![\"\"](\"http:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/z-2013-Images-2\/740.JPG\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Prof. Dr. Acar Balta\u015f<\/strong> \u0130nsanlar\u0131n \u00f6zlerinde d\u00fcr\u00fcst oldu\u011funu, ancak ko\u015fullar\u0131n onlar\u0131 ba\u015ftan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyenler oldu\u011fu gibi; insan\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi yoldan \u00e7\u0131kmaya e\u011filimli oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyenler de vard\u0131r. Bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma grubu, konuya bilimsel bir cevap bulmak i\u00e7in insanlara zaman i\u00e7inde birden fazla hile yapma f\u0131rsat\u0131 vererek ne oldu\u011funu anlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in bilgisayar ekran\u0131n\u0131 A ve B olarak ikiye b\u00f6lerek her yar\u0131ya farkl\u0131 say\u0131da noktalar yerle\u015ftirmi\u015f ve A taraf\u0131ndaki cevaplar\u0131n 10 kat\u0131 fazla \u00f6d\u00fcl kazand\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilgisini vermi\u015flerdir. Bu, bir hekime A ve B tedavi planlar\u0131 (ila\u00e7lar\u0131) aras\u0131nda tercih yapmalar\u0131n\u0131, ancak A plan\u0131na \u00f6zel bir prim se\u00e7ene\u011finin dahil oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemekten farkl\u0131 bir durum de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n Bu ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ortaya koydu\u011fu sonu\u00e7 \u015fudur: Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya kat\u0131lanlar, hile miktar\u0131n\u0131 yava\u015f yava\u015f art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve bir noktaya gelince iyice yoldan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fczce hile yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, ayr\u0131ca bu s\u0131\u00e7raman\u0131n farkl\u0131 insanlarda farkl\u0131 zamanlarda meydana geldi\u011fini g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015fler ve buna ‘can\u0131 cehenneme’ etkisi ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015flerdir. Bizim dilimizde benzer durumlara \u00f6nce ‘bal tutan parma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yalar’ sonra da ‘batt\u0131 bal\u0131k yan gider’ dendi\u011fi bilinir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, bir noktaya kadar sayg\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015flerini korumaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor, ancak bir noktay\u0131 ge\u00e7ince her \u015feyi bo\u015f verip, ‘durumdan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca yararlanma’ yolunu tutuyor.<\/p>\n T\u00f6vbenin Yarar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Bu mekanizma sadece \u00e7\u0131karla ilgili konularla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u00d6rne\u011fin diyet yapanlar, bu duyguyu son derece iyi tan\u0131rlar. Diyete b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlukla kararl\u0131 ve s\u0131k\u0131 ba\u015flan\u0131r, sonra biraz gev\u015fer, sonra da bo\u015fverilir. \u0130nsan\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015fa son vermeye y\u00f6nelten, bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle ‘tuttu\u011fu bal\u0131 yalamaktan’ ve ‘bal\u0131\u011f\u0131 yan gitmekten’ vazge\u00e7irten bir mekanizma var m\u0131d\u0131r? Bu Katoliklerin ‘g\u00fcnah \u00e7\u0131kartmas\u0131’, Marksistlerin topluluk \u00f6n\u00fcnde yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ‘\u00f6zele\u015ftiri’ ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n ‘t\u00f6vbesi’dir. Ancak bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, her zaman beklendi\u011fi gibi i\u015flemeyebilir ve hatta tam tersine sonu\u00e7 verebilir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fcnah i\u015fler, sonra t\u00f6vbe eder (g\u00fcnah \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131r) rahatlar, sonra yeni bir t\u00f6vbeye kadar g\u00fcnahlar\u0131na devam edebilir.<\/p>\n T\u00f6vbe ettikten veya g\u00fcnah \u00e7\u0131kartt\u0131ktan sonra ki\u015fi kendisini hafiflemi\u015f ve rahatlam\u0131\u015f hisseder, yeni bir sayfa a\u00e7ar ve bu duyguyu korumak i\u00e7in bir s\u00fcre bu durumunu s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar bunu anlamak i\u00e7in kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lara bir ka\u011f\u0131t vermi\u015fler ve onlardan ‘yak\u0131n bir zamanda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc bir \u015feyi yazmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve daha sonra da bunu y\u0131rtarak \u00e7\u00f6pe atmalar\u0131n\u0131’ istemi\u015flerdir. Bundan sonra en ba\u015fta anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z uygulamay\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131nda hile miktar\u0131n\u0131n azald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, bu durumun ne kadar devam etti\u011fini ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu, insanlar\u0131n zaaflar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek ve topluma d\u00fczen getirmek i\u00e7in dini uygulamalardan g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayata uyarlanabilecek bir sonu\u00e7tur. \u00d6rne\u011fin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlerin y\u00f6neticileri, politikac\u0131lar ve kamu hizmetinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in bu t\u00fcr mekanizmalar olu\u015fturulabilir ve onlara da hizmetlerinde ve hayatlar\u0131nda yeni bir sayfa a\u00e7ma f\u0131rsat\u0131 verilebilir.<\/p>\n Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru olmayan \u015feyleri itiraf ederek yeni bir sayfa a\u00e7man\u0131n yararl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar verdi\u011fi G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019da beyazlarla siyahlar\u0131n birbirinden intikam almadan bir arada ya\u015famalar\u0131na imkan vermi\u015ftir. Ancak bu, Mandela gibi \u00e7ok istisnai bir liderin \u00f6nderli\u011finde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Benzer bir bar\u0131\u015fma uygulamas\u0131 da Kolombiya\u2019da ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fkenceci polis ve askerler, kurbanlar\u0131n ve yak\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu ve televizyondan da yay\u0131nlanan toplant\u0131larda, insanlara kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015fledikleri su\u00e7lar\u0131 olabildi\u011fince a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kla anlatarak pi\u015fmanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 dile getirmi\u015fler ve bir ‘bar\u0131\u015f s\u00fcrecinin’ ba\u015flamas\u0131nda sorumluluk alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n K\u00fclt\u00fcrel Farkl\u0131l\u0131k<\/strong><\/p>\n D\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerinde ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 hile yapmak konusunda farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterip g\u00f6stermedi\u011fi de ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 bu ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclkelerde Kanada ve \u0130skandinav \u00fclkeleri hari\u00e7 ABD, \u0130srail, \u0130talya, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayanlar, kendi \u00fclkelerinde hilenin daha yayg\u0131n olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Ariely ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n amac\u0131, ahlaki esnekli\u011fin alanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mekti. Bunun sonucunda insanlar\u0131n %15\u2019inin hilelerini ‘normal’ g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini ve hile yapt\u0131ktan sonra da kendilerini iyi hissetmeye devam ettiklerini buldular. Hile konusunda k\u00fclt\u00fcrel farkl\u0131l\u0131k, hile veya d\u00fcr\u00fcst olmayan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 alan konusunda saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin intihal konusunda baz\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrler, bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda ‘biraz’ a\u015f\u0131rmay\u0131 ho\u015f g\u00f6rebiliyor ve bunu ahlaki bir sorun olarak de\u011ferlendirmiyor. Benzer farkl\u0131l\u0131klar sadakatsizlik, sahte markal\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn kullanmak, vergi ka\u00e7\u0131rmak, internetten yasal olmayan i\u00e7erik indirmek alanlar\u0131nda da bulunmu\u015ftur. Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrler ‘bal tutan\u0131n parma\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yalamas\u0131’na g\u00f6sterilen ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcy\u00fc, konuya g\u00f6re daraltabiliyor veya geni\u015fletebiliyor. Hatta baz\u0131 durumlarda ahlak alan\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na bile \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131labiliyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin y\u00fcksek \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yolsuzlu\u011fun oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerde polise, g\u00fcmr\u00fc\u011fe veya resmi g\u00f6revlilere a\u00e7\u0131ktan ‘\u00f6deme yapmak’ normal kar\u015f\u0131lanabiliyor.<\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 grubunun ilgin\u00e7 bulgular\u0131ndan biri de \u015fu olmu\u015ftur: \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 D\u00f6rt do\u011fru cevab\u0131n bir bardak bira kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma modeli olu\u015fturulmu\u015f ve bu model Ba\u015fkent Washington\u2019da meclis personelinin, New York\u2019ta ise banka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n devam etti\u011fi barda s\u0131nanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun sonucunda banka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n daha \u00e7ok hile yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0130nsanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu hem kendini sayg\u0131de\u011fer bir birey olarak g\u00f6rmek hem de durumun sundu\u011fu imkanlardan yararlanmak e\u011filiminde. Do\u011frulu\u011fu ve d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n yollar\u0131ndan biri ‘vicdan’ e\u011fitimine zaman ay\u0131rmaktan ge\u00e7er. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u015fehirli ailelerin \u00e7ocuk yeti\u015ftirirken birinci \u00f6nceli\u011fi ‘ba\u015far\u0131’d\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131k veya \u00f6rt\u00fck ailelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun \u00f6zlemi ‘D\u00fcnyada bir konuda en iyi olacak bir insan’ yeti\u015ftirmektir. Bunun yerini ‘D\u00fcnya i\u00e7in iyi biri olacak bir insan yeti\u015ftirmek’ ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda d\u00fcnya yolsuzluk liginde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin yeri 144 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda 88’incilikten farkl\u0131 bir konuma gelecektir. Vicdanlar\u0131m\u0131z, tehlike, tehdit, haz ve \u00e7\u0131kar s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda s\u0131nan\u0131r. Rivayet o ki, bir Osmanl\u0131 pa\u015fas\u0131na \u201cSen d\u00fcr\u00fcst m\u00fcs\u00fcn diye sormu\u015flar?\u201d O da: \u201cBin alt\u0131na kadar\u201d deyince dinleyenler, cevaptaki bilgece derinli\u011fi anlayamay\u0131p \u015fa\u015f\u0131rm\u0131\u015flar. O da eklemi\u015f, \u201cEn \u00e7ok bu miktara hay\u0131r dedim\u201d. Bir antik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcn dedi\u011fi gibi \u201cHi\u00e7birimiz s\u0131nanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z g\u00fcnah\u0131n masumu de\u011filiz.\u201d<\/p>\n Kaynaklar: Prof. Dr. Acar Baltaş Platin Aylık Ekonomi Dergisi, Eylül 2014 İnsanların özlerinde dürüst olduğunu, ancak koşulların onları baştan çıkardığını söyleyenler olduğu gibi; insanın doğası gereği yoldan çıkmaya eğilimli olduğunu söyleyenler de vardır. Bir araştırma grubu, konuya bilimsel bir cevap bulmak için insanlara zaman içinde birden fazla hile yapma fırsatı vererek ne olduğunu anlamaya çalışmıştır. Bunun […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7832","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kultur-ana-sayfa","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7832","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7832"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7832\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7834,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7832\/revisions\/7834"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7832"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7832"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7832"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nPlatin Ayl\u0131k Ekonomi Dergisi, Eyl\u00fcl 2014<\/p>\n
\nGino F And,<\/strong> S, Ariel D. : Contagion and differentiation in unethical behaviour. The effect of one bad apple on the barrel. Psychological Science 2009
\nAriely D.<\/strong> : The honest truth about dishonesty. Harper Collins Pub. 2012<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"