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Vildan Selvil <\/span><\/b><\/p>\n Hititlerde \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir mitolojiden s\u00f6z etmek olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Hitit efsaneleri \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc o bir \u015fekilde Hurri, Hatti ve Mezopotamya etkisinde kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hititlerden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelen efsanelerde bu etki a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Ancak bir ba\u015fka ger\u00e7ek de Hitit efsanelerinin Yunan mitolojisine kadar s\u00fcreklili\u011fini korudu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelen belli ba\u015fl\u0131 Hitit mitoslar\u0131na g\u00f6z atarsak bu etkileri daha iyi g\u00f6rebiliriz.<\/p>\n Kaybolan Tanr\u0131 Efsaneleri Buna g\u00f6re bir tanr\u0131 can\u0131 isterse \u00e7ekip gidebiliyordu. Ancak tanr\u0131n\u0131n gitmesiyle ona ba\u011fl\u0131 olan do\u011fa olaylar\u0131 da etkileniyordu.<\/p>\n Ele ge\u00e7en metinlerden biri de F\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n o\u011flu Telipinu\u2019nun kaybolmas\u0131 ile ilgili oland\u0131r. Hatti k\u00f6kenli bu efsanenin kahraman\u0131 Telipinu asl\u0131nda bir tar\u0131m tanr\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. Tohum ekmek, tarla s\u00fcrmek, sulamak, \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yeti\u015ftirmek ve toplamak gibi tar\u0131m i\u015fleri ile ilgilidir. Do\u011fal olarak bu tanr\u0131n\u0131n kaybolmas\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn hayat\u0131 etkilemi\u015ftir. Farkl\u0131 versiyonlardan derlenen efsanenin ilgin\u00e7 bir konusu vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Tanr\u0131 o kadar sinirlidir ki elbisesini ve ayakkab\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ters giyecek kadar sinirlenmi\u015ftir ve f\u0131rlar gider. Tanr\u0131n\u0131n gitmesiyle beraber \u00fclkede her \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fir. S\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ba\u015flar:<\/p>\n \u201cPencereleri sis doldurdu, evi duman doldurdu. Ocakta odunlar bo\u011fuldu, a\u011f\u0131lda koyunlar bo\u011fuldu. Koyun kuzusunu istemedi, inek buza\u011f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 istemedi. (\u2026) Arpa ve bu\u011fday yeti\u015fmez oldu, s\u0131\u011f\u0131rlar koyunlar ve insanlar gebe kalmad\u0131lar, gebe kalanlar ise do\u011furmad\u0131lar. Da\u011flar kurudu, a\u011fa\u00e7lar kurudu ve \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u00e7maz oldu; otlaklar kurudu, kaynaklar kurudu.\u201d En sonunda F\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n akl\u0131na o\u011flu Telipinu gelir ve iyi olan her \u015feyi al\u0131p g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yler, ve y\u00fcksek da\u011flarda Telipinu\u2019yu aramas\u0131 i\u00e7in kartal\u0131 g\u00f6nderir. Ancak kartal Telipinu\u2019yu bulamaz. O zaman b\u00fct\u00fcn tanr\u0131lar\u0131n annesi tanr\u0131\u00e7a Hannahanna F\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131\u2019na bizzat aramas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Ancak f\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131 da ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamaz. Hannahanna en sonunda bir ar\u0131 g\u00f6nderir. Ar\u0131 sonunda tanr\u0131y\u0131 bulur ve onu sokarak uyand\u0131r\u0131r (bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm de\u011fi\u015fik versiyonlarda farkl\u0131d\u0131r). Telipinu daha da \u00f6fkelenir . En sonunda bir ayin yaparak \u00f6fkesini dindirmeye karar verilir. Bu i\u015fi b\u00fcy\u00fc tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Kamru\u0161epa yapar:<\/p>\n \u201cEy tanr\u0131lar gidin! \u015eimdi tanr\u0131 Hapantali i\u00e7in G\u00fcne\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n koyunlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fcn. (\u2026) Telipinu hiddeti b\u0131rak. \u00d6fkeyi b\u0131rak. K\u00fcsk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc b\u0131rak. Ve kanaldaki su nas\u0131l geriye akmazsa, Telipinu\u2019nun hiddeti, \u00f6fkesi ve k\u00fcsk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde geri gelmesin. (\u2026) Telipinu\u2019nun hiddeti, \u00f6fkesi, g\u00fcnah\u0131 ve k\u00fcsk\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gitsin. Ev onu b\u0131raks\u0131n. \u0130\u00e7indeki ondan kurtulsun. Pencere ondan kurtulsun. Mente\u015fe (ondan kurtul)sun. \u0130\u00e7 avlu ondan kurtulsun. \u015eehir kap\u0131s\u0131 ondan kurtulsun. Kap\u0131 ondan kurtulsun. Kral yolu ondan kurtulsun. Meyve bah\u00e7esine, tarlaya ya da ormana o girmesin. (Karanl\u0131k) topra\u011f\u0131n G\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yoluna o gitsin. Kap\u0131c\u0131 yedi kap\u0131y\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131. Yedi (kap\u0131) s\u00fcrg\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7ekti. Karanl\u0131k topra\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131nda bronzdan palhi kaplar\u0131 durur. Kapaklar\u0131 kur\u015fundand\u0131r. Tutamaklar\u0131 ise demirdendir. \u0130\u00e7lerine giren bir \u015fey, bir daha geri \u00e7\u0131kamaz. \u0130\u00e7lerinde mahvolur. Bundan dolay\u0131 onlar Telipinu\u2019nun hiddeti, \u00f6fkesi, g\u00fcnah\u0131 ve k\u00fcsk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yakalas\u0131n ve onlar (buraya) geri d\u00f6nmesin.\u201d<\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7ta bu b\u00fcy\u00fc etkili olur . (Ba\u015fka versiyonda bu b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fc bir insan yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.) Telipinu\u2019nun \u00f6fkesi diner ve evine d\u00f6ner. B\u00f6ylece ortakl\u0131k yat\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve eski haline d\u00f6ner.<\/p>\n Bu efsaneye \u00e7ok benzeyen bir de F\u0131rt\u0131na Tanr\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kaybolmas\u0131 efsanesi vard\u0131r. Ancak ikisini ayn\u0131 efsanenin de\u011fi\u015fik anlat\u0131mlar\u0131 olarak kabul edebiliriz.<\/p>\n Bu efsanelerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda G\u00fcne\u015f Tanr\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n, Hannahanna\u2019n\u0131n ve ba\u015fka tanr\u0131lar\u0131n da kaybolu\u015f mitoslar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Ancak bunlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 efsanelerin farkl\u0131 yorumlar\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebiliriz.<\/p>\n Bu konuya dahil edebilece\u011fimiz ilgin\u00e7 bir motif de Ay\u2019\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fme mitosudur. Hatti k\u00f6kenli bu mitosun bir ay tutulmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolksa farkl\u0131 bir rit\u00fcelden mi bahsetti\u011fi bilinmemektedir:<\/p>\n \u201c Ka\u015fku (Ay tanr\u0131s\u0131) g\u00f6kten d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u015eimdi o Kilammar (tap\u0131nak) \u00fcst\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ancak onu kimse g\u00f6rmedi. \u015eimdi tanr\u0131 (G\u00f6k\/F\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131) onun arkas\u0131ndan ya\u011fmur sald\u0131. Ve arkas\u0131ndan ya\u011fmur sa\u011fanaklar\u0131 g\u00f6nderdi.Onu korku ald\u0131. Hapantalli a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya onun yan\u0131na gitti, o zaman onunla konu\u015ftu. Gidiyor musun? Ne yap\u0131yorsun?\u201c<\/p>\n \u0130lluyanka Efsanesi \u201cBug\u00fcn Anadolu halk masallar\u0131 i\u00e7inde, \u0130lluyanka ile devlerin sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fleyen bir \u00e7ok \u00f6yk\u00fcler, ger\u00e7ek\u00fcst\u00fc olaylar vard\u0131r. Y\u0131lanlarla kartallar\u0131n sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren b\u00fct\u00fcn masallar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 budur. Kimine g\u00f6re \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir devdir \u0130lluyanka. Yaln\u0131z ad\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f, Anadolu T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’sinde ejder olmu\u015ftur. Halk ona ejderha diyor. (\u2026) \u0130lluyanka ba\u015fka ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerin halk anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131na, dini inan\u0131\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6re nitelikler kazanm\u0131\u015f. Anadolu’da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u0131lan olarak nitelendirilen \u015eahmeran, onunla ilgili olalar, bo\u011fu\u015fmalar bu eski\u00e7a\u011f anadolu masal\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe u\u011fram\u0131\u015f kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. \u201c \u201cNerik \u015fehri F\u0131rt\u0131na Tanr\u0131s\u0131 [Merhemli rahibi] Kella\u2019ya g\u00f6re (bu) g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcn F\u0131rt\u0131na Tanr\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n [\u2026] i\u00e7in Purulli (festivali) metnidir (s\u00f6zleridir). Onlar \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015ftuklar\u0131nda : \u201c\u00dclkede b\u00fcy\u00fcme (bolluk) ve geli\u015fme (bereket) olsun. Ve e\u011fer (ger\u00e7ekten \u00fclkede) b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve geli\u015fme olursa, onlar Purulli festivalini kutlar.\u201c<\/p>\n Efsane bu s\u00f6zlerden sonra dev y\u0131lan Illuianka\/\u0130lluyanka ile F\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sava\u015f\u0131 ile ba\u015flar ve F\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131 yenilir. Bunun \u00fczerine F\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn tanr\u0131lar\u0131 toplar ve yard\u0131m ister.<\/p>\n Tanr\u0131\u00e7a \u0130nara buna bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr ve bir festival d\u00fczenler. Daha sonra tanr\u0131\u00e7a Ziggarata \u015fehrine giderek burada Hupa\u0161iia ad\u0131nda bir \u00f6l\u00fcml\u00fc ile anla\u015f\u0131r ve plan\u0131n anlat\u0131r. Hupa\u0161iia, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda tanr\u0131\u00e7a ile yatmak ko\u015fulu ile bunu kabul eder.<\/p>\n \u0130nara daha sonra s\u00fcslenerek y\u0131lan \u0130lluianka\u2019n\u0131n deli\u011fine gider ve onu festivale \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131r. Deli\u011finden \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ile \u00e7\u0131kan \u0130lluianka oradaki i\u00e7kilerin \u00e7o\u011funu i\u00e7er ve sarho\u015f olur, hatta deli\u011fine de geri d\u00f6nmek istemez. Hupa\u0161iia y\u0131lan\u0131 bir ip ile ba\u011flar. F\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131 da \u0130lluianka\u2019y\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece F\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n sorunu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130nara ise Hupa\u0161iia i\u00e7in Tarukka \u015fehrinde kaya \u00fczerine bir ev in\u015fa eder ve onu oraya yerle\u015ftirir. Ancak kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmemesi i\u00e7in Hupa\u0161iia\u2019n\u0131n pencereden bakmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklar. Ancak yirmi g\u00fcn ge\u00e7ince Hupa\u0161iia pencereden bakarak kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve \u0130nara\u2019ya eve d\u00f6nmek istedi\u011fini s\u00f6yler. \u0130nara da Hupa\u0161iia\u2019\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Bu efsanenin ele ge\u00e7en bir versiyonu daha vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu versiyonda da efsane, \u0130lluianka\u2019n\u0131n F\u0131rtana tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yenmesi ile ba\u015flar. Ancak bu kez \u0130lluianka F\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kalbini ve g\u00f6zlerini de al\u0131r. \u201cF\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131 ona (o\u011fluna) s\u00fcrekli olarak \u015f\u00f6yle emreder : \u00abKar\u0131n\u0131n evine (ya\u015famaya) gitti\u011finde (ba\u015fl\u0131k paras\u0131 olarak) kalbi(mi) ve g\u00f6zleri(mi) onlardan iste.\u00bb\u201c<\/p>\n O\u011flu F\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n istedi\u011fini yapar ve g\u00f6zleri ile kalbini geri al\u0131r. Bunun \u00fczerine yeniden \u0130lluianka ile d\u00f6\u011f\u00fc\u015fe tutu\u015fur. Ancak bu kez o\u011flu da y\u0131landan yanad\u0131r.<\/p>\n F\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131 \u0130lluianka\u2019y\u0131 ve kendi \u00f6z o\u011flunu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Bu iki versiyonda da ortak nokta F\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131lan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesidir. Bu efsane daha da \u00f6nce belirtti\u011fimiz gibi farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerde farkl\u0131 \u015fekillerde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kumarbi Efsanesi<\/p>\n <\/b>Hurri k\u00f6kenli bu efsane, daha sonra Yunan mitolojisinde de izleri g\u00f6r\u00fclecek ilgin\u00e7 bir efsanedir.<\/p>\n Bu destan bir ka\u00e7 kompozisyon halinde i\u015flenmi\u015ftir. Ancak tablelerin \u00e7o\u011funda b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131r\u0131klar oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in par\u00e7a par\u00e7a g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze gelmi\u015ftir. \u201c\u0130lk (eski) tanr\u0131lar, (\u2026) kuvvetli tanr\u0131lar i\u015fitsinler: (\u2026) Ge\u00e7mi\u015f y\u0131llarda Alalu (g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnde) kral idi. Alalu tathta oturuyordu ve tanr\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6nde geleni, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc Anu, (hizmet\u00e7i olarak) onun huzurunda duruyordu. O, (Alalu\u2019nun) ayaklar\u0131na kapan\u0131yor ve i\u00e7ki kaplar\u0131n\u0131, i\u00e7mek i\u00e7in, onun eline veriyordu.\u201c<\/p>\n Ancak bu durum \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcrmez. Alalu g\u00f6kte dokuz y\u0131l krall\u0131k yapar. Anu, Alalu\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklan\u0131r ve onu yenerek a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya, karanl\u0131k topra\u011fa g\u00f6nderir ve tahta ge\u00e7er. Bu kez Kumarbi ona hizmet etmeye ba\u015flar. \u201c Anu, Kumarbi\u2019nin el ve ayaklar\u0131ndan kendini s\u0131y\u0131rd\u0131 ve ka\u00e7t\u0131. Anu, g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. (Fakat) Kumarbi onun arkas\u0131ndan ko\u015ftu. Anu\u2019nun ayaklar\u0131ndan yakalad\u0131 ve Anu\u2019yu g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcnden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya \u00e7ekti. (Kumarbi Anu\u2019nun) dizini (bel alt\u0131n\u0131) ve bronza benzer Kumarbi\u2019nin karn\u0131na biti\u015fik erkeklik organ\u0131n\u0131 \u0131s\u0131rd\u0131. Kumarbi, Anu\u2019nun erkekli\u011fini yutunca, o sevinde ve y\u00fcksek sesle g\u00fcld\u00fc. Anu d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve Kumarbi\u2019ye (\u015f\u00f6yle) s\u00f6ylenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131: Anu b\u00f6yle diyerek g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne gizlenir. Kumarbi ise hemen t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fcr ve daha sonra da Nippur \u015fehrine gider. Kumarbi burada do\u011fum i\u00e7in aylar\u0131 sayar ve tanr\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fcnyaya getirir. Metinin buralar\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u0131r\u0131k oldu\u011fundan efsanenin bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm hakk\u0131nda ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgimiz yoktur. Ancak \u00e7\u0131kan tanr\u0131lar da sava\u015fa tutu\u015furlar. En kuvvetlisi Te\u015fup\u2019tur. Hatta Te\u015fup bo\u011fas\u0131 \u0160eri\u2019ye \u015f\u00f6yle der : K\u0131r\u0131k par\u00e7alardan Anu\u2019nun Kumarbi\u2019nin \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesini istemedi\u011fini \u00f6\u011freniyoruz. Ayr\u0131ca yery\u00fcz\u00fc de hamiledir ve ay saymaktad\u0131r ve tabletin sonunda iki \u00e7ocuk do\u011furur.<\/p>\n Tabletlerin k\u0131r\u0131k olmas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden efsanenin tam bir versiyonu elimizde yoktur. Yaln\u0131z anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar, efsane Mezopotamya k\u00f6kenlidir. Hitilere Hurriler yoluyla girmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Metnin Hesiodos\u2019un Theogonia\u2019s\u0131yla benzerli\u011fi dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. Hesiodos\u2019un bu efsaneleri Anadolu\u2019dan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilinir. G\u00fcterbock (bkz. Kaynak\u00e7a) ise bunlar\u0131n Hesiodos\u2019a Fenikeliler yoluyla da ge\u00e7ebilece\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekmektedir.<\/p>\n G\u00fcterbock Kumarbi ismini ise \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u201cBu tanr\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131 hakik\u00ee Hurrice’dir: Sondaki \u2013bi, Hurrice aidiyet eki \u2013ve\u2019dir. Kumar s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn cins ismi mi yoksa yer ad\u0131 m\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve Kumar adl\u0131 \u015fehrin nerede aranaca\u011f\u0131 bilinmiyor.\u201c<\/p>\n G\u00fcterbock ayn\u0131 zamanda Allau-anu ve Anu-Kumarbi, aras\u0131nda baba o\u011ful il\u015fkisi olabilece\u011finin de alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmektedir.<\/p>\n K\u00f6ken ne olursa olsun bu efsane Hihitlerde, daha do\u011frusu anadolu\u2019da bir nalam kazanm\u0131\u015f ve belki de \u201cYunan Mucizesi\u201d denilen safsatan\u0131n do\u011fu\u015funda rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ullikummi \u015eark\u0131s\u0131 Burada bir parantez a\u00e7\u0131p, \u201c\u015fark\u0131\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczerinde durmak gerekmektedir. Din\u00e7ol bunu \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n \u201cYabanc\u0131 k\u00f6kenli metinlerin bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi, onlar\u0131n anadolu k\u00f6kenliler gibi ayinler i\u00e7inde yer almamas\u0131, ba\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde belirtildi\u011fi gibi birer ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u015fark\u0131 say\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eark\u0131 terimi bu t\u00fcr edebiyat \u00fcr\u00fcnleri i\u00e7in Orta\u00e7a\u011f\u2019a kadar kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir s\u00f6zc\u00fckt\u00fcr. Germen efsanelerinden en \u00fcnl\u00fcs\u00fcne Neibelungen \u015eark\u0131s\u0131 denildi\u011fi ak\u0131ldan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu bak\u0131mdan, \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn destan anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemekte bir sak\u0131nca yoktur.\u201c<\/p>\n \u015eark\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131ktan sonra efsanenin konusuna bakabiliriz : \u201cKumarbi akl\u0131n\u0131 toparlar (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr). U\u011fursuz bir g\u00fcnde k\u00f6t\u00fc bir insan yeti\u015ftirir. O Te\u015fup\u2019a kar\u015f\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck planlar. O Te\u015fup\u2019 a kar\u015f\u0131 bir asi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. (\u2026) (Kumarbi) eline bir asa ald\u0131. [Ayaklar\u0131na ayakkab\u0131 olarak] h\u0131zl\u0131 r\u00fczgarlar\u0131 koydu. O Urki\u0161 \u015fehrine yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve So\u011fuk P\u0131nar\u2019a vard\u0131. \u015eimdi So\u011fuk P\u0131nar\u2019da bir kaya bulunur : onun boyu \u00fc\u00e7 fersah ve geni\u015fli\u011fi (\u2026) ve yar\u0131n fersaht\u0131r. Onun vaginas\u0131 ise [(\u2026) fersaht\u0131r. Onu g\u00f6r\u00fcnce] akl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndan f\u0131rlad\u0131 ve o kaya ile sevi\u015fti. Erkeklik organ\u0131n\u0131 onun i\u00e7ine bat\u0131rd\u0131. O be\u015f kez oldu. O on kez oldu.\u201c<\/p>\n Tabletteki k\u0131r\u0131klardan metnin devam\u0131 tam anla\u015f\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r ancak, Deniz tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yard\u0131m etti\u011fini ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun do\u011fdu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenebiliyoruz.<\/p>\n Kumarbi bu \u00e7ocu\u011fa Ullikummi ad\u0131n\u0131 verir:<\/p>\n \u201cKumarbi kendi kendine s\u00f6ylenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131: Kader tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131 ve ana tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131n bana verdi\u011fi \u00e7ocu\u011fa ne isim koyaca\u011f\u0131m. (\u2026) Vars\u0131n onun ismi Ullikummi olsun. O krall\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne gitsin. G\u00fczel Kummiia \u015fehrini s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rs\u0131n. Te\u015fup\u2019a vursun. Onu saman gibi do\u011fras\u0131n. Onu bir kar\u0131nca [gibi] ayaklar\u0131 ile ezsin.\u201c<\/p>\n Ullikummi s\u00f6zc\u00fck olarak Kummiia\u2019n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Kummiia ise F\u0131rt\u0131na Tanr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kentidir. Metinden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi Kumarbi bu do\u011fan \u00e7ocu\u011fun Te\u015fup\u2019tan kendi intikam\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131n\u0131 beklemektedir.<\/p>\n Kumarbi, bu \u00e7ocu\u011fun Te\u015fup\u2019un haberi olmadan yeti\u015fmesi i\u00e7in gizler, nacak g\u00fcne\u015f tanr\u0131 vbu s\u00fcratle b\u00fcy\u00fcyen ve canavarla\u015fan \u00e7ocu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve Te\u015fup\u2019a haber verir.<\/p>\n Te\u015fup erkek karde\u015fi Ta\u0161mi\u0161u ve k\u0131z karde\u015fi \u0160au\u0161ga ile Hazzi da\u011f\u0131na gider ve canavar\u0131 bulur. Ancak Ullikummi alt edilebilecek gibi de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n K\u0131r\u0131k tabletlerden anla\u015f\u0131labildi\u011fi kadar\u0131 ile Te\u015fup sava\u015f haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sava\u015fa tutu\u015fur, ancak ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamaz. Ta\u015f canavar Ullikummi Te\u015fup\u2019u ve yan\u0131ndaki yetmi\u015f tanr\u0131y\u0131 yener.<\/p>\n Te\u015fup\u2019un karde\u015fi Ta\u0161mi\u0161u yenilginin haberibi Te\u015fup\u2019un kar\u0131s\u0131 Hepat\u2019a bildirir ve yeniden Te\u015fup\u2019un yan\u0131na d\u00f6ner. Ta\u0161mi\u0161u, Te\u015fup\u2019a tanr\u0131 Ea\u2019dan yard\u0131m istemesini s\u00f6yler. \u0130ki karde\u015f Ea\u2019ya gederler. Tablet buralarda k\u0131r\u0131kt\u0131r. Ancak onlar\u0131 Ubelluri ile konu\u015furken buluruz. Ubelluri Atlas gibi d\u00fcnyay\u0131 s\u0131rt\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131yan bir devdir. Ullikummi de onun omuzunda b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ubelluri sa\u011f omzunda bir \u015fey oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyince Ullikummi\u2019nin orada b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve Ea eski tanr\u0131lara seslenir : Ullikummi\u2019nin ayaklar\u0131 kesilince g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fcz kal\u0131r. Te\u015fup ve tanr\u0131lar Ullikummi ile sava\u015fmaya ba\u015flar. Metnin sonu k\u0131r\u0131kt\u0131r ama burada Te\u015fup\u2019un zaferinin anlat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n Bu efsane de Yunan mitolojisindeki baz\u0131 motifleri an\u0131msatmaktad\u0131r. Vildan Selvil Hititlerde özgün bir mitolojiden söz etmek oldukça güçtür. Hitit efsaneleri çok güçlü o bir şekilde Hurri, Hatti ve Mezopotamya etkisinde kalmıştır. Hititlerden günümüze gelen efsanelerde bu etki açıkça görülmektedir. Ancak bir başka gerçek de Hitit efsanelerinin Yunan mitolojisine kadar sürekliliğini koruduğudur. Günümüze gelen belli başlı Hitit mitoslarına göz atarsak bu etkileri daha iyi 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\n<\/b>
\nDaha \u00f6nce de belirtti\u011fimiz gibi, Hititler bir \u00e7ok do\u011fa olay\u0131n\u0131 tanr\u0131lara ba\u011flamakta, ancak onlar\u0131, insan \u015fekilli (antropomorfik) olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmekteydiler.<\/p>\n
\nTanr\u0131n\u0131n gidi\u015fi o kadar etkili olmu\u015ftu ki di\u011fer tanr\u0131lar da bundan etkilenmi\u015fti, hatta b\u00fct\u00fcn tanr\u0131lar\u0131n kat\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 bir ziyafette yiyip i\u00e7melerine ra\u011fmen a\u00e7l\u0131k ve susuzluklar\u0131 ge\u00e7memi\u015fti. Bu pasaj\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde olabilir , burada tanr\u0131lar\u0131n yemesi ve i\u00e7mesi kendilerine sunulan sunular olabilir, ancak bu sunular\u0131n fayda etmedikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n
\nTelipinu\u2019nun Kara\u0161-hububatlar\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirebilmem i\u00e7in on iki ko\u00e7 se\u00e7in.
\nBin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck deli\u011fi olan bir sepeti kendim i\u00e7in ald\u0131m.
\nVe onun \u00fcst\u00fcne ben kara\u0161-hububat\u0131 ve Kamru\u0161epa\u2019n\u0131n ko\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6kt\u00fcm. Ve ben Telipinu\u2019nun \u00fczerinde, \u015furas\u0131nda buras\u0131nda ate\u015f yakt\u0131m.
\nVe onun k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc Telipinu\u2019nun v\u00fccudundan ald\u0131m.
\nOnun g\u00fcnah\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131m.
\nOnun k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131m.
\nOnun hiddetini ald\u0131m.
\nOnun darg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131m.
\nOnun k\u00fcsk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ald\u0131m.<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nHatti k\u00f6kenli en \u00f6nemli mitoslardan biri de F\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131 ile y\u0131lan aras\u0131ndaki sava\u015ft\u0131r. Bu mitosun izleri daha sonra kendini Apollon ya da Saint George mitoslar\u0131nda da g\u00f6sterir. Belki de izleri daha da derindir . Bu konuda \u0130smet Zeki Ey\u00fcbo\u011flu \u015f\u00f6yle yazmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\nBaz\u0131 yorumcular bu efsanede s\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en y\u0131lan\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi motifinin bahar\u0131n, k\u0131\u015f\u0131 yenmesi \u015feklinde yorumlanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015flerdir. B\u00fct\u00fcn k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerde hemen hemen tanr\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131lan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesi motifi olmas\u0131 bize bu sembol\u00fcn ezoterik bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 da olabilece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrtmektedir.
\nBu efsane, bahar bayram\u0131 olan Purulliya\u015f t\u00f6renleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda da anlat\u0131l\u0131yordu. Ele ge\u00e7en tabletlerde efsane \u015f\u00f6yle ba\u015flar:<\/p>\n
\nF\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131 daha sonra fakir bir adam\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 ile evlenir ve bir o\u011flu olur. O\u011flan b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u0130lluianka\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r. F\u0131rt\u0131na tanr\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6c\u00fcn\u00fc alman\u0131n pe\u015findedir:<\/p>\n
\nBu efsane , Hesiodos\u2019un Theogonia\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 and\u0131racak bi\u00e7imde tanr\u0131 soyar\u0131ndan bahsetmektedir.<\/p>\n
\nAnu da dokuz y\u0131l boyunca tahtta kal\u0131r. Dokuzuncu y\u0131lda bu kez Kumarbi Anu\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklan\u0131r ve onunla sava\u015fmaya ba\u015flar. Anu, Kumarbi\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 koyamaz, ka\u00e7ar:<\/p>\n
\n\u00abErkekli\u011fimi yuttu\u011fun i\u00e7in kendi i\u00e7inden seviniyor musun? Kendi kendine sevinme! Ben sana y\u00fck (tohum) y\u00fckledim. \u0130lk olarak soylu F\u0131rt\u0131na Tanr\u0131s\u0131 ile seni a\u015f\u0131lad\u0131m (gebe b\u0131rakt\u0131m). \u0130kincisi dayan\u0131lmaz Aranzah nehriyle seni a\u015f\u0131lad\u0131m. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc soylu Ta\u0161mi\u0161u ile seni a\u015f\u0131lad\u0131m. \u00dc\u00e7 deh\u015fet tanr\u0131y\u0131 ben sana bir y\u00fck olarak yerle\u015ftirdim.\u201c<\/p>\n
\n\u201c(Art\u0131k kim benim) kar\u015f\u0131ma kavga etmeye gelebilir? (\u015eimdi beni kim) yenebilir? Kumarbi bile (bana kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kamaz)\u201c<\/p>\n
\n<\/b>
\nUllikummi \u015eark\u0131s\u0131 , konu olarak Kumarbi efsanesinin devam\u0131nda Te\u015fup\u2019un krall\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ge\u00e7mektedir.<\/p>\n
\nAnla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re Kumarbi yenilmi\u015f ve tahtta Te\u015fup oturmaktad\u0131r. Ancak Kumarbi bunu hazmedemez:<\/p>\n
\n\u201cEski s\u00f6zleri bilen ilk tanr\u0131lar s\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc duyun. Eskiden, babadan, b\u00fcy\u00fckbabadan olan m\u00fch\u00fcr evlerini tekrar a\u00e7\u0131n. Ecdad\u0131m\u0131n m\u00fch\u00fcrlerini getirsinler. Onu orada m\u00fch\u00fcrlesinler. Yery\u00fcz\u00fc ve g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc ay\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 (kestikleri) bak\u0131rdan eski kesici aleti getirsinler. Biz, Kumarbi\u2019nin bir asi olarak tanr\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcceltti\u011fi (b\u00fcy\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc) bazalt Ullikummi\u2019nin ayaklar\u0131n\u0131 kesece\u011fiz.\u201c<\/p>\n
\nHitit mitolojisini de k\u0131r\u0131k tabletlerle g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fan ba\u015fka efsaneler de vard\u0131r. Biz burada en \u00f6nemlilerini ald\u0131k. \u0130leride bunlara da yer verebilece\u011fimizi ummaktay\u0131z. Yulaf ya da \u00e7avdar olabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"