019te bas\u0131lan kitab\u0131nda \u201cKabardey \u00c7erkes damgalar\u0131 ve Kafkas Sanat\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda bu konuyu detaylar\u0131 ile ele almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Damga s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc dilimize T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019den girmi\u015ftir. Bu s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn dilimizde tam kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 “yakarak i\u015faretlemek” \u015feklinde a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. Adige damgalar\u0131 ku\u015fkusuz birer resim de\u011fildir. Ancak yine de bize ailelerin anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131, bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, ne i\u015f ile ilgili oldu\u011fu gibi pek \u00e7ok ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 vermektedir.<\/p>\n

Damgalar ilk ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze pek \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fim g\u00f6stererek gelmi\u015ftir. \u0130lk ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan damgalar daha kaba i\u015f\u00e7ilikli ve daha zor i\u015faretler olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n zamanla geli\u015ferek g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f nerede ise bir sanat haline gelmi\u015ftir. Adige kilimlerinde, kad\u0131n giysilerinde, \u00e7e\u015fitli mutfak e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerlerinde, atlar\u0131n ko\u015fumlar\u0131nda gemlerinde, \u00fczengilerinde ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n alt\u0131n g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f gibi s\u00fcs e\u015fyalar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok g\u00fczel damgalar ve bunlara ait motifler g\u00f6rebilirsiniz<\/p>\n

Pek \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik k\u00fclt\u00fcrde pek \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik halk\u0131n damgalara bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ve de\u011ferlendirme bi\u00e7imleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 birbirinin ayn\u0131d\u0131r ya da \u00e7ok benze\u015fmektedir. Pojidaev’in anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re Adigeler ile Asetinler be\u015f k\u00f6\u015feli y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman i\u015fareti ve damgas\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcrlermi\u015f ve \u015fapkalar\u0131na bu y\u0131ld\u0131z motifini i\u015flerlermi\u015f.<\/p>\n

Ancak bizim derledi\u011fimiz 595 damga ve motifin aras\u0131nda bu s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen bi\u00e7imde bir damgayla ya da motifle hi\u00e7 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 belirtmeliyim.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n damgalar ve motifler ile o halk\u0131n tarihi aras\u0131nda yak\u0131n ili\u015fki oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlamalar\u0131ndan bu yana \u00e7ok zaman ge\u00e7ti. \u00dcstelik Slavlar\u0131n, M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131lar\u0131n, \u00c7inlilerin kulland\u0131klar\u0131 bu t\u00fcr motiflerin s\u00f6zl\u00fc yaz\u0131n\u0131n bir anlat\u0131m bi\u00e7imi oldu\u011fu art\u0131k kesin bi\u00e7imde ispat edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Filoloji profes\u00f6r\u00fc Ur\u0131s Hetali, bu verilerden yola \u00e7\u0131karak; “kulland\u0131klar\u0131 damgalar motifler o halklar\u0131n atalar\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilerine de\u011fin ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 vermektedir ve b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r ki, Adigelerin atalar\u0131 yaz\u0131n gelene\u011fi olan bir halkt\u0131, damga ve motiflerimiz tarihte geriye do\u011fru gitti\u011fimizde bizi mutlaka bu noktaya \u00e7\u0131kartacak ” sav\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Adigelere ili\u015fkin aile damgalar\u0131ndan bizim bu g\u00fcne kadar toparlad\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 595’i bulmaktad\u0131r. Bu damgalar\u0131 bize yazd\u0131ranlar\u0131n isimleri, aile isimleri b\u00f6lgeleri ve benzer t\u00fcm detaylar\u0131 altlar\u0131na kaydedilmi\u015f olarak derlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z b\u00f6lgelerde pek \u00e7ok halktan pek \u00e7ok aile bu g\u00fcn damgalar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlamamaktad\u0131r ve bu konuda hi\u00e7 bir bilgi sahibi de\u011filler. \u00d6rnegin; Mayl , H\u0131ebez, T\u0131j, Jakue, Heredure, Pseuk\u0131e-Dah\u0131e, Abazakt, Ksal, Bev, Be\u00e7\u0131r, Raste, Zeyiku\u0131e gibi daha saymad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z pek \u00e7ok aile ad\u0131 var ancak damgalar\u0131 bulunamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu derleme i\u015finin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerde tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 t\u00fcm aileleri \u015fimdilik burada s\u0131ralam\u0131yoruz. Bu arada \u015funu da belirtmek gerekir ki, ayn\u0131 aile ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131malar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n hi\u00e7 bir kan ba\u011f\u0131 olmayan ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla farkl\u0131 damgalar kullanan pek \u00e7ok aile vard\u0131r. Buna en iyi \u00f6rnek Karden aile ad\u0131d\u0131r. Jak|ue, Besleney, Malo Zelen\u00e7uk, Ersako, Pseuk\u0131e-Dah\u0131e, Novo Humere k\u00f6ylerinde ya\u015fayan Karden ailelerinin damgalar\u0131 hepsi birbirinden farkl\u0131 ve \u00e7ok z\u0131t i\u015faretlerden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bir ba\u015fka durum ise aralar\u0131nda akrabal\u0131k ba\u011f\u0131 bulunan ancak farkl\u0131 damgalar kullanan ailelerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Adigelerin aras\u0131nda en fazla farkl\u0131 damga kullanan ailelerden birka\u00e7\u0131 ise Besleney boyundan Balkarlar, \u011euk\u0131eler, Khun\u0131j|ler, g\u00f6sterilebilir. Bu \u015fekilde iki \u00fc\u00e7 damga kullanan ailelerin say\u0131s\u0131 olduk\u00e7a fazlad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkes aile damgalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda benzerlikler g\u00f6steren ve sonrada as\u0131l aile damgas\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaya ba\u015flayan aileler de vard\u0131r. Bunlara \u00f6rnek olarak; Temirda\u015f aile ismi (Adige h|\u0131able), \u015e\u0131bz\u0131hu\u0131e (Besleney), Adige \u015eaue (Vak\u0131ue J\u0131le), Besleney (Khumere) , Kur\u015fe (Aliy Berd\u0131ku\u0131e), Dumen\u0131\u015f (Ku\u0131e\u015f H\u0131able) say\u0131labilir. Bu \u015fekilde de pek \u00e7ok aile vard\u0131r. Benzer aile adlar\u0131; bana g\u00f6re, bir ailenin bir zamanlar di\u011ferinin y\u00f6netiminde oldu\u011funa ya da bir zamanlar birlikte olduklar\u0131 halde sonradan yollar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret ediyor olmal\u0131d\u0131r (\u00f6rne\u011fin Mole ve Sekiy aileleri gibi-Zeyiku\u0131e Kuaj\u0131e).<\/p>\n

TEUBI\u00c7E Fatih’ten \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fimize g\u00f6re, \u0130nd\u0131j’deki \u00fc\u00e7 aile (Tob\u0131\u00e7e, Beslen, H\u0131akun) tek bir damgay\u0131 birlikte kullanagelmi\u015flerdir. Tarih bilimleri uzman\u0131 KALMIK \u0130brahim’in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re soyluluk ve k\u00f6lelik kurumu ortadan kalkmadan \u00f6nce yaln\u0131z \u00f6zg\u00fcr ailelerin ve soylu ailelerin damgalar\u0131 vard\u0131 ve yeni ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ailelere ve s\u00fclalelere damga soylular taraf\u0131ndan verilirdi.<\/p>\n

MISROKUE Sultan, Lenin I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 gazetesinde (1989) ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f bir olaydan s\u00f6z eder ve K\u0131eseyhable k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn geriye kalanlar\u0131 ve k\u00f6y\u00fc yeniden varedenleri olarak bilinen bir ailenin M\u0131sostey damgas\u0131 kulland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yine KALMIK \u0130brahim\u2019in ayn\u0131 kitab\u0131nda bu g\u00fcne dek yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar soyluluk kurumu kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p k\u00f6lelik la\u011fvedildikten sonra ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan Adige aileleri ve damgalar\u0131n\u0131n hangileri oldu\u011fu bu g\u00fcne kadar netle\u015ftirilebilmi\u015f de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7erkes aile damgalar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde \u00e7ok g\u00fczel ve \u00e7ok m\u00fckemmel motifler oldu\u011fu gibi bazen ilk bak\u0131\u015fta kavranamayan karma\u015f\u0131k motifler de vard\u0131r. Her ne bi\u00e7imde olursa olsun bu damgalar ve motifler o ailelerin ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bizim k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Belki de bu damgalar bizi yaz\u0131l\u0131 tarihimizin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131racak bir ipucudur.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prof. PŞIBIY Inal Çeviri: BABUG Ergün Yıldız Karaçaevsk 1996 Adige aile damgalarının (çoğunlukla Kaberdey) toparlanması ve tespit edilmesi tamamlanmış, basım aşamasına getirilmiş ve tüm hazırlıkları tamamlanmıştır. Damgalar ile ilgili dergilerde gazetelerde birçok kez yazılıp çizilmiş bu konuda pek çok kitap yayınlanmıştır. Örnek olarak L. Pavlov’un “Tarihsel ve Etnografik Açıdan Kafkas Damgaları”, Kuekue J. ve Kuekue 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