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Timur B. Davletov<\/strong> Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n Ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc Iss\u0131k kurgan\u0131, Kazakistan topraklar\u0131n\u0131 M\u00d6 V-IV y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Sak kavimlerinin tarih ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne ili\u015fkin olarak \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan en tan\u0131nan an\u0131tt\u0131r. Bu kurgan\u0131n kaz\u0131lar\u0131nda bula\u015f\u0131k ve alt\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan e\u015fyalar bulunmu\u015ftur. En benzersiz buluntu ise, alt\u0131n elbiseli asker ve ileri bir uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n simgesi olan 26 i\u015faretle i\u015flenmi\u015f g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f bir kasedir.<\/p>\n Uygulamal\u0131 dekor zanaatkarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en benzersiz an\u0131t\u0131 olan Yurt (\u00e7ad\u0131r – T.B.D.) ise, g\u00f6\u00e7erlerin sahip oldu\u011fu mimarisinin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar ula\u015fan en m\u00fckemmel \u00f6rne\u011fidir. Hafif ve rahat olan ve de az yer tutan bu \u00e7ad\u0131r, kolayca kurulmakta ve s\u00f6k\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n IX-XIII. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda yo\u011fun bir bi\u00e7imde \u015fehir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc geli\u015fme g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Eski T\u00fcrk d\u00f6nemi yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklarda, Otrar (Farab), Taraz, \u0130sfidjab (Sayram), S\u0131\u011fnak, Suyab, Sauran, Yangikent, Yass\u0131, Koyl\u0131k, Talgar ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da di\u011feri gibi Orta\u00e7a\u011flara ait en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f \u015fehirlerin adlar\u0131 kaydedilmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde mimari \u00e7ok ileri d\u00fczeylere ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Auliye-Ata, Baba-Ata, Ay\u015fa-Bibi, Karahan, Ar\u0131stanbab gibi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar korunmu\u015f olan ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki insanda mimari ve dekorasyon motifleriyle hayranl\u0131k uyand\u0131ran son derece etkileyici mozoleleri bunun en iyi kan\u0131tlar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu d\u00f6nem yaz\u0131l\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131 zanaatkarl\u0131k, sanat, edebiyat ve s\u00f6zl\u00fc halk yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesine ili\u015fkin bilgileri bize ula\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. En iyi edebiyat \u00f6rne\u011fi, Orhun yaz\u0131tlar\u0131d\u0131r. Orhun yaz\u0131tlar\u0131 (VII), Korkut-Name (VIII), O\u011fuz-name (IX) b\u00fct\u00fcn kavimler i\u00e7in ortak bir d\u00f6nem olan Eski T\u00fcrk zaman\u0131na aittir. Bunlar\u0131n orijinalleri, T\u00fcrk kavimlerini y\u00f6neten tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f T\u00fcrk b\u00fcy\u00fckleri K\u00fcl-Tegin, Bilge-Ka\u011fan, Tonyukuk\u2019un an\u0131s\u0131na dikilen devasa mezar ta\u015flar\u0131nda korunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Edebiyat tarihine, matematik, mimarl\u0131k, m\u00fczik gibi bir\u00e7ok bilim ve sanat\u0131n kurucusu Abunas\u0131r al-Farabi, paha bi\u00e7ilemez yap\u0131t olan \u201cDivan\u00fc Lugat-it T\u00fcrk\u201d\u00fcn (T\u00fcrk leh\u00e7eleri s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc) yazar\u0131 Ka\u015fkarl\u0131 Mahmut, nadide dini \u015fiir k\u00fclliyat\u0131 olan \u201cDivan-i Hikmet\u201din yazar\u0131 Hoca Ahmet Yesevi, Orta Asya ve Kazakistan halklar\u0131na ait din harici edebiyat yap\u0131t\u0131 olan \u201cKutadgu Bilig\u201din yazar\u0131 Yusuf Balasagunlu gibi efsanevi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, bilim adam\u0131 ve \u015fairlerin adlar\u0131 dahil olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n \u201cKissa-sul-anbiya\u201d, \u201cCodex Cumanicus\u201d, \u201cMuhabbat-Name\u201d, \u201cHac ul-Faradis\u201d, \u201cYusuf ve Zuleyha\u201d, \u201cG\u00fclistan\u201d, \u201cDombaul\u201d, \u201cKissa Naur\u0131z\u201d, \u201cTarih-K\u0131p\u00e7ak\u201d vd. destanlar da Alt\u0131n Ordu ya da K\u0131p\u00e7ak (XIII-XIV y\u00fczy\u0131llar) olarak bilinen d\u00f6neme aittir.<\/p>\n K\u0131p\u00e7ak dilinin en g\u00f6rkemli abidesi olan \u201cCodex Cumanicus\u201d, K\u0131p\u00e7ak\u00e7a S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, K\u0131p\u00e7aklar\u0131n bulmaca, \u00f6zdeyim ve \u00e7oban \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir folklor hazinesidir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u201cCodex Cumanicus\u201d, Venedik\u2019teki Aziz Mark Kilisesindedir.<\/p>\n Bu d\u00f6nemin mimarisini yans\u0131tan ve Yass\u0131 (bu g\u00fcn T\u00fcrkistan) \u015fehrinde en \u00f6nemli \u015fah eser Hoca Ahmet Yesevi Camii Mozolesi [T\u00fcrbesi – T.B.D.], Emir Timur d\u00f6neminde in\u015fa edilmi\u015ftir. Kazak Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman\u0131nda bu Mozole, ba\u015fka b\u00fcy\u00fck ka\u011fan ve tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f insanlar\u0131n g\u00f6m\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada; Ab\u0131lay Han, Jolbar\u0131s-Han, Yesim-Han, Bab\u0131r-Han, Kaz\u0131bek-Bi, Janibek-Bi vd. gibi tarihi \u015fahsiyetlerin t\u00fcrbeleri de burada bulunmaktad\u0131r. Alt\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca bu g\u00f6rkemli yap\u0131 ziyaret\u00e7ilerde yaln\u0131zca kendi b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve g\u00f6rkemlili\u011fiyle de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda sahip oldu\u011fu benzersiz g\u00fczellikteki dekorasyon s\u00fcs\u00fc sayesinde hayranl\u0131k yaratmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n XV-XVIII. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda Kazak Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131yla birlikte, Kazak halk\u0131 i\u00e7in ortak ulusal maneviyat\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in temeller at\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. XV. yy \u015fahsiyetlerinden olup daha sonra efsanele\u015fen ve zaman\u0131nda ilk Kazak hanlar\u0131 Janibek ve Kerey\u2019in dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131 olan Hasen Sabitul\u0131, t\u0131pk\u0131 Thomas More ve Tomazo Companelle gibi idealler ifade etmekte, kutsanm\u0131\u015f yer aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7inde bulunmaktayd\u0131. Kazak edebiyat\u0131 tarihi i\u00e7in Muhammed Haydar Dulati\u2019nin \u201cTarihi Ra\u015fidi\u201d, Kad\u0131rgali Kosan Ul\u0131 Jalairi\u2019nin \u201cJamagat Tauarih\u201d adl\u0131 vakan\u00fcvis kay\u0131tlar\u0131 k\u00fclliyatlar\u0131 \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6neme sahiptir. O zamanlar \u015fair-\u015fark\u0131c\u0131 olan; S\u0131p\u0131ra j\u0131rau, \u015ealkiiz, Kaztugan, Aktamberdi, Buhar j\u0131rau ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve sanat yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. O d\u00f6nemlerde \u00e7ok say\u0131da destan, kahramanl\u0131k masal, rit\u00fcellik \u015fark\u0131lar yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. S\u00f6zl\u00fc halk yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u201cKobland\u0131 Bat\u0131r\u201d, \u201cKoz\u0131 Korpe\u015f ve Bayan Sulu\u201d, \u201cK\u0131z Jibek\u201d gibi yap\u0131tlar\u0131 milli ruhun birer simgeleridir.<\/p>\n Ulu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr, e\u015fsiz s\u00f6z ressam\u0131, besteci, yorulmak bilmez ayd\u0131n e\u011fitimci Abay kendi zaman\u0131n\u0131n dahisi olup d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda tan\u0131nan ki\u015filiktir. 13 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken O, Arap\u00e7a, Fars\u00e7a, \u00c7a\u011fatayca ve Rus\u00e7a \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f ve bunun sayesinde Do\u011funun klasikleri taraf\u0131ndan meydana getirilen \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla tan\u0131\u015fma olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulmu\u015ftur. Abay, Pu\u015fkin, Lermontov, Kr\u0131lov, Goethe, Schiller, Bayron\u2019un yap\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 Kazak diline \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir. Hem \u015fiir hem de m\u00fczikte \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz yap\u0131tlara imza atm\u0131\u015f bulunan bu yazar\u0131n \u201cKara S\u00f6zder\u201d (\u00d6\u011f\u00fct S\u00f6zleri) adl\u0131 d\u00fczyaz\u0131s\u0131 (prose \u2013 T.B.D.), b\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelik sevgiyle kutsanm\u0131\u015f halk bilgeli\u011finin t\u00fcm derinli\u011fini ifade eden dini ve felsefi tezdir.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne \u00f6nemli katk\u0131da bulunan ilk Kazak bilim adamlar\u0131ndan biri, \u015eokan \u015e\u0131ng\u0131sul\u0131 Valihanov\u2019dur. O, Kazak ve K\u0131rg\u0131z halklar\u0131n\u0131n mit, efsane, gelenek, rit\u00fcel, dil ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eokan taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan \u201cDrevniye predaniya Bol\u015foy kirgiz-kaysatskoy ord\u0131\u201d [Ulu K\u0131rg\u0131z-Kazak Ordusunun Eski Anlat\u0131lar\u0131], \u201cSled\u0131 \u015famanstva u kazaxov\u201d [Kazaklarda \u015eamanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0130zleri], \u201cZapiski o Ka\u015fgariyi\u201d [Ka\u015fgar Hakk\u0131nda Notlar], \u201cO musulmanstve v stepi\u201d [M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanl\u0131k ve Bozk\u0131r \u00dczerine], vs. bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda Kazak ve di\u011fer akraba T\u00fcrk halklar\u0131na ait k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn sistemli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesi verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n Tarih ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr Miras\u0131 Onlar, k\u00fclt\u00fcr miras\u0131n\u0131n ihtiva etti\u011fi en \u00f6nemli unsurlardan biri olarak, \u00f6nemli sosyal i\u015flevler g\u00f6rmekte, bilim, e\u011fitim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn geli\u015fim, yurtseverlik duygusu olu\u015fumu ve moral ve estetik terbiye edili\u015f ama\u00e7lar\u0131na hizmet etmektedir. An\u0131tlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Kazakistan, Hindistan, \u00c7in, Akdeniz ve Yak\u0131n Do\u011fu \u00fclkelerinden geri kalmamakta ve bir \u00e7e\u015fit a\u00e7\u0131k hava m\u00fczesi gibi tan\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00c7ok say\u0131daki arkeolojik buluntular, Kazakistan topraklar\u0131nda bir zamanlar ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f \u0130skit, Sak, Savromat, Hun, Usun, Kangl\u0131lar (M.\u00d6. 1. yy), ard\u0131ndan da T\u00fcrk, Karluk, O\u011fuz ve K\u0131p\u00e7aklar gibi eski kavimlerin yerle\u015fik ve tar\u0131msal ve de g\u00f6\u00e7ebe k\u00fclt\u00fcrler uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek d\u00fczey geli\u015fmi\u015fli\u011fini kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr miras\u0131 kendi i\u00e7ine, bu topraklar \u00fczerinde ya\u015fayan halklar\u0131n 25 bini a\u015fk\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nmaz tarih, arkeoloji, mimarl\u0131k ve an\u0131tsal sanat an\u0131t\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr sistemi dahilinde bulunan 89 devlet m\u00fczesi sergi ve fonlar\u0131nda yer alan 2 milyon 56 binden fazla k\u00fclt\u00fcr de\u011fer \u00fcnitesi, yine k\u00fclt\u00fcr sistemi dahilinde bulunan 3495 devlet k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde korunan 66 milyon 840 bin cilt kitap, nadir el yazmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131nlardan olu\u015fan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011ferler \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Devlet egemenli\u011fini yeniden tesis eden Kazakistan\u2019da kabul edilen ilk yasalar; \u201cTarih ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr Miras\u0131 An\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n Korunma ve Kullan\u0131m\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda\u201d Kanun (Temmuz 1992) ile \u201cTarih ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr Miras\u0131 An\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n Korunma ve Kullan\u0131m\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Mevzuat\u0131n \u0130hlalinden Dolay\u0131 Cezai ve \u0130dari Sorumlulu\u011fun Artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na Hakk\u0131nda\u201d Kanun (Ekim 1993) olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti giri\u015fimiyle D\u00fcnya Miras Merkezi taraf\u0131ndan D\u00fcnya Miras An\u0131tlar\u0131 Listesine iki an\u0131t\u0131m\u0131z olan: Hoca Ahmet Yesevi mozolesi ile Almat\u0131 B\u00f6lgesinde bulunan Tamgal\u0131 kaya yaz\u0131s\u0131 kompleksi dahil edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Tarih ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr miras\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 alan\u0131nda yak\u0131n gelecek ba\u011flam\u0131ndaki \u00f6ncelikli g\u00f6revlerin hayata ge\u00e7irilmesi i\u00e7in temel olarak 2004-2006 y\u0131llar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cK\u00fclt\u00fcr Miras\u0131\u201d Devlet Program\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u201cK\u00fclt\u00fcr Miras\u0131\u201d Program\u0131 devletimizin, manevi ve e\u011fitim faaliyetlerinin geli\u015ftirilmesi, \u00fclkenin k\u00fclt\u00fcr miras\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131n\u0131n ve etkin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 alan\u0131nda ana belgesi niteli\u011fine sahip olup 2004-2006 y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 kapsayarak \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Onun ama\u00e7lar\u0131; ulusal k\u00fclt\u00fcr bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6zel bir ehemmiyet arz eden \u00f6nemli tarih ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr an\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden onarmak; folklor, gelenek ve g\u00f6renekler dahil olmak \u00fczere b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fclt\u00fcr miras\u0131n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir inceleme dizgesini yaratmak; ulusal edebiyat ve yaz\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok y\u00fczy\u0131ll\u0131k deneyimini de\u011ferlendirilmek, geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 ve i\u00e7erikli bilimsel ve \u00f6zge\u00e7mi\u015fsel dizilerini olu\u015fturmak; d\u00fcnya bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n en iyi yap\u0131tlar\u0131 baz\u0131nda devlet dilinde humaniter [sosyal bilimler] e\u011fitim kapsam\u0131nda tam donan\u0131ml\u0131 bir fonu kurmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu ama\u00e7lardan hareketle Program\u0131n ana g\u00f6revleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/p>\n Akmola b\u00f6lgesindeki Buzok \u015fehir kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131, Almaty b\u00f6lgesindeki Koyl\u0131k, Talgar \u015fehir kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla Iss\u0131k mezarl\u0131klar\u0131, At\u0131rau b\u00f6lgesindeki Saray\u00e7ik \u015fehir kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131, Do\u011fu-Kazakistan b\u00f6lgesindeki Berel ve \u00c7ilikti mezarl\u0131klar\u0131, Camb\u0131l b\u00f6lgesindeki Ak\u0131rtas \u015fehir kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, Karaganda b\u00f6lgesindeki Aybas-Daras\u0131, Kent, Tald\u0131say yerle\u015fimleri, Kuzey-Kazakistan b\u00f6lgesindeki Botay yerle\u015fimi, G\u00fcney-Kazakistan b\u00f6lgesindeki Juan-T\u00f6be, Sauran, Sozak, Otrar \u015fehir kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 vs. gibi eski, orta\u00e7a\u011f yerle\u015fim, kurgan ve \u015fehir kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131nda arkeolojik kaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yapmak ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Programda, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem, Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n tarih ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc an\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n onar\u0131m\u0131 ve koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131na verilmi\u015ftir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n ulusal tarihi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem arz eden tarihi, arkeolojik ve mimarl\u0131k an\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ertelenemeyecek kadar acil bir yard\u0131ma gereksinim duymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bunu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak, Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n onar\u0131m ve korunma alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken en \u00f6nemli tarihi, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve mimarl\u0131k an\u0131tlar\u0131 Programa dahil edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Ayr\u0131ca, Programda, Kazak ulusunun k\u00fclt\u00fcr miras\u0131nda tarihi \u00f6neme sahip el yazmas\u0131, nadir yay\u0131n, kitap ve ar\u015fiv belgelerinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ve temin edilmesi i\u00e7in bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma seyahatlerinin yak\u0131n ve uzak yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00fclkelerine ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f olup hali haz\u0131rda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Devlet Program\u0131 dahilindeki etkinlikler plan\u0131na uygun olarak, Almat\u0131, K\u0131z\u0131lorda, Kuzey-Kazakistan b\u00f6lgelerindeki Tarih ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr An\u0131tlar\u0131 Listesinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131mlanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Sanat Kurumlar\u0131 Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti ba\u015fkenti Astana\u2019da Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi, Tarih M\u00fczesi, Halk K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, Konser Salonu, Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti Alt\u0131n ve De\u011ferli metaller Devlet M\u00fczesi, Atsana \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f Sanat M\u00fczesi ve tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f yazar Saken Seyfullin m\u00fczesiyle bir kompleks i\u00e7erisinde faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n Almat\u0131 b\u00f6lgesi Camb\u0131l il\u00e7esindeki Tamgal\u0131 orman\u0131ndaki benzersiz arkeoloji kompleks ve kaya resimlerinin korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla \u201cTamgal\u0131\u201d Devlet Tarih, K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Do\u011fa S\u0130T alan\u0131 Devlet M\u00fczesi kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Haziran 2004\u2019te Astana\u2019da Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti Ulusal Akademik K\u00fct\u00fcphanesinin in\u015faat\u0131 tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Halen bu k\u00fct\u00fcphane kendi kitap fonlar\u0131n\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131na, olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131, ayr\u0131ca k\u00fct\u00fcphanenin Web sitesinin haz\u0131rl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na giri\u015fildi. Cumhuriyetimizdeki k\u00fct\u00fcphanecilik geli\u015fiminin, teknoloji alan\u0131ndaki h\u0131zl\u0131 geli\u015fimin, bilgi ve enformasyonun yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n meydana getirdi\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir etki ortam\u0131nda ge\u00e7ti\u011fini vurgulamak gerekir. K\u00fct\u00fcphaneler, d\u00fcnya bilgi a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilgi co\u011frafyalar\u0131n\u0131 ke\u015ffetmekte, elektronik ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131nda bilgi bankalar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Korporatif a\u011f ile elektronik kataloglar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u00fcrmektedir. Yaz\u0131l\u0131 bilginin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra k\u00fct\u00fcphanelere i\u015fitsel ve g\u00f6rsel kasetlerde, CD\u2019lerde elektronik ve web kaynaklar da temin edilmektedir. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara \u00f6rnek olarak, \u00fclkenin 14 k\u00fct\u00fcphanesinin \u00fcye oldu\u011fu Kazakistan Korporatif Kataloglama Merkezinin faaliyeti ile birle\u015fik kullan\u0131c\u0131 arabirim ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden b\u00fct\u00fcn koleksiyonlara giri\u015f olana\u011f\u0131 olan elektronik belgeleri ihtiva eden genel bilgi bankas\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 amac\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u201cS\u0131n\u0131rlarda Bulu\u015fma\u201d Kazak-Rus Projesi g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/p>\n Bilgi, e\u011fitim, k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve ayd\u0131nlanma alt yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ileride de geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in Kazakistan Arkeoloji ve Etnografya Devlet M\u00fczesi, Ab\u0131lay Han Tarih ve Etnografya Kompleksi, Almat\u0131 b\u00f6lgesi Yenbek\u015fikazak il\u00e7esindeki \u201cIss\u0131k\u201d ile Do\u011fu Kazakistan b\u00f6lgesi Katon-Karagay il\u00e7esindeki \u201cBerel\u201d tarih ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr SIT alan\u0131 m\u00fczelerinin kurulmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n Yeni an\u0131tlar\u0131n dikilmesinin bir d\u00fczene konulmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla, Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nin 01 Mart 2001 tarihli kararnamesiyle Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti Topraklar\u0131ndaki An\u0131t ve Abideleri Devlet Komisyonu kurulmu\u015ftur. 2001-2004 d\u00f6neminde bu Komisyonun 20\u2019den fazla oturumu ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f, 25\u2019ten fazla an\u0131t projesi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Tabii ki bu, an\u0131lan d\u00f6nem zarf\u0131nda kurulan an\u0131t ve abidelerin sanatsal d\u00fczeyine yans\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti Alt\u0131n ve De\u011ferli Metaller Devlet M\u00fczesi ve Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi fonlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan \u201cAlt\u0131n Asker; Sak Kurganlar\u0131n\u0131n Hazineleri\u201d Sergisi, \u201cMoskova Kremlini\u201d Tarih ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr Devlet M\u00fcze ve S\u0130T alan\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f, \u201cD\u00fcnya Taraf\u0131ndan Tan\u0131nan Kazakistan\u201d Kitap Sergisi Rusya Devlet K\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Kazakistan halk ressam\u0131, Devlet \u00d6d\u00fcl\u00fc sahibi Ab\u0131lhan Kasteyev\u2019in do\u011fumunun 100. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcne ithafen J\u00fcbile sergisi a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc etkinlikleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde bilim ve uygulama konferans\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, yap\u0131tlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan g\u00f6rsel malzemeli alb\u00fcm\u00fc yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f ve an\u0131l\u0131k demir para bask\u0131s\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n A. Kasteyev Devlet Sanat M\u00fczesinde \u201cResim Sanat\u0131; Sorun ve Perspektifler\u201d konulu bir yuvarlak masa toplant\u0131s\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu toplant\u0131ya, k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131, sanatsal birlik \u00fcyeleri kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yuvarlak masa toplant\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn geli\u015fmesi ve desteklenmesi gibi \u00f6nemli sorunlar ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu y\u0131l 28 \u015eubatta, Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti Ulusal Akademik K\u00fct\u00fcphanesinde, b\u00f6lgesel \u00fcniversal k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin m\u00fcd\u00fcrleri, yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6neticileri, Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti KFSB temsilcilerinin etkin olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cK\u00fclt\u00fcr Miras\u0131: Kitap Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Kitap da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 Sorunlar\u0131\u201d konulu yuvarlak masa toplant\u0131s\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bu seminer-toplant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n esnas\u0131nda yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k ve Devlet sipari\u015fini ifa ederken k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na ili\u015fkin sorunlar tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ve ihale d\u00fczenlenme ilkeleri g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Bu y\u0131l 25 Martta, Uluslar aras\u0131 Ekspo-2005 Sergisi Japonya\u2019n\u0131n Ai\u00e7i \u015fehrinde a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen m\u00fczelerdeki fonlardaki malzemelerle olu\u015fturulan sergi, \u00fclkemizin k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini yans\u0131tarak b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi kayna\u011f\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Serginin g\u00fcnl\u00fck ziyaret\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131 5 binden fazla ki\u015fidir.<\/p>\n 29 Martta Pekin \u015fehrinde Kazak-\u00c7in K\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve Humaniter \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Alp Komitesi ilk toplant\u0131s\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. G\u00fcndem maddesi olarak, \u00c7in Devlet K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi\u2019nde, Kazakistan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr de\u011fi\u015fimi ve i\u015fbirli\u011finin ileriye d\u00f6n\u00fck peki\u015ftirilmesi amac\u0131yla \u201cKazakistan K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi\u201dnin kurulmas\u0131 konusu ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gelecekte taraflar, \u201cKazakistan K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc Merkezi\u201dnin \u00c7in\u2019de kurulmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin konu ba\u011flam\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde bulunacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ayn\u0131 zamanda UNESCO merkezinde resim ve dekorasyon ve uygulama sanatlar\u0131 sergilerinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, \u201cMerkezi Asya\u2019da K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00c7e\u015fitlilik ve Diyalog\u201d, \u201cAlt\u0131n ve Ottan: Kazakistan G\u00f6\u00e7ebeleri\u201d gibi Iss\u0131k, Berel kurganlar\u0131n\u0131n arkeolojik kaz\u0131lar\u0131nda bulunan benzersiz kuyumculuk \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin yer alaca\u011f\u0131 sergilerin ABD m\u00fczelerinde d\u00fczenlenmesi planlanmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, \u201cEKSPO-2005. Ai\u00e7i\u201d Sergisi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde d\u00fczenlenen ve Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr Merkezi fonlar\u0131ndan, Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti Merkezi Devlet M\u00fczesi fonlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan \u201cAlt\u0131n Asker. Sak Kurganlar\u0131n\u0131n Hazineleri\u201d sergisi tertiplenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti Kitle \u0130leti\u015fim Ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ve Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k Evleri Toplumsal ve siyasal yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u00fclkemizde bilgi, reklam-bilim, kad\u0131n, gen\u00e7lik, dinsel, \u00e7ocuk, ihtisasla\u015fm\u0131\u015f profesyonel ve saire yay\u0131nlar mevcuttur.<\/p>\n Halen devletin % 100\u2019l\u00fck kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla iki yay\u0131n evi; ZAO \u201cKazak Gazetteri\u201d ve \u201cElorda\u201d Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Timur B. Davletov Tarih Boyunca Kafkasya Sayfa:30 İstanbul,1999 Çiviyazıları Kazakistan’ın Geçmişteki Kültürü Eski Kazakistan topraklarının keşfedilmesinin ilk aşaması olarak, eski Ari hayvancılıkla uğraşan kavimlerinin 6 bin yıl önce yerleşmeye başlaması dönemi kabul edilmektedir. Güney Ön Ural bölgesinde bulunan Sintaştı ile Arkaim tapınak siteleri o eski zamanlarda yaşamış halkın ruhunu teyit eden maddi birer kanıttır. 4-5 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kultur-ana-sayfa","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7706","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7706"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7706\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7708,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7706\/revisions\/7708"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7706"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7706"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7706"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n<\/span> Tarih Boyunca Kafkasya Sayfa:30 \u0130stanbul,1999 \u00c7iviyaz\u0131lar\u0131\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nEski Kazakistan topraklar\u0131n\u0131n ke\u015ffedilmesinin ilk a\u015famas\u0131 olarak, eski Ari hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fan kavimlerinin 6 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 d\u00f6nemi kabul edilmektedir. G\u00fcney \u00d6n Ural b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan Sinta\u015ft\u0131 ile Arkaim tap\u0131nak siteleri o eski zamanlarda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f halk\u0131n ruhunu teyit eden maddi birer kan\u0131tt\u0131r. 4-5 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce tarih ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezi kuzeyden g\u00fcneye, G\u00fcney Ural\u2019dan \u0130nd vadisine do\u011fru kaymaktad\u0131r. Eski yerle\u015fimcilerin sahip oldu\u011fu y\u00fcksek k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn belirtisi, Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n kutsal yeri olan Tamgal\u0131 b\u00f6lgesidir. Daha sonraki d\u00f6nemde (M\u00d6 VII-IV yy) Saklar\u0131n me\u015fhur kurganlar\u0131, Kazakistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde bulunan tarih ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr an\u0131t\u0131 olan Iss\u0131k ve Bes\u015fat\u0131r kurganlar\u0131, do\u011fuda bulunan \u00c7iliktinski, Berelski kurganlar\u0131, bat\u0131daki Aralt\u00fcbe kurgan\u0131 da bu konuda birer \u00f6nemli kan\u0131tt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nKazakistan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin k\u00fclt\u00fcr alan\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli y\u00f6neli\u015flerinin biri de, halklar\u0131n kimlik bulmas\u0131 ve geli\u015fmesinde ayr\u0131 bir rol atfedilen tarih ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr miras\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 sorunlar\u0131d\u0131r. An\u0131tlar, ku\u015faklar\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcn k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn gelenek ve de\u011ferlerinin korunmas\u0131 ve \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fczerinden ba\u011flant\u0131 ipi olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nBu g\u00fcn itibariyle Kazakistan\u2019da, k\u00fclt\u00fcr alan\u0131nda devletin siyasetini yerine ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcrecinde birer etkin ara\u00e7 olan 147\u2019den fazla \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steren m\u00fcze ve S\u0130T-alan\u0131 m\u00fczesi, 3495 k\u00fct\u00fcphane mevcuttur.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\n01 May\u0131s 2005 tarihi itibariyle Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti \u00fclkesinde s\u00fcrekli olarak 2116 adet kitle ileti\u015fim arac\u0131 faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7erisinden %80\u2019i devlete ait olmay\u0131p \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6re aittir. 1918\u2019den \u00e7ok bas\u0131l\u0131 kitle ileti\u015fim arac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7erisinde; gazete say\u0131s\u0131: 1327; dergi: 591\u2019dir. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u00fclkede 187 elektronik kitle ileti\u015fim arac\u0131 mevcuttur. Bunun i\u00e7erisinde televizyon \u015firketi ile teleradyo \u015firketinin say\u0131s\u0131 147, radyo \u015firketlerinin say\u0131s\u0131 40 ve bilgi haber ajanslar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 da 11\u2019dir.<\/p>\n