![](\"http:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/yz-image4\/0237-rusya.GIF\")
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Rusya.ru<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Rusya, m\u00fczikten edebiyata, baleden resme kadar sanat ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn hemen her alan\u0131nda d\u00fcnyadaki temel merkezlerden biridir. Pu\u015fkin, Gogol, Dostoyevski, Tolstoy, \u00c7ehov, \u00c7aykovski, Ayvazovski, Tarkovski gibi daha pek \u00e7ok isim buna \u00f6rnektir. Ya da Hermitaj ve Bol\u015foy gibi Rusya\u2019daki y\u00fczlerce m\u00fcze, tiyatro ve sergi salonu… Bu konuda sitemizdeki \u201c\u00dcnl\u00fc Ruslar\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde bir\u00e7ok \u015fair, yazar, besteci, opera ve pop \u015fark\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, tiyatrocu ve sinemac\u0131, bale ve dans sanat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131, ressam ve ba\u015fka k\u00fclt\u00fcr adamlar\u0131yla ilgili bilgi bulabilece\u011finizi belirtelim. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Rusya\u2019s\u0131nda k\u00fclt\u00fcr sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde profesyonel olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 1,2 milyon ki\u015fidir. RF Finans Bankas\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re, 2004 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u00fclt\u00fcr-sanat harcamalar\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 milyar Dolar ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; bunun \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131n yerel b\u00fct\u00e7elerden, kalan\u0131n\u0131n ise federal b\u00fct\u00e7eden kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n 80\u2019lerin sonunda ve 90\u2019lar\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fanan h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimler s\u0131ras\u0131nda k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kurum ve al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmesi s\u00fcreci, son y\u0131llarda al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemlerle tersine \u00e7evrilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Rusya\u2019da 1996-2003 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda tiyatro say\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fczde 20\u2019den fazla artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (470\u2019ten 571\u2019e). Ancak bu d\u00f6nemde seyirci say\u0131s\u0131ndaki azalma engellenememi\u015ftir (1996\u2019da bin ki\u015fiye 213 seyirciden 2003\u2019te bin ki\u015fiye 209 seyirci). Opera ve bale binalar\u0131n\u0131n 1994-2003 aras\u0131nda 35\u2019ten 71\u2019e \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 ilgin\u00e7tir. 1996-2003 d\u00f6neminde Rusya\u2019daki m\u00fcze say\u0131s\u0131nda d\u00f6rtte birin \u00fczerinde art\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f, rakam 1725\u2019ten 2189\u2019a y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. M\u00fczelere gitme oran\u0131nda ise yaln\u0131zca y\u00fczde 3,5\u2019luk bir art\u0131\u015f olmu\u015ftur. Sosyalizmden piyasa ekonomisine h\u0131zl\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015fte k\u00fclt\u00fcr kurumlar\u0131 ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr adamlar\u0131 her zaman kolay adapte olamamaktad\u0131r, ancak yine de son zamanlarda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fanan d\u00f6neme \u00f6zg\u00fc yeni k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve sanatsal ba\u015far\u0131lara imza at\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanmas\u0131 sevindiricidir.<\/p>\n Turizm<\/p>\n <\/b>2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda Rusya, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en fazla gidilen \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda 7. s\u0131radayd\u0131. D\u00fcnya Turizm \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc verilerine g\u00f6re, Rusya\u2019ya 20,2 milyon turist gitti. Turizmden elde edilen gelir bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Rusya yakla\u015f\u0131k 6,3 milyar dolarla (adam ba\u015f\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131 ortalama 311 dolar) 16. oldu. Rusya yurtta\u015f\u0131 turistler ise 2003\u2019te yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda 7,6 milyar dolar b\u0131rakt\u0131. (En bonk\u00f6r turist s\u0131ralamas\u0131nda Ruslar d\u00fcnya 13.\u2019s\u00fc.) Rusya\u2019da turizm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k 5 milyon ki\u015fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor; bu a\u00e7\u0131dan Rusya d\u00fcnyada 7. s\u0131rada.<\/p>\n Bununla birlikte Rusya\u2019n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu turizm potansiyelini yeterince iyi kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortada.<\/p>\n Rusya\u2019ya giden turistler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en ba\u015fta ba\u015fkent Moskova geliyor. Kurulu\u015fu 1147\u2019ye dayanan Moskova, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck kenti. N\u00fcfusu 2002 say\u0131mlar\u0131na g\u00f6re 10,4 milyon ama fiilen \u00fclke i\u00e7i \u00f6teki kentlerden ve d\u00fcnyadan gelenlerle g\u00fcnl\u00fck n\u00fcfusun 13-13,5 milyon oldu\u011fu kabul ediliyor. Rusya ba\u015fkenti, 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda Marcer Human Consulting adl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma merkezinin Avrupa, Asya, Kuzey ve G\u00fcney Amerika ve Avustralya\u2019y\u0131 kapsayan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n 144 geli\u015fmi\u015f \u015fehrinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucunda Moskova t\u00fcm Avrupa, Amerika ve di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin metropollerini geride b\u0131rakarak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en pahal\u0131 \u015fehri unvan\u0131na sahip oldu.<\/p>\n 1156\u2019da Yuriy Dolgorukiy taraf\u0131ndan ah\u015fap olarak yapt\u0131r\u0131lan, sonra defalarca yang\u0131nlar ve y\u0131k\u0131mlar ya\u015fayan Kremlin Saray\u0131, K\u0131z\u0131l (eski Rus\u00e7a’daki anlam\u0131yla G\u00fczel) Meydan, Tverskaya ve Arbat caddeleri, Pu\u015fkin ve Tretyakov m\u00fczeleri, Lermantov ve \u015falyapin evleri, tiyatrolar\u0131, sinemalar\u0131, parklar\u0131, nehri, kilise ve camileri, al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezleri, e\u011flence hayat\u0131 ve 1931\u2019den bug\u00fcne geli\u015ferek 150 civar\u0131ndaki istasyonuyla ba\u015fkent ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131smen rahatlatan dev Moskova Metrosu ile g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye de\u011fer e\u015fsiz bir d\u00fcnya kenti Moskova.<\/p>\n Rusya\u2019n\u0131n say\u0131lar\u0131 bini a\u015fk\u0131n olan \u00f6teki kentlerinde de pek \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 g\u00f6zlem edinmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn ku\u015fkusuz. Ama onlar aras\u0131nda birka\u00e7 kenti ayr\u0131ca vurgulamak gerek. En ba\u015fta da \u201cikinci ba\u015fkent\u201d veya \u201ck\u00fclt\u00fcr ba\u015fkenti\u201d olarak bilinen St. Petersburg\u2019u. 1703\u2019te B\u00fcy\u00fck Pyotr taraf\u0131ndan kurularak Rusya\u2019ya ba\u015fkent yap\u0131lan bu kentteki saray ve m\u00fczeleri, Hermitaj\u2019\u0131, Pu\u015fkin ve Dostoyevski m\u00fczelerini, \u015fehri bir a\u011f gibi ku\u015fatan y\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00fcst\u00fcnde kanal\u0131, Neva Nehri\u2019ni, Nevski Caddesi\u2019ni, katedralleri, parklar\u0131, kent d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Pu\u015fkin, Pavlovsk, Peterhof gibi turistik beldeleri… Rusya.ru Rusya, müzikten edebiyata, baleden resme kadar sanat ve kültürün hemen her alanında dünyadaki temel merkezlerden biridir. Puşkin, Gogol, Dostoyevski, Tolstoy, Çehov, Çaykovski, Ayvazovski, Tarkovski gibi daha pek çok isim buna örnektir. Ya da Hermitaj ve Bolşoy gibi Rusya’daki yüzlerce müze, tiyatro ve sergi salonu… Bu konuda sitemizdeki “Ünlü Ruslar” bölümünde birçok şair, yazar, besteci, 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\nOnun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, b\u00fcy\u00fck kentlerden Novosibirsk\u2019i, Nijniy Novgorod\u2019u, Samara\u2019y\u0131, Tataristan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Kazan\u2019\u0131, Ba\u015fkortistan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Ufa\u2019y\u0131, \u201cKaradeniz\u2019in \u00f6te yan\u0131ndaki\u201d So\u00e7i\u2019yi ve Novorossiysk\u2019i… Moskova yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki turizm halkas\u0131 olan \u201cAlt\u0131n Y\u00fcz\u00fck\u201d kentleri olarak bilinen Vladimir, Suzdal, \u0130vanovo, Kostroma, Yaroslavl, B\u00fcy\u00fck Rostov, Pereslavl-Zaleski ve Sergiyev Pasad\u2019\u0131… Baykal g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fc. Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n en uzun nehri olan Volga\u2019y\u0131. U\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z Sibirya topraklar\u0131n\u0131…<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"