{"id":7762,"date":"2019-03-08T19:39:09","date_gmt":"2019-03-08T19:39:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=7762"},"modified":"2019-03-08T19:39:09","modified_gmt":"2019-03-08T19:39:09","slug":"kulturel-etkilesim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/kulturel-etkilesim\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u00dcLT\u00dcREL ETK\u0130LE\u015e\u0130M"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

GHUNEKHO Savs\u0131r \u00d6zbay<\/b><\/p>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr, bir toplumun tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde \u00fcretti\u011fi ve ku\u015faktan ku\u015fa\u011fa aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc maddi ve manevi \u00f6zelliklerin t\u00fcm\u00fcne denir. Genel olara kendi i\u00e7inde ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r.
\n1) Maddi k\u00fclt\u00fcr.
\n2) Manevi k\u00fclt\u00fcr. Her iki k\u00fclt\u00fcr kendi i\u00e7inde birbiriyle ili\u015fkili ve tamamlay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00fclt\u00fcr toplumun do\u011fal \u00e7evresinden de etkilenir. Bunun i\u00e7indede de\u011fi\u015fimler g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr;
\n– Bireysel davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyip toplumsal d\u00fczeni sa\u011flar.
\n– Topluma kimlik kazand\u0131r\u0131r.
\n– Topluma birlik (biz) duygusunu verir.
\n– Toplumsal (sosyal) olu\u015fumu sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsanlar\u0131n \u00fclkeleri farkl\u0131 olsa da biyolojik olarak birbirlerine benzerler. \u0130nan\u00e7, tutum, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve alg\u0131lamalar farkl\u0131 olabilir. Bireyler i\u00e7inde do\u011fduklar\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olurlar ama aile k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn etkileri de b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Bu anlamda;
\n1) \u00dcst k\u00fclt\u00fcr, bir toplumda herkes taraf\u0131ndan bilinen ve uygulanan yap\u0131.
\n2) Alt k\u00fclt\u00fcr, \u00fcst k\u00fclt\u00fcr i\u00e7erisinde bulunan etnik guruplar\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.
\n3) Genel k\u00fclt\u00fcr, bir arada ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n ortak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc.
\n4) K\u00fclt\u00fcrle\u015fme, uluslar\u0131n etkile\u015fim k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.
\n5) K\u00fclt\u00fcr yay\u0131lmas\u0131, k\u00fclt\u00fcr par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131m\u0131. Yo\u011furdun T\u00fcrklerden, spagettinin \u0130talyanlar olmas\u0131 gibi.
\n6) K\u00fclt\u00fcrel gecikme, maddi k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00f6\u011felerine, manevi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ge\u00e7 ula\u015fmas\u0131.
\n7) K\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u015fok, \u00c7erkeslerin g\u00f6\u00e7le ba\u015fka bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn i\u00e7inde kendilerini bulmas\u0131 gibi.
\n8) K\u00fclt\u00fcr asimilasyonu, bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn kendi i\u00e7indeki k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc yok etmesidir. \u00c7erkes k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn T\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7inde erimesi gibi.
\n9) Emperyalist k\u00fclt\u00fcr, bask\u0131nc\u0131 bir g\u00fcc\u00fcn, ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131n kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrmesi.
\n10) K\u00fclt\u00fcrel yozla\u015fma, bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ba\u015fka bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrden olumsuz etkile\u015fmesi.<\/p>\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn tan\u0131m\u0131na k\u0131sa de\u011findik. \u015eimdi, bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ya\u015famas\u0131 hakim g\u00fcc\u00fcn elindedir. Bask\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7 kendi i\u00e7erisinde bulunan di\u011fer k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri de i\u00e7ine al\u0131p ilerlerken, di\u011feri asimilasyona u\u011frar. Frans\u0131z filozofu Alain\u2019in dedi\u011fi gibi “Aslan\u0131n v\u00fccudu yedi\u011fi di\u011fer hayvanlar\u0131n v\u00fccudundan meydana gelir ama aslan her zaman kendisidir.” Aslan tav\u015fan yemekle kula\u011f\u0131 uzamaz, geyik yemekle de boynuzu \u00e7\u0131kmaz ama yedi\u011fi her \u015feyi aslana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Evet, k\u00fclt\u00fcr de\u011fi\u015fim \u015fekillerinin \u00e7ok olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen hepsi bir s\u00fcre\u00e7ten de ge\u00e7er. Bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn ya\u015famas\u0131 i\u00e7in bask\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn olmas\u0131 gerekir. \u00c7erkeslere bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda var\u0131z ama bask\u0131n de\u011filiz. Onun i\u00e7inde t\u00fcm bask\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerden etkileniyoruz.<\/p>\n

Buna kendimizi \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterebiliriz.<\/p>\n

1) Aile i\u00e7i k\u00fclt\u00fcr: \u00c7erkes.
\n2) K\u00f6y i\u00e7i k\u00fclt\u00fcr: \u00c7erkes (k\u00f6y kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k olsayd\u0131 bundan bahsedemezdik).
\n3) Kasaba k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc: Etnik k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131.
\n4) Kent k\u00fclt\u00fcr: Etnik k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda maddi ve manevi k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin bir araya geldi\u011fi.
\n5) \u00dclke k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc: \u00dclke genelinde herkesin ortak k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc.
\n6) D\u00fcnya k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc: Bask\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lerin maddeye dayal\u0131 ortak k\u00fclt\u00fcrleridir.<\/p>\n

Aile i\u00e7inde ve k\u00f6yde \u00c7erkes k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7inde bulundum ve halen bu yap\u0131dan kopmad\u0131\u011f\u0131mdan k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131da olsa idame ediyorum. \u0130lk okula ba\u015flamakla ayr\u0131 bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrle tan\u0131ma ve daha sonralar\u0131 okul, i\u015fle ilgili ortamlarla bask\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7inde var olduk. Kendi k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm \u00e7ok g\u00fczel ama bask\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuzdan zamanla uzakla\u015fma ba\u015fl\u0131yor ve sonu\u00e7 yok olu\u015ftur. Bizim ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck kazanc\u0131 \u00c7erkes k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle hayata ba\u015flamak oldu. Yeni neslin bu imkan\u0131 yok ve hayata kent veya \u00fclke k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle ba\u015fl\u0131yorlar. Bask\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle ya\u015fama ba\u015flayan gen\u00e7lerimizden \u00c7erkes k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc bizim istedi\u011fimiz normlarda bulmam\u0131z biraz zor. Ancak, ne yersek, nas\u0131l beslenirsek de bizlerin aslan gibi \u00c7erkes oldu\u011fumuzu unutmamal\u0131y\u0131z. Bizleri ayakta tutacak, ya\u015fama ba\u011fl\u0131yacakta \u00c7erkes olmam\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bizlerin gen\u00e7lerimizden istemimiz, l\u00fctfen k\u00fclt\u00fcrel beslenmeye, yararlanmaya, iyiye, g\u00fczele ve kime ait olursa olsun faydalanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fal\u0131m ama daima kendimiz olal\u0131m. Yani \u00c7erkes kimli\u011fini unutmayal\u0131m. <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

GHUNEKHO Savsır Özbay Kültür, bir toplumun tarihsel süreç içerisinde ürettiği ve kuşaktan kuşağa aktardığı her türlü maddi ve manevi özelliklerin tümüne denir. Genel olara kendi içinde ikiye ayrılır. 1) Maddi kültür. 2) Manevi kültür. Her iki kültür kendi içinde birbiriyle ilişkili ve tamamlayıcıdır. Kültür toplumun doğal çevresinden de etkilenir. Bunun içindede değişimler gösterir. Kültür; – […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7762","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kultur-ana-sayfa","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7762","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7762"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7762\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7764,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7762\/revisions\/7764"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7762"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7762"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7762"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}