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CC Notu:<\/b> A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da makalenin yazar\u0131n\u0131 bilen okuyucular\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bizi bilgilendirmelerini rica ediyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n Nart Destanlar\u0131 Kuzey Kafkasya otokton boylar\u0131ndan olan Adigelerin di\u011fer boylarla birlikte m\u00fc\u015fterek destanlar\u0131d\u0131r. Adige deyimi i\u00e7erisinde Kabardey-Balkar \u00d6zerk Cumhuriyeti s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan \u00c7erkesler ve Adige \u00d6zerk B\u00f6lgesi’nde ya\u015fayan Adige boylar\u0131 girer. Adige halk\u0131n\u0131n atalar\u0131 olan ve antik d\u00fcnyaca \u00e7ok iyi tan\u0131nan Meot-Sind-Zikh-Kerket-Press gibi Proto \u00c7erkes boylar\u0131 M.\u00d6.V.yy.da Sind Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131’n\u0131 kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu devlet bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birli\u011fi topraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde kurulmu\u015f olan ilk devlettir.<\/span><\/p>\n Daha bu devlet ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmadan \u00f6nce Grekler Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ticaret kolonilerini olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Greklerin vu ticaret merkezleri daha sonra Antik Yunanistan’daki olu\u015fumu aynen g\u00f6stererek antiksite devletlerine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015flerdir. Pantikapey (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Ker\u00e7), Hermonacca (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Tamam), Phanagoria (Taman yar\u0131madas\u0131ndaki Seneggo k\u00f6y\u00fc yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda) bu antik-site devletlerinin ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Daha sonra geriye do\u011fru gidildi\u011finde M.\u00d6.III. binin sonlar\u0131na rastlayan, Kuban Mezar An\u0131tlar\u0131’ndan ve Maykop Kurganlar\u0131’ndan anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere bir hayli geli\u015fmi\u015f bir Proto-\u00c7erkes uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131na rastlanmaktad\u0131r. M.\u00d6. 2.bin’in sonlar\u0131na gelindi\u011finde, Kuzey Kafkasya’da demir \u00fcretimine ve y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde bir keramik \u00fcretimine rastlanmaktad\u0131r. A\u011f\u0131l ve yayla tipi hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inde koyun ve at yeti\u015ftiricili\u011fi \u00f6zel bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn art\u0131k Kuzey Kafkasya’da M.\u00d6. 1.binin ortalar\u0131nda pulluk kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu\u011fday-arpa-dar\u0131 \u00fcretiminin oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n Bu uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n geli\u015fmesi Hunlar\u0131n Bosphor Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131’na yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ak\u0131nlar, ya\u011fmalar ve katliamlar sonucu duraklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O \u00e7a\u011flarda Sind-Meot boylar\u0131n\u0131n yerle\u015fme merkezi olan Don a\u011fz\u0131, Azak Denizi k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 ile a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Kuban b\u00f6lgeleri aras\u0131nda yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan k\u00f6y ve kentler yak\u0131l\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, halk\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc tutsak edilerek g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Adige Halk\u0131n\u0131n atalar\u0131 bu talan edilen yerlerden ayr\u0131lmak zorunda kal\u0131nca, Kuban’\u0131n sol k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131 ile Karadeniz’in Kafkasya k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na yerle\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu Proto-\u00c7erkes boylar\u0131 Zikh boyu \u00e7evresinde birle\u015ferek g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir birlik olu\u015fturmu\u015flard\u0131r. (M.S.4.yy.) 10.yy. ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren Adigeler Labe \u0131rma\u011f\u0131ndan Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na kadar olan alan\u0131 i\u015fgal etmekteler ve genelde (Kosok) olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131rlar. Rus Vakan\u00fcvisleri 11.y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ortalar\u0131na dek “Kosok” ismini kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Adige boylar\u0131n\u0131n etnik kons\u00fcltasyonlar\u0131 (peki\u015ftirmeleri), olu\u015fumlar\u0131 s\u00fcreci i\u00e7erisinde epik k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri de geli\u015fme g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde Adige Halk \u00f6yk\u00fcleri, Nart Destanlar\u0131 bi\u00e7imini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Destanlar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nce sanatsal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce bi\u00e7iminin olu\u015ftu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemek hi\u00e7te yanl\u0131\u015f bir \u015fey olmaz. Puta tap\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k inanc\u0131n\u0131 koruyan ve bu inanc\u0131 onere eden \u00f6yk\u00fc ve \u015fark\u0131lardan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze dek korunabile emek ve i\u015f \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 da bu \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00c7ok say\u0131da dinsel ve oyunsal \u015fark\u0131larla yakar\u0131\u015flar de\u011fi\u015fik puta tap\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k dinlerine adanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u015e\u0131ble (g\u00f6k g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fc ve y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m tanr\u0131s\u0131) onuruna d\u00fczenlenen dinsel t\u00f6rene e\u015flik eden \u015fark\u0131 bunlar\u0131n en belirgin \u00f6zelli\u011fidir.<\/p>\n Bu \u015fark\u0131n\u0131n bir ka\u00e7 dizesini al\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n Yelle, yelle! Toplumumuzu \u00e7arpma, Tlep\u015f <\/b>(Demirciler, ate\u015f ve demir sanat\u0131 tanr\u0131s\u0131) Bu tanr\u0131lar\u0131n hemen hepsi, halk\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde eme\u011fin bir simgesidir. \u00dcretim kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n koruyucular\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu tanr\u0131lar\u0131n her birine bir Huaho adanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu Huaholar g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze asl\u0131n\u0131 koruyarak ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Orman ve avc\u0131lar tanr\u0131s\u0131 (Mezitha) onuruna s\u00f6ylenen Huahoda sanatsal bir zorlamay\u0131 da sezmekteyiz.<\/p>\n Senin ad\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131yoruz Me-zi-tha… Ayn\u0131 bi\u00e7imde bereket tanr\u0131s\u0131 Tha\u011fele\u00e7’in ad\u0131na birka\u00e7 Huaho s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir. Yoksullukla bo\u011fu\u015fan, yoksulluktan korkmayan bir emek\u00e7i gibi tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r Tanr\u0131 Tha\u011fele\u00e7.<\/p>\n Puta tap\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k d\u00f6neminin kimi tanr\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 bir geli\u015fim yolu kat ederek \u00e7a\u011f \u00e7a\u011f Adige Nart Destanlar\u0131n\u0131n kahramanlar\u0131 olmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle bu durumu Tlep\u015f tipinde izleyebiliriz. Tlep\u015f puta tap\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k yakar\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda “Ate\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131” olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Son \u00e7a\u011flarda ise Ate\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131 karakterleri giderek belirginli\u011fini yitirmi\u015ftir. Tlep\u015f’in ki\u015fil\u011fi \u00e7ift\u00e7ilere saban, \u00e7apa, kazma, orak ve i\u015f\u00e7ilere metal ara\u00e7lar sa\u011flayan bir anlam ve \u00e7izgiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu \u00e7izgi Tlep\u015f’in destanlar i\u00e7indeki geli\u015fiminin ikinci a\u015famas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc a\u015famada Tlep\u015f, demircilik sanat\u0131n\u0131n koruyucusu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. O art\u0131k Nartlar\u0131n demircisi, belli bir ya\u015fam bi\u00e7iminin s\u00f6zc\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. Giderek destanlarda zanaatkar bir tipe, insana \u00f6zg\u00fc korku ve tutkular\u0131 olan bir ki\u015fili\u011fe b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u0130nsanlar i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenen onun i\u00e7inde s\u00f6z konusudur art\u0131k. \u00d6rne\u011fin Seteney Gua\u015fe ile hakk\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lan dedikodular, nerede ise \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f insana s\u00f6ylenebilen dedikodulara benzemi\u015ftir. Adige halk\u0131 giderek kendinden sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu tipe art\u0131k Huaholar sunmaktad\u0131r. Tlep\u015f i\u015f arac\u0131 \u00fcreticisi olarak, demirin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla demircilerin piri, demircili\u011fin koruyucusu durumuna gelmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm Adige Folklorunun en ilgin\u00e7 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm bi\u00e7imlerinden biridir.<\/p>\n Proto-\u00c7erkes Halk\u0131 ve bu halk\u0131n bir boyu olan Proto-Adigeler; suya ate\u015fe, bitkilere, giz dolu ormanlara, kayalara, g\u00f6k g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fcne ve y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131ma tapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Adigelerin eski tap\u0131nma bi\u00e7imleri “Thale’u” tanr\u0131ya yalvar\u0131\u015f, belirli bir tanr\u0131 onuruna kurban kesme t\u00f6renleri ve Huaho okuma bi\u00e7iminde bir ayini kapsard\u0131. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yakar\u0131\u015f ve a\u011f\u0131ta m\u00fczikal recitatitivelerle veya Huaholarla ve bir dizi anlam\u0131 olmayan s\u00f6zlerle e\u015flik ederlerdi. Yakar\u0131\u015f ve a\u011f\u0131tlarla veba, \u00e7i\u00e7ek, humma ve benzeri hastal\u0131klardan korunmay\u0131, yeni do\u011fan bebekleri kem g\u00f6zlerden saklamay\u0131 ama\u00e7larlard\u0131. Kurakl\u0131k y\u0131llar\u0131nda Tha\u011fele\u00e7’e yap\u0131lan yakar\u0131\u015flarla “Hantso Gua\u015fe” \u015fark\u0131s\u0131 ile ya\u011fmur getirmeye u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131. Bu \u015fark\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer Kafkas boylar\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fik veryantlarla, de\u011fi\u015fik s\u00f6zlerle bug\u00fcn bile ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015fi bilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Abazince s\u00f6ylenen (Dzivara) \u015fark\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bug\u00fcn Uzunyayla’n\u0131n Abazin k\u00f6ylerinde, Hantsa Gua\u015fe \u015fark\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n Kabardey varyant\u0131n\u0131n da Kabardey k\u00f6ylerinde bilindi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Kaybolan hayvanlar\u0131n kurtlar taraf\u0131ndan par\u00e7alanmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel sihirli s\u00f6zler, “Hape\u015fc\u0131pkhe” kurt a\u011fz\u0131 ba\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlard\u0131. Bug\u00fcn bu gelenekler ve ya\u011fmur dualar\u0131 islami inan\u00e7la birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olup, kimi Arap\u00e7a dualar okunarak hala uygulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ba\u015fka bir dramatize edilmi\u015f t\u00f6ren ise “\u00c7ap\u015fakue”dir. Yaral\u0131n\u0131n veya hastan\u0131n uyumas\u0131 halinde can\u0131n\u0131n onu terk edece\u011fine inan\u0131rlard\u0131. Bu t\u00f6renle ilgili olarak F.Torneau \u015f\u00f6yle der; “\u00c7erkesler \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, a\u011f\u0131r yaral\u0131n\u0131n veya hastan\u0131n yan\u0131ndan kovmak i\u00e7in odada bulunan de\u011ferli e\u015fyalar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131rlar, odan\u0131n giri\u015finde her gelenin birka\u00e7 kez \u00e7arpaca\u011f\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde saban demirleri yerle\u015ftirilir, ziyaret\u00e7iler topluca gelip hastan\u0131n yan\u0131na girdiklerinde hep birlikte y\u00fcksek sesle g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc yaparlard\u0131. Gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlarda t\u00f6re elbiselerini giyip t\u00f6rene kat\u0131l\u0131rlar, \u00e7e\u015fitli dans ve \u015fark\u0131larla hastan\u0131n uyumamas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131rd\u0131.” Bu g\u00fcn bu gelenek daha insanc\u0131l, daha sevecen bir de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011frayarak uygulana gelmektedir. Bilindi\u011fi gibi geceleri hastan\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 daha \u00e7ok artar. Hele k\u0131r\u0131k \u00e7\u0131k\u0131k i\u00e7inde yatan bir hastan\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ile k\u0131r\u0131k kemiklerini oynatamamas\u0131n\u0131n, uyuyup olumsuz ve zararl\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, hastan\u0131n yan\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen e\u011flencelerin \u00f6nemi ve anlam\u0131 daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Eski Adige ayinleri ve sembolik t\u00f6renleri aras\u0131nda dramatize edilmi\u015f bir temsil olan “Aja\u011fafe” ke\u00e7i dans\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir yeri vard\u0131. Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve tar\u0131m takvimine ba\u011fl\u0131 Adige \u00fcr\u00fcn ve hasat bayramlar\u0131 totemizm tasavvufuna dayanan Aja\u011fafe oyunlar\u0131 ile s\u00fcslenirdi.<\/p>\n \u015eark\u0131 ve huaho’lar\u0131n ba\u015fka bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn ve evlenme t\u00f6renleri ile ilgilidir. Bu huaho’lar\u0131n genellikle gelinler \u00fczerine s\u00f6ylendi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Nartlarla ilgili Adige Destanlar\u0131 belli bir d\u00fczen ve ozanca bir \u00fcsluba ba\u011flan\u0131rken mitoloji ve masal s\u00fcjelerine ayr\u0131l\u0131rlar. Bu suje ve motifler destanlarda yeni kahramanl\u0131k bi\u00e7imleri kazan\u0131r. Kahramanl\u0131k eylemleri insan\u0131n emri alt\u0131na girerler.<\/p>\n M.\u00d6. I. binin ba\u015flar\u0131nda Meot boylar\u0131n\u0131n sosyo-ekonomik ya\u015fam\u0131nda ilgin\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fimler olmu\u015ftur. Art\u0131k yeni bir \u00e7a\u011fa gelinmi\u015ftir. Demir k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, demir saban, demir balta \u00e7a\u011f\u0131d\u0131r bu \u00e7a\u011f. Ekmek \u00fcretimi yaln\u0131z gereksinme i\u00e7in de\u011fil, bunda b\u00f6yle satmak i\u00e7in de yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Yayla besicili\u011fi, y\u0131lk\u0131 at\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve koyunculukta yeni boyutlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Demircilik ve seramik sanat\u0131 belli \u00f6zellikler g\u00f6steren ekoller haline gelmi\u015ftir. Zanaat geli\u015fmi\u015f, ticaret yeni sahalara yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu arada Sind-Meot boylar\u0131nda etnik kons\u00fcltasyon (peki\u015fme) olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Bu yeni \u00e7a\u011f halk \u015fiirinde ve sanatta yeni bir anlat\u0131m bi\u00e7imi zorlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nart destanlar\u0131n\u0131n giderek daha derli toplu bir bi\u00e7imde s\u00f6ylenmesi i\u00e7in ileriye y\u00f6nelik ilk at\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 getirmi\u015ftir. Nart destanlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu\u015fu b\u00f6yle bir ge\u00e7i\u015f d\u00f6nemine rastlamaktad\u0131r. Destanlar halk\u0131n anonim yap\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. A. Maxim Gorki’nin de belirtti\u011fi gibi ilk \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n s\u00f6zl\u00fc edebiyat\u0131nda emek\u00e7ilerin deneyimleri, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce sistemlerinin canland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fcsluplar\u0131 kolektif g\u00fcc\u00fcn uyar\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Nart destanlar\u0131 toplumsal g\u00fcc\u00fcn uyar\u0131s\u0131 bi\u00e7iminde olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. \u00d6te yandan bu destanlar halk\u0131n kahramanl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Toplum ilkel kabile yap\u0131s\u0131 kabu\u011funu de\u011fi\u015ftirirken Nartlarla ilgili olarak anlat\u0131lanlar evrensel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri de yans\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Destanlarda halk kendi amac\u0131n\u0131 ve idealini yans\u0131t\u0131rken, kendini de betimlemi\u015ftir. Sanatsal yans\u0131madaki bulgular\u0131n, Nart destanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli a\u015famalar\u0131n\u0131n yans\u0131mas\u0131 oldu\u011fu konusunda hemen t\u00fcm destan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar birle\u015fmektedir. V.I.Abaev, V.P. Semenova, E.I. Kurpanov, Prof. Yinalipa \u015ealva, Hada\u011fatle Asker, Meremkul Vlademir, \u015eortan Askerby, vd. ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n \u0131srarla belirttikleri bir \u00f6zellik vard\u0131r. “Nart Destanlar\u0131” n\u0131n anlat\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n temeli net bir bi\u00e7imde kendi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Nartlarla ilgili anlat\u0131mlarda (Matriarkal) temelden ba\u015flayarak, feodalizmin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na dek ge\u00e7en d\u00f6nemde kalma izleri ve akraba ili\u015fkilerinin anlat\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli toplumsal bi\u00e7imler i\u015flenmektedir. \u00d6zellikle ataerkil kabile organizasyonu, kendisinden sonraki k\u00f6leci toplum elementleri ile ve hatta feodalite ile katmerle\u015fi\u015f olarak a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a canland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kabile sisteminde feodalizmin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na dek ge\u00e7en d\u00f6nem destanlarda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a izlenebilir. Destanlarda ne denli anaerkil ya\u015fam izleri g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyorsa da anlat\u0131lanlardan \u00e7o\u011fu ataerkil (patriarkal) a\u015fama ile ilgilidir. \u0130lkel toplum sisteminin asker yada sava\u015f demokrasisi ad\u0131n\u0131 verebilece\u011fimiz ayr\u0131\u015fma d\u00f6nemi net bir bi\u00e7imde destan tekstlerinden izlenebilmektedir.<\/p>\n Adige halk destanlar\u0131 art\u0131k s\u00f6zl\u00fc anlat\u0131m \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok gerilerde b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn art\u0131k hi\u00e7bir halk anonim destan \u00fcretmemektedir. \u00dcretilen b\u00fct\u00fcn halk destanlar\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 edebiyata kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Adige halk destanlar\u0131nda Hada\u011ftle Asker, \u015eortan Askerby, Karden\u011fwc Zeramuk gibi yetenekli ve \u00f6zverili ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n paha bi\u00e7ilmez \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ile yaz\u0131l\u0131 Kuzey Kafkasya edebiyat\u0131n\u0131n temeli olacak bi\u00e7imde ar\u015fivlere ve kitapl\u0131klara mal edilerek yok olmaktan kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu konuda Kara\u00e7ay-\u00c7erkesli ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 Meremkul Vladimir’in bir tan\u0131mlamas\u0131n\u0131 aktarmadan ge\u00e7emeyece\u011fim. “\u0130nsano\u011flunun \u0131s\u0131nma, ayd\u0131nlanma i\u00e7in Sosrikuaya bor\u00e7lu oldu\u011fu ate\u015f varyant\u0131, binlerce y\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6tesinde, Abazin halk destanlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki Sosrikuan\u0131n ki\u015fili\u011fini ayd\u0131nlatmakta ve tarihin karanl\u0131klar\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze getirmektedir”. Ben bu tan\u0131mlamay\u0131 daha da geni\u015fleterek \u015f\u00f6yle diyorum: “Nart destanlar\u0131, binlerce y\u0131l\u0131n katmanlar\u0131 ve karanl\u0131klar\u0131 ard\u0131nda kalan Kuzey Kafkasya s\u00f6zl\u00fc edebiyat\u0131n\u0131, sanat\u0131n\u0131, folklorunu, gelene\u011fini, k\u0131sacas\u0131, Kuzey Kafkasyal\u0131lar\u0131n k\u00f6kleri binlerce y\u0131la uzanan ya\u015fam felsefesini ayd\u0131nlatarak Sosrikua’n\u0131n insanl\u0131\u011fa ate\u015f sunmas\u0131 gibi evrensel k\u00fclt\u00fcre ve \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f insana sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" CC Notu: Aşağıda makalenin yazarını bilen okuyucularımızın bizi bilgilendirmelerini rica ediyoruz. Nart Destanları Kuzey Kafkasya otokton boylarından olan Adigelerin diğer boylarla birlikte müşterek destanlarıdır. Adige deyimi içerisinde Kabardey-Balkar Özerk Cumhuriyeti sınırları içinde yaşayan Çerkesler ve Adige Özerk Bölgesi’nde yaşayan Adige boyları girer. Adige halkının ataları olan ve antik dünyaca çok iyi tanınan Meot-Sind-Zikh-Kerket-Press gibi Proto […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[34],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adige-mitolojisi","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7974","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7974"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7974\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22789,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7974\/revisions\/22789"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7974"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7974"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nG\u00fcney Bat\u0131 da akraba topluluklar olan Abhazlar\u0131n atalar\u0131 ile, G\u00fcney Do\u011fu da Alanlarla Kuzeyde Kuban’\u0131n \u00fcst taraf\u0131nda oturan Utugurlar, Bolgarlarla s\u0131n\u0131r kom\u015fusu olmu\u015flar ve bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar i\u00e7erisinde Got sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsleyebilmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
\nYelle, yelle! Ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 koru,
\nYelle, yelle! Nektar (Armut suyu) i\u00e7meyi nasip eyle,
\n<\/b>
\nBu t\u00fcr esli yap\u0131tlarda insano\u011flunun do\u011fan\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn g\u00fc\u00e7lerine kar\u015f\u0131 duydu\u011fu korku sezilmektedir. Bu \u015fark\u0131larda ritim \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Ancak, melodi ve i\u00e7erikte ayn\u0131 oranda \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Tarihsel bir de\u011feri olan koyun k\u0131rkma \u015fark\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7oban makas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sesler \u015fark\u0131n\u0131n ritmini vermektedir (koyun k\u0131rkma, ke\u00e7e d\u00f6vme, harman) gibi i\u015f \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 ile Huaholarla \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir alana yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan dinsel t\u00f6ren ve ayin \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131, \u015fiirler, bitki ve hayvan d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli tanr\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenen yakar\u0131 ve \u015fark\u0131lar, ayr\u0131ca aile t\u00f6renleri \u015fark\u0131lar\u0131 halk destanlar\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nAdige halk\u0131n\u0131n puta tap\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k d\u00f6nemi \u00e7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7ermektedir. Bu tanr\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131calar\u0131;<\/p>\n
\nAm\u0131\u015f <\/b>(Hayvanlar\u0131 koruyan tanr\u0131)
\nTha\u011fele\u00e7<\/b> (Bereket, bolluk ve \u00fcr\u00fcn tanr\u0131s\u0131)
\nMezitha<\/b> (Orman ve avc\u0131lar tanr\u0131s\u0131)
\nPs\u0131thagua\u015fe<\/b> (Denizciler, denizalt\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ve bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.)<\/p>\n
\nB\u0131y\u0131klar\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131l alev,
\nYakarlar\u0131m\u0131zda senin i\u00e7in.
\nK\u0131z\u0131l i\u00e7ki (kan) ak\u0131t\u0131yoruz,
\nC\u00f6mert\u00e7e, bolca…
\nBu ancak sana yara\u015f\u0131r,
\nAl bir ke\u00e7i kurban edildi senin i\u00e7in…
\nGen\u00e7 ve do\u011furmam\u0131\u015f bir kad\u0131n,
\n\u00d6n\u00fcnde diz \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f…
\nAk elli…
\nSenki her\u015feyi bilen!
\nG\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc me\u015fe u\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 yere e\u011fen!
\nGiysin ap-ak, kar misali,
\nDa\u011f ke\u00e7isi derisinden,
\nYata\u011f\u0131na bir dev s\u0131\u011far,
\nG\u00f6vden son g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f lakapl\u0131,
\nBoynuzlar\u0131na som g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ften k\u0131l\u0131flar giydirilmi\u015f…
\nOkun, sa\u011flam k\u0131z\u0131lc\u0131k a\u011fac\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcndendir.
\nYay\u0131n, akceviz a\u011fac\u0131ndand\u0131r,
\nBa\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sallad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda,
\nOrmanlar u\u011fuldar…
\nEyvah!.
\nO anda vah\u015fi hayvanlar inlerinde titrerler
\nB\u00fct\u00fcn yakar\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z
\nMezitha i\u00e7indir…<\/p>\n
\nEski folklora genelde animizm ve sihir-b\u00fcy\u00fc ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00fcnyadaki eski folklor de\u011ferleri ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle hayvan tipleri, canavar kahramanlar \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 ve \u00e7ok boldur. Huaho ve \u015fark\u0131lar her zaman yap\u0131sal bir geli\u015fme, d\u00fczenli bir kompozisyon g\u00f6stermezler. Ozanca bir i\u015flemde yoktur. \u0130nsan ve hayvan kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 sonucunda bu \u015fiirlerde ozanca bir \u00fcsluba rastlanmaz. Ayr\u0131ca bu \u015fiirlerde insan unsuru hen\u00fcz pasiftir. G\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn fark\u0131nda de\u011fildir. Daha ba\u015fka bir de\u011fimle olaylarda insano\u011flu hen\u00fcz bir eylem i\u00e7inde de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
\nBu toplumsal ya\u015fam bi\u00e7iminde di\u011ferine ge\u00e7ilirken bu ge\u00e7idin halk sanat\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinen bir ger\u00e7ektir.<\/p>\n