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Ay\u015fe \u00d6v\u00fcr<\/strong> T\u00fcrklerin \u00c7erkes\/\u00c7erakis ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi Kuzey Kafkasyal\u0131 Adige halk\u0131na, Araplar fierkes\/fierakis, Bat\u0131l\u0131lar ise Kirkassien (Circassian) ad\u0131n\u0131 verirler. \u00c7erkeslerin M\u00d6 6. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan bu yana Azak Denizi\u2019ni Karadeniz\u2019e ba\u011flayan K\u0131r\u0131m Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019ndan G\u00fcrcistan\u2019a kadar uzanan ve Kafkasya diye an\u0131lan b\u00f6lgenin k\u0131y\u0131 \u015feridinde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 san\u0131l\u0131r. Bu uzun d\u00f6nem i\u00e7inde, belgelerde \u00c7erkesler i\u00e7in Sindai, Kerketai, Zikkoi, Zyghoi gibi de\u011fi\u015fik adlar kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. (1)<\/p>\n \u00c7erkeslerin M\u00d6 6. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan bu yana Kafkasya\u2019da ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir kesimi da\u011fl\u0131k olan Kafkasya, yakla\u015f\u0131k 1200 km uzunlu\u011funda,\u00a0110-180 km geni\u015fli\u011finde olan Kafkas s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131 ile kuzey ve g\u00fcney olmak \u00fczere ikiye ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Kafkas s\u0131rada\u011flar\u0131, do\u011fuda Ap\u015feron Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019ndan ba\u015flay\u0131p kuzeybat\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ilerleyerek Taman Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda son bulur. Kafkaslar \u00fczerinde en y\u00fcksek zirveler Elbruz (5642 m) ve Kazbek (5033 m) da\u011flar\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck Kafkas da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 her iki tarafa ba\u011flayan en \u00f6nemli iki ge\u00e7it ise Darial ve Derbent ge\u00e7itleridir. Tarih boyunca\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f olan Darial ge\u00e7idi, Kazbek Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n eteklerini yalayarak ge\u00e7en Terek Nehri\u2019ni takip ederek kuzeye ula\u015f\u0131rken, Derbent ge\u00e7idi daha do\u011fuda, Hazar k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na yak\u0131n bir yerdedir.<\/p>\n Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n Hazar Denizi ile Karadeniz aras\u0131ndaki co\u011frafi konumu,\u00a0kuzey ve g\u00fcney aras\u0131nda hareket eden kavimler i\u00e7in uygun bir ge\u00e7it\u00a0olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Tarih boyunca \u0130ran\u2019a y\u00f6nelen Hint-Avrupa g\u00f6\u00e7lerinin\u00a0Derbent ge\u00e7idi \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olabilece\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir.\u00a0Darial ge\u00e7idini daha \u00e7ok \u0130skitler kullanm\u0131\u015f, Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki sahil yolu ise Kimmerler ve Trererler taraf\u0131ndan tercih edilmi\u015ftir. Ticaret\u00a0yapmak i\u00e7in gelen Yunanl\u0131lar bu co\u011frafyaya Kolkhis ad\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Yunan mitolojisine g\u00f6re Alt\u0131n Post\u2019u (2) arayan Argonautlar (3) da buraya gelmi\u015f ve b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc Medeia (4) ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca \u00c7erkes tanr\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan ate\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131 Premethaj, Yunan mitolojisinin en \u00f6nemli fig\u00fcrlerinden biri olan \u201ctanr\u0131lardan ate\u015fi \u00e7alan Prometheus\u201dtur. (5) Yunan mitolojisinin ve antik\u00e7a\u011f edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Prometheus, Alt\u0131n Post ve Medeia hik\u00e2yelerinin, ticaret yapmak i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgeye gelen\u00a0Yunanl\u0131 t\u00fcccarlar taraf\u0131ndan bat\u0131ya nakledilmi\u015f Kafkasya k\u00f6kenli \u00f6yk\u00fcler\u00a0olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n Dinsel \u00c7e\u015fitlilik<\/strong><\/p>\n Bir zamanlar Kafkasya\u2019da ya\u015fayan \u00c7erkes toplumlar\u0131nda Khabze ad\u0131n\u0131\u00a0verdikleri g\u00fcndelik ya\u015fam\u0131 geleneklere uygun olarak d\u00fczenleyen kurallar\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. B\u00f6lgeden ge\u00e7en ticaret yollar\u0131 sayesinde buradaki\u00a0kavimler farkl\u0131 dinlerle tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Bunlar aras\u0131nda \u0130ran k\u00f6kenli Zerd\u00fc\u015ftl\u00fck\u00a0(Zoroastrianizm) ve Yunan tanr\u0131 k\u00fcltleri zaman zaman inan\u00e7 sistemini\u00a0etkilese de tamam\u0131yla h\u00e2kim olamad\u0131. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 4. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sonra\u00a0G\u00fcrcistan H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131kla tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve bu din zamanla baz\u0131 \u00c7erkes kabileleri\u00a0aras\u0131nda kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. 8. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Bizans\u2019tan ka\u00e7an yakla\u015f\u0131k 20\u00a0bin Yahudi’nin Kafkasya\u2019ya yerle\u015fmesi ve T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli Musevi Hazar Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kurulan ili\u015fkiler sonucu baz\u0131 \u00c7erkes kabileleri Musevili\u011fi se\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n B\u00f6lgeye olduk\u00e7a ge\u00e7 bir tarih olan 18. y\u00fczy\u0131lda gelmesine ra\u011fmen, bug\u00fcn\u00a0halk\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u0130slam’\u0131n S\u00fcnni mezhebine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130slamiyet’in\u00a0geni\u015f kitleler halinde tan\u0131nmas\u0131ndan sonra \u00c7erkes ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 \u0130slam inanc\u0131 ile birlikte y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015f ve \u0130slamiyet’in yay\u0131lmas\u0131yla Xhabze gelene\u011fi h\u0131zla etkisini kaybetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Nart Destanlar\u0131\u00a0\u00c7erkes mitolojisinin ana kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan anlat\u0131mlara \u201cNart destanlar\u0131\u201d\u00a0ad\u0131 verilir. Nart destanlar\u0131 sadece \u00c7erkes de\u011fil, neredeyse t\u00fcm Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n ortak \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Nart destanlar\u0131 Adigeler (\u00c7erkes) d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar T\u00fcrkleri, Abhaz-Abaza, Oset, \u00c7e\u00e7en-\u0130ngu\u015f ve Kumuk T\u00fcrklerinin folklorunda da yer al\u0131r. Adige ve Abhazlar\u0131n Nart destanlar\u0131 eski Yunan mitolojisiyle benzerlikler g\u00f6sterirken, Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar T\u00fcrklerinin destanlar\u0131 eski T\u00fcrk mitolojisine yak\u0131nd\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ekte kuzey Kafkasya\u2019da ya da Adige toplumunda Nart adl\u0131 bir soyun oldu\u011funa\u00a0dair somut bir bilgi olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Nartlar\u0131n \u00c7erkesler ve Kuzey\u00a0Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n ortak olarak yaratt\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc kahramanlar\u0131\u00a0oldu\u011fu g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Kafkasya ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n \u00c7erkes mitolojisinde ba\u015f tanr\u0131, evrenin yaratan\u0131 olarak tap\u0131n\u0131lan Tha\u2019d\u0131r. \u0130nan\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6re, insanlara ac\u0131yan, onlara yard\u0131m eden, sa\u011fl\u0131k veren Tha d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda daha \u00e7ok do\u011fa g\u00fc\u00e7lerini simgeleyen yard\u0131mc\u0131 tanr\u0131lar vard\u0131r. \u00c7erkes inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 di\u011fer t\u00fcm co\u011frafyalarda oldu\u011fu gibi animizm (canc\u0131l\u0131k) ve b\u00fcy\u00fcye dayan\u0131rd\u0131. \u00c7erkesler suya, ate\u015fe, bitkilere, ormanlara, kayalara, g\u00f6k g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fcne ve y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131ma tapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Adigeler ibadet, dans ve m\u00fczik e\u015fli\u011findeki bu tap\u0131nma eylemlerini, tap\u0131nak olarak kullan\u0131lan \u201ckutsal koru\u201dlarda yaparlard\u0131.<\/p>\n T\u00f6reni Thamade isimli bir rahip y\u00f6netir, Khabze kurallar\u0131na uymayanlar Tha-made\u2019ler taraf\u0131ndan cezaland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. T\u00f6ren s\u0131ras\u0131nda Tha\u2019ya yalvar\u0131l\u0131r, kurban kesme t\u00f6renleri yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. T\u00f6rene huaho denilen, anlam\u0131 olmayan s\u00f6zler ve yakar\u0131\u015flar e\u015flik ederdi. Bu yakar\u0131\u015f ve a\u011f\u0131tlar veba, \u00e7i\u00e7ek, humma ve benzeri hastal\u0131klardan ve yeni do\u011fan bebeklerin nazardan korunmas\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n Yine rivayete g\u00f6re kendisini g\u00f6rmeyi \u00e7ok az ki\u015fi ba\u015farabilir, ikinci kez g\u00f6rme giri\u015fiminde bulunanlar ise \u00f6l\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u00c7o\u011funlukla hareketsiz duran adam arada bek\u00e7ilerine \u015fu soruyu sorarm\u0131\u015f: \u201cD\u00fcnyada h\u00e2l\u00e2 kam\u0131\u015flar ve koyunlar \u00fcremekte midir?\u201d Bek\u00e7ilerin olumlu yan\u0131t vermesi \u00fczerine \u00f6fkelenirmi\u015f, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00fcnyada kam\u0131\u015flar ve koyunlar \u00fcredi\u011fi s\u00fcrece cezas\u0131n\u0131n devam edece\u011fini bilirmi\u015f. \u00dcmitsizli\u011fe kap\u0131larak kayay\u0131 par\u00e7alamak istedi\u011finde ise yer sars\u0131l\u0131r, ba\u011fl\u0131 bulundu\u011fu zincirler \u015fim\u015fek ve g\u00f6k g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc yarat\u0131r, nefesi f\u0131rt\u0131nalar olu\u015fturur ve g\u00f6z ya\u015flar\u0131 Elbruz Da\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ete\u011finde kaynayan ve k\u00f6p\u00fcrerek akan bir nehre d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f.<\/p>\n Nart destanlar\u0131nda anlat\u0131lan kahramanlar\u0131n tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131 erkeklerden olu\u015fur. Fakat bu destanlarda anlat\u0131lan bir kad\u0131n kahraman vard\u0131r ki, konumu ve sahip oldu\u011fu \u00f6zellikleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan erkek kahramanlar\u0131n hepsini g\u00f6lgede b\u0131rak\u0131r. Bu kahraman, Setenay ya da tam ad\u0131yla Setenay Gua\u015fe\u2019dir. (6)<\/p>\n Anaerkil k\u00fcltle ilgili oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lan Setenay\u2019\u0131 \u201cAna Tanr\u0131\u00e7a\u201d olarak anlatan bir metin \u015fu ana kadar elimize ge\u00e7mi\u015f olmasa da, \u00c7erkes mitolojisi Setenay\u2019\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 durumlarda ak\u0131l dan\u0131\u015f\u0131lan bilge ki\u015fi olarak tan\u0131mlar. Setenay, B\u00fcy\u00fck Nart Kurultay\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6zemedi\u011fi toplumsal sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zer. Do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklara isim koyar. O yaln\u0131zca iyi bir e\u015f ya da \u00e2\u015f\u0131k olunan g\u00fczel bir kad\u0131n de\u011fildir, ayn\u0131 zamanda iyi bir ev sahibesidir, kahramanlara yol g\u00f6sterir, \u00f6\u011f\u00fctler verir, gelece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Nart destanlar\u0131nda s\u0131k s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kan di\u011fer fig\u00fcr, tanr\u0131 Tlep\u015f\u2019tir. \u00d6nceleri ate\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131yken zamanla demirci tanr\u0131 rol\u00fc \u00fcstlenen Tlep\u015f\u2019in, tanr\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Abazin metinlerinde Setenay\u2019a ak\u0131l dan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ilgin\u00e7tir. Bu anlat\u0131lara g\u00f6re, Setenay Tlep\u015f\u2019in esin kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. S\u0131k s\u0131k Tlep\u015f\u2019in d\u00f6k\u00fcmhanesine gider, yararl\u0131 ara\u00e7lar yapmas\u0131 i\u00e7in onu \u00f6zendirir. Do\u011furmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 o\u011flu Sosr\u0131kua\u2019ya annelik eder. (7) A\u015f\u0131wa leh\u00e7esindeki Abazin metinlerinde, demirci Tlep\u015f\u2019in d\u00f6k\u00fcmhanesi ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ile anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Bu anlat\u0131lar \u00c7erkeslerin demire verdikleri \u00f6nemi g\u00f6sterir. \u00d6nceleri Tlep\u015f\u2019in \u00f6rs\u00fc ta\u015ftan, \u00e7ekici a\u011fa\u00e7tand\u0131r. S\u0131k s\u0131k Tlep\u015f\u2019in d\u00f6k\u00fcmhanesine u\u011frayan Setenay, yeni \u00f6rs ve \u00e7eki\u00e7 modelleri yapar. Tlep\u015f de bu modellerden yararlanarak \u00f6rs\u00fc ve \u00e7ekici demirden, \u00e7ekicin sap\u0131n\u0131<\/p>\n a\u011fa\u00e7tan yapar. Y\u0131lan yavrular\u0131n\u0131n boyunlar\u0131n\u0131 birbirinin \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7irerek\u00a0uyuduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren Setenay, Tlep\u015f\u2019e ellerinin yanmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in yapabilece\u011fi bir arac\u0131 esinler. Ma\u015fa ya da kerpeten b\u00f6ylece Setenay taraf\u0131ndan icat edilir.<\/p>\n A\u015f\u0131wa leh\u00e7esindeki Abazin metinlerine g\u00f6re, Setenay\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Sosr\u0131kua, Nartlara ate\u015fi getiren ki\u015fidir. Rivayete g\u00f6re, Sosr\u0131kua devin kafas\u0131n\u0131 u\u00e7urup evinden ate\u015fi kapar ve \u201cHey koca Nartlar, y\u00fcrekleri ate\u015ften Nartlar, korkmay\u0131n\u0131z, canlan\u0131n\u0131z! \u0130\u015fte size ger\u00e7ekten, ger\u00e7ek ate\u015fi getirdim,\u201d diyerek insanlar\u0131 tanr\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda cesaretlendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kabardey anlat\u0131m\u0131nda, daha \u00e7ok Tlep\u015f\u2019in insan taraf\u0131 \u00fczerinde durulur:\u00a0Bunlara g\u00f6re ya\u015fl\u0131 demirci ustas\u0131 Debe\u00e7\u2019in k\u00f6r\u00fc\u011f\u00fc geyik derisinden, k\u00f6r\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kulpu k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k a\u011fac\u0131ndan, oca\u011f\u0131 tan g\u00fcne\u015finden, k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc kuru\u00a0dikendendir. \u00c7ekici k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131mlar sa\u00e7ar. Demire g\u00fc\u00e7 yetirebilecek, ona\u00a0\u015fekil verecek kendisi gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u00e7\u0131rak arayan Debe\u00e7\u2019e ba\u015fvuran\u00a0Tlep\u015f kendisini \u201cdo\u011furmayan bir annenin o\u011flu\u201d olarak tan\u0131t\u0131r ve demircilik\u00a0sanat\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeyi ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Tlep\u015f d\u00f6k\u00fcmhanede demirlerle\u00a0konu\u015fur, onlar\u0131 istedi\u011fi \u015fekle sokar. \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken t\u0131pk\u0131 ustas\u0131 Debe\u00e7 gibi aksamaktad\u0131r. Nart destanlar\u0131nda anlat\u0131lan demirci tanr\u0131 Tlep\u015f, pek \u00e7ok \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile Yunan panteonunda yer alan Anadolu k\u00f6kenli Hephaistos\u2019a benzer.<\/p>\n Bilindi\u011fi gibi Hephaistos da demirci tanr\u0131d\u0131r ve aksakt\u0131r. Tanr\u0131lar ve kahramanlar i\u00e7in aletler, saraylar yapar. Zeus\u2019un kar\u0131s\u0131 Hera\u2019n\u0131n o\u011flu olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Hera taraf\u0131ndan tek ba\u015f\u0131na ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tlep\u015f de \u00f6yk\u00fclerde kendini anlat\u0131rken, \u201cdo\u011furmayan anan\u0131n o\u011fluyum\u201d der.<\/p>\n A\u015f\u0131wa leh\u00e7esindeki Abaz\u0131n metinlerine g\u00f6re, Setenay\u2019\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Sosr\u0131kua (Nasren), Nartlara ate\u015fi getiren ki\u015fidir. Baz\u0131 kaynaklarda Sosriquo veya Sawsrikua olarak da ge\u00e7en Sosr\u0131kua\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131 da zaten \u201cs\u0131cak \u00e7ocuk\u201d, \u201cate\u015f sa\u00e7an\u201d, \u201cyakan erkek \u00e7ocuk\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n Rivayete g\u00f6re, Sosr\u0131kua devin kafas\u0131n\u0131 u\u00e7urup evinden ate\u015fi kapar ve \u201cHey koca Nartlar, y\u00fcrekleri ate\u015ften Nartlar, korkmay\u0131n\u0131z, canlan\u0131n\u0131z! \u0130\u015fte size ger\u00e7ekten, ger\u00e7ek ate\u015fi getirdim,\u201d diyerek insanlar\u0131 tanr\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda cesaretlendirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. A\u015fkar\u0131wva leh\u00e7esinde anlat\u0131lan Abazin metinlerinde ise, ya\u015fl\u0131 ve \u00e7irkin b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc Pakue Dame, Nartlar\u0131n ate\u015fini devlere geri verir. Dev, ate\u015fi geri getirmeye da\u011flara giden Nasren\u2019i, Pakue Dame\u2019nin k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmas\u0131yla Elbruz\u2019a zincirleyip \u00e7iviler. \u00dczerine sal\u0131nan kartal, Nasren\u2019e g\u00fcn boyu i\u015fkence yapar, ci\u011ferini gagalar. G\u00fcne\u015f bat\u0131nca yaray\u0131 kanad\u0131 ile s\u0131var, yara kapan\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f do\u011funca ayn\u0131 i\u015fkence yeniden ba\u015flar. Nasren\u2019i Peterez kurtaracakt\u0131r. (8) \u00c7erkesler i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcler korkulan ve yar\u0131 tanr\u0131 ki\u015fili\u011fe sahip varl\u0131klard\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fcler k\u0131tl\u0131k getirebilir, halk\u0131 cezaland\u0131rabilir. Adige-Kabardey anlat\u0131mlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, kahraman Wuez\u0131rmes bir kad\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 a\u00e7 oldu\u011fu halde b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc Pakue\u2019ye yemek ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Nart halk\u0131n\u0131n da Pakue\u2019ye<\/p>\n yiyecek, i\u00e7ecek ve arma\u011fanlar g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Wuez\u0131rmes, Nartlar\u0131n ke\u00e7i sakall\u0131, korkak Pakue\u2019yi tanr\u0131 say\u0131p arma\u011fanlar vermelerini, ona hizmet etmelerini onuruna yediremez. Nartlar ise Pakue\u2019nin \u00fcstlerine bela ya\u011fd\u0131rmas\u0131ndan korkar. Wuez\u0131rmes\u2019in annesi, Setenay\u2019\u0131n annesi Yem\u011faze\u015f Gua\u015fe\u2019ye gider ve Wuez\u0131rmes\u2019in, Pakue\u2019nin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 u\u00e7urmaya niyetli oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Yem\u011fze\u015f Gua\u015fe, Wuez\u0131rmes\u2019e babas\u0131ndan kalan Beyaz Yele\u2019yi yeralt\u0131 ah\u0131r\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131n\u0131, eyerini demir kolonu ile almas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler ve siyah bir sand\u0131kta da her \u015feyi bi\u00e7en k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131 bulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ekler. Wuez\u0131rmes Pakue\u2019ye gider, k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekip kafas\u0131n\u0131 u\u00e7uracakken Pakue z\u0131playarak u\u00e7ar, g\u00f6klere y\u00fckselip \u00f6r\u00fcmcek a\u011f\u0131ndan bir ev yapar. Yar\u0131 tanr\u0131 Pakue ya\u011fmur ya\u011fmas\u0131n\u0131 engeller, yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki sular\u0131 kurutur, \u00fclkede kurakl\u0131 k ba\u015flar. Zor durumda kalan Wuez\u0131rmes, Setenay\u2019a ko\u015far. Setenay, beyaz yeleli at\u0131n Alp soyundan oldu\u011funu, iyice \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra \u00fc\u00e7 kez kam\u00e7\u0131 ile vuruldu\u011funda g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne u\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Wuez\u0131rmes,<\/p>\n Pakue\u2019nin \u00f6r\u00fcmcek evine ula\u015f\u0131r. Pakue\u2019yi oyuna getiren Wuez\u0131rmes k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekip ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 vurur. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde yedi hafta kanl\u0131 ya\u011fmur ya\u011far. Toprak eskisi gibi verimli olur, ekinler b\u00fcy\u00fcr, a\u011fa\u00e7lar meyve verir, yery\u00fcz\u00fc ye\u015file b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcr, kad\u0131nlar do\u011furmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n Adigeler i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015fik nedenlerle yapt\u0131klar\u0131 dini t\u00f6renler \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n \u00c7erkesler kurakl\u0131k y\u0131llar\u0131nda Hantso Gua\u015fe \u015fark\u0131s\u0131 ile ya\u011fmur duas\u0131 yapar, kaybolan hayvanlar\u0131n kurtlar taraf\u0131ndan par\u00e7alanmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel sihirli s\u00f6zler demek olan Hape\u015fc\u0131pkhe ile kurtlar\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131. Bug\u00fcn bu gelenekler ve ya\u011fmur dualar\u0131 \u0130slami inan\u00e7la birle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir ve baz\u0131 Arap\u00e7a dualar okunarak h\u00e2l\u00e2 uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Dramatize edilmi\u015f bir di\u011fer t\u00f6ren ise \u00c7ap\u015fakue\u2019dir. Yaral\u0131n\u0131n veya hastan\u0131n uyumas\u0131 halinde can\u0131n\u0131n onu terk edece\u011fine inanan \u00c7erkesler \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc a\u011f\u0131r yaral\u0131n\u0131n veya hastan\u0131n yan\u0131ndan kovmak i\u00e7in odada bulunan de\u011ferli e\u015fyalar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rlar. Odan\u0131n giri\u015fine, her gelenin birka\u00e7 kez \u00e7arpaca\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7imde saban demirleri yerle\u015ftirilir, ziyaret\u00e7iler topluca gelip hastan\u0131n yan\u0131na girdiklerinde hep birlikte y\u00fcksek sesle g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc yaparlard\u0131. Gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar t\u00f6ren elbiselerini giyip t\u00f6rene kat\u0131l\u0131r, \u00e7e\u015fitli dans ve \u015fark\u0131larla hastan\u0131n uyumamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flarlard\u0131. Bug\u00fcn bu gelenek daha yumu\u015fat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u015fekilde h\u00e2l\u00e2 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Eski Adige ayinleri ve sembolik t\u00f6renleri aras\u0131nda, dramatize edilmi\u015f bir temsil olan Aja\u011fafe ke\u00e7i dans\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6nemli bir yeri vard\u0131r. Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve tar\u0131m takvimine ba\u011fl\u0131 olan Adige hasat bayramlar\u0131 hayvan hareketlerini taklit eden Aja\u011fafe oyunlar\u0131 ile s\u00fcslenir.<\/p>\n Yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131, korkulan tanr\u0131lardan biri olan orman ve avc\u0131lar\u0131n tanr\u0131s\u0131 Mezitha\u2019ya adanan bir \u015fark\u0131 ile bitirelim:<\/p>\n \u201cSenin ad\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131yoruz Mezitha AD\u0130GELER\u0130N BA\u015eLICA TANRILARI<\/strong><\/p>\n \u015e\u0131ble: <\/strong> Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m tanr\u0131s\u0131 Psetha: <\/strong> Ruhlar tanr\u0131s\u0131 Dipnotlar Ayşe Övür Arkeolog M.A. Toplumsal Tarih Dergisi, Sayı 155, Kasım 2006 Türklerin Çerkes\/Çerakis adını verdiği Kuzey Kafkasyalı Adige halkına, Araplar fierkes\/fierakis, Batılılar ise Kirkassien (Circassian) adını verirler. Çerkeslerin MÖ 6. yüzyıldan bu yana Azak Denizi’ni Karadeniz’e bağlayan Kırım Boğazı’ndan Gürcistan’a kadar uzanan ve Kafkasya diye anılan bölgenin kıyı şeridinde yaşadıkları sanılır. Bu uzun dönem içinde, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7958","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adige-mitolojisi","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7958","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7958"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7958\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18365,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7958\/revisions\/18365"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7958"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7958"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7958"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n<\/span> Arkeolog M.A.
\n<\/span> Toplumsal Tarih Dergisi, Say\u0131 155, Kas\u0131m 2006<\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n
\nKafkas Prometheus\u2019u
\n<\/strong>
\nKafkasya mitolojisinde devler, kahramanlar ve b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fclerle ilgili hik\u00e2yeler \u00f6nemle yer al\u0131r. Kabardey b\u00f6lgesinde derlenmi\u015f ve Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n Prometheus \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc hat\u0131rlatan bir anlat\u0131ma g\u00f6re; Elbruz da\u011flar\u0131n\u0131n tepesinde, koni bi\u00e7iminde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ta\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r. Burada, sakallar\u0131 ayaklar\u0131na kadar uzanan ya\u015fl\u0131 bir adam oturur. B\u00fct\u00fcn v\u00fccudu k\u0131llarla kapl\u0131, uzayan el ve ayak t\u0131rnaklar\u0131 bir kartal pen\u00e7esine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve g\u00f6zleri akkor k\u00f6m\u00fcr gibi k\u0131pk\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r. Bo\u011faz\u0131, v\u00fccudu, elleri ve ayaklar\u0131ndan kal\u0131n bir zincire ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Mitolojiye g\u00f6re bu ya\u015fl\u0131 adam bir zamanlar b\u00fcy\u00fck Tha\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7ok yak\u0131n\u0131nda ya\u015farken kendisini devirip yerine ge\u00e7mek istemi\u015f, yenilgiye u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da kendini bu halde bulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n![](\"http:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/edebiyat\/efsaneler\/ayseovur\/02.gif\")
\nElbruz da\u011flar\u0131na zincirlenen ya\u015fl\u0131 adam, b\u00fcy\u00fck Tha\u2019n\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7mek istedi\u011fi i\u00e7in cezaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong>
\nMuk Monika Akman ar\u015fivi.<\/p>\n![](\"http:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/cc-turkiye\/edebiyat\/efsaneler\/ayseovur\/03.gif\")
\n\u00c7erkeslerin demire verdi\u011fi \u00f6nemin bir g\u00f6stergesi olarak, Nart destanlar\u0131nda demirci tanr\u0131 Tlep\u015f fig\u00fcr\u00fc \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.
\n<\/strong>Muk Monika Akman Ar\u015fivi.<\/p>\n
\nB\u0131y\u0131klar\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131l alev
\nYakar\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z da senin i\u00e7in
\nK\u0131z\u0131l i\u00e7ki (kan) ak\u0131t\u0131yoruz
\nC\u00f6mert\u00e7e, bolca
\nBu ancak sana yara\u015f\u0131r
\nAlbir ke\u00e7i kurban edildi senin i\u00e7in
\nGen\u00e7 ve do\u011furmam\u0131\u015f bir kad\u0131n\/\u00d6n\u00fcnde diz \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f
\nAk elli
\nSen ki her \u015feyi bilen!
\nG\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc me\u015fe u\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 yere e\u011fen!
\n(\u2026)
\nBa\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sallad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda
\nOrmanlar u\u011fuldar\/Eyvah!
\nO anda vah\u015fi hayvanlar inlerinde titrer
\nB\u00fct\u00fcn yakar\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z
\nMezitha i\u00e7indir…\u201d<\/p>\n
\nTlep\u015f: <\/strong> Ate\u015f ve demir tanr\u0131s\u0131
\nTha\u011falace: <\/strong> Bereket tanr\u0131s\u0131
\nMezitha: <\/strong> Orman ve avc\u0131lar\u0131n tanr\u0131s\u0131
\nWvatha: <\/strong> G\u00f6k tanr\u0131s\u0131
\nAm\u0131\u015f: <\/strong> Hayvanlar\u0131n koruyucu tanr\u0131s\u0131
\nDebe\u00e7: <\/strong> Tlep\u015f’in ustas\u0131
\nPakue Dame:<\/strong> Ya\u015fl\u0131, \u00e7irkin b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc
\nDev nine: <\/strong> T\u00fcm devlerin t\u00fcredikleri \u00e7ok ya\u015fl\u0131 bir kad\u0131n
\nKot\u0131j: <\/strong> Adalet tanr\u0131s\u0131
\nPremethaj: <\/strong> Ate\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131
\nSetenay Gua\u015fe:<\/strong> Yem\u011faze\u015f Gua\u015fe’nin k\u0131z\u0131, bilge, cesur ve g\u00fczel Nart annesi<\/p>\n
\nDO\u011eA G\u00dc\u00c7LER\u0130N\u0130 S\u0130MGELEYEN TANRISAL VARLIKLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n
\n Sew\u0131seres: <\/strong> F\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131
\n Blewus: <\/strong> Y\u0131lan tanr\u0131
\n Mer\u0131se: <\/strong> Y\u0131lan tanr\u0131s\u0131
\n Ps\u0131tha:<\/strong> Sular tanr\u0131s\u0131
\n Aytes: <\/strong> \u0130lkbahar tanr\u0131s\u0131<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>Kaynaklar
\n<\/strong>Azra Erhat, Mitoloji S\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u0130stanbul, Remzi Kitapevi, 1989.
\nUfuk Tavkul, \u201cKafkasya’da H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n izleri\u201d, T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131, (128), \u0130stanbul, 2000.
\n\u00d6zdemir \u00d6zbay, Mitoloji ve Nartlar, Kafda\u011f\u0131 Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1990.<\/p>\n
\n<\/strong>1)<\/strong> Kabardey, Abhaz, Abzekh, Bjedug, fiaps\u0131\u011f, Besleney, Hatukhoay, Ub\u0131h, Cemguy olarak an\u0131lan boy isimleri de \u00c7erkeslerle ilgilidir.
\n2)<\/strong> Antik Yunan mitolojisine g\u00f6re, Athamas\u2019\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 Phriksos ve Helle\u2019yi s\u0131rt\u0131na al\u0131p Yunanistan\u2019dan Kafkasya\u2019daki Kolkhis \u00fclkesine ka\u00e7\u0131ran kanatl\u0131 ko\u00e7un p\u00f6stekisi.
\n3)<\/strong> Yunanistan\u2019daki \u0130olkos Kral\u0131 Pelias kendisinden taht\u0131n\u0131 isteyen \u00fcvey karde\u015fi Aison\u2019un o\u011flu \u0130ason\u2019dan tahta sahip olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Kolkhis\u2019e gidip
\nAlt\u0131n Post\u2019u getirmesini ister. Bunun \u00fczerine \u00fcnl\u00fc gemi ustas\u0131 Argos\u2019a bir gemi yapt\u0131r\u0131r ve Yunanistan\u2019daki t\u00fcm g\u00f6z\u00fcpek, at\u0131lgan ve cesur erkekler bu gemiye al\u0131n\u0131r, tanr\u0131\u00e7a Athena\u2019n\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131yla yola \u00e7\u0131karlar.
\n4)<\/strong> Argonoutlar Alt\u0131n Post\u2019u almak i\u00e7in Kolkhis Kral\u0131 Aietes\u2019in kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karlar. Kral\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 Medeia \u0130ason\u2019a \u00e2\u015f\u0131k olur. B\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc Medeia, haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 merhemlerle \u0130ason\u2019un Alt\u0131n Post\u2019a sahip olmak i\u00e7in sava\u015fmak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ejderhalar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda galip gelmesini sa\u011flar.
\n5)<\/strong> Mitolojiye g\u00f6re, Titan (canavarlar) soyundan gelen Prometheus \u00e7ok zekidir ve ba\u015f tanr\u0131 Zeus ile boy \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc\u015fmeye kalkar. Ate\u015fi tanr\u0131lardan \u00e7alarak insanlara verir. Zeus da bu hareketinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Prometheus\u2019u zincirlerle bir s\u00fctuna ba\u011flayarak karaci\u011ferini bir kartala yedirir.
\n6)<\/strong> \u00c7erkes ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara g\u00f6re \u201cSetenay\u201d, Adige dilindeki \u201cse\u201d (b\u0131\u00e7ak, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7) kelimesi ile \u201ct\u0131n\u201d (vermek) fiilinin birle\u015fmesinden meydana gelmi\u015ftir ve buna g\u00f6re \u201cb\u0131\u00e7ak\/k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 veren\u201d anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.
\n7) <\/strong> Mitolojiye g\u00f6re, Setenay Bakhsan Irma\u011f\u0131 k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r y\u0131karken onu g\u00f6ren Nartlar\u0131n s\u0131\u011f\u0131rtmac\u0131 kendisine \u00e2\u015f\u0131k olur. F\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015fk oku bir ta\u015fa \u00e7arpar, ta\u015f \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye ba\u015flar. Setenay gider, ta\u015f\u0131 al\u0131r ve ete\u011fine sararak Tlep\u015f’in d\u00f6k\u00fcmhanesine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. Tlep\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7ekici ile ta\u015f\u0131 k\u0131rar, i\u00e7inden ate\u015f sa\u00e7an, kor halindeki Sosr\u0131kua \u00e7\u0131kar.
\n8)<\/strong> Peterez, \u00c7erkesce g\u00fczel burun, d\u00fcz burun demektir. Efsaneye g\u00f6re \u00e7obanlar taraf\u0131ndan bulunup b\u00fcy\u00fct\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yard\u0131mseverli\u011fi ve korkusuzlu\u011fu simgeleyen bir Kafkasya<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"