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Derleme: Soner Daur Kocsav<\/strong> M.\u00d6. 750 y\u0131llar\u0131 ve sonras\u0131nda da Hititlerin bakiyeleri olan eski \u00c7erkesler Anadolu\u2019dan Kafkasya istikametine do\u011fru geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f s\u00fcreci ba\u015flatt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Bu eski \u00c7erkeslerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00f6nce \u015fimdiki Sinop, Trabzon ve Rize dolaylar\u0131na yerle\u015ftiler.<\/p>\n Buralarda as\u0131rlarca kald\u0131ktan sonra, Karadeniz\u2019in do\u011fusu,\u00a0 Azak Denizi havalisi ve Kuban nehrinin her iki yan\u0131ndaki d\u00fczl\u00fcklerin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u00c7erkeslerin \u201cHekuj<\/b>\u201d dedikleri eski vatana do\u011fru g\u00f6\u00e7 ettiler. Konuyla ilgili olarak BERKOK<\/b> \u0130smail <\/b>\u015f\u00f6yle demektedir.<\/p>\n \u201c(\u2026) Bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u00c7erkesler Sinop civar\u0131nda oturuyorlar, Orman \u0130lah\u0131 olan Mezitha<\/b> ile Demir \u0130lah\u0131 olan Lep\u015f\u2019<\/b>e taabb\u00fct (\u0130badet) ediyorlard\u0131. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019da \u0130slam ve H\u0131ristiyan m\u00fccadeleleri ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman (M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ilk olarak Hz. \u00d6mer devrinde Kuzeydo\u011fu Anadolu b\u00f6lgesine girmi\u015flerdir) bu \u00c7erkesler dini h\u00fcrriyetlerini muhafaza etmek i\u00e7in K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Asya\u2019 dan Kafkasya\u2019ya g\u00f6\u00e7t\u00fcler. Bu muhacirler Kafkasya sahilinde ticaretle me\u015fgul olan, huzur ve s\u00fckun i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan kabilelere tesad\u00fcf ettiler, bu unsurla anla\u015f\u0131p kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar ve bu kar\u0131\u015fmadan Adige milleti v\u00fccut buldu. Bu isim Adigeko ad\u0131ndan al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu hadiseyi ba\u015fka \u015fekillerde tasvir eden baz\u0131 hikayeler daha vard\u0131r. Bunlar aras\u0131nda dikkate \u015fayan olan bir cihet, bu muhacirlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda \u201cAkhin\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan birinin bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r ve bu zat ayn\u0131 zamanda ruhani reislik de yapmaktad\u0131r.<\/b><\/p>\n Bu hikayede Akhineg ismi muvacehesinde Akhin ve Akhips kabilesini hat\u0131rlamamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir ve bu itibarla m\u00fchimdir.<\/p>\n Bu menk\u00fblat\u0131n mevzuunu te\u015fkil eden vakalar do\u011fruya yak\u0131n, hatta do\u011frudur\u201d.- \u0130smail BERKOK \u201cTarihte Kafkas\u201d Sayfa \u2013 179<\/p>\n Akhinler Kimlerdir?<\/b><\/p>\n \u201cAkhinler Kerketler\u2019in cenubunda Tuapse\u2019ye do\u011fru uzanan sahillerde oturuyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n Akhinler\u2019in men\u015feleri ve bunlar\u0131n tarihi maceralar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda Hitit ve Yunan bahislerinde izahat verilmi\u015ftir. Bu izahata g\u00f6re Yunanistan\u2019dan Kafkasya\u2019ya gelen Akhinler olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Fakat bu geli\u015fin yeni bir hicret (g\u00f6\u00e7) olmaktan ziyade bir avdet (geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f) oldu\u011funu kabul etmek zaruretindeyiz.<\/p>\n Kafkasya\u2019da ananelere g\u00f6re Akhin kabilesine atfolunan mitik bir hadise bu kabilenin Kafkasl\u0131lar\u2019ca taziz edildi\u011fini (aziz kabul edildi\u011fi) g\u00f6steriyor.\u201d \u0130smail BERKOK \u201cTarihte Kafkas\u201d Sayfa \u2013 140-141<\/p>\n Akhin ve Akhalar Ayn\u0131 Kabile<\/b><\/p>\n BERKOK\u2019un Akhin-Akhinej dedi\u011fi ruhani reis, bizim aile menk\u00fblat\u0131m\u0131zda ki k\u00f6k atam\u0131z\u00a0 Ah\u0131nej\u2019dir. Akhin-Akhips kabilesi de Akhalar olup, Kafkasya\u2019dan Anadolu\u2019ya inen ve Bat\u0131 Anadolu ile E\u011fe Adalar\u0131nda hakim olmu\u015f, eski \u00c7erkesler den oldu\u011fu kuvvetle muhtemeldir.<\/p>\n \u201cAkhalar; Kafkasya\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kan di\u011fer kas gurubu da Kolhidi\u2019den (Abhazya\u2019dan) ka\u00e7arak Anadolu\u2019ya girmi\u015fler, bat\u0131ya do\u011fru yollar\u0131na devam ederek E\u011fe B\u00f6lgesine kadar yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Bunlardan Akhaloi a\u015firetinin M.\u00d6. 2000 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ARE\u0130YEVA H\u0130T\u0130TLER\u0130 ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda E\u011fe B\u00f6lgesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck roller oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate de\u011fer.\u201d \u2013 Ali \u00c7UREY \u201cS\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin Tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00c7erkes Tarihi\u201d Sayfa 80<\/b><\/p>\n Kafkaslarda ve Kuban k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131ndaki topraklarda ya\u015fayan \u00c7erkesler, kabileler halinde yeni d\u00fczen almaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131nda, Kuzey Bat\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019daki kabileler; Wub\u0131h, Shapsugh, Natuha\u00e7 ve Abzeghlerde \u201cKoyunlar\u0131n ve boynuzlu hayvanlar\u0131n koruyucu tanr\u0131s\u0131\u201d Ax\u0131n<\/b>\u2019\u0131n bu ulu ki\u015fiye ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek gereklidir.<\/p>\n Hattilerin G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc<\/b><\/p>\n \u00c7erkes tarihinde Do\u011fu Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda, Azak Denizi\u2019nin her iki yan\u0131nda ve Kuban nehrinin k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Kuzey Hattilerin<\/b> torunlar\u0131 olan Adigelerin, (Bu isim miladi 5\u2019inci as\u0131rdan itibaren kullan\u0131l\u0131r) G\u00fcney Hattilerin<\/b> y\u00fczy\u0131llar sonras\u0131ndaki bakiyelerinin de kendilerine kat\u0131l\u0131p kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve kalabal\u0131kla\u015fmas\u0131 sonucunda yeni bir g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 olu\u015fturarak kitleler halinde Kafkas da\u011flar\u0131na do\u011fru yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131 bir d\u00f6nem vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Ah\u0131neko Yedi\u00e7 Kaj (Yed\u0131c\u0131h\u0131j) bir gurup Adige\u2019ye mihmandarl\u0131k ederek, Wub\u0131h \u00fclkesini kat edip Karadeniz\u2019e d\u00f6k\u00fclen \u015eahe ve Sase derelerinin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu vadiye, Hititlerden gelen soylulukla<\/b> yerle\u015firler.<\/p>\n Abzegh Kabilesinin Olu\u015fumu<\/p>\n <\/b> \u201cKafkasya Kabilelerinde Arma ve Damgalara \u0130li\u015fkin Hikayeler, Olaylar\u201d \u00a0M\u0131s\u0131r- 1865 Bulak Matbaas\u0131 bas\u0131ml\u0131 Osmanl\u0131ca kitab\u0131n yazar\u0131 Bjedughlu Tl’ap’\u00a0 El Hac Mustafa Mahir Efendi, Yedic Kaj\u2019la ilgili \u015fu bilgileri aktar\u0131r;<\/p>\n \u201cYedic Kaj; <\/b>Bu kabile Abzegh kabilelerinin en b\u00fcy\u00fcklerindendir. \u0130lk defa olarak \u00c7erkes sahras\u0131na sakin olan budur. \u015ehagua\u015fe ad\u0131ndaki nehrin yan\u0131ndaki bir vadide otururlar.\u201d<\/p>\n \u201cMez\u0131tha\u2019n\u0131n (Yedi\u00e7 Kaj – Yed\u0131c\u0131h\u0131j) Kusmez ve Vezdem\u0131r ad\u0131nda iki o\u011flu olur.\u00a0 Ku\u015fmez\u2019\u0131n<\/b>; An\u00e7ok, Be\u015fuk, Janket,\u00a0 Vezdem\u0131r\u2019in;<\/b> Yedi\u00e7, Yenemuk, Davur ve B\u0131\u011fad\u0131r ad\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n Zamanla bu \u00e7ocuklardan birer a\u015firet olu\u015fur ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar gelirler.<\/p>\n Hititlerden gelen soylulukla daha sonra Abzeh ad\u0131n\u0131 alacak kabileyi thamatelerle birlikte y\u00f6netirler\u201d\u00a0 – Edip CANKAT.\u00a0 \u201cAbzeh Tarihi\u201d adl\u0131 bas\u0131lma haz\u0131r kitap<\/b><\/p>\n Semen EBADZE \u201c\u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n Rus\u2019lar Taraf\u0131ndan \u0130\u015fgali Kafkas Rus Sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n Son D\u00f6nemi\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131n 9. sayfas\u0131nda konuya ili\u015fkin \u015fu tespiti yapar; \u201cAbzeghlerin k\u00f6keni iki aileye Ka\u00e7mez<\/b> (Ku\u015fmez \u2018orman\u0131n be\u015fi\u011fi\u2019) ve Vozdem\u0131r<\/b>\u2019e dayanan yedi ana soya ayr\u0131l\u0131yordu. Halk\u0131 bu aile temsilcileriyle birlikte, se\u00e7ilmi\u015f thamadeler y\u00f6netiyordu.\u201d<\/p>\n Uzun y\u0131llar Kafkasya\u2019da ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve g\u00f6revi icab\u0131 1820 y\u0131l\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne kadar ge\u00e7en 40 y\u0131ldan fazla bir s\u00fcre Adige etnolojisi hakk\u0131nda da ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapm\u0131\u015f Leonti LYULYE (1805 -1862) \u201c\u00c7erkesya\u201d<\/b> adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n\u0131n 56. Sayfas\u0131nda bu konuya ili\u015fkin \u015f\u00f6yle demektedir; <\/b>Abzeghlerde asilzade aileleri g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde\u00a0 \u015funlard\u0131r:\u00a0 1) Be\u015fok (Be\u015fuk),\u00a0 2) Yedige (Yedi\u00e7), 3) \u0130nemok (Yenemuk),\u00a0 4) Cankiat (Cankat-Janket),\u00a0 5) Ants\u00fcok (An\u00e7ok),\u00a0 6) B\u0131\u011fad\u0131r,\u00a0 7) Daur (Davur)<\/p>\n Abzeghler aras\u0131nda bu yedi soyun p\u0131\u015f\u0131 mertebesinde Vark payesi ile onurland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 bilinmektedir. Yani Abzegh Varkleri feodalitenin kat\u0131 olarak ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kabardey ve t\u00fcrevi kabilelerindeki Varklerden ayr\u0131 stat\u00fcde idiler. Bunlar p\u0131\u015f\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 iken Abzegh Varklerinin p\u0131\u015f\u0131s\u0131 yoktu. \u00dclkeyi di\u011fer thamadelerle birlikte y\u00f6netirlerdi<\/p>\n Tespit etti\u011fim kadar\u0131yla Ka\u00e7mez-Ku\u015fmez ve Vezdemir ger\u00e7e\u011fini \u0130zzet AYDEM\u0130R \u201cG\u00f6\u00e7\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda, Barasbi BAYTU\u011eAN\u2019da 1964 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan Birle\u015fik Kafkasya Dergisi\u2019nin birinci say\u0131s\u0131ndaki makalesinde, Dr. Ufuk TAVKUL \u201cKafkasya Ger\u00e7e\u011fi\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda beyan etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n Miladi 7 yy.\u2019da Adige \u00fclkesinin co\u011frafyas\u0131 yan\u0131nda, idari yap\u0131s\u0131nda da yeni olu\u015fumlar meydana gelmi\u015ftir. Art\u0131k t\u00fcm Adige \u00fclkesinin hakimi Cemguylar\u0131n p\u015f\u0131s\u0131 (prensi)<\/i> P\u015f\u0131meyap\u015f (prensler prensi)<\/i> Bolatuka\u2019d\u0131r. <\/p>\n Soyluluk ve Vark Xabze<\/b><\/p>\n \u201cVark: Soylu, asil, nob\u0131l demektir. \u2018Vark Xabze\u2019 diye bilinen Adige t\u00f6resi ayn\u0131 zamanda kabilede ahlak ve terbiye sembol\u00fc olarak kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u00d6zellikle Abzeghler aras\u0131nda varkl\u0131k \u00f6yle bir r\u00fctbe, \u00f6yle asalet unvan\u0131d\u0131r ki, onlarda p\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k payesi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, p\u0131\u015f\u0131 mertebesinde kabul edilerek h\u00fcrmet ve itaat g\u00f6r\u00fcrlerdi.<\/p>\n Soylular\u0131n Karakteri Muharebede daima d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 ilk g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsleyenler olmak i\u00e7in ordunun \u00f6n\u00fcnde giderler, muharebe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde de ordunun g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in arkadan gelirlerdi.<\/p>\n Bu kadar faziletleri ile beraber bir \u201cvarkl\u0131k imtiyaz\u0131\u201d pe\u015finde ko\u015fmazlar. Ak\u0131l, tedbir, sadakat ve cesareti g\u00f6stermeye mecbur olup, nefsini her \u015feyden mahrum tutarlar. Zul\u00fcm yapmaz ve yapt\u0131rmazlar. Her \u015feyi sulh ile hallederler ve icab\u0131 halinde kabilenin ilgisine taalluk eden \u015feyler de, halk\u0131n i\u00e7inde bir k\u00f6yl\u00fc neferi, sade bir adam gibi davranarak, kendi nefsinde hi\u00e7bir imtiyaz g\u00f6rmezler.<\/p>\n Abzeghler de varkl\u0131k ebedi ve ananevidir. Ger\u00e7i belli bir alametleri resmi bir elbiseleri \u201cgiysi\u201d yoktur. Ama herkes onlar\u0131 soyadlar\u0131ndan ve damgalar\u0131ndan (arma) tan\u0131rlar.\u201d – Edip CANKAT. \u201cAbzegh Tarihi\u201d adl\u0131 bas\u0131ma haz\u0131r kitab\u0131ndan.<\/p>\n <\/span> Adige Xabze\u2019nin Son Hali ve Son Otorite<\/b><\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 Sultan\u0131 ikinci Mahmut taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6nderilen madalya ve maa\u015f sahibi Selker\u00ee Muhammed YED\u0130\u00c7, Adige milletinin sosyolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi ink\u0131laplar\u0131n ve Ruslarla ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015flar\u0131n etkisiyle tarihinin en zor g\u00fcnlerini ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde Bat\u0131 Adigelerine \u00f6nderlik yapm\u0131\u015f bir zat olarak tarihe ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Adigeler aras\u0131nda \u00c7ale\u00e7eriyeko Degu olarak bilinirdi.<\/p>\n \u00c7erkes adetlerine g\u00f6re, hemen hemen her \u00fc\u00e7 senede bir, gere\u011finde ise daha evvelde \u00c7erkesya\u2019n\u0131n ileri gelenleri toplanarak toplumsal konularda, \u00f6rf adetlerde de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yani reformlar yaparlard\u0131. 19 yy da sava\u015flar dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Adige toplumu i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olan t\u00f6reler her 25 y\u0131lda bir toplanan kurultaylarda g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilir, zamana uydurularak yeniden kabul edilir olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n Son kurultay\u0131 toplama ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 \u00c7aleceriyeko\u2019ya aitti. 1828 y\u0131l\u0131nda ki bu toplant\u0131da adet ve geleneklere son sekli verildi. O zamandan beri bir daha bu ama\u00e7la bir toplant\u0131 yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki adet ve gelenekler<\/b> \u00c7aleceriyeko Degu\u2019nun ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurultaydan kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u015eimdilerde Adige xabze olarak bilinen Adige t\u00f6resi \u00f6nceleri vark xabze olarak bilinir ve s\u00f6ylenirdi. T\u00f6renin koyucusu, koruyucusu ve la\u011fvedicisi bunlard\u0131. Bunu yaparken di\u011fer Adige thamadelerinin de katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve deste\u011fini al\u0131rlard\u0131. Ancak, \u00c7ale\u00e7eriyeko Degu ve emsali b\u00fcy\u00fcklerin 1850’li y\u0131llarda art\u0131k yok olmas\u0131yla \u00fclkenin genel y\u00f6netimindeki etkileri k\u0131r\u0131lan Adige asilzadelerinin yinede her t\u00fcrl\u00fc toplant\u0131da ba\u015fk\u00f6\u015feye ge\u00e7me, sa\u011fda yer alma ve sofra thamadeli\u011fi gibi imtiyazlar\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ayr\u0131cal\u0131klarda gen\u00e7 varklar nezdinde neredeyse sona erdirilmi\u015f ve bu uygulamalar sonucu meydana gelen keyfi uygulamalara kar\u015f\u0131 halkta tepkiler olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Varklar ile P\u015filerin Tav\u0131r Fark\u0131<\/b><\/p>\n Bu gibi bat\u0131l d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve davran\u0131\u015flar ma\u011frur Abzeghleri incitmeye ba\u015flay\u0131nca, L\u0131\u015fe Pa\u011fkopal nam\u0131ndaki bir Abzegh\u2019in \u201cBenden ya\u015fl\u0131 Varklara sa\u011f\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131k, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcklere asla\u201d diyerek ilk isyan bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f. Bundan sonra Abzegh thamadeleri toplanarak Varklar hakk\u0131nda, ellerinde ki b\u00fct\u00fcn mallar\u0131n ve imtiyazlar\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015flerdir. Buna mukabil varklar bu isyankar davran\u0131\u015flara g\u00fcler y\u00fczle ve tatl\u0131 s\u00f6zle kar\u015f\u0131 gelmi\u015fler ve kayna\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/b><\/p>\n Varklar b\u00fct\u00fcn bu davran\u0131\u015flara ald\u0131rmadan, Tfekoltler ile birlikte ya\u015fam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Hi\u00e7bir zaman di\u011fer kabile \u201cp\u015fileri\u201d gibi Ruslara s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak tenezz\u00fcl\u00fcnde bulunup kendi halk\u0131na sava\u015f a\u00e7mam\u0131\u015f ve daima xabzenin inceliklerine sar\u0131larak kendilerini sayd\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n Evlilik ve Demokrasi<\/b><\/p>\n Bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar s\u0131ras\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir asilzade halk\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kurban\u0131 olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hatta asilzade erkeklerin halktan insanlarla evlilik birli\u011fi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur; ancak yine de hi\u00e7bir asilzade k\u0131z\u0131 halktan bir erkekle evlenmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Bat\u0131 Adigelerinde demokratik toplumun olu\u015fumu yava\u015f yava\u015f ve hissedilir sars\u0131nt\u0131lar olmadan ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.\u201d Leonti Yakovlevi\u00e7 LYULYE \u2018\u00c7erkesya\u2019\u00a0 (Sayfa 57-58)<\/b><\/p>\n Kaynaklar:<\/span><\/b> Derleme: Soner Daur Kocsav Kaynak temini ve derleme: YENEMUK Mehmet Mahir M.Ö. 750 yılları ve sonrasında da Hititlerin bakiyeleri olan eski Çerkesler Anadolu’dan Kafkasya istikametine doğru geri dönüş süreci başlattılar. Bu eski Çerkeslerin bir kısmı önce şimdiki Sinop, Trabzon ve Rize dolaylarına yerleştiler. Buralarda asırlarca kaldıktan sonra, Karadeniz’in doğusu, Azak Denizi havalisi ve Kuban nehrinin 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\nKaynak temini ve derleme: YENEMUK Mehmet Mahir <\/span><\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nBunlar kabilenin b\u00fcy\u00fckleri olduklar\u0131 halde son derece al\u00e7ak g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc, nazik, merhametli, \u015fefkatli, c\u00f6mert, cesur ve sab\u0131rl\u0131 olurlar. B\u00fcy\u00fck bir izzet-i nefis sahibidirler. \u00c7ok s\u00f6ylemezler, her hadiseyi s\u00fckun ve dikkatle dinlerler.<\/p>\n
\n– \u0130smail BERKOK \u201cTarihte Kafkasya\u201d
\n– Ali \u00c7UREY \u201cS\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin Tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00c7erkes Tarihi\u201d Sayfa 80
\n– \u201cKafkasya Kabilelerinde Arma ve Damgalara \u0130li\u015fkin Hikayeler, Olaylar\u201d \u00a0M\u0131s\u0131r- 1865 Bulak Matbaas\u0131 bas\u0131ml\u0131 Osmanl\u0131ca kitab\u0131n yazar\u0131 Bjedughlu Tl’ap’\u00a0 El Hac Mustafa Mahir Efendi
\n–<\/span> Edip CANKAT.\u00a0 \u201cAbzeh Tarihi\u201d adl\u0131 bas\u0131lma haz\u0131r kitap<\/span>
\n– Leonti LYULYE (1805 -1862) \u201c\u00c7erkesya\u201d sayfa 56<\/span>
\n– \u201cAdige Aile Damgalar\u0131<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/b><\/span> Prof. P\u015f\u0131b\u0131y \u0130nal<\/span>, \u00c7ev: Erg\u00fcn Y\u0131ld\u0131z, Kara\u00e7aevsk -1996<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"