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\u0130smail Berkok<\/strong> Bu noktaya de\u011fin, Kafkas toplumunun tipik\/kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00f6zellikleri ve bu \u00f6zellikler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, toplumsal ili\u015fkilerde zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7an \u00f6\u011feler \u00fczerinde durmu\u015ftuk. Bu arada, sak\u0131ncal\u0131 ve zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7an \u00f6zelliklerin, geleneksel yoldan\/gelene\u011fin yard\u0131m\u0131yla giderilmekte oldu\u011funa da de\u011finmi\u015ftik. \u015eimdi gelenek ve g\u00f6renekler \u00fczerine baz\u0131 bilgiler sunmak istiyorum. <\/p>\n <\/strong> Kafkas adetleri\/gelenekleri: Kafkas adetleri\/gelenekleri, bilindik\/s\u0131radan adetler olarak alg\u0131lanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu adetler, idari, politik, sosyal ve ahlaki de\u011ferleri\/y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri kapsam\u0131na alan, ancak yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olan yasalar b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc olarak anla\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle de \u201cToplumsal Yasalar\u201d deyimini bilerek kullan\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n Bilindi\u011fi gibi, bir yasan\u0131n ideal\/en geli\u015fmi\u015f bi\u00e7imi, ulusal iradenin\/istencin arac\u0131 olan\u0131d\u0131r. Ulusal karakteri temsil eden, ulusal istenci yans\u0131tan, vicdanlar\u0131 tatmin edecek ve dile getirecek olan biricik kurum, o toplumun gelenekleridir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc gelenek toplumun ulusal benli\u011fi\/ki\u015fili\u011fi ve varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7inden do\u011farlar. Bu nedenle gelenekleri, fertlerin ve toplumlar\u0131n i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fc bi\u00e7iminde yerine getirdikleri ve uyduklar\u0131 zorunlu ve do\u011fal yasalar olarak de\u011ferlendirmek gerekir.<\/p>\n Bu durumda gelenekler, uygulamaya konmu\u015f ulusal karakterler\u00a0 ve \u00f6zellikler olarak de\u011ferlendirilmelidirler. Kafkas geleneklerinden s\u00f6zetmekle de Kafkasl\u0131lar\u0131n -\u00c7erkeslerin- toplumsal \u00f6zelli\u011fini ve karakterini dile getirmi\u015f oluruz.<\/p>\n Kafkas toplumsal yasalar\u0131, yani gelenekler, hi\u00e7bir zaman kat\u0131 (rigid) bir tutuculuk bi\u00e7iminde \u0131srarc\u0131\/diretici olmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Toplumsal \u00f6z\u00fc ve yap\u0131y\u0131 korumak ko\u015fuluyla, gelenekler s\u00fcrekli olarak esnekli\u011fi ve o nitelikteki anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131 benimsenmi\u015f ve uygulamaya koymu\u015flard\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece Kafkas gelenekleri zaman zaman de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f, geni\u015fletilmi\u015f ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f olup, g\u00fcn\u00fcn ko\u015fullar\u0131na uygun olarak yeniden d\u00fczenlenerek ya\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00d6rne\u011fin Bat\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019da -Kabardey b\u00f6lgesinde- yeti\u015fmi\u015f olan Jeba\u011f\u0131 <\/strong>adl\u0131 dahi bir yasa koyucu\/m\u00fcte\u015ferri ve toplumbilimci taraf\u0131ndan baz\u0131 ulusal yasalar ve gelenekler uygulamaya konmu\u015ftur. Baz\u0131 konularda Jeba\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Grek yasa koyucu Solon <\/strong>ve Eski Sparta yasa koyucusu Lykurgos<\/strong>\u2019a (Likurg) oranla, daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve daha etkili yasalar koyan biri oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Jeba\u011f\u0131\u2019y\u0131 incelemi\u015f olan baz\u0131 yabanc\u0131 biliminsanlar\u0131, onu Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n Solon\u2019u<\/strong> olarak tan\u0131tmak istemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Jeba\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n koydu\u011fu toplumsal ve etik kurallardan\/ilkelerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:- Toplumun i\u00e7inde soylu bir katman\/bir \u00fcst \u00f6\u011fe vard\u0131r ve olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n – Mert\/yi\u011fit olan her bir birey, soylu say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n – Soylu olan biri i\u00e7in mal ve m\u00fclk\/servet ve ziynet\/s\u00fcs e\u015fyas\u0131, ay\u0131pt\u0131r.<\/p>\n – Gurur ve kibirlilik\/azamet bir soyluluk belirtisi olamaz.<\/p>\n – Soyluluk\/asalet, iyi ahlakl\u0131l\u0131k, yani faziletli olmak demektir. – Sava\u015fta k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131, k\u00fcrs\u00fcde de yerinde konu\u015fmas\u0131\/dili ile \u00f6nde olan ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n – Soyluluk, salt kandan gelmez, yani kal\u0131tsal\/genetik de\u011fildir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k, \u00a0iyi ahlakl\u0131l\u0131k, zeka ve yetenek bir ki\u015fiyi ya da bir aileyi soylu yapabilir.<\/p>\n – Gelenek uygun\/ak\u0131lc\u0131 oland\u0131r.<\/p>\n Jeba\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcrken \u015fu vasiyette bulunmu\u015ftu: \u201cBa\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n onur ve namusu konusunda sayg\u0131l\u0131 ve duyarl\u0131\u00a0 olunuz, iki y\u00fczl\u00fc ve \u00e7ifte standartl\u0131 olmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n\u201d. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131 toplum yap\u0131s\u0131nda ahlak ve faziletin geli\u015fmesini ve dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirecek etkenler olarak de\u011ferlendirmek gerekir.<\/p>\n Kafkas gelenekleri incelendi\u011finde, bu gelenekler yoluyla g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ahlak kurallar\u0131 konmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu kurallar\u0131n korunmalar\u0131 ve zedelenmemeleri i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7aba ve \u00f6zverilerde bulunuldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir.<\/p>\n Sevgi, y\u00fcce g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck, yi\u011fitlik ve iyilik\/yard\u0131mseverlik gibi konularda titiz ve c\u00f6mert olmak, yard\u0131m ve yard\u0131mla\u015fma\/payla\u015f\u0131m, yurtseverlik, d\u00fcnya mal\u0131na kap\u0131lmamak\/egoist duygulardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak, onuru ve namusu ya\u015fam\u0131n temeli olarak alg\u0131lamak, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve disiplin, kibarl\u0131k ve temizlik gibi \u00f6zelliklere sahip olmak ve bunlar\u0131 ya\u015fama ge\u00e7irmek, her bir Kafkasl\u0131 Ahlak\/etik, asl\u0131nda soyut bir kavramd\u0131r. Ancak bireyde ve toplumda bir nitelik kazanarak\u00a0 ve karaktere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek bir uygulama alan\u0131 bulmu\u015f oluyor.<\/p>\n A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki anlat\u0131 ve olaylar Kafkasl\u0131lar\u0131n ahlak anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve karakterlerini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koyuyorlar.<\/p>\n Yabanc\u0131 bir g\u00f6zlemci Kafkasl\u0131lar\u0131n dostlu\u011fa verdikleri \u00f6nem ve de\u011feri\u00a0 \u015f\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n \u201cBurada (yani Kafkasya<\/strong>\u2019da) dostluktan ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir \u015feye \u00f6nem verilmez. Bir \u00e7evreye girmenin bir ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 olarak alg\u0131layabilece\u011fimiz dostluk u\u011fruna her \u015fey feda edilir\u201d. \u201cBu dostlu\u011fun \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan\/\u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden biri de, \u00a0bizde (Avrupa<\/strong>\u2019da) oldu\u011fu gibi, bir talihsizlik ya da ileriyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnememe\/ihtiyats\u0131zl\u0131k sonucu mal\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f\/iflas etmi\u015f birinin, \u00a0\u00f6m\u00fcr boyu sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve onurunu\u00a0 yitirmesi, de\u011fersiz\/zelil ve yoksul\/sefil biri durumuna d\u00fc\u015fmesi gibi durumlar\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilmesidir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n \u2013Avrupa\u2019da-yokluk durumunda s\u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fckleri, uygar \u00fclkelerde s\u0131k s\u0131k\u00a0 g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015feylerdendir ve bu durum, asl\u0131nda\u00a0 bir toplumsal leke olarak da alg\u0131lanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Burada (Kafkasya<\/strong>\u2019da) sava\u015f y\u00fcz\u00fcnden t\u00fcm varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015f bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi ile, \u00f6zellikle Anapal\u0131lar ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131m. Kendilerinde bir yokluk ve yoksulluk belirtisi g\u00f6rmedim. Kendilerine kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan kar\u015f\u0131lama ve davran\u0131\u015flarda da bir eksiklik\/bir kusur\u00a0 bulundu\u011funa tan\u0131k da olmad\u0131m. \u0130\u015fte \u00c7erkeslerin y\u00fcce g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ili\u015fkin g\u00fczel bir \u00f6rnek!\u201d. <\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ayn\u0131 yabanc\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n\/kitab\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 ba\u015fka bir yerinde\u00a0 \u015funlar\u0131 da yaz\u0131yor:<\/p>\n \u201cBu \u00fclkeyi gezecek tarafs\u0131z ve insafl\u0131 olan herkes g\u00f6recek ve itiraf<\/em>\u00a0 edecektir ki, \u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n ormanlar\u0131nda ve vadilerinde bar\u0131nan \u00c7erkesler aras\u0131ndaki birliktelik, uygar toplumlar\u0131 ve kentleri birbirine ba\u011flayan ba\u011flardan \u00e7ok daha i\u00e7ten \u00f6zellikte olup, genele ve y\u00fcce g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe dayal\u0131d\u0131r, bundan eminim. Bu \u00fclkede ge\u00e7erli olan basit\/ sade ya\u015fam s\u00fcreci i\u00e7inde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z karde\u015flik duygular\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z\/engin\u00a0 boyutlara ula\u015f\u0131yor. B\u00fct\u00fcn bir y\u00f6renin kat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tek bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ya da tek bir cenaze olsun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez\u201d. <\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u201cY\u00fcce g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck sadece kendi aralar\u0131nda de\u011fil, dost d\u00fc\u015fman b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00a0 insanlar i\u00e7in\u00a0 ge\u00e7erli olan bir \u015feydir. \u00c7erkeslerin konukseverlik ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar\u0131 koruma gelene\u011fi, her bir ki\u015finin g\u00f6nl\u00fcnde\u00a0 o denli yer etmi\u015ftir ki, bu de\u011ferler, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncenin, dahas\u0131 yurtseverlik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin bile \u00fczerinde tutulan de\u011ferlerdir\u201d. <\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n 1918 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kuban y\u00f6resinde (-bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Adigey<\/strong>\u2019de-) bu yabanc\u0131 g\u00f6zlemcinin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini do\u011frulayan bir olay ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Bol\u015fevik devrimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir Grand\u00fck (\u00c7ar\/\u0130mparator ailesinden biri) Kuban\u2019daki bir Adige k\u00f6y\u00fcne s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131r. Grand\u00fck\u2019\u00fc izleyen a\u011f\u0131r silahl\u0131 bir Bol\u015fevik birli\u011fi k\u00f6y\u00fc ku\u015fat\u0131r ve Grand\u00fck\u2019\u00fcn teslim edilmesini ister, edilmemesi halinde de, \u00a0k\u00f6y\u00fcn ve k\u00f6y halk\u0131n\u0131n yok edilece\u011fi\u00a0 tehdidinde bulunur. Ancak k\u00f6y, Grand\u00fck\u2019\u00fc teslim etmeme ve direnme\u00a0 karar\u0131 al\u0131r. Durumu\u00a0 \u00f6\u011frenen Grand\u00fck, k\u00f6y\u00fcn kendisi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bir felaketle ba\u015f ba\u015fa kalmamas\u0131\u00a0 i\u00e7in, Bol\u015feviklere teslim edilmesini ister ama k\u00f6yl\u00fcden de \u015fu yan\u0131t\u0131 al\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u201cSizi Bol\u015feviklere teslim edip onursuzca ya\u015fayacak\u00a0 olursak, gelecekteki \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131za silinmez bir kara leke b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f oluruz. B\u00fct\u00fcn bir\u00a0 Kafkasya bize lanet okur, \u00a0y\u00fcz\u00fcm\u00fcze t\u00fck\u00fcrmeye hak kazanm\u0131\u015f olurlar. Sonu\u00e7 olarak sizi teslim edemeyiz ve bu u\u011furda her \u015feye katlanmay\u0131 kesinlikle\u00a0 g\u00f6ze al\u0131yoruz\u201d. <\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n K\u00f6y Bol\u015fevik \u00fcltimatomunu geri \u00e7evirdi ve direni\u015fe ge\u00e7ti. Bunu g\u00f6ren Bol\u015fevikler\u00a0 de, \u201cBir Adige on Rus\u2019a bedeldir\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle olmal\u0131, k\u00f6ye sald\u0131rmay\u0131 g\u00f6ze alamad\u0131lar ve\u00a0 geri \u00e7ekildiler. Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015fka y\u00f6relerinde de buna benzer olaylar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki olaylar Kafkas yi\u011fitli\u011finin ne t\u00fcrden bir \u015fey oldu\u011funu, iyili\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilen duyarl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 g\u00f6sterir:<\/p>\n Terek Irma\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6resinde yap\u0131lan bir sava\u015fta Ko\u015fruko Martin<\/strong> adl\u0131 biri yaralanm\u0131\u015f ve bir a\u011fac\u0131nda dibinde, g\u00fcnlerce yaral\u0131 olarak yatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Sonunda bir Kazak yaral\u0131y\u0131 bulur ve\u00a0 evine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr, yaral\u0131y\u0131 iyile\u015ftirip evine yollar. Kazak\u2019\u0131n bu y\u00fcce g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fclkede o denli b\u00fcy\u00fck bir minnettarl\u0131k duygusu ve heyecan yaratm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131 ki, minnettarl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek \u00fczere Kazak\u2019a, arma\u011fan olarak, \u00a0s\u00fcr\u00fclerle hayvan ve arabalar dolusu e\u015fya\/mal g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck\u00a0 olay Rusya i\u00e7lerine de\u011fin yay\u0131l\u0131r, haber sonunda\u00a0 \u00c7ar\u2019a da ula\u015f\u0131r. \u00c7ar, hediyeleri g\u00f6rmek ister, g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcp g\u00f6sterirler. G\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu hediyeler\u00a0 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u015fa\u015f\u0131ran v duygulanan \u00c7ar, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bir jest\u00a0 olarak Kafkas ulusal giysileri ile ku\u015fanm\u0131\u015f bir maiyet\/muhaf\u0131z k\u0131tas\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n Kafkasl\u0131lar ile Ruslar aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir sava\u015fta kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 tutsaklar al\u0131n\u0131r. Rus taraf\u0131ndaki tutsaklardan bir \u00c7e\u00e7en, kendisine \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn izin verilmesini ister ve izni al\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00dc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra, Ruslar bir\u00e7ok atl\u0131n\u0131n kendilerine do\u011fru gelmekte oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcrler, bunlar\u0131n \u00c7e\u00e7en\u2019e verilen \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn izin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u00a0 Rus tutsaklar\u0131 oldu\u011funu anlarlar. Ruslar da kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak, izin alm\u0131\u015f olan o \u00c7e\u00e7en\u2019i serbest b\u0131rak\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n \u00c7e\u00e7enler bir Rus kalesini ku\u015fatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Ruslar bir s\u00fcre sonra a\u00e7 kald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve kad\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131n\u0131 bildirirler. \u00c7e\u00e7enler a\u00e7 kalm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filerle \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 yi\u011fitli\u011fe s\u0131\u011fd\u0131ramazlar, Ruslara yeteri kadar yiyecek ve hayvan\u00a0 g\u00f6nderirler. D\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gidermesinde sonra\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 sava\u015fa yeniden ba\u015flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bir zamanlar Kuban y\u00f6resini y\u00f6netmekte olan B\u00fcy\u00fck Kazbek<\/strong>\u2019in ve onun ad\u0131na Kafkasl\u0131lar\u0131n insanl\u0131k ve yi\u011fitlik anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcceli\u011fini \u015fu \u00f6rnek anlat\u0131mlardan da \u00f6\u011frenebiliriz:<\/p>\n Kafkas ke\u015fif kollar\u0131 iki Rus m\u00fcfrezesi ile \u00e7arp\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. \u0130ki m\u00fcfrezeden biri direnmeden teslim olur, ikincisi sonuna de\u011fin direndikten sonra\u00a0 esir al\u0131n\u0131r. M\u00fcfrezeler Kazbek\u2019in kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rlar, Kazbek, direnen m\u00fcfrezeye \u015f\u00f6yle der:<\/p>\n \u201cSiz g\u00f6revinizi ve namus borcunuzu yerine getirdiniz, takdire lay\u0131ks\u0131n\u0131z ve serbestsiniz!\u201d. B\u00fcy\u00fck Kazbek, bu tutsaklara birer at verdirir ve k\u0131talar\u0131na geri g\u00f6nderir;direnmeden teslim olan askerleri ise, g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirmemi\u015f olduklar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle tutsak olarak al\u0131koyar.<\/p>\n Ba\u015fka bir kez, 25 Kafkas atl\u0131s\u0131 7 ki\u015filik bir Rus ke\u015fif kolunu yakalar. Kafkas atl\u0131lar\u0131 bu ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00f6v\u00fcn\u00fcrler. Bunu duyan\u00a0 Kazbek\u00a0 \u015f\u00f6yle der:<\/p>\n \u201c25 atl\u0131n\u0131n 7 atl\u0131y\u0131 yakalamas\u0131\u00a0 ve tutsak almas\u0131, biz Adigeler i\u00e7in \u00f6v\u00fcnmeyi gerektirecek bir ba\u015far\u0131 say\u0131lmaz, dahas\u0131 bunu bir ba\u015far\u0131 imi\u015f gibi g\u00f6sterip \u00f6v\u00fcnmeye kalk\u0131\u015fmak da ay\u0131pt\u0131r! Biz, say\u0131ca bizden \u00e7ok ve toplar\u0131 da olan d\u00fc\u015fman g\u00fc\u00e7lerini yendi\u011fimizde, i\u015fte as\u0131l o zaman bir ba\u015far\u0131dan s\u00f6z edebiliriz! Daha do\u011frusu, bizim i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek zafer, namus ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc korumak i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015fmana sald\u0131rmak ve elde silah er meydan\u0131nda \u015fehit d\u00fc\u015fmek olabilir!\u201d. Taymi Bipolat<\/strong>, \u00c7e\u00e7en (Nohci) kahramanlar\u0131ndand\u0131r. Bipolat\u2019\u0131n yi\u011fit\u00e7e u\u011fra\u015flar\u0131 ve sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda y\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Ruslar, Bipolat\u2019\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 getirene b\u00fcy\u00fck bir para \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc koyarlar.<\/p>\n Bir g\u00fcn Rus karargah\u0131na bir Kafkasl\u0131 gelir, \u00f6nemli bir haber getirdi\u011fini ve komutan\u0131 g\u00f6rmek istedi\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Kafkasl\u0131 komutan\u0131n yan\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Komutan\u0131n \u201cNe istiyorsun?\u201d sorusuna, Kafkasl\u0131 \u015fu yan\u0131t\u0131 verir:<\/p>\n \u201cTaymi Bipolat\u2019\u0131n kafas\u0131n\u0131 getirdim.\u201d Komutan\u0131n \u201cNerede\u201d<\/em> sorusuna Kafkasl\u0131, kendi kafas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir, Bipolat\u2019\u0131n kendisi oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. \u015ea\u015fk\u0131ran\u00a0 komutan, niye b\u00f6yle davrand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 sorar. Bipolat da \u015f\u00f6yle bir\u00a0 yan\u0131t verir:<\/p>\n \u201cSiz, benim ba\u015f\u0131m i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6d\u00fcl koydunuz. Ulusumuzun\u00a0 i\u00e7inden bu paraya tamah edecek karakterde birilerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fini\u00a0 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm. Ulusumuz i\u00e7inden bu t\u0131ynette\/yarad\u0131l\u0131\u015fta\u00a0 birilerinin \u00e7\u0131kmamas\u0131\u00a0 i\u00e7in size gelmeyi uygun buldum! \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ahlaks\u0131zl\u0131k bir ba\u015f g\u00f6sterdi mi, ahlaks\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n nerede duraca\u011f\u0131 bilinmez, zincirleme olarak yay\u0131l\u0131p\u00a0 geni\u015fleyebilir!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n Sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu olaylar, Kafkasya\u2019daki ahlak anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ne gibi temellere dayanmakta oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Bu t\u00fcr etik anlay\u0131\u015flar\/telakkiler, Kafkasya\u2019da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir manevi direncin\/varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 biz, \u201dmal ve m\u00fclk kayg\u0131s\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fmeme, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k onurlu ve namuslu bir ya\u015fama a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 bir ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131\u00a0 bi\u00e7iminde tan\u0131mlayabiliriz.<\/p>\n \u0130\u015fte bu anlay\u0131\u015f \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde Kafkasya\u2019da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir yard\u0131mla\u015fma\/payla\u015f\u0131m anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 geli\u015fmi\u015f, bu anlay\u0131\u015f sonunda bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011fe de d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Kafkasya\u2019da sivrilmi\u015f tek bir zengin ya da d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn\u00a0 aile bulmak, dilencilere rastlamak olas\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bir nedenle yoksul d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olan bir aile ya da birey, toplumdan yard\u0131m ister ve toplum da bu yard\u0131m\u0131 yapma zorunlulu\u011funu duyar. Yard\u0131m iste\u011fi, sadaka olarak de\u011ferlendirilemez, yard\u0131m alan ki\u015fi bir minnet duygusu\/bir i\u00e7 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck alt\u0131na girece\u011fi ve onurundan bir \u015feyler yitirmi\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131 gibisine \u015feyleri asla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmez!\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Kafkasya\u2019da makam\/stat\u00fc ve servet ile onur ve ululuk\/izzet aras\u0131nda asla bir ilgi bulunmaz. Ki\u015fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en de\u011ferli miras, \u00a0mal m\u00fclk de\u011fil, onur anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Onur, aile ba\u011flam\u0131nda, torunlara genetik olarak ge\u00e7er, aile bu onuru korumak ve y\u00fcceltmekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bir yabanc\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle bir olay\u0131 anlat\u0131yor:<\/p>\n \u201cAhmet Y\u0131ko Ali<\/em> -Ahmet O\u011flu Ali- adl\u0131 biri sava\u015fa ve ulusal g\u00f6revlere kat\u0131lma gibi konularda gev\u015fek davran\u0131yor, Ali\u2019nin bu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131\u00a0 ailesinin onurunu zedeleyici\u00a0 nitelikte say\u0131l\u0131yor. Durumu sezen ailenin 12 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki o\u011flu silahlan\u0131p at\u0131na\u00a0 biniyor\u00a0 ve sava\u015fa gidenlere kat\u0131l\u0131yor\u201d. <\/em><\/p>\n Bir Kafkasl\u0131 i\u00e7in en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6d\u00fcl, onur ve onurlu olmakt\u0131r. Bu durum \u201cAd\u0131ga\u011fe (\u00c7erkeslik) \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendisini korkusuzca tehlikenin i\u00e7ine atan bir kahraman\u0131n m\u00fckafat\u0131\/\u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc, \u00a0\u00f6vg\u00fc ve onurdur\u201d \u015fiirinde dillenmi\u015ftir. Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 gezmi\u015f, \u00c7erkeslerle s\u0131k\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde bulunmu\u015f ve Kafkasya konusunda bir kitap yazm\u0131\u015f olan de Hell<\/strong>, Kafkasyal\u0131lar\u0131n onur ve ululuk konusundaki\u00a0 titizliklerini \u015fu olayla a\u00e7\u0131klar:<\/p>\n \u201c\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere Rostov\u2019a gitmi\u015f olan birka\u00e7 \u00c7erkes, serinlemek i\u00e7in suya girmi\u015f, giysilerini g\u00fcmr\u00fck binas\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131na b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Rus g\u00fcmr\u00fck memuru bu duruma k\u0131z\u0131p\u00a0 elbiseleri suya atmaya kalk\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine \u00c7erkesler galeyana gelirler, korkan g\u00fcmr\u00fck memuru da galeyan\u0131 yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00c7erkeslere para verme \u00f6nerisinde bulunur\u201d. \u201c\u00c7erkesler para \u00f6nerisini \u015f\u00f6yle kar\u015f\u0131larlar: \u201cPara, para!Para, sat\u0131l\u0131k bir vicdan ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k bir ruh ta\u015f\u0131yan siz Ruslar i\u00e7in de\u011ferlidir. Para, kad\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, para i\u00e7in bir\u00a0 hayvan gibi satan sizin gibiler i\u00e7indir. Bizim yurdumuzda insan\u0131n namusu sat\u0131lamayan\u00a0 ve dokunulmayan\u00a0 de\u011ferli\u00a0 bir varl\u0131kt\u0131r. Siz \u015fimdi ayaklar\u0131m\u0131za kapanarak ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanmay\u0131 istiyorsunuz, de\u011fil mi?Bizim sizden bekleyece\u011fimiz tek \u015fey, i\u015fte b\u00f6yle bir \u00f6z\u00fcr dilemenizdir\u201d. Mr. Bell<\/strong> de bu konuda \u015f\u00f6yle bir olay\u0131 anlat\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u201cRuslar, Karadeniz\u2019e uzanan Desva vadisine bir bask\u0131n yapm\u0131\u015f ve vadi halk\u0131ndan Krumbat\u0131y\u0131ko Mirza<\/strong> ad\u0131nda birinin tek mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan 900 koyunu gaspedip g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdi. Ard\u0131ndan y\u00f6redeki Rus generali, bir anla\u015fma zemini bulmak amac\u0131yla koyunlar\u0131 geri vermek istedi\u011fini bildirir. Ancak\u00a0 tek bir tavu\u011fu bile kalmam\u0131\u015f olan Krumbat\u0131y\u0131ko, generale \u015fu yan\u0131t\u0131 verir: \u201cGeneral koyunlar\u0131 kabul buyurmu\u015flard\u0131. Benim kendime yetecek kadar koyunum var, kendisinden ba\u015fka bir l\u00fctuf beklemiyorum\u201d. Bu \u00f6yk\u00fc ve olaylar Kafkasl\u0131lar\u0131n yukar\u0131da sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6zelliklerini yans\u0131tmak i\u00e7in\u00a0 yeterlidir a<\/em>ma \u015fair Abd\u00fclhak Hamit<\/strong> Beyin de dedi\u011fi gibi, \u201cVatan\u0131yla ve vatanda\u015f\u0131yla asl\u0131nda bir \u015fiir\u201d <\/em> olan Kafkasl\u0131n\u0131n, kendisiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan insanlar \u00fczerinde nas\u0131l bir izlenim ve \u00e7ekiclik b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 daha ba\u015fka yabanc\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zlerini de iletmek istiyorum. S\u00f6zlerini iletece\u011fim bu yazarlar, Kafkasl\u0131lar\u0131n organik\/fiziksel g\u00fczelliklerini anlatm\u0131\u015flar, fazilet, kahramanl\u0131k ve yurtseverliklerinin y\u00fcceli\u011fini ve inceliklerinin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc ortaya koymaya\u00a0 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu yabanc\u0131lar, ger\u00e7e\u011fi dile getirme \u00f6tesi bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc dile getirmi\u015f de\u011fildirler. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc onlar Kafkasya\u2019ya \u00f6zel ama\u00e7larla gitmemi\u015f olsalar bile, ku\u015fkusuz Ruslar\u0131n olas\u0131\u00a0 olumsuz telkinleriyle de kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n M\u00f6sy\u00f6 Hell<\/strong>, yaz\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor:<\/p>\n \u201c\u00c7erkesler g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm ve boy poslar\u0131n\u0131n\/endamlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fckemmelli\u011fini, karakter\/tabiat ve duru\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 g\u00fczelli\u011fini, da\u011fl\u0131lara \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00e7eviklik ve sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k g\u00fcc\u00fcyle birle\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. \u00c7ocukluktan ba\u015flat\u0131larak\u00a0 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclen s\u0131k\u0131 bir bedensel e\u011fitimden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f olan, kendi da\u011flar\u0131ndaki kartallar gibi \u00f6zg\u00fcr ya\u015famaya, varolma haklar\u0131na ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131na ili\u015fen\/dokunan her \u015feyi geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrmeye ve \u00f6ylesine \u015feyleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131l\u0131k olarak alg\u0131lamaya al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan \u00c7erkesler, \u0130lk\u00e7a\u011f toplumlar\u0131 i\u00e7inden par\u0131ldayarak \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olan, ge\u00e7mi\u015fin cengaverlik\u00a0 ve kahramanl\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n son izlerini ve belirtilerini halen s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte olan insanlar. Kafkas \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fczellik y\u00f6n\u00fcnden di\u011ferlerini ne denli ge\u00e7mekte\/\u00fcst\u00fcn oldu\u011funu\u00a0 anlamak i\u00e7in, \u00a0onlar\u0131, \u00a0g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye\/tema\u015faya\u00a0 de\u011fer par\u0131lt\u0131lar sa\u00e7an halleriyle, al\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki kararl\u0131l\u0131k, parlakl\u0131k\u00a0\u00a0 ve\u00a0 olgun hareketleri ile\u00a0 at \u00fczerinde iken izlemek yeterlidir\u201d. \u201c\u00c7erkeslerin Kafkasya\u2019da oynam\u0131\u015f olduklar\u0131\u00a0 rol \u00e7ok de\u011ferli ve \u00e7ok \u015fanl\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7erkesler bir ulusun tarihinde varolan ululuk ve soyluluk gibi de\u011ferlerin hepsini kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda canland\u0131r\u0131yorlar. Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0 y\u00fcksek tepelerini, o tepelerin\u00a0 bulutlara g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcp\u00a0 kaybolmu\u015f olan zirvelerini ve g\u00fcr ormanlarla kapl\u0131 o g\u00f6rkemi da\u011flar\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck\u00e7e, o da\u011flar\u0131n her bir kar\u0131\u015f topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve yurtseverlik u\u011fruna\u00a0 siper edinmi\u015f \u00c7erkeslere kar\u015f\u0131, \u00a0kalplerimiz\u00a0 sevgi ve hayranl\u0131k duygular\u0131yla doluyordu\u201d. \u201c\u00c7erkesleri bu bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla g\u00f6rd\u00fck\u00e7e, onlar\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fc\u00a0 bir an\u0131yla de\u011fil, ama yurtlar\u0131n\u0131 yabanc\u0131lara \u00e7i\u011fnetmektense \u00f6lmeyi ye\u011fleyen yi\u011fitlik ve cesaret timsali\/\u00f6rne\u011fi \u015fehitler olarak sayg\u0131nlamam\u0131z\u00a0 gerekiyor\u201d. Madam ve M\u00f6sy\u00f6 de Hell<\/strong>\u2019in kitab\u0131 bu ba\u011flamda bir\u00e7ok duyguyu dile getiriyor, Kafkasya \u00fczerine d\u00fczenledikleri co\u015fkulu bir \u015fiirlerinin\u00a0 birka\u00e7 dizesi de \u015fu s\u00f6ylemleri i\u00e7eriyor:<\/p>\n \u201cRus ordusu, yurdun ba\u011fr\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcsleyen ormanlar\u0131 yakar, sarp ve \u015firin vadilerini\/ge\u00e7itlerini zorlarken, Kafkasl\u0131 ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor ve istiyordu bilir misin Frans\u0131z?\u201d. \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle senin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn, senin istedi\u011fin \u015feyi: \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131! Ancak ne yaz\u0131k ki, Fransa uzakta idi.\u201d Alman \u015fairi Her M\u00fcler<\/strong> de bir \u015fiirinde \u201c\u00c7erkes, gerek yaya ve gerekse\u00a0 atl\u0131 olsun, her zaman i\u00e7in yenilmez ve e\u011filmez bir ki\u015filiktir\u201d <\/em> diyor.<\/p>\n Kafkas -\u00c7erkes- ulusuna bu \u00fcst\u00fcn \u00f6zellikleri kazand\u0131ran de\u011ferler, ku\u015fkusuz se\u00e7kin bir soydan gelmi\u015f olmalar\u0131 ile uzak ge\u00e7mi\u015fin derinliklerinden s\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcp gelen g\u00fczel gelenekleridir. Bu de\u011ferlerle birlikte Kafkas yurdunun do\u011fal g\u00fczelli\u011finin de olumlu\u00a0 bir etken oldu\u011funu belirtmemiz de gerekir.<\/p>\n Bireylerin kendi yurtlar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcleri, o yurdun de\u011ferleri ve nitelikleriyle do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Kafkasya\u2019da yurt ile yurtta\u015f aras\u0131nda tam bir uyum ve kayna\u015fma bulunur. Buna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, bir yandan\u00a0 Kafkasyal\u0131larda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir yurtseverlik duygusu, \u00f6te yandan da bir incelik ve organik\/fiziksel g\u00fczellik olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Mr. Longworth<\/strong> \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor:<\/p>\n \u201c(\u2026) Kafkasl\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada insan t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn en g\u00fczel bir \u00f6rne\u011fi\/\u0131rk\u0131 oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fine ek olarak, do\u011fa bu \u0131rka en g\u00fczel nitelik ve ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131 da sunmu\u015ftur\u201d. <\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Mr. Spencer <\/strong> de bir Karadeniz liman\u0131 olan P\u015fat\u2019da g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc P\u015f\u0131kan<\/strong> adl\u0131 bir \u00c7erkes ile giysisi \u00fczerine \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor:<\/p>\n \u201cO, \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz Fidyas i\u00e7in g\u00fczel bir \u00f6rnek\/model olurdu\u2026\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u201c\u00c7erkes giysisini g\u00f6rd\u00fckten sonra bizim Avrupa giysilerinden so\u011fudum\u201d. Mr. Bell<\/strong> de \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor: \u201cB\u00fct\u00fcn bu g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerimin bende uyand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131 \u015fudur:Bir b\u00fct\u00fcn halinde \u00c7erkes ulusu, \u015fimdiye de\u011fin g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\/tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m, duydu\u011fum ve okudu\u011fum uluslar\u0131n hepsinden daha kibar ve daha naziktir\u201d. Kont Marigny <\/strong> de, \u00c7erkeslere ili\u015fkin \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor:<\/p>\n \u201c\u00c7erkeslerdeki konukseverlik ve faziletin inceli\u011fini anlatmaya dil yetmez. Sadece \u015funu s\u00f6yleyebilirim, aile ba\u011f\u0131 ile ba\u011fl\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131m, bundan sonraki ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131 \u00c7erkesler aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeyi\u00a0 isterdim\u201d. <\/em><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n Odessa Konsolosu olan bu Kont\u2019un\u00a0 o s\u00f6zleri, Kafkasya\u2019daki \u00e7ekicili\u011fin\/cazibenin\u00a0 niteli\u011fini ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc vurgulamas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Yurtseverlik duygusuna gelince:<\/strong><\/p>\n Yurt sevgisi, Kafkasya\u2019da adeta dinsel bir inan\u00e7 bi\u00e7imine b\u00fcr\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f, b\u00fct\u00fcn bireylerin y\u00fcreklerinde yer etmi\u015ftir. Bu inan\u00e7\/akide Kafkasya\u2019da\u00a0 \u201cMabudum\/tap\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u015fey, \u00a0\u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck, tap\u0131na\u011f\u0131m da yurdumdur\u201d <\/em> bi\u00e7iminde dile gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Yurtseverlik duygusunun bundan daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir anlat\u0131m\u0131\u00a0 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Kafkas toplumu, i\u015fte b\u00f6ylesine bir inan\u00e7 \u00e7evresinde toplan\u0131p b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme\/birle\u015fme sonunda bir duygu, tarih, yazg\u0131, gelenek ve k\u0131yafet birli\u011fi olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve disiplin: Birbirine kar\u015f\u0131t olan bu iki kavram\u0131n, -yani \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve disiplinin- ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\/uzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 zor g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Kafkasl\u0131lar \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Tanr\u0131 \/mabut d\u00fczeyine\/mertebesine \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Mr. Longworth<\/strong> \u015f\u00f6yle diyor:<\/p>\n \u201cBa\u015fka \u00fclkelerde konut dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bunun\u00a0 kayg\u0131s\u0131 vard\u0131r, bu nedenle \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn feda edilmesi yoluna gidilir;Kafkasya\u2019da ise konuta\/meskene de\u011fil, ki\u015fisel \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe \u00f6ncelik\/\u00f6nem verilir\u201d. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc anlay\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6re b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey, ancak anar\u015fi ve g\u00f6\u00e7ebelik gibi kavramlarla a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. Kafkasya\u2019da ise, durum farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Kafkasya\u2019da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir disiplin anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile bu durumun k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Gelenekler\/\u00f6rf ve adetler, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ile disiplini o denli uyumlu ve o denli dengeli bir bi\u00e7imde d\u00fczenlemi\u015f, toplumun yap\u0131s\u0131na\/benli\u011fine ve ki\u015filerin ruhuna o denli yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki, Kafkasyal\u0131 gelene\u011fin gereklerini yerine getirirken, kendisinin baz\u0131 \u015feylerle k\u0131s\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f\/s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu, yani \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden bir \u015feyler yitirmi\u015f oldu\u011funu asla akl\u0131na getirmez, b\u00f6yle \u015feylerin fark\u0131na bile varmaz, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck denilen \u015feyin ancak geleneksel kurallar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f y\u00f6ntem, yasa ve eylemlerden olu\u015fan bir de\u011ferler b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc oldu\u011funa, ba\u015fkaca bir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn olamayaca\u011f\u0131na ve bunun da yasal\/me\u015fru say\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131r. Kafkasyal\u0131 gelenek d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dengesini yitirir ve mutsuz olur. Kafkasyal\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve mutlulu\u011fu, gelene\u011fin gereklerini yerine getirdi\u011finde ve geleneklerin egemen oldu\u011fu bir yerde bulundu\u011funda ya\u015far.<\/p>\n Kafkasyal\u0131 bu diren\u00e7li\/g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bireysel \u00f6zellikler ve toplumsal ko\u015fullar sayesinde, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc d\u0131\u015f sald\u0131r\u0131ya\/ak\u0131ma kar\u015f\u0131 koyma g\u00fcc\u00fcne ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu konuda Bat\u0131l\u0131 bir profes\u00f6r \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor:<\/p>\n \u201cKafkasl\u0131lar tarihleri boyunca kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn istila ve ink\u0131lap\/d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme dalgalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koymu\u015f ve \u015fimdiye de\u011fin varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 korumay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn kom\u00fcnist\u00a0\u00a0 devriminin\/d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmesinin etkileri ve darbeleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131rlar, acaba bunu da atlatabilecekler mi?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n D\u0130PNOT: İsmail Berkok Tarihte Kafkasya, s.244-253 Sadeleştiren: HAPİ Cevdet Yıldız Bu noktaya değin, Kafkas toplumunun tipik\/kendine özgü özellikleri ve bu özellikler çerçevesinde, toplumsal ilişkilerde zayıflığa yol açan öğeler üzerinde durmuştuk. Bu arada, sakıncalı ve zayıflığa yol açan özelliklerin, geleneksel yoldan\/geleneğin yardımıyla giderilmekte olduğuna da değinmiştik. Şimdi gelenek ve görenekler üzerine bazı bilgiler sunmak istiyorum. Kafkas adetleri\/gelenekleri: […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7634","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kultur-ana-sayfa","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7634","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7634"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7634\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7636,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7634\/revisions\/7636"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7634"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7634"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7634"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n<\/span>Tarihte Kafkasya, s.244-253
\nSadele\u015ftiren: HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n– Soyluluk, c\u00f6mertlik, utanmak, tokg\u00f6zl\u00fcl\u00fck\/k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten ka\u00e7\u0131nmak ve al\u00e7ak g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck demektir.<\/p>\n
\n<\/em><\/p>\n
\n-\u00c7erkes- i\u00e7in ana ama\u00e7 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak bu \u00f6zellikler bir tasar\u0131m\/tasavvur ve \u00f6v\u00fcnme konusu olarak da alg\u0131lanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f ve ya\u015fam i\u00e7inde uygulamaya konmu\u015f\/deneyimden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f olan \u00f6zelliklerdir. Bug\u00fcn bile anayurdundan, \u00e7evre ve gelene\u011finden uzak d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f, dahas\u0131 ba\u015fka toplumdan ki\u015filerle kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, dilini ve asl\u0131n\u0131\/milliyetini yitirmi\u015f olan bir\u00e7ok Kafkas k\u00f6kenli, i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcsel ve bilin\u00e7siz olarak, bu \u00f6zelliklerin bir\u00e7o\u011funu ta\u015f\u0131may\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor, gerekti\u011finde bu \u00f6zelliklere uygun olarak davran\u0131yor. Buna bir\u00e7ok\u00a0 yerde tan\u0131k olabiliyoruz.<\/p>\n
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\n<\/strong>Tire i\u00e7indekiler HCY\u2019ye\u00a0 aittir, ayr\u0131ca kelimesi kelimesine bir<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"