{"id":7646,"date":"2019-03-08T16:42:02","date_gmt":"2019-03-08T16:42:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=7646"},"modified":"2019-03-08T16:42:55","modified_gmt":"2019-03-08T16:42:55","slug":"yahudilik-ve-cerkesler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/yahudilik-ve-cerkesler\/","title":{"rendered":"YAHUD\u0130L\u0130K VE \u00c7ERKESLER"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

GHUNEKHO K. \u00d6zbay<\/span><\/h1>\n

K\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fczde kom\u015fu bir ninemiz vard\u0131. Kendisini t\u00fcm k\u00f6yl\u00fc Ap\u0131\u015f Nenej diye tan\u0131rd\u0131. Ben nenej\u0131 hayal meyal hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum ama k\u00f6ydekilerin anlat\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re ger\u00e7ekten Adige k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle yo\u011frulmu\u015f bir gua\u015femizmi\u015f. Dini bilgileri de \u00e7ok iyi biriydi diye sayg\u0131yla s\u00f6z ederler. Ap\u0131\u015f Nenej<\/strong>\u2019i ananlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda rahmetli annem gelmekteydi. Annemle Adigelik \u00fczerine konu\u015furken bir ara “bizim Ap\u0131\u015f Nenej<\/strong>, Adige adetleri Yahudi diniyle olu\u015ftu” diye s\u00f6yledi\u011fini ifade etmi\u015fti. Aradan y\u0131llar ge\u00e7tikten sonra nenej ne demek istemi\u015fti diye ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda bulunmak istedim. K\u00f6yden ba\u015fka bir kaynakta bulamad\u0131m ama Ap\u0131\u015f Nenej<\/strong> beni Hazarlara g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Halen d\u00fcnyada Hazar ad\u0131 ile an\u0131lan hi\u00e7 bir kavim ve topluluk yoktur. MS. 6 ve 12 y\u00fczy\u0131llarda ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 ve imparatorluk kurduklar\u0131 kesinlikle bilinen Hazarlar\u0131n bir iz b\u0131rakmadan tarih sahnesinden silinmeleri de mant\u0131\u011fa ters gelmektedir. (1)
\nHazar ad\u0131; Arap\u00e7a\u2019da El-Hazar<\/strong>, Rus\u00e7a\u2019da Kozar<\/strong>, G\u00fcrc\u00fcce\u2019de Hazari<\/strong>, \u00c7ince\u2019de Ko-sa veka-at<\/strong>, \u0130branice\u2019de Hazar<\/strong>, Kozar<\/strong>, Latince\u2019de Chazari<\/strong> ve Grek\u00e7e\u2019de Khazaroi<\/strong> \u015feklindedir. Her toplum kendi dilinde isimlendirmi\u015f ve a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak s\u00f6zc\u00fck Adigelerde Hazer<\/strong> veya Harz<\/strong> \u015fekillerinde yer almaktad\u0131r. \u0130sim Adigelerle de ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu kadar Abhazlarla da ili\u015fkilidir. Biz Adige diliyle ele al\u0131rsak<\/p>\n

Hazer:<\/strong> Hazar\u2019\u0131n Adigece s\u00f6yleni\u015fi.<\/p>\n

Haz-haza:<\/strong> D\u00f6nen, hareket eden, yerinde durmayan<\/p>\n

R:<\/strong> D\u00f6nme hareketini kan\u0131tlayan ektir. Haze-r \u015fekliyle d\u00f6nenler, hareket edenler anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Denize de bu anlamda isim verilmi\u015f olabilir. T\u00fcrk ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 say\u0131n \u015eaban Kuzgun\u2019da bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ftedir.<\/p>\n

Hazarlar\u0131n konu\u015ftu\u011fu dil hakk\u0131nda ne g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ne de d\u00fcn\u00fcn tarih\u00e7ileri kesin bir yarg\u0131ya varamam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bunun nedeni ise Hazar diliyle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir belgenin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelmemi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. (2) Baz\u0131 tarih\u00e7iler kuzey bat\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019da ya\u015fayan ve Hunlar\u0131nda ba\u015f belas\u0131 olan sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 Akatziri<\/strong>lerle Hazarlar\u0131 ili\u015fkili bulurlar. Bu Akatziri<\/strong>ler ki T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131nda T\u00fcrk diye kabul edilseler de kendileri Abhaz k\u00f6kenli, isimleri de kesinlikle Adige-Abhaz k\u00f6kenlidir.<\/p>\n

Aka-akha:<\/strong> Adige-Abhazlarda bir boy<\/p>\n

Aka-akha:<\/strong> Greklerde bir boy<\/p>\n

Xeri:<\/strong> Adigece -ler -lar eki<\/p>\n

Ze-dze:<\/strong> Adigece kalabal\u0131, asker anlam\u0131nda.<\/p>\n

Aka-xeri, Akalar; Aka-dze-r, Aka sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131, yani sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 Akalar anlam\u0131nda ve onlar\u0131n tarihteki an\u0131l\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla da \u00f6zde\u015ftir. Bunlar belki de Hazar\u2019a k\u00f6k olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda V. F. Miller ve M. Armatov, Bulgar ve Hazarlar\u0131n orta Kafkasya\u2019daki Alan<\/strong>lar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131 iddia etmektedirler. (3)<\/p>\n

Hazarlar\u0131n mezar ta\u015flar\u0131 okunamam\u0131\u015f ve bu ta\u015flar Kafkasya\u2019da vard\u0131r. \u00c7erkes ve \u0130slam inan\u00e7lar\u0131nda ge\u00e7en yec\u00fcc, mec\u00fccler vard\u0131r ki, G\u00fcrc\u00fcler bunlar\u0131 Hazarlar demektedirler. (4)<\/p>\n

Kafkaslar ve \u00e7evresinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir federasyon kuran Hazarlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrklerinde olaca\u011f\u0131 muhakkakt\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Hazarlar\u0131n idari \u015fekli etnik de\u011fil, dinsel bir yap\u0131ya dayanmakta ve s\u00f6z din adamlar\u0131ndayd\u0131. Hazar \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan Kabar<\/strong> ve Macar<\/strong>lar\u0131n T\u00fcrk olduklar\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclse de bu Kabarlar\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki Kabardeyler oldu\u011fu kesindir. Tarih\u00e7iler bilir ki Adige Kabardeyleri K\u0131r\u0131m \u00fczerinden Macaristan\u2019a kadar gelip anavatanlar\u0131na geri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki orta Avrupa\u2019ya metal medeniyetini Kabar ve Macarlar Kuban\u2019dan g\u00f6t\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Varl\u0131klar\u0131 bilinen ama iz b\u0131rakmayan Hazarlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde Kafkasl\u0131 topluluklarda bolca bulunmakta ve bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda Adigelerde gelmekteydi. Bu hazarlar\u0131n i\u00e7indede T\u00fcrkler vard\u0131 ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze onlardan Yahudi olan Karaimler kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Karaimler T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli olup Yahudi dininden olmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n adetleri Adigelerle genelde ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Buda bizim Ap\u0131\u015f Nenej<\/strong>\u2019in dedi\u011fi Adigelerin din evresini de ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. \u015eimdi Karaim<\/strong> Yahudileriyle, Adige adetlerini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ral\u0131m.<\/p>\n

– Karaimlerde \u00e7ok evlilik yasakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Adigelerde de tek evlilik vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Evlilikte kad\u0131n ve erkek tek beden say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kad\u0131n\u0131n karde\u015fleri ile kocas\u0131, eni\u015fte, kay\u0131nbirader gibiler \u00f6z karde\u015f say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Bu inan\u00e7 Adigelerde de ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Tevrat listesinde verilenlerle evlenmek yasakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Adigelerde de Tevrat\u2019\u0131n verdi\u011fi listeyle evlenmek yasakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– K\u0131yas metodu ile amca ve ye\u011fenlerin evlenmesi yasakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi s\u00fct karde\u015flerle de evlenmek yasakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Bu iki inan\u00e7ta Adigelerde ayn\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– \u00d6len bir kimsenin kar\u0131s\u0131 ile karde\u015fi evlenemez. Bu yasak ni\u015fanl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa da te\u015fmil etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

– Bu inan\u00e7 Adigelerde ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak \u0130slam dinini bahane ederek baz\u0131lar\u0131 bu kural\u0131 bozmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

– Tuvaletlerin evlerin i\u00e7ine yap\u0131lmas\u0131 caiz de\u011fildir. Tuvaletler mutlaka meskenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

– Adigelerde de ayn\u0131yd\u0131. Bizler bu yap\u0131ya yeti\u015ftik.<\/p>\n

– S\u00fcnnet bunlarda kesindir.<\/p>\n

– Adigelerde de s\u00fcnnet olay\u0131 vard\u0131r ve ne zaman ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmemektedir.<\/p>\n

– Yahudiler Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fcne \u015eabat<\/strong> veya \u015eebt<\/strong> derler ve anlam\u0131 da tek g\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

– Adigelerde de Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fcne Mafezakho<\/strong> derler ve anlam\u0131 da tek g\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Yaln\u0131z \u0130slam dinine ge\u00e7tikten sonra Allah\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn tek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilin\u00e7sizce fark\u0131nda olmadan ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z Mafezakho<\/strong> yerine \u015eembet<\/strong> demeye devam ederler. Bu s\u00f6yleni\u015f Kabardeylerde daha \u00e7oktur.<\/p>\n

Adigeler Yahudi dininden \u00e7ok \u015feyler ald\u0131lar. Di\u011fer dinlerden de ald\u0131lar ve bunlar\u0131 kendilerine uyarlay\u0131p toplumsal yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fumuna katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Bunlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yine isim ve kutlamalarda ise;
\nPurin:<\/strong> Yahudilerin dini bayram\u0131. \u00c7ocuklar i\u00e7in olup maskeli ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc k\u0131yafetlerle kutlan\u0131r. Adigelerde b\u00f6yle bir bayram olmamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n isim olarak P’ur<\/strong>; evlat, P’urin<\/strong>; evlat yeti\u015ftirme anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

M\u00d6 99-592 (Yahuda) krallar\u0131 listesine bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda; \u00f6zellikle Abhaz, Abzegh k\u00f6kenli isimlere rastlamaktay\u0131z. Bunlar, Ma-ahazya<\/strong>, Atalya<\/strong>, Amazya<\/strong>, Uziya<\/strong>, Ahaz<\/strong> ve Hizkaya<\/strong>\u2019d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da de\u011findi\u011fimiz gibi Yahudilik bir Kafkaslarda \u015fekillenirken daha sonralar\u0131 da do\u011fu Avrupa halklar\u0131na enjekte ettiler. \u015eimdi Avrupa Yahudili\u011finin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yeri Adige ve Kafkasya\u2019d\u0131r. Adigeler ilk zamanlardan beri nas\u0131l ki ilahi bir varl\u0131k olarak Thashxoya<\/strong> inanm\u0131\u015flarsa yahu diniyle de bunu ifade edebildiler. Bunlar\u0131 yazarken din ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmedim. Sadece bir ninenin s\u00f6yledikleri ve o s\u00f6zleri dilinden esirgemeyen TSEY Selvar\u2019\u0131 bir kez daha anmak, birazda farkl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kendimizi tan\u0131tmak istedim.<\/p>\n

KAYNAK\u00c7A: <\/strong><\/p>\n

1) <\/strong>Hazar ve Karay T\u00fcrkleri, \u015eaban Kuzgun.
\n2)<\/strong> Kabile, Arthur Kostler
\n3) <\/strong>Yahudiler ve T\u00fcrkler, Hikmet Tanyu.
\n4)<\/strong> \u0130slam \u00d6ncesi Arap Tarihi ve Cahiliye \u00c7a\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

GHUNEKHO K. Özbay Köyümüzde komşu bir ninemiz vardı. Kendisini tüm köylü Apış Nenej diye tanırdı. Ben nenejı hayal meyal hatırlıyorum ama köydekilerin anlatımına göre gerçekten Adige kültürüyle yoğrulmuş bir guaşemizmiş. Dini bilgileri de çok iyi biriydi diye saygıyla söz ederler. Apış Nenej’i ananların başında rahmetli annem gelmekteydi. Annemle Adigelik üzerine konuşurken bir ara “bizim Apış […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kultur-ana-sayfa","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7646","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7646"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7646\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7648,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7646\/revisions\/7648"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7646"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}