{"id":8601,"date":"2024-03-10T20:51:13","date_gmt":"2024-03-10T17:51:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/?p=8601"},"modified":"2025-08-21T22:38:31","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T19:38:31","slug":"wubihca-ve-wubihlar-uzerine-uc-soylesi-ve-bazi-bilgiler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wubihca-ve-wubihlar-uzerine-uc-soylesi-ve-bazi-bilgiler\/","title":{"rendered":"WUBIH\u00c7A VE WUBIHLAR \u00dcZER\u0130NE \u00dc\u00c7 S\u00d6YLE\u015e\u0130 VE BAZI B\u0130LG\u0130LER"},"content":{"rendered":"

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu s\u00f6yle\u015fi, daha \u00f6nce \u201cJineps\u201d gazetesinde (say\u0131 23 Ekim 2007) yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f,\u00a0 \u015fimdi eksik kalm\u0131\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ekleme ve Adigece’si ile birlikte yeniden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 Di\u011fer iki s\u00f6yle\u015fi de Adigeceleri ile birlikte verilecektir.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: Sizi tan\u0131yabilir miyiz?<\/p>\n

HAKURNE K\u0131ymet Se\u00e7kin: 1920’de Manyas’\u0131n Dar\u0131ca k\u00f6y\u00fcnde do\u011fdum, 87 ya\u015f\u0131nday\u0131m. G\u00f6nen Derek\u00f6y’de b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fcm. Ad\u0131m K\u0131ymet. Babam\u0131 anne karn\u0131ndayken yitirdim, \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc, Hakurne (Abzegh) idi, Wub\u0131h\u00e7a da konu\u015furmu\u015f. Annem Derek\u00f6y’den bir K’em\u00e7’\u0131\/Wub\u0131h\u00a0 idi ama Wub\u0131h\u00e7a bilmezdi. Gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta dul kalan annem, Dar\u0131ca’dan G\u00f6nen Derek\u00f6y’e d\u00f6nd\u00fc ve G\u00f6nen Karalar\u00e7iftli\u011fi k\u00f6y\u00fcnden, Gogen ailesinden bir Wub\u0131h i\u00e7g\u00fcveyi ald\u0131, biri k\u0131z iki karde\u015fim ondan do\u011fdu. 1947’de Dar\u0131ca k\u00f6y\u00fc yak\u0131n\u0131nda ve bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Adige olan S\u00fcleymanl\u0131 k\u00f6y\u00fcne, Wub\u0131h Ze\u015fu ailesine gelin gittim, e\u015fim 1988’de \u00f6ld\u00fc, sadece Adigece biliyordu, \u015fimdi Band\u0131rma’da oturuyorum.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: Manyas’ta Wub\u0131h\u00e7a konu\u015fan ya da bilen k\u00f6yler hangileriydi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

HAKURNE K\u0131ymet Se\u00e7kin: Wub\u0131h\u00e7a Manyas’ta, Bo\u011faz<\/strong> denilen, g\u00fcneybat\u0131ya, da\u011fa do\u011fru gidildik\u00e7e daralarak y\u00fckselen bir vadideki be\u015f k\u00f6yde bilinirdi. Bu k\u00f6ylerin sadece ikisi s\u0131rf Adige, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc de\u00a0 Adige-Manav\/T\u00fcrk karma k\u00f6y\u00fc idi, ancak \u00c7erkes ve Manav mahalleleri ayr\u0131yd\u0131. Bo\u011faz d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olan Wub\u0131h k\u00f6yleri Wub\u0131h\u00e7a bilmez, sadece Adigece konu\u015furlard\u0131. Adige n\u00fcfus \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu olan Wub\u0131h k\u00f6ylerindeki Manavlar Wub\u0131h\u00e7a’y\u0131 bilmezlerdi ama Adigece\u2019yi bilirlerdi.<\/p>\n

Adigeler Manavlar\u0131n Bo\u011faz dedikleri vadiye “Ps\u0131\u015fha”, <\/strong>bu vadide akan \u0131rma\u011fa Manavlar “\u00c7ay”, Adigeler ise “K’ey Ps\u0131”<\/strong> demektedirler. Ps\u0131\u015fha vadinin g\u00fcneybat\u0131da, y\u00fcksekte olan b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn, “Ps\u0131k’e” <\/strong>de \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n kuzeydo\u011fuya do\u011fru yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcme, Manyas Ovas\u0131’na verilen add\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Wub\u0131h\u00e7a, K’ey Ps\u0131 boyunca, ova bitiminden yukar\u0131ya do\u011fru s\u0131ralanan Hac\u0131yakup<\/strong> (hepsi Wub\u0131h), Dar\u0131ca (\u015fimdi 200 hane i\u00e7inde 20 kadar\u0131 Wub\u0131h), I\u015f\u0131klar<\/strong> (\u015fimdi 5-10 hanesi Wub\u0131h, gerisi Manav) ve De\u011firmenbo\u011faz\u0131<\/strong> k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcn (eskiden hepsi Wub\u0131h, \u015fimdi de \u00e7o\u011fu Wub\u0131h) Adige ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan biliniyor ama art\u0131k konu\u015fulmuyordu. Vadideki son k\u00f6y olan Hac\u0131osman<\/strong>‘da ise, \u00e7ocuklu\u011fum ve gen\u00e7 k\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131m d\u00f6neminde, Wub\u0131h\u00e7a ya\u015fl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda konu\u015fuluyordu.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: Bildikleri halde, baz\u0131 Wub\u0131h ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131 ni\u00e7in Wub\u0131h\u00e7a konu\u015fmuyorlard\u0131?<\/p>\n

HAKURNE K\u0131ymet Se\u00e7kin: Bilmiyorum, o zamanlar \u00f6yle \u015feyler akl\u0131m\u0131za gelmiyordu, dil denildi\u011finde,\u00a0 sadece T\u00fcrk\u00e7e konu\u015fmaya zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 an\u0131ms\u0131yorum. Her y\u0131l, y\u0131lda bir ay kadar Hac\u0131osman’da babaannemlerde, ayr\u0131ca yine Dar\u0131ca ve De\u011firmenbo\u011faz\u0131 k\u00f6ylerinde evli ve Wub\u0131h\u00e7a konu\u015fan halalar\u0131m\u0131n yan\u0131nda kal\u0131rd\u0131m ama Wub\u0131h\u00e7a \u00f6\u011frenmeyi ak\u0131l edememi\u015fim. Ayr\u0131ca Wub\u0131h\u00e7a as\u0131l ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m G\u00f6nen’de konu\u015fulan bir dil de\u011fildi. S\u0131k s\u0131k Hac\u0131osman’da bulundu\u011fumdan, kulak dolgunlu\u011fu bi\u00e7iminde Wub\u0131h\u00e7a s\u00f6ylenenleri az \u00e7ok anlamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m ama sonradan bu \u00f6\u011frendiklerimi de unuttum. Wub\u0131h\u00e7a\u2019y\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmedi\u011fim i\u00e7in \u015fimdi pi\u015fmanl\u0131k duyuyorum. O g\u00fcnlerden bir an\u0131 olarak, benim i\u00e7in s\u00f6yledikleri “Aphed\u0131k’u ane\u015f\u00fc”<\/strong> (Cici K\u0131z) gibi birka\u00e7 s\u00f6zc\u00fck kald\u0131.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: Wub\u0131h\u00e7a nas\u0131l bir dildi?<\/p>\n

HAKURNE K\u0131ymet Se\u00e7kin: Wub\u0131h\u00e7a, Adigece’den farkl\u0131, anla\u015f\u0131lmayan ya da anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7ok zor olan bir dil idi. Adigece ile ayn\u0131ym\u0131\u015f gibi olan s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin bile fakl\u0131 anlamlar\u0131 oluyordu.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: Peki, hi\u00e7 Wub\u0131h\u00e7a \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6ylendi\u011fine tan\u0131k oldunuz mu?<\/p>\n

HAKURNE K\u0131ymet Se\u00e7kin: Evet, Hac\u0131osman’da akrabam ve bir sarayl\u0131 olan Fehime Dz\u0131be<\/strong> Wub\u0131h\u00e7a \u015fark\u0131lar s\u00f6ylerdi. <\/strong>Ayr\u0131ca imece yoluyla ot bi\u00e7ilirken, m\u0131s\u0131r \u00e7apalamalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve eve\u00a0 gelin getirilirken, erkekler taraf\u0131ndan toplu halde \u015fark\u0131lar s\u00f6ylenirdi. Ancak bu \u015fark\u0131lar hangi dilde s\u00f6ylenirdi, an\u0131msayam\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: Ps\u0131k’e dedi\u011finiz Manyas Ovas\u0131’nda ve G\u00f6nen’de de Wub\u0131h k\u00f6yleri var, bu k\u00f6yler hi\u00e7 Wub\u0131h\u00e7a bilmezler miydi?<\/p>\n

HAKURNE K\u0131ymet Se\u00e7kin: Bildiklerini duymad\u0131m, konu\u015ftuklar\u0131na\u00a0 da tan\u0131k olmad\u0131m, yak\u0131ndan bildi\u011fim G\u00f6nen’deki Wub\u0131hlar, Wub\u0131h\u00e7a\u2019y\u0131 hi\u00e7 bilmiyorlard\u0131, sadece Adigece\u00a0\u00a0 konu\u015fuyorlard\u0131.\u00a0 Wub\u0131h\u00e7a \u00e7ok az bir insan taraf\u0131ndan bilinen bir dildi, herkesin bildi\u011fi ve konu\u015ftu\u011fu dil Adigece\u2019ydi.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: Konuklar nerede ve nas\u0131l a\u011f\u0131rlan\u0131rd\u0131?Adige olmayanlar da k\u00f6ylere gelirler miydi?Dilenciler nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131rd\u0131?<\/p>\n

HAKURNE K\u0131ymet Se\u00e7kin: Akrabalar\u00a0 evde, di\u011ferleri k\u00f6y\u00fcn “ha\u00e7’e\u015f”inde (konukevi) a\u011f\u0131rlan\u0131rd\u0131. Derek\u00f6y’deki tek ha\u00e7’e\u015f de\u00a0 bizim bah\u00e7emizdeydi. Konuk,\u00a0 at\u0131 elinde y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek k\u00f6ye girer, ha\u00e7’e\u015f’e \u00f6yle gelirdi, at\u0131 olmayanlar da gelirlerdi. O zamanlar Wub\u0131hlar aras\u0131nda “Ts\u2019etlek\u2019uatle” (aylak, avare) dedi\u011fimiz ki\u015filer \u00e7oktu. Bunlar\u0131 da 10-15 g\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131kad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z olurdu.<\/p>\n

Manavlar aras\u0131nda at\u0131 olan\u00a0 yok gibiydi, sadece beylerinin at\u0131 olurdu, di\u011ferleri semerli hayvanlara, e\u015fe\u011fe binerlerdi. Onlar da k\u00f6y ha\u00e7’e\u015f’inde a\u011f\u0131rlan\u0131rd\u0131.\u00a0 Dilenciler k\u00f6ye al\u0131nmazd\u0131. Dar\u0131ca’da , jandarma vard\u0131 ve dilencileri k\u00f6ye sokmazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: Manavlarla ili\u015fkileriniz nas\u0131ld\u0131?<\/p>\n

HAKURNE K\u0131ymet Se\u00e7kin: Eskiden iyi imi\u015f. Cumhuriyet\u2019ten sonra, baz\u0131lar\u0131,\u00a0 “Cumhuriyet Manavla \u00fcst\u00fcne guruldu”<\/strong> diyerek \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck taslamaya, kimilerini Dar\u0131ca’da “\u00c7erkes\u00e7e konu\u015fuyor”<\/strong> diyerek gizlice\u00a0 jandarmaya\u00a0 bildirip d\u00f6vd\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Macirler de babam\u0131 hapse att\u0131rd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: Nas\u0131l oldu bu i\u015f, anlat\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z?<\/strong><\/p>\n

HAKURNE K\u0131ymet Se\u00e7kin: Meras\u0131 (xhupvo) b\u00fcy\u00fck diye G\u00f6nen Derek\u00f6y’e, galiba 1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda olacak,\u00a0 25 hane Osman Pazarl\u0131 Bulgar Maciri (g\u00f6\u00e7men)\u00a0\u00a0 getirildi. Her bir haneye meradan 25 d\u00f6n\u00fcm verimli siyah arazi verildi. Bizim \u00e7o\u011fumuzun\u00a0 o kadar bir\u00a0 topra\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bile yoktu. Erkeklerimizin pazar i\u00e7in k\u00f6yden G\u00f6nen’e gitti\u011fi bir g\u00fcn, k\u00f6y meras\u0131n\u0131 kad\u0131n erkek\u00a0 toplan\u0131p s\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar;me\u011fer\u00a0 oras\u0131n\u0131 sezdirmeden aralar\u0131nda\u00a0 b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015fler.\u00a0 Bunu g\u00f6ren bizden bir kad\u0131n\u0131n haber vermesi \u00fczerine, k\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fcz kad\u0131nlar\u0131, hep birlikte kazma ve k\u00fcreklerle \u00fcstlerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcler ve onlar\u0131 meradan kovdular. Erkek olarak, aralar\u0131nda\u00a0 iki ki\u015fi vard\u0131, biri\u00a0 babamd\u0131. “Kad\u0131nlardan sopa yedik” diyemediklerinden, \u015fehirde birilerinden\u00a0 ak\u0131l al\u0131p babam ve arkada\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in “Cumhuriyete\u00a0 k\u00fcfrettiler” deyip yalanc\u0131 tan\u0131klar g\u00f6sterdiler. Babam ve arkada\u015f\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7er ay hapis yatt\u0131lar. O zamanlar ben \u00e7ocuktum ama olay\u0131 an\u0131ms\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

Kendilerine g\u00fcvenmedi\u011fimizden Manav ve Macirleri i\u00e7imize sokmazd\u0131k.<\/p>\n

\u015e\u00fck\u00fcr, art\u0131k b\u00f6yle \u015feyler kalmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z-\u00c7ocuklu\u011funuz d\u00f6nemi ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019dan gelmi\u015f olmal\u0131lar, Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 anlat\u0131rlar m\u0131yd\u0131?<\/p>\n

HAKURNE K\u0131ymet Se\u00e7kin-\u00c7ocukluk d\u00f6nemimde Kafkasya\u2019dan gelme ya\u015fl\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7oktu, Kafkasya s\u00f6z\u00fc a\u011f\u0131zlar\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 d\u00fc\u015fmez, durmadan Kafkasya\u2019dan s\u00f6z ederlerdi.<\/p>\n

\u0423\u0411\u042b\u0425\u041c\u042d \u042f\u0425\u042c\u042b\u041b\u0410\u0413\u042a\u042d\u0423 \u0413\u0423\u0428\u042d1\u042d\u0413\u042a\u0423\u0418\u0429<\/strong><\/p>\n

I<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0414\u0416 \u0419-\u0422\u044f\u043d, \u043e \u0445\u044d\u0442\u043c\u044d \u0443\u0430\u0448\u044b\u0448?
\n<\/strong>
\n\u0425\u044c\u041a\u0421-<\/strong>1920 \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441\u044b\u043c \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0441 \u0435\u043f\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u0414\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0434\u0436\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u043c \u0441\u044b\u043a\u044a\u044b\u0448\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a, \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441 87 (\u0413\u044c\u044b 89) \u0441\u0438\u0442. \u0413\u0443\u043d\u044d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u041f\u0448\u044d\u043a\u044a\u044d\u043a\u043e\u0439 (\u0414\u044d\u0440\u044d\u043a\u043e\u0439) \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u043c \u0441\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043f1\u0443\u0433\u044a. \u0421\u0438\u04461\u044d \u041a\u044a\u044b\u0439\u043c\u044d\u0442. \u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044d \u0441\u044d \u0441\u044b\u043a\u044a\u044d\u043c\u044b\u0445\u044a\u043e\u0443, \u0441\u044f\u0439\u043d\u044d \u0438\u043d\u044b\u0431\u044d \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u044f\u0443\u043a1\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u0425\u044c\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044d\/\u0430\u0431\u0434\u0437\u0430\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0448\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440\u044d \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0430\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440\u044d \u0438\u04481\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u044f1\u043e\u0442\u044d\u0436\u044b. \u0421\u044f\u0439\u043d\u044d \u041a1\u044d\u043c\u04471\u044b\/\u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0448\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043a1\u0440\u044d \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u0438\u04481\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f. \u0421\u044f\u0439\u043d\u044d \u043d\u044b\u0431\u0436\u044b\u04471\u044d \u0434\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0443 \u0448\u044a\u0443\u0437\u0430\u0431\u044d\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0437\u044d\u043d\u044d\u043c \u0413\u0443\u043d\u044d\u043d \u041f\u0448\u044d\u043a\u044a\u044d\u043a\u043e\u0439\/\u0414\u044d\u0440\u044d\u043a\u043e\u0438\u043c \u044f\u0442\u044d \u0438\u0443\u043d\u044d \u043a\u044a\u0435\u043a1\u0443\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0413\u0443\u043d\u044d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0413\u043e\u0433\u044c\u044d\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0439 (\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0447\u0438\u0444\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438) \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u043c \u0448\u044b\u0448\u044d\u0443, \u0413\u043e\u0433\u044c\u044d\u043d \/\u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0437\u044b\u043b1 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0437\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0445\u0438\u0448\u044d\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0417\u044b\u0440 \u043f\u0448\u044a\u0430\u0448\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u04471\u044d\u043b\u0438\u04421\u0443 \u0430 \u043b1\u044b\u043c\u0433\u044c\u044d \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0444\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a. 1947 \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441\u044b\u043c \u041c\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0441 \u0414\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0434\u0436\u0430 \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u043c \u043f\u044d\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u0421\u0443\u043b\u044d\u0439\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043b\u044b \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u043c \u0417\u044d\u04481\u0443\/\u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u043d\u0430\u0433\u044a\u043e\u043c \u043d\u044b\u0441\u044d\u0443 \u0441\u044b\u0444\u044d\u043a1\u0443\u0430\u0433\u044a. \u0421\u0438\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0441\u044d 1988 \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441\u044b\u043c \u043b1\u044d\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u0438\u04481\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f, \u0430\u0434\u0433\u0430\u0431\u0437\u044d \u0437\u0430\u043a\u044a\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u04481\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0411\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b\u0440\u043c\u044d\u043c \u0441\u044b\u0434\u044d\u0441.<\/p>\n

X\u044c\u0414\u0436\u0419-\u041c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0441 \u043b\u044a\u044d\u043d\u044b\u043a\u044a\u043e\u043c\u0433\u044c\u044d \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u0433\u0443\u0448\u04301\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0448\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d?
\n<\/strong>
\n\u0425\u044c\u041a\u0421-<\/strong>\u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440 \u041c\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0441\u044b\u043c\u0433\u044c\u044d, \u041f\u0441\u044b\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044d \u0437\u0435\u04421\u043e\u0440\u044d, \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0431\u043b\u044d\u043a\u044a\u043e\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043f1\u043e \u043b\u044a\u044d\u043d\u044b\u043a\u044a\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044d\u043c \u0434\u044d\u043a1\u0443\u0430\u0435\u0440\u044d \u04421\u0443\u0430\u04471\u044d\u043c \u0434\u044d\u0441 \u043a\u044a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0444\u044b\u043c \u0448\u044f\u04481\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u041c\u044b \u043a\u044a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0444\u044b\u043c \u0448\u044b\u0448\u044d\u0443 \u04421\u0443\u0440 \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436, \u0448\u044b\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d-\u043b\u044a\u044d\u043f\u044d\u043a\u043e \u0437\u044d\u0445\u0430\u043f\u0445\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u0448\u044b\u0442, \u0430\u0443 \u0442\u044b\u0440\u043a\u0443\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0444\u044d\u0443 \u0448\u044b\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445. \u041f\u0441\u044b\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044d\u043c \u0434\u044d\u043c\u044b\u0441 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u043c\u044d \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u044f\u04481\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f, \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0430\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0433\u044c\u044d \u0433\u0443\u0448\u04301\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445.<\/p>\n

\u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043c \u041f\u0441\u044b\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044d \u0437\u044b\u0440\u04301\u043e\u0440\u044d \u04421\u0443\u0430\u04471\u044d\u043c \u043b\u044a\u044d\u043f\u044d\u043a\u043e\/\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0445\u044d\u043c \u201c\u0411\u043e\u0433\u044a\u0430\u0437\u201d \u0440\u04301\u043e, \u041f\u0441\u044b\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044d\u043c \u0448\u044b\u0447\u044d\u0440\u044d \u043f\u0441\u044b\u0445\u044a\u043e\u043c \u043b\u044a\u044d\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u044d \u201c\u0427\u0430\u0439\u201d (\u041a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0439), \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c\u044d \u201c\u041a1\u044d\u0439 \u043f\u0441\u044b\u201d \u0440\u04301\u043e. \u041f\u0441\u044b\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0431\u043b\u044d\u043a\u044a\u043e\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043f1\u043e \u043b\u044a\u044d\u043d\u044b\u043a\u044a\u043e\u043c, \u0438\u043f\u0448\u044a\u044d \u0434\u044d\u043a1\u0443\u0430\u0435\u0440\u044d \u043b\u044a\u044d\u043d\u044b\u043a\u044a\u043e\u043c \u0438\u04461, \u041f\u0441\u044b\u043a1\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0441\u044b\u0445\u044a\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0447\u044d\u0440\u044d \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0440\u043a\u044a\u043e\u043a1\u044b\u043f1\u043e \u0448\u044b1\u044d \u0448\u044a\u043e\u0444\u044b\u043c, \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0441 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c \u0438\u04461.<\/p>\n

\u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440 \u041a1\u044d\u0439 \u043f\u0441\u044b\u043c \u0434\u044d\u0441\u044d\u0443, \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0440 \u0437\u0434\u044d\u0448\u044b\u0443\u0445\u044b\u0440\u044d\u043c \u0448\u0435\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0436\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u0438\u043f\u0448\u044a\u044d \u0434\u044d\u043a1\u0443\u0430\u0435\u0443 \u0448\u044b\u0437\u044d\u043a1\u044d\u043b\u044a\u044b\u043a1\u043e\u0440\u044d \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0425\u044c\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u044f\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0431 (\u0437\u044d\u043f\u0441\u044d\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445), \u0414\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0434\u0436\u0430 ,1\u044b\u0448\u044b\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0440 (I\u015f\u0131klar; \u0443\u043d\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0438\u0442\u0444, \u0443\u043d\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0438\u043f\u04481 \u0444\u044d\u0434\u0438\u0437\u044b\u0440 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445, \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0444\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0440 \u043b\u044a\u044d\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e), \u0414\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0431\u043e\u0433\u044a\u0430\u0437\u044b (\u0438\u043f\u044d\u043c \u0443\u0438\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u044d\u043f\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u0445\u044c\u0438\u0433\u044c \u0438\u0431\u044d\u0440 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445) \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043c \u044f\u0436\u044a\u044b\u0445\u044d\u043c\u044d \u044f\u04481\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u0430\u0443 \u0433\u0443\u0448\u044d1\u044d\u0436\u0445\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043f. \u0422\u0443\u0430\u04471\u044d\u043c \u0434\u044d\u0441 \u044f\u0443\u0436\u044b\u0440\u044d \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0443 \u041b\u044d\u043a1\u0443\u0430\u0448\u044d\u043c (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d1\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043c) \u0441\u0438\u04461\u044b\u043a1\u0443\u0433\u044a\u043e\u043c \u043d\u044b\u0431\u0436 \u0437\u04381\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440, \u043b1\u044b\u0436\u044a \u043d\u044d\u0436\u044a1\u0443\u0436\u044a\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u0433\u0443\u0448\u04301\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0414\u0436\u0419-\u042f\u04481\u044d\u0435\u043f\u044d\u0442\u044d \u0437\u044b \u043a\u0443\u043f \u043d\u044d\u0436\u044a1\u0443\u0436\u044a\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0448\u044a\u044b\u0434\u044d \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u0440\u044d\u0433\u0443\u0448\u04301\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043f?
\n<\/strong>
\n\u0425\u044c\u041a\u0421-<\/strong>\u0421\u04471\u044a\u044d\u0440\u044d\u043f, \u0430 \u043b\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0430\u043d\u044d\u043c \u0430\u0448 \u0444\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u0438\u0433\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u044d\u043a1\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f, \u0431\u0437\u044d \u0437\u044f1\u043e\u0440\u044d\u043c \u0442\u044b\u0440\u043a\u0443\u0431\u0437\u044d \u0442\u044b\u0433\u0443\u0448\u044d1\u044d\u043d \u0444\u044d\u04481\u0433\u044d \u0442\u044b\u0437\u044d\u0440\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0437\u044d\u0443 \u0442\u044b\u0437\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0448\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0440 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u044d\u043a1\u044b\u0436\u044b. \u0413\u044a\u044d \u043a\u044a\u044d\u0441 \u0437\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0437\u044d \u0444\u044d\u0434\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044d\u043f1\u0430\u0448\u044a\u044d \u0438\u0434\u044d\u0436 \u041b\u044d\u043a1\u0443\u0430\u0448\u044d\/\u0425\u044c\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d1\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d \u0441\u044b\u0448\u044b1\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u0430\u0448 \u043d\u044d\u043c\u044b\u04471\u044d\u0443 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u0433\u0443\u0448\u04301\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0443, \u0414\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0440\u044d \u0414\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0431\u043e\u0433\u044a\u0430\u0437\u044b \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043c \u0448\u044b\u0434\u044d\u043a1\u0443\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0434\u044d\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044d\u0447\u044b\u043f\u0445\u044a\u0443\u043c\u044d \u0430\u0434\u044d\u0436\u0438 \u0441\u044b\u043a\u044a\u0430\u043d\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043a1\u0440\u044d \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u0437\u044d\u0437\u0433\u044a\u044d\u04481\u044d\u043d\u044d\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043f\u0448\u044b\u0441\u044d\u0448\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f. \u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440 \u0441\u044b\u0437\u0434\u044d\u0441 \u041f\u0448\u044d\u043a\u044a\u044d\u043a\u043e\u0439\u043c\u0438 (\u0414\u044d\u0440\u044d\u043a\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0438), \u0413\u0443\u043d\u044d\u043d\u0438 \u0448\u044f\u04481\u044d\u0443 \u0437\u044b\u0431\u0437\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f. \u041b\u044d\u043a1\u0443\u0430\u0448\u044d\u043c (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d1\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d) \u0441\u044b\u043a1\u043e\u0443, \u0441\u044b\u043a\u044a\u044d\u0442\u044b\u0437\u044d\u043f\u044b\u0442\u044d\u0443 \u0437\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c \u0444\u044d\u04481\u0433\u044c\u044d \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u043a\u044a\u04301\u043e\u0440\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0441\u04481\u044b\u043a1\u044d\u0443 \u0441\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a\u0430\u0433\u044a, \u0430\u0443 \u0435\u04421\u0443\u0430\u043d\u044d \u0430\u0445\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0447\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0443\u043f\u0447\u044d\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440 \u0437\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0437\u044d\u0441\u044b\u043c\u0433\u044a\u044d\u04481\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c \u0444\u044d\u04481\u0433\u044c\u044d \u0433\u044c\u044b \u0441\u044b\u04471\u044d\u0433\u044a\u043e\u0436\u044b. \u0410 \u043c\u0430\u0444\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043c \u0438\u0433\u0443\u043a\u044a\u044d\u043a1\u044b\u0436\u044d\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0441\u044f1\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u201c\u0410\u043f\u0445\u044a\u044d\u0434\u044b\u043a1\u0443 \u0430\u043d\u044d\u0448\u044a\u0443\u201d (\u041f\u0448\u044a\u044d\u0448\u044a\u044d \u04461\u044b\u043a1\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u0445) \u0444\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0443 \u0433\u0443\u0447\u044d1\u044d \u0437\u0430\u0443\u043b\u044d \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043a1\u0443\u043c\u044d \u043a\u044a\u0438\u043d\u044d\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0414\u0436\u0419-\u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044d\u0443 \u0437\u044b\u0431\u0437\u0430\u0433\u044a?
\n<\/strong>
\n\u0425\u044c\u041a\u0421-<\/strong>\u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440 \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0430\u0431\u0437\u044d\u043c \u0444\u044d\u043c\u044b\u0434\u044d\u0443, \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043f\u04481\u044b\u043a1\u044b\u043d \u0443\u043c\u044b\u043b\u044a\u044d\u043a1\u044b\u043d\u044d\u0443, \u043a\u044a\u0438\u043d\u044d\u0443 \u0437\u044b\u0431\u0437\u0430\u0433\u044a. \u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0430\u0431\u0437\u044d\u043c \u0444\u044d\u0434\u044d\u043a\u044a\u0430\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0443 \u0448\u044b\u0442 \u0433\u0443\u0448\u04301\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043c \u043d\u044d\u043c\u044b\u04471 \u043c\u044d\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043d\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u0430\u0442\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0414\u0416\u0419-\u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u043e\u0440\u044d\u0434 \u043a\u044a\u044f1\u043e\u0443 \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043f\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0430?
\n<\/strong>
\n\u0425\u044c\u041a\u0421-<\/strong>\u0417\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0441\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u041b\u044d\u043a1\u0443\u0430\u0448\u044d \u0448\u044b\u0448\u044d\u0443 \u0442\u0444\u044d\u0448\u044b\u0442 \u0441\u044d\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0414\u0437\u044b\u0431\u044d \u0424\u044d\u0445\u044c\u0438\u043c\u044d\u043c \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u043e\u0440\u044d\u0434\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u04381\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u041c\u044d\u043a\u044a\u0443 \u0435\u043e\u0445\u044d\u0443, \u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0444 \u044f\u0433\u044c\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0443 \u0437\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0445\u044d\u0440\u044d\u043c \u0445\u044c\u0430\u0444 \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0442\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0435 \u043d\u044b\u0441\u044d \u043a\u044a\u044f\u0448\u044d\u0443 \u0437\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0440\u044d\u043c \u043a\u044a\u0443\u043b\u044a\u0444\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043c \u043e\u0440\u044d\u0434\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0437\u044d\u0434\u044f1\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0410\u0443 \u043c\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0448\u044a\u044b\u0434\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0433\u044c\u044d \u043a\u044a\u044f1\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a \u0442\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0437\u044d\u0443 \u0441\u0444\u044d\u04481\u044d\u0436\u0440\u044d\u043f.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0414\u0416\u0419-\u041f\u0441\u044b\u043a1\u044d \u0437\u0435\u0448\u044a\u04431\u043e\u0440\u044d \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0441 \u0413\u0443\u0431\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c\u0440\u044d \u0413\u0443\u043d\u044d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0448\u044b1\u044d\u0445, \u0430\u0445\u044d\u043c\u044d \u0437\u0438 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u044f\u04481\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0431\u0430?
\n<\/strong>
\n\u0425\u044c\u041a\u0421-<\/strong>\u042f\u04481\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0441\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f, \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u0433\u0443\u0448\u04301\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0443\u0438 \u0441\u044b\u0442\u044d\u0444\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f, \u0434\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443 \u0434\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0443 \u0441\u04471\u044a\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u0413\u0443\u043d\u044d\u043d \u0438\u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u043c\u044d \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u044f\u04481\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f, \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d\u0431\u0437\u044d \u0437\u0430\u043a\u044a\u043e\u0440 \u044f\u04481\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440 \u0437\u0438\u04481\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0431\u043e \u043c\u044d\u04471\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445, \u0445\u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u04481\u044d\u0440\u044d \u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440 \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0430\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u044d\u0443 \u0448\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0414\u0436\u0419-\u0425\u044c\u0430\u04471\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044d\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u0435\u0436\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445?\u041c\u044b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u043c \u043a\u044a\u0430\u043a1\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u0430?\u041b\u044a\u044d1\u0443\u0430\u043a1\u043e\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u043c \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u0430?
\n<\/strong>
\n\u0425\u044c\u041a\u0421-<\/strong>\u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d, \u0444\u044d\u0448\u044b\u0442 \u0444\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0443\u043d\u044d\u043c, \u0430\u0434\u0440\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u043c \u0434\u044d\u0442 \u0445\u044c\u0430\u04471\u044d\u0448\u044b\u043c \u0448\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0445\u044c\u0430\u04471\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u041f\u0448\u044d\u043a\u044a\u044d\u043a\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0445\u044c\u0430\u04471\u044d\u0448 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u044a\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0448\u0430\u0443 \u0434\u044d\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0425\u044c\u0430\u04471\u044d\u0440 \u0448\u044b\u043c \u043a\u044a\u0435\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0445\u0440\u0438 \u0448\u044b\u0440 \u04381\u044d\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443, \u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441\u044d\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u043c \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u0445\u044c\u0430\u04471\u044d\u0448\u044b\u043c \u043a\u044a\u0435\u043a1\u0443\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u0448\u044b \u0437\u0438\u043c\u044b1\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u044a\u0430\u043a1\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445. \u0421\u0438\u043f\u0448\u044a\u044d\u0448\u044a\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443 \u043b\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0430\u043d\u044d\u043c \u04461\u044d\u043b\u044a\u044d\u043a1\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044a\u044d \u0437\u0435\u04421\u043e\u0440\u044d \u04461\u044b\u0444 \u0431\u043e \u0448\u044b1\u0430\u0433\u044a. \u041c\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043c\u044d\u0444\u0438 10-15 \u0442\u0445\u044c\u0430\u04471\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0443, \u044f\u0448\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044b\u043d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u044f\u0444\u044d\u0442\u0433\u044b\u04471\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0431\u043e \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0445\u044d\u043a1\u044b\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a.<\/p>\n

\u041c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0443\u043c\u044d (\u0442\u044b\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u043b\u044a\u044d\u043f\u043a\u044a) \u0448\u044b \u0437\u04381\u044d \u044f\u0445\u044d\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f \u043f1\u043e\u043d\u044d\u0443 \u0448\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u0448\u044b \u0437\u04381\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0443 \u043f\u0448\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445, \u0430\u0434\u0440\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0445\u044c\u044b\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0443\u0430\u043d\u044d \u0437\u044b\u0442\u044d\u043b\u044a \u0431\u044b\u043b\u044b\u043c\u043c\u044d, \u0448\u044b\u0434\u044b\u0445\u044d\u043c\u044d \u044f\u0442\u044d\u0441\u044b\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445. \u0410\u0445\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u0445\u044c\u0430\u04471\u044d\u0448\u044b\u043c \u0448\u044b\u0442\u0445\u044c\u0430\u04471\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445. \u041b\u044a\u044d1\u0443\u0430\u043a1\u043e\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u043c \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0434\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043f. \u0414\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0434\u0436\u044d\u043c \u0436\u044d\u043d\u0434\u044d\u0440\u043c\u044d \u0434\u044d\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u043b\u044a\u044d1\u0443\u0430\u043a1\u043e\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u043c \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0434\u044b\u0440\u0438\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0414\u0436\u0419-\u041c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0445\u044d\u043c\u0440\u044d \u0442\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044d\u0443 \u0437\u044d\u0444\u044d\u0448\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043a1\u044d \u0448\u044a\u0443\u04381\u0430\u0433\u044a?
\n<\/strong>
\n\u0425\u044c\u041a\u0421-<\/strong>\u041d\u0430\u0445\u044c \u0438\u043f\u044d\u043c \u0434\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u044f1\u0443\u0430\u0442\u044d. \u0414\u0436\u044b\u043c\u0445\u044c\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u044b\u043c (1923\/\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u044d\u043c) \u043a\u044a\u044d\u043d\u044d\u0443\u0436, \u0437\u044b \u043a\u0443\u043f \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0443\u043c \u201c\u0414\u0436\u044b\u043c\u0445\u044c\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0443\u043c\u044d \u044f\u0439, \u0430\u0445\u044d\u043c \u0430\u0442\u0430\u04481\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0433\u044a\u201d \u044f1\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0438\u043d\u044d\u0443, \u0414\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0434\u0436\u044d\u043c\u0433\u044c\u044d \u0448\u044a\u044d\u0444\u044d\u0443 \u201c\u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0430\u0431\u0437\u044d \u043c\u044d\u0433\u0443\u0448\u04301\u044d\u0445\u201d \u044f\u0440\u04301\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0436\u044d\u043d\u0434\u044d\u0440\u043c\u044d\u0440 \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d\u043c\u044d \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0433\u044a\u0430\u043e\u0443 \u044f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u044a. \u041c\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0445\u044d\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044d \u0445\u044c\u0430\u043f\u0441\u044b\u043c \u0440\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0434\u0437\u0430\u0433\u044a.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0414\u0436\u0419-\u0422\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044d\u0443 \u0445\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a \u0430 1\u043e\u0444\u044b\u0440, \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0442\u0444\u044d\u043f1\u043e\u0442\u044d\u043d\u0430?
\n<\/strong>
\n\u0425\u044c\u041a\u0421-<\/strong>\u0418\u0445\u044a\u0443\u043f1\u043e\u0440 \u0431\u043e \u044f1\u0443\u0438 \u0442\u0438 \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d 1930 \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441\u044d\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u044d\u0443 \u0445\u044a\u0443\u043d \u0444\u0430\u0439, \u0411\u044b\u043b\u0433\u044a\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0435 \u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d \u041f\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440 \u0448\u044b\u0448\u044d\u0443 \u0443\u043d\u044d\u0433\u044a\u043e 25 \u043c\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0440 (\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0433\u044a\u0430\u0440 \u043c\u0443\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0440) \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u04421\u044b\u0441\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0433\u044a. \u0423\u043d\u044d\u0433\u044a\u043e \u043f\u044d\u043f\u0447 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043c 25 (\u0433\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0440 2, 5) \u0448\u044a\u0443\u04461\u044d\u0443 \u04471\u044b\u0433\u0443 1\u044d\u04481\u0443 \u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0410\u0448 \u0444\u044d\u0434\u0438\u0437 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u044b1\u044d \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d \u0443\u043d\u0430\u0433\u044a\u043e \u0430\u0433\u044c\u0438 \u0442\u0445\u044d\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0422\u0438\u043a\u044a\u0443\u043b\u044a\u0444\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0431\u044d\u0437\u044d\u0440 \u0444\u044d\u04481\u0433\u044c\u044d \u0448\u044d\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043c, \u0413\u0443\u043d\u044d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a1\u0443\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0442\u0438\u0445\u044a\u0443\u043f1\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0445\u044d\u043c \u044f\u0436\u044a\u043e\u0443 \u044f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u044a, \u0445\u044a\u0443\u043f1\u043e\u0440 \u0448\u044a\u044d\u0444\u044d\u0443 \u0437\u044d\u0444\u044f\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0448\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u04471\u044d\u043a1\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0422\u0438 \u0437\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044b\u043b\u044a\u0444\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044d\u043c \u043c\u044b\u0440 \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u044a\u044d \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0433\u044a\u044d1\u0443\u0433\u044a, \u0442\u0438\u0431\u0437\u044b\u043b\u044a\u0444\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043c \u043a\u044a\u0430\u0437\u0433\u044a\u044b\u0440 \u0445\u044c\u0430\u043d\u0446\u044d \u0444\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u044f\u0448\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u043e\u0445\u0438 \u0430\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0445\u044a\u0443\u043f1\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0444\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445. \u0425\u044a\u0443\u043b\u044a\u0444\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u043d\u044d\u0431\u0433\u0438\u04421\u0443 \u044f\u0445\u044d\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u0437\u044b\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044d \u043d\u044d\u043f1\u043e\u0441\u044b\u0440 \u0430\u0440\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u201d\u0428\u044a\u0443\u0437\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0442\u044d\u0443\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u201d \u044f1\u043e\u043d\u044b\u0440 \u0437\u044b\u0437\u044d\u0440\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043f\u044d\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0445\u044d\u043a1\u044d\u0443, \u0437\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044d\u043c \u0430\u043a\u044a\u044b\u043b \u043a\u044a\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044d\u0440\u044d \u0438\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0441\u044d\u0440\u044d \u0444\u044d\u04481\u0433\u044c\u044d \u201c\u0414\u0436\u044b\u043c\u0445\u044c\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0435\u0445\u044a\u043e\u043d\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u201d \u044f1\u0443\u0438 \u043f\u04461\u044b\u0443\u043f\u0441 \u0448\u0430\u0445\u044c\u0438\u0442\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445. \u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044d\u0440\u044d \u0438\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0441\u044d\u0440\u044d \u043c\u044d\u0437\u044d \u0448\u044b\u0440\u044b\u0448 \u0445\u044c\u0430\u043f\u0441\u044b\u043c \u04471\u044d\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445. \u0410 \u043b\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0430\u043d\u044d\u043c \u0441\u044d \u0441\u044b\u04471\u044d\u043b\u0430\u0433\u044a, \u0430\u0443 \u0445\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0440 \u0441\u044d\u04481\u044d\u0436\u044b.<\/p>\n

\u0426\u0430\u0445\u044c \u0437\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0444\u044d\u0442\u044b\u043c\u044b\u04481\u044b\u0440\u044d\u043c \u0444\u044d\u04481\u0433\u044c\u044d \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0445\u044d\u043c\u0440\u044d \u043c\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0437\u0445\u044d\u0442\u0433\u044a\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043f.<\/p>\n

\u0428\u044b\u043a\u0443\u0440, \u0433\u044c\u044b \u0430\u0448 \u0444\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u044d\u043d\u044d\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043f.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0414\u0436\u0419-\u0423\u0438\u04471\u044d\u043b\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443\u043c \u041a\u044a\u0430\u0444\u043a\u044a\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0435\u043c\/\u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u043c \u043a\u044a\u0438\u043a1\u044b\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u04461\u044b\u0444 \u0431\u043e <\/strong>\u0448\u044b1\u044d\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043d \u0444\u0430\u0439, \u041a\u044a\u0430\u0444\u043a\u044a\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0435\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u044f1\u0443\u0430\u0442\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0431\u0430?<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u041a\u0421-<\/strong>\u041b1\u044b\u0436\u044a1\u0443\u0436\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u041a\u044a\u0430\u0444\u043a\u044a\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a\u044a\u0438\u043a1\u044b\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u0431\u043e \u04461\u044b\u0444 \u0448\u044b1\u0430\u0433\u044a, \u041a\u044a\u0430\u0444\u043a\u044a\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0435\u0440 \u044f\u0436\u044d \u0434\u044d\u0437\u044b\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u042c\u0410\u041f\u042b\u0419 \u0414\u0436\u044d\u0443\u0434\u044d\u0442, \u0427\u044a\u044d\u043f\u044b\u043e\u0433\u044a\u0443 2007<\/p>\n

II<\/strong><\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: <\/strong> Sizi\u00a0 tan\u0131yabilir miyiz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u2019EM\u00c7’I S\u00fcheyla:<\/strong> 73 ya\u015f\u0131nday\u0131m. Hac\u0131osman do\u011fumluyum. \u015eimdi Band\u0131rma’da oturuyorum, rahats\u0131z ve halsizim. A\u011fustos sonlar\u0131 Hac\u0131osman’a (\u041b\u044d\u043a1\u0443\u0448\u044d) gidip bir s\u00fcre kal\u0131yor, k\u0131\u015fa do\u011fru d\u00f6n\u00fcyorum. Babam K’em\u00e7’\u0131 (\u041a1\u044d\u043c\u04471\u044b), Wub\u0131h\u00e7a konu\u015furdu. Annem Manyas B\u00f6lcea\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00f6y\u00fcnden bir Wub\u0131h, \u015ehaptl\u0131 (\u0428\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043f\u043b\u044a\u044b) idi ama\u00a0Wub\u0131h\u00e7a bilmezdi. Bu nedenle Wub\u0131h\u00e7a \u00f6\u011frenemedim.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: <\/strong> Wub\u0131h\u00e7a nerelerde konu\u015fuluyordu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u2019EM\u00c7’I S\u00fcheyla:<\/strong> \u00c7ocuklu\u011fumda Hac\u0131osman’da ya\u015fl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda\u00a0 konu\u015fuluyordu, ayr\u0131ca Hac\u0131yakup’ta da ya\u015fl\u0131larca bilinirdi, ama konu\u015fulmazd\u0131. \u00d6teki k\u00f6ylerde de bilenler\u00a0 vard\u0131 ama oralarda fazla bir Wub\u0131h yoktu. \u00c7ocuklu\u011fumda Hac\u0131osman 60 haneydi, \u015fimdi \u00e7ok azald\u0131. Hac\u0131yakup da \u00f6yle. K\u00f6ylerimize \u00e7e\u015fitli millet yerle\u015fti.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: <\/strong> K\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn Wub\u0131h\u00e7a ad\u0131 var m\u0131yd\u0131?Ya\u011fmur duas\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar m\u0131yd\u0131n\u0131z?\u00c7\u0131k\u0131yor idiyseniz k\u00f6y\u00fcn neresinde \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yordunuz ve ne yap\u0131yordunuz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u2019EM\u00c7’I S\u00fcheyla:<\/strong> K\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fcze Lek’ua\u015fe<\/strong> (Lekvua\u015fe\/\u041b\u044d\u043a1\u0443\u0430\u0448\u044d; K\u00f6lek\u00f6y) denirdi. Bizde ve \u00e7evredeki k\u00f6ylerde fekotl (feqolv; \u00f6zg\u00fcr insan) say\u0131s\u0131 azd\u0131. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funluk (Tevfik Esen\u00e7 de dahil) k\u00f6leydi.<\/p>\n

Ya\u011fmur duas\u0131 i\u00e7in K’ey Ps\u0131<\/strong> (Koca\u00e7ay) k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda me\u015fe a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 bulunan bir yere giderdik, buraya H\u0131drellez yeri<\/strong> (Qedelez \u00e7vapvo)\u00a0 derdik. Ailelerin ilk \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 “Ya\u011fmur ya\u011fmas\u0131” dile\u011fiyle suya at\u0131l\u0131p \u0131slat\u0131r, toplananlar birbirlerine su d\u00f6ker, dua okunur, hal\u00fcj (hal\u0131zhu\/\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0436\u044a\u0443), metaz ve hal\u0131\u011fuj (6)\u00a0 yenirdi.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: <\/strong> Sizde kad\u0131nlar miras al\u0131r m\u0131yd\u0131? K\u00f6leler al\u0131r m\u0131yd\u0131?\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u2019EM\u00c7’I S\u00fcheyla:<\/strong> Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyorum. Bizim ailemizde miras alan bir kad\u0131n bulundu\u011funu duymad\u0131m. K\u00f6leler al\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: <\/strong> K\u00f6le\u00a0 olmayan bir k\u0131z k\u00f6le bir erke\u011fe verilir miydi ya da k\u00f6le olmayan bir erkek k\u00f6le bir k\u0131z al\u0131r m\u0131yd\u0131? K\u00f6lelerle ili\u015fkileriniz nas\u0131ld\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u2019EM\u00c7’I S\u00fcheyla:<\/strong> Eskiden k\u00f6le erke\u011fe k\u0131z verilmezdi, verildi\u011fini duymad\u0131m, k\u00f6le k\u0131z alan ise pek ender \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. B\u00f6yle \u015feyler hi\u00e7 ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lanmazd\u0131. K\u00f6leler sinirli ve al\u0131ngan olurlard\u0131. \u015eimdi hepsi bizden daha asortik. K\u00f6lelerin yan\u0131nda \u015fifreli konu\u015fulurdu. Buna verk\u0131bze<\/strong> (\u043e\u0440\u043a\u044a\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d) (7) denir. \u00a0\u015eimdi eski kat\u0131l\u0131k kalmad\u0131 ama izleri, g\u00f6r\u00fcnmese de s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: <\/strong> Wub\u0131h\u00e7a \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6ylendi\u011fini hi\u00e7 duydunuz mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u2019EM\u00c7’I S\u00fcheyla:<\/strong> Evet, ot bi\u00e7ilirken erkekler “Vosi vomera voreyda vora…”<\/strong> bi\u00e7iminde \u015fimdi tam an\u0131msayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m \u015fark\u0131lar s\u00f6ylerlerdi. Bir de gelin alma ve damat \u00e7\u0131karmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda benzer\u00a0 \u015fark\u0131lar s\u00f6ylenirdi.<\/p>\n

Cenaze evine gelen akraba ve tan\u0131d\u0131k kad\u0131nlar, \u011f\u0131bze’ler (a\u011f\u0131t) s\u00f6yleyerek ve a\u011flayarak bah\u00e7eye girerlerdi. \u015eimdi Manavlar da, bizim gibi cenazelere kalabal\u0131k olarak kat\u0131l\u0131yorlar. “Bu gelene\u011fi \u00c7erkeslerden ald\u0131k” diyorlar. Manav cenazeleri az ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, daha \u00e7ok, Manav kad\u0131nlar\u0131 dede t\u00fcrbelerini ziyaret eder, dua okur, namaz k\u0131larlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: <\/strong> K\u00f6le olmayan kad\u0131nlar da tarlalarda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar m\u0131yd\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u2019EM\u00c7’I S\u00fcheyla:<\/strong> Evet, k\u00f6le ya da de\u011fil, kad\u0131n erkek herkes kendi tarla ve bah\u00e7esinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: <\/strong> Wub\u0131h\u00e7a olarak akl\u0131n\u0131zda kalan hi\u00e7 bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck yok mu? Wub\u0131h\u00e7a niye terk edildi? Siz Wub\u0131h\u00e7a \u00f6\u011frenmeyi istemediniz mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u2019EM\u00c7’I S\u00fcheyla:<\/strong> “Nereye gidiyorsun?” <\/strong> kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Mavk’ene?” <\/strong>(Maukvene), “Ta\u015fmuk” (Kaplumba\u011fa) gibi \u00e7ocuklu\u011fumdan kalma birka\u00e7\u00a0 s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc an\u0131ms\u0131yorum. Wub\u0131h\u00e7a\u2019n\u0131n ni\u00e7in b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00a0bilmiyorum. B\u00f6yle k\u0131ymete binece\u011fini, Tevfik Esen\u00e7 gibi Avrupalara g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcleceklerini bilselerdi, herhalde Wub\u0131hlar Wub\u0131h\u00e7a\u2019y\u0131 b\u0131rakmazlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0423\u0411\u042b\u0425\u041c\u042d \u042f\u0425\u042c\u042b\u041b1\u0410\u0413\u042a\u042d\u0423 \u0413\u0423\u0428\u042d1\u042d\u0413\u042a\u0423\u0418\u0429<\/strong><\/p>\n

II<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043f\u044b\u0439 \u0414\u0436\u044d\u0443\u0434\u044d\u0442 \u0419\u044b\u043b\u0434\u044b\u0437- \u0423\u0445\u044d\u0442, \u043e \u0445\u044d\u0442\u043c\u044d \u0443\u044f\u0448\u044b\u0448?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u041a1\u044d\u043c\u04471\u044b \u0421\u0443\u0445\u044c\u0435\u0439\u043b\u0430-<\/strong> \u0418\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441 73 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0431\u0436. \u041b\u044d\u043a1\u0443\u0430\u0448\u044d (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d1\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d) \u0441\u044b\u043a\u044a\u044b\u0448\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a. \u0413\u044c\u044b \u0411\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b\u0440\u043c\u044d\u043c \u0441\u044b\u0434\u044d\u0441, \u0441\u044b \u0441\u044b\u043c\u044d\u0433\u044c\u0430\u0448\u044a\u0443, \u0441\u044b\u04481\u043e\u043f. \u0428\u044b\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044d1\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0437\u044d \u0443\u0445\u044b\u0436\u0433\u044a\u043e\u043c \u041b\u044d\u043a1\u0443\u0430\u0448\u044d\u043c \u0441\u044d\u043a1\u0443\u0438 \u0437\u044b\u043a\u0443\u043f\u044d\u0443 \u0441\u044b\u043a\u044a\u0430\u043d\u044d, \u0431\u0434\u0436\u044b\u0445\u044c\u044d\/\u04471\u044b\u043c\u0430\u0444\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0440\u044d\u043c \u0411\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b\u0440\u043c\u044d\u043c \u043a\u044a\u044d\u0441\u044d\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0437\u044d\u0436\u044b. \u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044d \u041a1\u044d\u043c\u04471\u044b, \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u0438\u04481\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0421\u044f\u0439\u043d\u044d \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0441\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0430\u0433\u044a\u0430\u0447 \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u043c \u0448\u044b\u0448\u044d\u0443 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u0428\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043f\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u0448\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043a1\u0440\u044d \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u0438\u04481\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f. \u041c\u044b\u0448 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0445\u044d\u043a1\u044d\u0443 \u0441\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u0437\u044d\u0437\u0433\u044a\u044d\u04481\u044d\u0448\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043f\u044b\u0439 \u0414\u0436\u044d\u0443\u0434\u044d\u0442 \u0419\u044b\u043b\u0434\u044b\u0437- <\/strong> \u0422\u044d \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440\u00a0 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u0433\u0443\u0448\u04301\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u041a1\u044d\u043c\u04471\u044b \u0421\u0443\u0445\u044c\u0435\u0439\u043b\u0430-<\/strong> \u0421\u0438\u04461\u044b\u043a1\u0443\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c \u041b\u044d\u0443\u043a1\u0443\u0430\u0448\u044d\u043c\u0433\u044c\u044d \u0436\u044a\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u0440\u044d\u0433\u0443\u0448\u04301\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445, \u0430\u0448 \u043d\u044d\u043c\u044b\u04471\u044d\u0443 \u0425\u044c\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u044f\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0431 \u0434\u044d\u0441 \u0436\u044a\u044b\u0445\u044d\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u044f\u04481\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u0430\u0443 \u0433\u0443\u0448\u044d1\u044d\u0436\u044b\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043f. \u0410\u0434\u0440\u044d \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u0437\u0438\u04481\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0448\u044b1\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445, \u0430\u0443 \u0430 \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043c \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0448\u044d \u0430\u0434\u044d\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f. \u0421\u0438\u04461\u044b\u043a1\u0443\u0433\u044a\u043e\u043c \u041b\u044d\u043a1\u0443\u0430\u0448\u044d\u043c \u0443\u043d\u044d\u0433\u044a\u043e 60 \u0444\u044d\u0434\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u044d\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u0433\u044c\u044b \u0434\u044d\u0441\u044b\u0440 \u0431\u043e \u043c\u0430\u04471\u044d \u0445\u044a\u0443\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0425\u044c\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u044f\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0431\u044b\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u0448\u0442\u044d\u0443 \u0445\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a\u044d. \u0422\u0438\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u043c\u044d \u043f\u044d\u043c\u044b\u04471\u044b\u0440\u044d \u043b\u044a\u044d\u043f\u043a\u044a\u0445\u044d\u043c \u0430\u0448\u044b\u0448\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u0430\u0434\u044d\u04421\u044b\u0441\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043f\u044b\u0439 \u0414\u0436\u044d\u0443\u0434\u044d\u0442 \u0419\u044b\u043b\u0434\u044b\u0437- \u0428\u044a\u0443\u0438 \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0443 \u04461\u044d \u04381\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0431\u0430?\u041e\u0436\u044a\u0443\u0431\u044d\u043d\u044d \u0434\u044b\u0443\u0430\u0445\u044c \u043a\u044a\u044d\u0448\u044a\u0443\u0445\u044c\u044b\u043d\u044d\u0443, \u0437\u044d\u0445\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044d \u04481\u0443\u04481\u044b\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0431\u0430, \u0442\u044d\u0434\u044d \u0448\u044b\u0448\u044a\u0443\u04481\u044b\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a \u0437\u044d\u0445\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0440?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u041a1\u044d\u043c\u04471\u044b \u0421\u0443\u0445\u044c\u0435\u0439\u043b\u0430-<\/strong> \u0422\u0438\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d \u201c\u041b\u044d\u043a1\u0443\u0430\u0448\u044d\u201d \u0440\u044f1\u043e, \u043c\u044b\u0448 \u201c\u041f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u201d \u043c\u044d\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043d\u044d \u043a\u044a\u0435\u043a1\u044b. \u0422\u0438\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0440\u044d \u043f\u044d\u043c\u044b\u04471 \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u043c\u044d \u0430\u0434\u044d\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u0444\u044d\u043a\u044a\u043e\u043b1 \u043f\u0447\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0440 \u043c\u044d\u04471\u044d \u0434\u044d\u0434\u0430\u0433\u044a. \u041d\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0431\u044d \u0434\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0440, \u0422\u0435\u0439\u0444\u0438\u043a \u0415\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0440\u0438 \u044f\u0445\u044d\u0442\u044d\u0443 \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445.<\/p>\n

\u041e\u0436\u044a\u0443\u0431\u044d\u043d\u044d \u0434\u044b\u0443\u0430\u0445\u044c \u0444\u044d\u04481\u0433\u044c\u044d \u041a1\u044d\u0439 \u043f\u0441\u044b<\/strong> \u0433\u044a\u0443\u043d\u044d\u043c, \u0447\u044b\u0433\u044d\u0435 \u043c\u044d\u0437\u043c\u044d \u0430\u0434\u044d\u0436 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u044b\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u043c\u044b\u0434\u044d\u043a1\u0443\u043c \u201c\u041a\u044a\u044d\u0434\u044d\u043b\u044d\u0437 \u04471\u0430\u043f1\u043e\u201d<\/strong> \u0438\u0440\u04301\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0423\u043d\u0430\u0433\u044a\u043e\u043c \u0438\u044f\u043f\u044d\u0440\u044d \u04471\u0430\u043b\u044d\u0440 \u201c\u041e\u0448\u0445 \u043a\u044a\u0435\u0448\u0445\u044b\u043d\u201d<\/strong> \u0444\u044d\u04481\u0433\u044c\u044d \u043f\u0441\u044b\u043c \u0445\u044f\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043e\u0443 \u0445\u044d\u0431\u0437\u0430\u0433\u044a, \u041f\u0441\u044b\u043c \u043a\u044a\u0435\u043a1\u043e\u043b1\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u044dx\u043c\u044d \u043f\u0441\u044b \u0437\u044d\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0430\u043a1\u044d\u0436\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0410\u0448 \u043d\u044d\u0443\u0436\u044b\u043c \u0434\u044b\u0443\u0430\u0445\u044c \u043a\u044a\u044f\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0440\u0438 \u0445\u044ca\u043b\u044b\u0436\u044a\u043e, \u043c\u044d\u0442\u0430\u0437 (\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0436\u044a\u043e), \u0445\u044c\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0436\u044a \u044f\u0444\u0430\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0448\u044b\u0440\u0438 \u044f\u0448\u0445\u044b\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043f\u044b\u0439 \u0414\u0436\u044d\u0443\u0434\u044d\u0442 \u0419\u044b\u043b\u0434\u044b\u0437- \u0428\u044a\u0443\u0438\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0433\u044c\u044d \u0431\u0437\u044b\u043b\u044a\u0444\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c\u044d \u04471\u044d\u043d (\u0430\u0445\u044c) \u044f\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0430? \u041f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b \u0431\u0437\u044b\u043b\u044a\u0444\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c\u044d \u04471\u044d\u043d \u044f\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0430?\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u041a1\u044d\u043c\u04471\u044b \u0421\u0443\u0445\u044c\u0435\u0439\u043b\u0430-<\/strong> \u0411\u0437\u044b\u043b\u044a\u0444\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c\u044d \u04471\u044d\u043d \u044f\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0443 \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0441\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f. \u0422\u044d \u0442\u0438\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0433\u044a\u043e \u04471\u044d\u043d \u0438\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u0437\u044b \u0431\u0437\u044b\u043b\u044a\u0444\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u0438\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443\u0438 \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0441\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f. \u041f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u043c\u044d \u04471\u044d\u043d \u044f\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043f\u044b\u0439 \u0414\u0436\u044d\u0443\u0434\u044d\u0442 \u0419\u044b\u043b\u0434\u044b\u0437- \u041f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044d\u0443 \u0448\u044b\u043c\u044b\u0442 \u0437\u044b\u043f\u0448\u044a\u0430\u0448\u044a\u044d \u0437\u044b \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1 \u04471\u0430\u043b\u044d \u0440\u044f\u0442\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0430 \u0435 \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044dy \u0448\u044b\u043c\u044b\u0442 \u0437\u044b \u04471\u0430\u043b\u044d\u043c \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1 \u043f\u0448\u044a\u0430\u0448\u044a\u044d \u043a\u044a\u0438\u0448\u044d\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0445\u044d\u043a1\u044b\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0430? \u041f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044d\u0443 \u0448\u044a\u0443\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0433\u044a\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u041a1\u044d\u043c\u04471\u044b \u0421\u0443\u0445\u044c\u0435\u0439\u043b\u0430-<\/strong> \u0418\u043f\u044d\u043c \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1 \u04471\u0430\u043b\u044d\u043c \u0444\u044d\u043a\u044a\u043e\u043b1 \u043f\u0448\u044a\u0430\u0448\u044a\u044d \u0440\u044f\u0442\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f, \u0440\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443\u0438 \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0441\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f, \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1 \u043f\u0448\u044a\u0430\u0448\u044a\u044d \u043a\u044a\u044d\u0437\u044b\u0448\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u043e \u0437\u044b\u0440\u044b\u0437 \u0434\u044d\u0434\u0430\u0433\u044a. \u041c\u044b\u0448 \u0444\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u044f\u0434\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043f, \u043c\u044b\u0440 \u00a0\u0445\u044a\u0443\u043d\u043c\u044d \u044f\u0448\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f. \u041f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0436\u044b\u043f\u0445\u044d\u0443, \u043f\u0441\u044b\u043d\u04471\u044d \u044f\u0433\u0443 \u0445\u044d\u04471\u044d\u0443, \u0448\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043a1\u043e\u043b\u044b\u0435\u0443 \u0448\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445. \u0413\u044c\u044b \u0430\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u044d \u0442\u044d\u043d\u0430\u0445\u044c \u0437\u044d\u04481\u043e\u04481\u044b\u0436\u044b\u0445. \u041f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u043c\u044d \u044f\u0434\u044d\u0436\u0433\u044c\u044d \u04471\u044d\u0433\u044a\u04471\u044d\u043b\u044a\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0433\u044c\u044d (\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440 \u0431\u0437\u044d\u0433\u044c\u044d)\u00a0 \u0433\u0443\u0448\u04301\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445. \u041c\u044b\u0448 \u043e\u0440\u043a\u044a\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u0440\u044f1\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0413\u044c\u044b \u0438\u043f\u044d\u0440\u044d \u043f\u0445\u044a\u044d\u0448\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440\/\u0445\u044d\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0436\u044a\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u00a0\u043a\u044a\u044d\u043d\u044d\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043f. \u0410\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0443\u0436\u0445\u044d\u0440, \u043a\u044a\u044d\u043c\u044b\u043b\u044a\u0430\u0433\u044a\u043e\u0445\u044d\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u044c\u044b\u0440\u0438 \u0448\u044b1\u044d\u0445.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043f\u044b\u0439 \u0414\u0436\u044d\u0443\u0434\u044d\u0442 \u0419\u044b\u043b\u0434\u044b\u0437- \u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u043e\u0440\u044d\u0434 \u043a\u044a\u044f1\u043e\u0443 \u0437\u0438 \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043f\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0430?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u041a1\u044d\u043c\u04471\u044b \u0421\u0443\u0445\u044c\u0435\u0439\u043b\u0430-<\/strong> \u0417\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0441\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u043c\u044d\u043a\u044a\u0443 \u0435\u043e\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0437\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0440\u044d\u043c \u043a\u044a\u0443\u043b\u044a\u0444\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043c \u201c\u041e\u0441\u0438 \u043e\u043c\u044d\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u044d\u0439\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0430\u2026\u201d \u0444\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0443 \u0438\u0433\u0443\u0448\u04301\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0438\u043a\u044a\u0443\u043d\u044d\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u0438\u043c\u043d\u044d\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u043e\u0440\u044d\u0434\u044b\u0436\u044a\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u044f1\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0410\u0448 \u043d\u044d\u043c\u044b\u04471\u044d\u0443 \u043d\u044b\u0441\u044d \u043a\u044a\u044f\u0448\u044d \u0437\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0440\u044d\u043c \u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u044a\u0445\u044a\u043e \u0438\u0448\u044b\u0436 \u0437\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0440\u044d\u043c \u0430\u0448 \u0444\u044d\u0434\u044d \u0436\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0442 \u043e\u0440\u044d\u0434\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u044f1\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0430\u0434\u044d \u0437\u0438\u043b\u044a \u0443\u043d\u044d\u043c \u043a\u044a\u0430\u043a1\u043e\u0440\u044d \u0431\u043b\u044d\u0433\u044a\u044d-\u0444\u044d\u0448\u044b\u0442\u0445\u044d\u0440, \u043b1\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0440 \u0437\u0438\u04481\u044d\u0436\u0440\u044d \u0431\u0437\u044b\u043b\u044a\u0444\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440, \u0433\u044a\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u044f1\u043e\u0445\u044d\u0443, \u0433\u044a\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0434\u0436\u044d\u043d\u044d\u0437\u044d \u0448\u0430\u0443\u043c \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445. \u0413\u044c\u044b \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0445\u044d\u0440\u0438 (\u0437\u044b \u0442\u044b\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u043b\u044a\u044d\u043f\u043a\u044a) \u0436\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0434\u0436\u044d\u043d\u0430\u0437\u044d\u043c \u043a\u044a\u0435\u043a1\u0443\u0445, \u201d\u041c\u044b \u0445\u0430\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440 \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d\u043c\u044d \u044f\u0445\u044d\u0442\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a\u201d \u044f1\u043e. \u041d\u0430\u0445\u044c \u0438\u043f\u044d\u043c \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0443 \u0445\u044c\u0430\u0434\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u04461\u044b\u0444 \u043c\u0430\u04471\u044d \u043a\u044a\u0435\u043a1\u043e\u0443 \u044f\u0433\u044a\u044d\u04421\u044b\u043b\u044a\u044b\u0436\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0448\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0443 \u0448\u044a\u0443\u0437\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u044d\u0442\u044d\u0436\u044a \u043a\u044a\u044d\u0443\u043d\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043c (\u0434\u044d\u0434\u044d \u0442\u0443\u0440\u0431\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043c) \u043a1\u043e\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0434\u044b\u0443\u0430\u0445\u044c \u043a\u044a\u044f\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0443, \u043d\u044d\u043c\u0430\u0437\u044d \u044f\u04481\u044d\u0443 \u0448\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043f\u044b\u0439 \u0414\u0436\u044d\u0443\u0434\u044d\u0442 \u0419\u044b\u043b\u0434\u044b\u0437- <\/strong> \u041c\u044b\u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1 \u0431\u0437\u044b\u043b\u044a\u0444\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u044d\u0448\u0445\u044d\u043c-\u0445\u0430\u0442\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043c 1\u043e\u0444 \u0448\u044b\u0440\u0430\u04481\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0430?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u041a1\u044d\u043c\u04471\u044b \u0421\u0443\u0445\u044c\u0435\u0439\u043b\u0430-<\/strong> \u041f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u044b\u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u044a\u0443\u043b\u044a\u0444\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u0431\u0437\u044b\u043b\u044a\u0444\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d, \u0445\u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0436 \u0438\u043c\u044d\u0448, \u0438\u0445\u0430\u0442\u044d \u0448\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0436\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043f\u044b\u0439 \u0414\u0436\u044d\u0443\u0434\u044d\u0442 \u0419\u044b\u043b\u0434\u044b\u0437- <\/strong> \u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0443 \u043f\u04481\u044d\u0436\u0440\u044d \u0437\u0438 \u0448\u044b1\u044d\u0436\u0431\u0430? \u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440 \u0448\u044a\u044b\u0434\u044d \u0448\u044f\u043d\u044d\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a?\u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440 \u0437\u044d\u0431\u0433\u044a\u044d\u04481\u044d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u043f\u044b\u043b\u044a\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0431\u0430?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u041a1\u044d\u043c\u04471\u044b \u0421\u0443\u0445\u044c\u0435\u0439\u043b\u0430-<\/strong> \u201c\u041c\u0430\u0443\u043a1\u044d\u043d\u044d?\u201d (\u0422\u044d\u0443\u043a1\u043e\u0440\u044d?), \u00a0\u201c\u0422\u0430\u0448\u043c\u044b\u043a\u044a\u0443\u201d (\u0425\u044c\u0430\u0434\u044d\u0447\u044d\u043c\u044b1\u043e) \u0444\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u04461\u044b\u043a1\u0443\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c \u0441\u04471\u044a\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u0433\u0443\u0448\u044d1\u044d \u0437\u0430\u0443\u043b\u044d \u0441\u0438\u0433\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u0438\u043d\u044d\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440 \u0448\u044a\u044b\u0434\u044d \u0448\u044f\u043d\u044d\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u0441\u04471\u044a\u044d\u0440\u044d\u043f. \u041c\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044d\u0443 \u0443\u0430\u0441\u044d \u0444\u044b\u0440\u0430\u04481\u044b\u043d\u044d\u0443, \u0422\u044d\u0439\u0444\u044b\u043a \u0415\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0447 \u0444\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0443 \u0410\u0443\u0440\u0443\u043f\u044d\u043c (\u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u044d\u043c) \u044f\u0448\u044d\u043d\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u044f\u04481\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440 \u0445\u044b\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044d\u0436\u044b\u043d\u044b\u0435\u043f \u0441\u044d1\u043e.<\/p>\n

III<\/strong><\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: <\/strong> Sizi\u00a0 tan\u0131yabilir miyiz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eHAPLI Sevin\u00e7 Koma\u00e7: <\/strong> Manyas Hac\u0131osman k\u00f6y\u00fc do\u011fumlu ve 64\u00a0 ya\u015f\u0131nday\u0131m, Hac\u0131osman\u2019da oturuyorum. Ad\u0131m Sevin\u00e7 Koma\u00e7, \u015ehaptl\u0131 ailesindenim. E\u015fim \u00d6zcan Koma\u00e7, \u00a072 ya\u015f\u0131nda ve k\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fczden, \u00c7’\u0131v (\u00c7v\u0131u\/\u04271\u044b\u0443) ailesinden. Benim \u00e7ocuklu\u011fumda Wub\u0131h\u00e7a\u2019y\u0131 iyi bilenler vard\u0131 ve ya\u015fl\u0131lar aras\u0131nda konu\u015fuluyordu. Babam ve annem de Wub\u0131h\u00e7a konu\u015fuyorlard\u0131. Ben de konu\u015fulanlar\u0131 az \u00e7ok anl\u0131yordum. E\u015fim ise Wub\u0131h\u00e7a\u2019y\u0131 benden daha iyi bilir.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: <\/strong> Wub\u0131h\u00e7a ni\u00e7in unutuldu?K\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn Wub\u0131h\u00e7a ad\u0131 var m\u0131yd\u0131?Me\u015fe a\u011fac\u0131 sizin i\u00e7in bir anlam ta\u015f\u0131yor mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eHAPLI Sevin\u00e7 Koma\u00e7: <\/strong> Wub\u0131h\u00e7a\u2019y\u0131 konu\u015fanlar azd\u0131, sadece 3-5 k\u00f6yde bilinirdi, ayr\u0131ca k\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fcze ba\u015fkalar\u0131 yerle\u015fti, evlenme ve kar\u0131\u015fmalar oldu. San\u0131r\u0131m Wub\u0131h\u00e7a bu gibi nedenlerle s\u00f6nd\u00fc. \u00a0K\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn Wub\u0131h\u00e7a ad\u0131 “Lek’ua\u015fe\/K\u00f6lek\u00f6y” olarak bilinir. K\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn ortas\u0131nda, \u00a0hala, Adigelerin simgesi oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir me\u015fe a\u011fac\u0131m\u0131z var. Ayr\u0131ca K’ey Ps\u0131<\/strong> dedi\u011fimiz \u00e7ay k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na 50 metre mesafede, H\u0131drellez yerimizde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir me\u015fe a\u011fac\u0131 daha var, oras\u0131 bizim geleneksel dua yerimiz. Burada Abdullah Dede<\/strong> ad\u0131nda bir \u00c7erkes ermi\u015fe<\/strong> ait oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen bir mezar da var. Dedenin kabrinin \u00fczerine bir a\u011fa\u00e7 \u00e7at\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131, ama ayn\u0131 gece dedenin \u00e7at\u0131y\u0131 s\u00f6k\u00fcp 50 metre ilerideki \u00e7aya f\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenir. Bu olay oldu\u011funda ben 5-6 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131m, \u00e7at\u0131y\u0131 K’ey Ps\u0131’ya (\u0131rma\u011fa) at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f halde g\u00f6zlerimle g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Kabir daha sonra betonla \u00e7evrildi, \u00fcst\u00fc halen a\u00e7\u0131k.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: <\/strong> H\u0131drellez yerine hangi ama\u00e7larla gidiyordunuz? Adigece ile Wub\u0131h\u00e7a \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 m\u0131yd\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eHAPLI Sevin\u00e7 Koma\u00e7: <\/strong> Daha \u00e7ok ya\u011fmur duas\u0131 i\u00e7in giderdik. Ailelerin ilk \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ya\u011fmur ya\u011fmas\u0131 dile\u011fiyle suya sokulup \u0131slat\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Sonra dua edilir, metaz yenirdi. Ayr\u0131ca bebek 40 g\u00fcnl\u00fck oldu\u011funda\u00a0 K’ey Ps\u0131<\/strong> k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr, bereket, sa\u011fl\u0131k ve uzun \u00f6m\u00fcr dile\u011fiyle \u00e7aya bu\u011fday serpilirdi. Buna “Qelege ohej”<\/strong> denirdi. Ayr\u0131ca K’ey Ps\u0131 boyunda k\u0131zl\u0131 erkekli e\u011flenceler (gegu) d\u00fczenlenirdi. \u00a0Wub\u0131h\u00e7a Adigece\u2019den \u00e7ok farkl\u0131yd\u0131, ayn\u0131 s\u00f6zc\u00fcklerin anlamlar\u0131 bile farkl\u0131 olabiliyordu. \u00d6rne\u011fin, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u00a0“su” <\/strong>kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 Adigece\u2019de “ps\u0131”<\/strong>, Wub\u0131h\u00e7a\u2019da\u00a0ise “bz\u0131”<\/strong> d\u0131r. Oysa Adigece\u2019de “bz\u0131”<\/strong>,\u00a0su de\u011fil, “di\u015fi”\u00a0 <\/strong>anlam\u0131n\u0131 verir: “ha bz\u0131”- “di\u015fi k\u00f6pek”<\/strong> gibi.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: <\/strong> Manavlarla ili\u015fkileriniz nas\u0131ld\u0131? K\u00f6yde k\u00f6le olanlar da var m\u0131yd\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eHAPLI Sevin\u00e7 Koma\u00e7: <\/strong> Eskiden Manavlar\u0131 ve k\u00f6leleri i\u00e7imize sokmaz, onlar\u0131 uzak tutard\u0131k. Daha sonra, \u00f6nce k\u00f6le k\u0131zlar, ondan sonra da k\u00f6le gen\u00e7ler yava\u015f yava\u015f toplant\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131za (zekhes, ha\u00e7’e\u015f) al\u0131n\u0131r oldu. Bunlar\u0131 da ya\u015fad\u0131m. K\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fczde k\u00f6leler \u00e7o\u011funluktayd\u0131, Tevfik Esen\u00e7 de\u00a0k\u00f6le k\u00f6kenlidir.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: <\/strong> Eskiden k\u00f6lelerin efendilerinin \u00e7iftliklerinden ka\u00e7maya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131, bunun \u00fczerine k\u00f6le sahiplerinden bir heyetin \u0130stanbul’a gidip ka\u00e7ak k\u00f6lelerinin yakalan\u0131p kendilerine geri getirilmeleri i\u00e7in Padi\u015fah’tan yard\u0131m istedi\u011fi ama Padi\u015fah’\u0131n k\u00f6leli\u011fin kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, herkesin \u00f6zg\u00fcr oldu\u011funu ve bu konuda\u00a0 bir \u015fey\u00a0 yapamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi\u011fi ve bunun \u00fczerine efendilerin k\u00f6lelerini azat ettikleri s\u00f6yleniyor. Bunu duydunuz mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eHAPLI Sevin\u00e7 Koma\u00e7: <\/strong> Evet, duydum. Bunu bir\u00e7ok kez anlat\u0131rlarken duydum. Bu olay \u00fczerine, k\u00f6lelere ev yeri ve biraz da toprak verildi, hane sahibi olmalar\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131. Bu olay benden \u00e7ok \u00f6nceleri olmu\u015f,\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fcklerimiz anlat\u0131rlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: <\/strong> K\u00f6lelere topra\u011f\u0131 kim verdi, devlet mi? K\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fczde Sarayl\u0131lar var m\u0131yd\u0131? Wub\u0131h\u00e7a \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6ylendi\u011fini hi\u00e7 duydunuz mu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eHAPLI Sevin\u00e7 Koma\u00e7: <\/strong> K\u00f6lelere topra\u011f\u0131, sahipleri her kimler idiyseler onlar verdiler, topraklar\u0131ndan biraz\u0131n\u0131\u00a0 ay\u0131r\u0131p\u00a0 verdiler; devlet bu i\u015fe kar\u0131\u015fmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta Saray\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcp orada \u00f6zel olarak e\u011fitilen ak\u0131ll\u0131 ve \u00e7ok g\u00fczel, se\u00e7me k\u0131zlara Sarayl\u0131 diyorduk, k\u00f6y\u00fcm\u00fczde de birka\u00e7 Sarayl\u0131 vard\u0131. 20 y\u0131l \u00f6nce 92 ya\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6len Fehime Teyze (Dz\u0131be<\/strong>) de bir Sarayl\u0131yd\u0131, iyi Wub\u0131h\u00e7a bilirdi, bir\u00e7ok kez Wub\u0131h\u00e7a \u015fark\u0131 s\u00f6yledi\u011fine tan\u0131k oldum. K\u0131z ka\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn \u00f6ncesi bir evde, bir s\u00fcre emanet olarak konuk edilir, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn g\u00fcn\u00fc o\u011flan evine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc, biz buna “te\u00e7e”<\/strong> deriz, k\u0131z “te\u00e7e” edildi\u011fi evin “nengua\u015f”<\/strong>\u0131 (han\u0131m k\u0131z\u0131) olur. Ka\u00e7an k\u0131z, “te\u00e7e”\u00a0edilece\u011fi eve al\u0131n\u0131rken, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn g\u00fcn\u00fc o\u011flan evine al\u0131n\u0131rken ve tarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda erkekler Adigece toplu \u015fark\u0131lar s\u00f6ylerlerdi.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: <\/strong> Hastalara soylu k\u0131zlar\u0131n dua ve t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fcklerinin \u015fifa getirdi\u011fini, soylu k\u0131z t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fcklerinin (1\u0443\u043f\u0441\u044b)\u00a0 \u015fifa niyetine hastalara s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc duydunuz mu hi\u00e7? Nazara inan\u0131r m\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z? Hastalar i\u00e7in ne yap\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eHAPLI Sevin\u00e7 Koma\u00e7: <\/strong> Bizde soylular bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bir \u015fey s\u00f6yleyemem, b\u00f6yle \u015feyler de duymad\u0131m. \u00a0Nazara inan\u0131r\u0131m, ba\u015f\u0131mdan ge\u00e7ti. Hastalar\u0131 e\u011flendirmek ve oyalamak i\u00e7in tavana iple kuru ekmek as\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, el kullan\u0131lmadan ekme\u011fi yeme yar\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 d\u00fczenlenerek hastan\u0131n oyalanmaya ve rahatlat\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Buna “Upave”<\/strong> (Upaue\/1\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043e;dudak vurmas\u0131) denirdi.<\/p>\n

HAP\u0130 Cevdet Y\u0131ld\u0131z: <\/strong> K\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fczde Wub\u0131h\u00e7a bilen kimse kald\u0131 m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015eHAPLI Sevin\u00e7 Koma\u00e7: <\/strong> Niyazi day\u0131m Wub\u0131h\u00e7a\u2019y\u0131 bilir san\u0131r\u0131m. E\u015fim de\u00a0 Wub\u0131h\u00e7a\u2019y\u0131 benden iyi bilir ama hi\u00e7birimiz\u00a0 art\u0131k eskisi\u00a0 gibi d\u00fczg\u00fcn ve seri konu\u015famay\u0131z san\u0131yorum. 19. 08. 2007<\/p>\n

\u0423\u0411\u042b\u0425\u041c\u042d \u042f\u0425\u042c\u042b\u041b1\u0410\u0413\u042a\u042d\u0423 \u0413\u0423\u0428\u042d1\u042d\u0413\u042a\u0423\u0418\u0428<\/p>\n

III<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043f\u044b\u0439 \u0414\u0436\u044d\u0443\u0434\u044d\u0442 \u0419\u044b\u043b\u0434\u044b\u0437-\u0422\u044d\u0434\u044d \u0443\u0448\u044b\u0448, \u0445\u044d\u0442\u043c\u044d \u0443\u044f\u0448\u044b\u0448?<\/p>\n

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\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043f\u044b\u0439 \u0414\u0436\u044d\u0443\u0434\u044d\u0442 \u0419\u044b\u043b\u0434\u044b\u0437-\u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440 \u0448\u044a\u044b\u0434\u044d \u044f\u0448\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0443\u043f\u0448\u044d\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a?\u0428\u044a\u0443\u0438\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0443 \u04461\u044d \u04381\u0430\u0433\u044a\u0430?\u0427\u044b\u0433\u044d\u0435 \u0447\u044b\u0433\u044b\u043c \u0448\u044a\u043e\u0448 \u043f\u0430\u0435 \u043c\u044d\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043d\u044d \u04381\u0430?<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u043a\u044a\u044d\u0440 \u0431\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0433\u044c\u044d \u043a\u044a\u044f\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0447\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u043a\u044a\u044d\u043c \u0438\u04471\u044b1\u0443 \u0433\u044c\u044b\u0440\u0438 1\u0443\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u043a\u044a\u044d \u0443\u043d\u0430\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044d \u0442\u044d\u0442\u044d\u043f.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043f\u044b\u0439 \u0414\u0436\u044d\u0443\u0434\u044d\u0442 \u0419\u044b\u043b\u0434\u044b\u0437-\u041a\u044a\u044d\u0434\u044d\u043b\u044d\u0437 \u04471\u0430\u043f1\u043e\u043c \u0448\u044a\u044b\u0434 \u0444\u044d\u04481\u0433\u044c\u044d \u0448\u044a\u0443\u043a1\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a?\u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0430\u0431\u0437\u044d\u043c\u0440\u044d \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440 \u0437\u044d\u0442\u044d\u0444\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0448\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u0430?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0428\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043f\u043b\u044a\u044b \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0447-<\/strong>\u041d\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0431\u044d\u043c\u0433\u044c\u044d \u043e\u0436\u044a\u0443\u0431\u044d\u043d\u044d \u0434\u044b\u0443\u0430\u0445\u044c \u043a\u044a\u044d\u0442\u0445\u044c\u044b\u043d \u0444\u044d\u04481\u0433\u044c\u044d \u041a\u044a\u044d\u0434\u044d\u043b\u044d\u0437 \u04471\u0430\u043f1\u043e\u043c \u0442\u044b\u043a1\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0423\u043d\u0430\u0433\u044a\u043e\u043c\u044d \u044f\u043f\u044d\u0440\u044d \u04471\u0430\u043b\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043e\u0448\u0445 \u043a\u044a\u0435\u0448\u0445\u044b\u043d \u0444\u044d\u04481\u0433\u044c\u044d \u043f\u0441\u044b\u043c \u0445\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u044f\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443\u04461\u044b\u043d\u044b\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0410\u0448 \u043d\u044d\u0436\u044b\u043c \u0434\u044b\u0443\u0430\u0445\u044c \u043a\u044a\u0430\u0445\u044c\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u044d\u0442\u0430\u0437 \u044f\u0448\u0445\u044b\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0410\u0448 \u043d\u044d\u043c\u044b\u04471\u044d\u0443 \u04471\u044d\u043b\u044d \u04461\u044b\u043a1\u0443\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0440 \u043c\u044d\u0444\u044d 40 \u0437\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0440\u044d\u043c \u041a1\u044d\u0439 \u043f\u0441\u044b \u0433\u044a\u0443\u043d\u044d\u043c \u044f\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0440\u0438, \u0433\u044a\u044d\u0431\u044d\u0436\u044a\u0443\u043c\u0440\u044d \u043f\u0441\u044d\u043e\u043d\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c\u0440\u044d \u0445\u044d\u0442\u044d\u0443, \u043d\u044b\u0431\u0436\u044b \u043a1\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0443 \u0448\u044b1\u044d\u043d \u0444\u044d\u04481\u0433\u044c\u044d \u0444\u044d\u043b\u044a\u04301\u043e\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u043f\u0441\u044b\u0445\u044a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u04461 \u04461\u044d \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0445\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u044a\u043e\u0443 \u0445\u044d\u0431\u0437\u0430\u0433\u044a. \u041c\u044b\u0448 \u201c\u041a\u044a\u044d\u043b\u044d\u0433\u044c\u044d 1\u043e\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0436\u201d <\/strong>\u0440\u04301\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a.<\/p>\n

\u041c\u044b\u0445\u044d\u043c\u044d \u0430\u043d\u044d\u043c\u044b\u04471\u044d\u0443 \u041a1\u044d\u0439 \u043f\u0441\u044b \u0448\u044a\u043e\u0444\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0448\u044a\u0430\u0448\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043c\u0440\u044d \u04471\u0430\u043b\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0442\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0433\u044c\u044d\u0433\u0443\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0448\u044f\u04481\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a.<\/p>\n

\u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u043c\u0440\u044d \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0430\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440 \u0431\u043e \u0437\u044d\u0442\u044d\u0444\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445, \u0437\u044d\u0444\u044d\u0434\u044d\u043a\u044a\u0430\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0443 \u0437\u044b \u0433\u0443\u0447\u044d1\u044d \u0437\u0430\u043a\u044a\u043e\u043c \u0437\u044d\u0442\u044d\u0444\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u043c\u044d\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043d\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0413\u0443\u0447\u04301\u044d\u043c \u0444\u044d\u04481\u0433\u044c\u044d \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0430\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0443 \u201c\u043f\u0441\u044b\u201d\u043c \u0438\u0431\u043b\u044d\u043a1 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u043c\u0433\u044c\u044d \u201c\u0431\u0437\u044b\u201d\u00a0 \u043c\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0443. \u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0430\u0431\u0437\u044d\u043c\u0433\u044c\u044d \u201c\u0431\u0437\u044b\u201d\u043c \u201c\u043f\u0441\u044b\u201d \u043c\u044d\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043d\u044d \u043a\u044a\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044d\u043f, \u201d\u0431\u0437\u044b\u201d\u043c, \u201d\u0445\u044a\u043e\u0443 \u0448\u044b\u043c\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0440\u201d \u043c\u044d\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043d\u044d \u043a\u044a\u0435\u0442\u044b, \u201d\u0445\u044c\u0430 \u0431\u0437\u044b\u201d \u0444\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0443.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043f\u044b\u0439 \u0414\u0436\u044d\u0443\u0434\u044d\u0442 \u0419\u044b\u043b\u0434\u044b\u0437-\u041c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0445\u044d\u043c\u0440\u044d \u0448\u044a\u0443\u044f\u0437\u0444\u044d\u0433\u0443 \u0442\u043e \u0448\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a?\u0428\u044a\u0443\u0438\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u044d\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u0430?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0428\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043f\u043b\u044a\u044b \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0447-<\/strong>\u0418\u043f\u044d\u043c \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0443\u0445\u044d\u043c\u0440\u044d\u00a0 (\u0437\u044b \u043b\u044a\u044d\u043f\u044d\u043a\u043e \u043b\u044a\u044d\u043f\u043a\u044a) \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0437\u0445\u044d\u0434\u0433\u044a\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043f, \u0442\u043f\u044d\u0447\u044b\u0436\u044d\u0443 \u0442\u044b\u0443\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445. \u041d\u0430\u0445\u044c \u043d\u044d\u0443\u0436\u044b\u043c, \u044f\u043f\u044d\u0443 \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1 \u043f\u0448\u044a\u0430\u0448\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440, \u0430\u0448 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u043a1\u044d\u043b\u044a\u044b\u043a1\u043e\u0443\u0438 \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1 \u04471\u0430\u043b\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043c\u044d\u04471\u044d \u043c\u0430\u04471\u044d\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0437\u0445\u044d\u0434\u0433\u044a\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0443, \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0441\u0445\u044d\u043c, \u0445\u044c\u0430\u04471\u044d\u0448\u0445\u044d\u043c \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u044f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u044a. \u041c\u044b\u0445\u044d\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u044f1\u0443\u04471\u044d\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u043c\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445. \u0422\u0438\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0433\u044c\u044d \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0431\u044d\u0433\u044c\u044d \u043d\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0431\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445, \u0422\u0435\u0439\u0444\u0438\u043a \u0415\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u0433\u044a.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043f\u044b\u0439 \u0414\u0436\u044d\u0443\u0434\u044d\u0442 \u0419\u044b\u043b\u0434\u044b\u0437-\u0418\u043f\u044d\u043c \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0445\u044d\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0436\u0445\u044d\u0443, \u0437\u0438\u0435\u0445\u044d\u043c \u0430\u0444\u044d\u043c\u044b1\u043e\u0440\u044b\u04481\u044d\u0436\u0445\u044d\u0443, \u043c\u044b\u0434\u04301\u043e\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0436\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443, \u043c\u044b\u0448 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0445\u044d\u043a1\u044d\u0443 \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1 \u0437\u04381\u0435 \u0437\u044b \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u043f \u0418\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0443\u043b \u043a1\u0443\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443, \u041f\u0430\u0442\u0448\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044b\u043c 1\u0443\u04471\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443, \u044f\u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u044f\u0443\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0436\u044b\u043d \u0444\u044d\u04481\u0433\u044c\u044d \u041f\u0430\u0442\u0448\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0440 \u0434\u044d1\u044d\u043f\u044b1\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u0430\u0444\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0443\u043d\u0433\u044c\u044d \u0435\u043b\u044a\u044d1\u0443\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0443, \u0430\u0443 \u041f\u0430\u0442\u0448\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u044d\u0433\u044c\u044b\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0444\u0438\u0442\u044d\u0443 \u0445\u044a\u0443\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445, \u0441\u0444\u044d\u04481\u044d\u0436\u0448\u044a\u0443\u043d \u043a\u044a\u044d\u043d\u044d\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f \u043a\u044a\u0430\u0440\u04381\u0443\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443, \u043c\u044b\u0448 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0445\u044d\u043a1\u044d\u0443 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0435\u0445\u044d\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0440\u00a0 \u044f\u04421\u044b\u043f\u0448\u044b\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u044f1\u043e\u0442\u044d\u0436\u044b. \u041c\u044b\u0440 \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043f\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0430?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0428\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043f\u043b\u044a\u044b \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0447-<\/strong>\u0417\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0441\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u041c\u044b \u043a\u044a\u044d\u0431\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0440 \u0431\u044d\u0440\u044d \u043a\u044a\u044f1\u043e\u0442\u044d\u0436\u044d\u0443 \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0441\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u041c\u044b\u0440 \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u044d\u043d\u044d\u0443\u0436\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u043c\u044d \u0443\u043d\u044d \u04471\u0430\u043f1\u043e\u0440\u044d \u04471\u044b\u0433\u0443 \u04421\u044d\u043a1\u0443\u0440\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u044f\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u0445\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0430\u0433\u044a\u043e \u044f\u04481\u044b\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u044f1\u043e\u0442\u044d\u0436\u044b\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u041c\u044b\u0440 \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0443\u043c \u0441\u044d \u0441\u044b\u043a\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f, \u0441\u044d \u0441\u044f\u043f\u044d, \u00a0\u0431\u043e \u0438\u043f\u044d \u0445\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u0442\u0438 \u0436\u044a\u044b\u043c\u044d \u043a\u044a\u044f1\u043e\u0442\u044d\u0436\u044d\u0443 \u0431\u044d\u0440\u044d \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0441\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043f\u044b\u0439 \u0414\u0436\u044d\u0443\u0434\u044d\u0442 \u0419\u044b\u043b\u0434\u044b\u0437- \u041f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u043c\u044d \u04471\u044b\u0433\u0443\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044d\u0443 \u044f\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u041f\u0430\u0442\u0448\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044b\u043c, \u0434\u044d\u0443\u043b\u044d\u0442\u044b\u043c\/\u043a\u044a\u044d\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0433\u044a\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u0430\u0440\u0430?\u0428\u044a\u0443\u0438\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d \u041f\u0430\u0442\u0448\u0430\u0445\u044c \u0421\u044d\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c \u044f\u0448\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d \u0431\u0437\u044b\u043b\u044a\u0444\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u044d\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u0430?\u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u043e\u0440\u044d\u0434 \u043a\u044a\u044f1\u043e\u0443 \u0437\u0438 \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043f\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0430?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0428\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043f\u043b\u044a\u044b \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0447-<\/strong> \u0425\u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0436\u00a0 \u0438\u04471\u044b\u0433\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u043f\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u04471\u044b\u0433\u0443 \u04421\u044d\u043a1\u0443 \u0438\u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b \u0440\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a.<\/p>\n

\u04261\u044b\u043a1\u0443 \u0434\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0443 \u0418\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0443\u043b \u0421\u044d\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c \u044f\u0448\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u0448 \u0448\u044f\u0433\u044a\u0430\u0441\u044d\u0440\u044d \u0431\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0445\u044d\u0443, \u00a0\u0445\u044d\u0448\u044b\u043f\u044b\u043a1\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0443, \u00a01\u0443\u0448\u044d\u0443 \u0448\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u043f\u0448\u044a\u0430\u0448\u044a\u044d\u043c\u044d\/\u0431\u0437\u044b\u043b\u044a\u0444\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c\u044d \u0421\u044d\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u044f\u04421\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u0442\u0438\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d \u0421\u044d\u0440\u0430\u0438\u043c \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0434\u044d\u043a1\u044b\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u0441\u044d\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0443\u043b\u044d \u0434\u044d\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0418\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441 20 \u0444\u044d\u0434\u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043f\u044d \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441 92 \u0438\u043d\u044b\u0431\u0436\u044d\u0443 \u043b\u044d\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u0414\u0437\u044b\u0431\u044d \u0424\u044d\u0445\u044c\u0438\u043c\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u044d\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044d\u0443 \u0448\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440 \u0434\u044d\u0433\u044a\u043e\u0443 \u0438\u04481\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u0431\u044d\u0440\u044d \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u043e\u0440\u044d\u0434 \u043a\u044a\u04381\u043e\u0443 \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0441\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a.<\/p>\n

\u041f\u0448\u044a\u0430\u0448\u044a\u044d\u0440 \u0437\u044b\u04471\u044d\u043a1\u044d\u043a1\u044b\u0440\u044d\u043c, \u043d\u044b\u0441\u044d\u0448\u044d \u043c\u0430\u0444\u044d\u043c \u043d\u044d\u0441 \u0437\u044b\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0433\u044a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044d\u043c \u0438\u0434\u044d\u0436 \u044f\u0448\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u0448\u044f\u0445\u044c\u0430\u04471\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u043d\u044b\u0441\u044d\u0448\u044d \u043c\u0430\u0444\u044d\u043c \u043f\u0448\u044a\u0430\u0448\u044a\u044d\u0440 \u04471\u0430\u043b\u044d\u043c \u0438\u0443\u043d\u044d \u044f\u0448\u044d\u0436\u044b\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u043c\u044b\u0448 \u0442\u044d \u201c\u0442\u0435\u0447\u044d\u201d \u0435\u04421\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u043f\u0448\u044a\u0430\u0448\u044a\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u201c\u0442\u0435\u0447\u044d\u201d \u0437\u044b\u0444\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a\u044d \u0443\u043d\u0430\u0433\u044a\u043e\u043c \u0438\u201d\u043d\u044d\u043d\u0433\u0443\u0430\u0448\u044d\u0443\u201d \u0445\u044a\u0443\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0414\u044d\u043a1\u043e\u043d \u0444\u044d\u04481\u0433\u044c\u044d \u04471\u044d\u043a1\u044d\u043a1\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u043f\u0448\u044a\u0430\u0448\u044a\u044d\u0440 \u201c\u0442\u0435\u0447\u044d\u201d \u0437\u044b\u0444\u0430\u04481\u044b\u0448\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u044d\u043c \u0440\u044f\u0448\u044d \u0437\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0440\u044d\u043c, \u043d\u044b\u0441\u044d\u0440 \u04471\u0430\u043b\u044d\u043c \u0438\u0443\u043d\u044d \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0448\u044d\u0436\u044b \u0437\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0440\u044d\u043c, \u043c\u044d\u0448\u0445\u044d\u043c 1\u043e\u0444 \u0448\u044b\u0440\u0430\u04481\u044d\u0443, \u0440\u044d\u0433\u044c\u0430\u0445\u044c\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0437\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443\u0445\u044d\u0440\u044d\u043c \u0437\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0441\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0443, \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0442\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u0443\u043b\u044a\u0444\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c\u044d \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0430\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0443 \u043e\u0440\u044d\u0434\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0437\u044d\u0434\u04301\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043f\u044b\u0439 \u0414\u0436\u044d\u0443\u0434\u044d\u0442 \u0419\u044b\u043b\u0434\u044b\u0437-\u041e\u0440\u043a\u044a \u043f\u0448\u044a\u0430\u0448\u044a\u044d\u043c\u044d \u044f\u0434\u044b\u0443\u0430\u0445\u044c\u0445\u044d\u0440 1\u044d\u0437\u044d\u0433\u044a\u043e\u0443 \u0448\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0443, \u043e\u0440\u043a\u044a \u043f\u0448\u044a\u0430\u0448\u044a\u044d\u043c\u044d \u044f1\u0443\u043f\u0441\u0445\u044d\u0440\u0438 1\u044d\u0437\u044d\u0433\u044a\u043e\u0443 \u0445\u044a\u0443\u043d \u0444\u044d\u04481\u0433\u044c\u044d \u0441\u044b\u043c\u0430\u0433\u044c\u044d\u043c\u044d \u044f\u0448\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0444\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u044d\u04371\u043e\u0442\u044d\u0436\u0440\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0448\u044b1\u044d\u0445, \u043c\u044b\u0440 \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043f\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0430?\u041d\u044d \u0442\u044d\u0444\u044d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0433\u044c\u044d\/\u043d\u044d\u0437\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0433\u044c\u044d \u04481\u043e\u04481\u0445\u044a\u0443\u043d\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u0443\u04381\u0430?\u0421\u044b\u043c\u0430\u0433\u044c\u044d\u043c\u044d \u044f\u0444\u044d\u04481\u0433\u044c\u044d \u0448\u044a\u044b\u0434 \u0433\u044c\u044d\u0433\u0443\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0448\u044a\u0443\u04481\u044b\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0428\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043f\u043b\u044a\u044b \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0447-<\/strong> \u0422\u044d \u043e\u0440\u043a\u044a\u0445\u044d\u0440, \u043b1\u044d\u043a\u044a\u043e\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0448\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u0445\u044d\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f, \u0430\u0448 \u0444\u044d\u04481\u0433\u044c\u044d \u0437\u0438 \u04411\u043e\u043d \u0441\u04471\u044a\u044d\u0440\u044d\u043f, \u0430\u0448 \u0444\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u044f1\u0443\u0430\u0442\u044d\u0443\u0438 \u0437\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0441\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f.<\/p>\n

\u041d\u044d \u043a\u044d\u044b\u043f\u0442\u044d\u0444\u044d\u043d\u044b\u0440 \u0441\u04481\u043e\u04481 \u043c\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0443, \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0441\u044d\u043e\u043b1\u0430\u0433\u044a. \u0421\u044b\u043c\u0430\u0433\u044c\u044d\u043c\u044d \u044f\u0433\u0443\u0436 \u044f\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0434\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043a1\u044b\u043d, \u044f\u0433\u0443\u0430\u043f\u044d \u044f\u04481\u044b\u043d \u0444\u044d\u04481\u0433\u044c\u044d, \u04471\u0430\u043f\u0448\u044d \u0437\u044f\u04481\u044b\u0440\u044d\u043c\u0438\u00a0 \u043a1\u0430\u0448\u044a\u043e\u043c \u043a1\u0430\u043f\u0441\u044d\u0433\u044c\u044d \u0445\u044c\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0443 \u043f\u044b\u0440\u0430\u04481\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a, 1\u044d\u0433\u044c\u044d \u043d\u044d\u043c\u044b\u0441\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0445\u044c\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0440 \u044f\u0448\u0445\u044b\u043d \u0444\u044d\u04481\u0433\u044c\u044d \u0437\u044d\u043d\u044d\u043a\u044a\u043e\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445, \u043c\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044d\u0443 \u0441\u044b\u043c\u0430\u0433\u044c\u044d\u043c \u0438\u043c\u044b\u04481\u0430\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0438\u0443\u0430\u0445\u044a\u0442\u044d \u044f\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043a1\u0443\u0430\u0442\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u043c\u044b\u0440 \u0431\u044d\u0440\u044d \u0441\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a\u044d. \u041c\u044b\u0448 \u201c1\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043e\u201d \u0440\u044f1\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a.<\/p>\n

\u0425\u044c\u0430\u043f\u044b\u0439 \u0414\u0436\u044d\u0443\u0434\u044d\u0442 \u0419\u044b\u043b\u0434\u044b\u0437- \u0428\u044a\u0443\u0438\u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d \u0437\u0438\u04481\u044d\u0436\u0440\u044d \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0434\u044d\u043d\u044d\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0430?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0428\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043f\u043b\u044a\u044b \u0421\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0447 \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0447- <\/strong> \u0421\u044f\u043d\u044d\u0448\u044d\u0443\u00a0 \u041d\u0438\u044f\u0437\u0438\u0438\u043c \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440 \u0438\u04481\u044d\u043d \u0444\u0430\u0439. \u0421\u0438\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0441\u0438 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0440 \u0441\u044d\u0448\u043d\u0430\u0445\u044c \u0434\u044d\u0433\u044a\u043e\u0443 \u0435\u04481\u044d. \u0410\u0443 \u0438\u043f\u044d\u0440\u044d\u043c \u0444\u044d\u0434\u044d\u0443, \u0433\u044c\u044b \u0437\u044d\u043a1\u044d\u043b\u044a\u044b\u043a1\u043e\u0443, \u043a\u044a\u0430\u0431\u0437\u044d\u0443 \u0442\u044b\u0433\u0443\u0447\u044d1\u044d\u0436\u044b\u0448\u044a\u0443\u043d\u0433\u044c\u044d \u0446\u0430\u0445\u044c \u0434\u044d\u0434\u044d \u0441\u0444\u044d\u0441\u04481\u044b\u0436\u044b\u0440\u044d\u043f, \u0446\u0430\u0445\u044c \u0434\u044d\u0434\u044d \u0441\u04381\u044d\u0436\u044d\u043f. 19. 08. 2007<\/p>\n

D\u0130PNOTLAR:
\n1)<\/strong> II. Abd\u00fclhamid’in anal\u0131\u011f\u0131 Perestu<\/strong> Valide Sultan\u00a0 ile \u00fcnl\u00fc Psikiyatrist Prof. Dr. Ayhan Songar da\u00a0\u00a0 Gogen ailesinden idiler (\u041f\u0430\u0442\u0448\u0430\u0445\u044c \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0434 \u04421\u0443\u0440 \u0437\u0438\u043f1\u0443\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u041f\u0430\u0442\u0448\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044b\u043c \u044f\u043d\u044d\u0443 \u044f\u043b\u044a\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u041f\u044d\u0440\u044d\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043c\u0440\u044d \u0433\u044c\u044b \u043b1\u044d\u0436\u044c\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0410\u0439\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043d \u0421\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0440\u0438 \u0413\u043e\u0433\u044c\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445).
\n2) <\/strong>19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, “kua\u015fkha” denen etkili bir zengin k\u00f6yl\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, Wub\u0131h n\u00fcfusunun d\u00f6rtte biri dolay\u0131ndaki geni\u015f bir k\u00f6le n\u00fcfusunu kullan\u0131yordu, ayr\u0131ca insan (k\u00f6le ve esir) ticareti de yap\u0131l\u0131yordu (Daha geni\u015f bilgi i\u00e7in bk. L. \u0130. Lavrov, “Vub\u0131kh’lar Hakk\u0131nda Etnografik Bir Ara\u015ft\u0131rma”, Kafkasya Ger\u00e7e\u011fi Dergisi, Samsun, 1992, say\u0131 8, s. 46-59). 1864’te, s\u0131n\u0131fsal varl\u0131k ve zenginlikleri k\u00f6le sahipli\u011fine ve ticaretine dayanan, ama o g\u00fcn\u00fcn ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, kendi toplumlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde politik a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir konumda olan kua\u015fkhalar\u0131n, 1861’de k\u00f6leli\u011fi kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olan bir Rusya’da, kendileri i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak ve hizmet edecek k\u00f6leleri olmadan, Eyl\u00fcl 1861’de Ruslar\u0131n g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi Kuban Irma\u011f\u0131 boylar\u0131na yerle\u015fmeyi benimsemeleri olanaks\u0131zd\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hi\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmazlar ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 da bilmezlerdi. Ruslar\u0131n da, T\u00fcrklerle \u00e7ok yanl\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011flar\u0131 bulunan Wub\u0131hlar\u0131n, \u00a0k\u00f6le sahipli\u011fine ve ticaretine dayanan d\u00fczenlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrerek Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda, stratejik a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olan bir yerde, \u015e’a\u00e7e’de (So\u00e7i\u2019de)\u00a0 k\u00f6le sahipli\u011fi d\u00fczenini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren bir toplum olarak kalmalar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmeleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemezdi. \u00a0Nitekim, Mart 1864’te, Rus Generali Heyman, Wub\u0131hlara g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi mektubunda, Wub\u0131hlar\u0131 yumu\u015fak karn\u0131ndan vuruyor, \u00f6zetle de \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yordu: E\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 al\u0131p ya da bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 bize sat\u0131p serbest\u00e7e\u00a0 T\u00fcrkiye’ye gidebilirsiniz, isteyenlere\u00a0 Kuban Irma\u011f\u0131 boylar\u0131nda toprak verece\u011fiz;direnmeye kalk\u0131\u015f\u0131rsan\u0131z, \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fcze y\u00fcr\u00fcr, hepinizi k\u00f6lesiz ve hizmet\u00e7isiz olarak\u00a0 Azak Denizi\u00a0 k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131na s\u00fcrerim <\/strong>(\u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445\u043c\u044d \u044f\u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044d \u044f\u044f\u0433\u044a. \u0423\u0440\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0435\u043c \u04461\u044b\u0444\/\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0440 \u0448\u044d\u043d-\u0448\u044d\u0444\u044b\u043d 1\u043e\u0444 \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044b\u0436\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f, \u0430\u0443 \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445\u043c\u044d, \u0430\u043d\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0431\u044d\u0443\u00a0 \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\/\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0440\u00a0 \u043f\u0448\u044a\u044d\u0448\u044a\u044d \u0434\u0430\u0445\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0442\u044b\u043a\u0443\u0445\u044d\u043c\u044d \u044f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\/\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0440\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0430\u0431\u0434\u0437\u0430\u0445\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043c, \u0434\u0436\u0438\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0445\u044d\u043c, \u0430\u0431\u0445\u044a\u0430\u0437\/\u0430\u0437\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043c \u044f1\u044d\u0440\u0430\u0448\u044d\u0444\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u044b\u043a\u0443\u0445\u044d\u043c \u044f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u044d\u0448\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. 1861 \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441\u044b\u043c \u0423\u0440\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0435\u043c \u04461\u044b\u0444 \u0431\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u043d\u044b\u0440\u0438 \u04381\u044d\u0442\u044b\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u041c\u044b\u0440, \u00a0\u0446\u044b\u0444\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0437\u0438\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u0440\u044d \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044d \u044f1\u043e\u0444 \u043a\u044a\u0435\u043a1\u0443\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f. \u0423\u0440\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0435\u043c \u041f\u0448\u044b\u0437\u044d 1\u0443\u0448\u044a\u043e\u043c 1\u0443\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u0438\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d \u04471\u044b\u0433\u0443\u0445\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u044f1\u043e\u0444 \u043a\u044a\u0435\u043a1\u0443\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f. \u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0435\u0445\u044d\u043c \u0437\u044d\u043e \u043c\u0430\u04481\u043e\u0440 \u04471\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0433\u044a. \u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u044f\u043f\u044d \u0438\u0442\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440, 1861 \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441\u044b\u043c\u00a0 \u0443\u0440\u044b\u0441 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0448\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044b\u043c \u0435\u0437\u044d\u0433\u044a\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043f. \u0417\u044d \u0443\u0446\u0443\u0433\u044a\u044d \u0437\u0430\u043e\u043c \u0438\u04471\u044d\u0440\u044b\u04471\u044d\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u0438\u0443\u0431\u043b\u044d\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0410\u0431\u0434\u0437\u0430\u0445\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 1863 \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0448\u044b\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044d1\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0437\u044d, \u00a0\u0448\u0430\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0445\u044d\u0440\u0438 1863 \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0447\u044a\u044d\u043f\u044b\u043e\u0433\u044a\u0443\u00a0 \u043c\u0430\u0437\u044d \u043d\u044d\u0441\u044b\u0444\u044d \u0443\u0440\u044b\u0441\u043c\u044d \u044f\u0437\u044d\u0443\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445, \u0430\u0448 \u0448\u0438\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u0430\u0448\u044d\u0440 \u044f\u0433\u044a\u044d\u04421\u044b\u043b\u044a\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445\u0445\u044d\u0440, \u0443\u0440\u044b\u0441\u043c\u044d \u044f\u043c\u044b\u0437\u044d\u0433\u044a\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0445\u044a\u0443\u0448\u0442\u044b\u043c \u043f\u044d\u043f\u043b\u044a\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445. \u00a01864 \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0442\u0445\u044d\u043f\u044d \u043c\u0430\u0437\u044d\u043c \u0443\u0440\u044b\u0441\u044b \u0434\u0437\u044d\u043c \u0438\u0442\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044d\u0443 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0440\u0430\u043b \u0413\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0430\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445\u043c\u044d \u043c\u043e\u0448\u0442\u044d\u0443 \u0437\u044b \u0442\u0445\u044b\u043b\u044a \u043a\u044a\u0430\u0444\u044b\u0440\u0438\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0433\u044a:\u0428\u044a\u0443\u043a\u044a\u044b\u0441\u044d\u0434\u044d1\u0443\u043c\u044d \u0448\u044a\u0443\u04381\u044d \u043f\u0441\u044d\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0448\u044a\u04431\u044d \u04471\u044d\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u0422\u044b\u0440\u043a\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0448\u044a\u0443\u043a1\u043e\u043d\u0433\u044c\u044d \u0448\u044a\u0443\u0444\u0438\u0442, \u0448\u044a\u043e\u0448\u044a\u0443\u0448\u044b\u0448\u044d\u0443 \u041f\u0448\u044b\u0437\u044d 1\u0443\u0448\u044a\u043e\u043c 1\u0443\u04421\u044b\u0441\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043d \u0437\u044b\u0444\u044d\u0435\u0448\u0442\u0445\u044d\u043c\u0438 \u04471\u044b\u0433\u0443 \u044f\u0442\u0442\u044b\u0448\u0442. \u041c\u044b\u0434\u04301\u043e\u0445\u044d\u0440\u044d\u043c \u044f\u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u044f\u0442\u044d\u0441\u0445\u044b\u043d\u0438 \u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0442\u044d\u0443 \u0441\u04481\u044b\u0448\u0442, \u0448\u044a\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u0440\u044d \u0443\u043d\u044d1\u0443\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044d \u0448\u044a\u0443\u043c\u04381\u044d\u0436\u044d\u0443 \u0425\u044b \u041c\u044b\u0443\u04421\u044d (\u0410\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0425\u044b) \u0433\u044a\u0443\u043d\u044d\u043c \u0448\u044a\u0443\u0441\u0444\u044b\u043d\u0438 \u0448\u044a\u04431\u0443\u0437\u0433\u044a\u044d\u04421\u044b\u0441\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0448\u0442. \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0442\u0445\u044b\u043b\u044a \u0444\u044d\u04481\u0433\u044c\u044d \u0448\u044a\u0443\u044d\u043f\u043b\u044a:General Geyman’\u0131n s\u00f6zkonusu mektubu i\u00e7in bk. T. V. Polovinkina, \u00a0“\u00c7erkesya, G\u00f6n\u00fcl Yaram”, Ankara, 2007, \u00a0s. 252-253). Kua\u015fkhalar\u0131n ve onlar taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen Wub\u0131hlar\u0131n, Rusya’da, gelecek diye bir \u015fanslar\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ama bu\u00a0 \u015fans, ayn\u0131 s\u0131ralarda, \u00a0Osmanl\u0131 Devleti taraf\u0131ndan kendilerine tan\u0131nd\u0131:1855’te yasaklam\u0131\u015f olan \u00c7erkes k\u00f6le ticareti, 1857’de yeniden\u00a0 serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131, 1860 sonras\u0131nda da Trabzon ve Samsun’da \u00c7erkes esir pazarlar\u0131 kuruldu, \u00c7erkes k\u00f6leler \u00e7ok ucuza sat\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131 <\/strong> (Prof. Dr. \u0130smail Parlat\u0131r, Tanzimat Edebiyat\u0131nda K\u00f6lelik, \u00a0Ankara, 1992, \u00a0s. 18-19). B\u00f6ylece Wub\u0131h kua\u015fkhalar, kendileri i\u00e7in bir ya\u015fam olana\u011f\u0131 bulunmayan Rusya yerine, T\u00fcrkiye yolunu se\u00e7tiler. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, 1880’lerde Polovinkina’ya g\u00f6re, Kafkasya’daki Wub\u0131h n\u00fcfusu\u00a0 80 (Seksen)\u00a0 ki\u015fiye d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc (Age, s. 317). (\u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u04461\u044b\u0444\u044b\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044d \u043f\u0447\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c \u0448\u044b\u0448\u044d\u0443 \u043f\u043b1\u0430\u043d\u044d\u0440 \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u041c\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044d \u044f\u044f\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445. 1861 \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441\u044b\u043c \u0423\u0440\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0440\u00a0 \u04381\u044d\u0442\u044b\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044d \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u044f\u043c\u044b1\u044d\u0436\u044d\u0443 \u041a\u044a\u0430\u0444\u043a\u044a\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a\u044a\u0438\u043d\u044d\u0436\u044b\u043d\u044b\u0440 \u044f1\u043e\u0444 \u043a\u044a\u0435\u043a1\u0443\u043d\u044d\u0443 \u0448\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f. \u0410 \u0443\u0430\u0445\u044a\u0442\u044d\u043c \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043f\u044d, 1855 \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441\u044b\u043c \u0422\u044b\u0440\u043a\u0443\u0435\u043c (\u041e\u0441\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043b\u044b \u041f\u0430\u0442\u0448\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043c) \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\/\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0440 \u0448\u044d\u043d \u0448\u044d\u0444\u044b\u043d\u044b\u0440 \u0445\u044d\u0431\u0437\u044d\u043c\u044b\u0434\u044d\u0443 \u0438\u0448\u0442\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0430\u0433\u044a, \u0430\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441\u0438\u04421\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u043d\u044d\u0443\u0436, 1857 \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1 \u0448\u044d\u043d \u0448\u044d\u0444\u044d\u043d\u044b\u0440 \u0444\u0438\u0442\u044d\u0443 \u0438\u04481\u044b\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a, 1860 \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441\u044b\u043c \u0448\u0435\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0436\u0430\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u0422\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0440\u044d (Trabzon) \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0441\u0443\u043d\u0440\u044d\u043c\u0433\u044c\u044d (Samsun) \u0430\u0434\u044b\u0433\u044d \u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\/\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0440 \u0431\u044d\u0434\u0437\u044d\u0440\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0448\u044b\u0437\u044d1\u0443\u0430\u0445\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445. \u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0435\u0445\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u044f\u043f\u0448\u044b\u043b1\u044b\u0445\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u044f\u04471\u044b\u0433\u044ae\u0445\u044d\u0443, \u0430\u0434\u0440\u044d \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u044d\u043a\u044a\u043e\u043b1\u0445\u044d\u0440\u0438\u00a0 \u044f\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0441\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0422\u044b\u0440\u043a\u0443\u0435\u043c \u043a\u044a\u0435\u043a1\u0443\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445-\u0425\u044c\u0414\u0436\u0419)<\/p>\n

Bu arada, ek bir bilgi olarak, 19. y\u00fczy\u0131ldan kalma\u00a0 eski geleneksel\u00a0 Wub\u0131h (kua\u015fkha) evi \u00f6rneklerinin, \u00f6zellikle\u00a0 G\u00f6nen Derek\u00f6y’de ve daha ba\u015fka k\u00f6ylerde hala ayakta oldu\u011funu ilgilenenlere duyururuz (\u0423\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0413\u0443\u043d\u044d\u043d \u041f\u0448\u044d\u043a\u044a\u044d\u043a\u043e\u0439\u0440\u044d \u043d\u044d\u043c\u044b\u04471 \u043a\u044a\u0443\u0430\u0434\u0436\u044d\u0445\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u044a\u0430\u0434\u044d\u043d\u044d\u0436\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u0430\u0434\u044d\u0442\u044b\u0445). \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

19.ncu y\u00fczy\u0131l sonlar\u0131nda, Manyas’ta bir “Wub\u0131h K\u00f6le Ayaklanmas\u0131” <\/strong>ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00a0K\u00f6lelerin, \u00a0giderek efendilerinin \u00e7iftliklerinden ka\u00e7maya ba\u015flad\u0131klar\u0131, k\u00f6lelerle ba\u015f edemeyen k\u00f6le sahiplerinin de, \u00a0“Ka\u00e7an k\u00f6lelerinin yakalan\u0131p kendilerine teslim edilmelerinin sa\u011flanmalar\u0131”\u00a0 i\u00e7in Padi\u015fah’a ba\u015fvurduklar\u0131, ama “Osmanl\u0131 \u00fclkesinde k\u00f6leli\u011fin kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu”\u00a0 yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131klar\u0131;bunun \u00fczerine Manyas Wub\u0131h ekonomisinin \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, Wub\u0131h toplumunun da da\u011f\u0131lmaya y\u00fcz tuttu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmektedir (Bu ayaklanma haberini, ilkin rahmetli Orhan Alpaslan S\u0131mha’dan aktarma olarak, rahmetli \u0130zzet Aydemir’in o\u011flu Be\u00e7han Aydemir’den duymu\u015ftum). \u0130lgilenenlerin bilgisine -HCY
\n3)<\/strong> Ps\u0131\u015fha (Ps\u0131cha)- Suba\u015f\u0131, \u0131rma\u011f\u0131n yukar\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc.
\n4)<\/strong> Ps\u0131k’e (Ps\u0131kve)- Irma\u011f\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc.
\n5)<\/strong> K’ey Ps\u0131 (Kvey Ps\u0131-Vadideki Su)- Bo\u011faz (Ps\u0131\u015fha) i\u00e7inde akan \u0131rma\u011fa (Koca\u00e7ay’a) Ad\u0131geler’in verdi\u011fi ad.
\n6) <\/strong>Hal\u00fcj (\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0436\u044a\u0443)-i\u00e7ine peynir, kuru \u00fcz\u00fcm, vb konulup ya\u011fda pi\u015firilmi\u015f ince yayvan b\u00f6rek;metaz-i\u00e7ine peynir, k\u0131yma, vb konulup suda pi\u015firilmi\u015f yumurta b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bu\u011fday hamuru, \u015eaps\u0131\u011flar buna “ps\u0131hal\u0131j\u00f6” (\u043f\u0441\u044b\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0436\u044a\u0443), m\u0131s\u0131r unundan yap\u0131lan ve portakal b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde olan\u0131na da “metaz” derler;hal\u0131\u011fuj (\u0445\u044c\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0436\u044a)-i\u00e7ine kuru \u00fcz\u00fcm, vb konulan ve f\u0131r\u0131nda pi\u015firilen bu\u011fday ekme\u011fidir. Hal\u00fcj ve hal\u0131\u011fuj, dayan\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011fundan akrabalarca d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn evine g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrd\u00fc. \u00a0
\n7)<\/strong> Verk\u0131bze<\/strong> (\u041e\u0440\u043a\u044a\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d) \u00fczerine bir \u00f6rnek:1979 sonu ya da 1980 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda, k\u0131\u015f aylar\u0131ndan birinde, \u0130stanbul’da lise m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir s\u0131rada, Harbiye Ordu Evi’ne, akrabadan bir Abaza (Abhaz) ni\u015fan\u0131na gitmi\u015ftim, “kravatl\u0131 ve olduk\u00e7a \u015f\u0131k giyimliydim”. Tan\u0131d\u0131k bir Abaza ya\u015fl\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n masas\u0131na, sayg\u0131 gere\u011fi u\u011frad\u0131m, yan\u0131nda daha gen\u00e7ten \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6rt ki\u015fi vard\u0131. Hepsi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sayg\u0131yla aya\u011fa kalkt\u0131lar. Ya\u015fl\u0131 ki\u015fi, D\u00fczceli idi, rahmetli bir Abaza akrabam\u0131z\u0131n ilk kocas\u0131yd\u0131, kar\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcnce, yine\u00a0 uzaktan akraba\u00a0 iki k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklu dul bir\u00a0 K’emguy\u00a0 kad\u0131n\u0131 ile evlenmi\u015fti (kad\u0131n\u0131n ilk kocas\u0131 Besleney idi);”Ooo ho\u015fgeldin” diyerek beni kucaklad\u0131, g\u00f6zlerimden \u00f6pt\u00fc, sonra di\u011ferlerine d\u00f6n\u00fcp “Yabanc\u0131 biri de\u011fil, bizim \u00e7ok sevdi\u011fimiz bir \u00e7ocu\u011fumuz, ye\u011fenimiz, tela\u015flanmay\u0131n\u0131z, oturunuz!” dedi, beni tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma gere\u011fi bile duymad\u0131, sonra da bana d\u00f6n\u00fcp \u00f6ndeki bir sandalyeyi de\u011fil de, daha geriden bir sandalyeyi\u00a0 g\u00f6sterdi. Ben de “Arkada\u015flar\u0131m bekliyor” diyerek\u00a0 ayr\u0131ld\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Ya\u015fl\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6z ve davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle yorumlanabilir:Bu gelen ki\u015fi, her ne kadar d\u00fczg\u00fcn giyimli de olsa, \u00a0sizin gibi soylu olan\u00a0 biri\u00a0 de\u011fil, zengin ya da \u00f6nemli bir makam sahibi de de\u011fil, ama ye\u011fen -yani bir taraf\u0131 da Abaza-, \u00a0tela\u015flanmaya gerek yok, size\u00a0 oturunuz diyen ve ona da\u00a0 gerilerden bir yer g\u00f6steren ben oldu\u011fuma g\u00f6re, gerisini s\u00f6ylemeye gerek yok. . .<\/p>\n

Ya\u015fl\u0131 ki\u015fi, bir Abaza soylusu de\u011fildi, ama herhalde masada, \u0130stanbul ya da Adapazar\u0131’ndan bir Abaza soylusu ya da soylular\u0131 (mar\u015fan) bulunuyor olmal\u0131yd\u0131 (\u041e\u0440\u043a\u044a\u044b\u0431\u0437\u044d\u043c \u0444\u044d\u04481\u0433\u044c\u044d \u0437\u044b \u0448\u0430\u043f\u0445\u044a\u044d:1979 \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0443\u0445\u044b\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a\u043e \u0435 1980 \u0438\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0441\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043a\u044a\u0438\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0433\u044a\u0443, \u0418\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0443\u043b \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044d\u0443 1\u043e\u0444 \u0448\u044b\u0441\u04481\u044d\u0443 \u0441\u044b\u0437\u0448\u044b\u0442 \u043b\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044a\u0430\u043d\u044d\u043c, \u0425\u044c\u0430\u0440\u0431\u044b\u0435 \u0414\u0437\u044d \u0423\u043d\u044d\u043c, \u0442\u0444\u044d\u0448\u044b\u0442 \u0437\u044b \u0430\u0437\u0433\u044a\u044d (\u0430\u0431\u0445\u044a\u0430\u0437) \u043f\u0448\u044a\u044d\u0448\u044a\u044d \u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443\u043d\u044d\u0444 \u0437\u044d\u0445\u0430\u0445\u044c\u044d \u0441\u044b\u043a1\u043e\u0433\u044a\u0430\u0433\u044a, \u0441\u044b\u0437\u044d\u0442\u044d\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f\u0441\u044d\u0445\u044ca\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0443 \u0441\u044b\u0448\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a. \u0421\u04481\u044d\u0436\u0440\u044d \u0437\u044b \u0430\u0437\u0433\u044a\u044d \u043b1\u044b\u0436\u044a\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044d\u043c \u0438\u0434\u044d\u0436, \u0445\u044c\u044d\u0439\u043d\u0430\u043f\u044d\u0443 \u043e\u0440\u044d\u043c\u044b\u0445\u044a\u0443 \u04411\u0443\u0438, \u04381\u0430\u043f\u044d \u0441\u044b\u0443\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043d\u044d\u0443 \u0441\u044b1\u0443\u0445\u044c\u0430\u0433\u044a. \u0428\u044b\u0441\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043f\u0441\u044b\u043d\u04471\u044d\u0443 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0437\u0448\u044a\u0445\u044c\u044b\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0442\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445. \u041b1\u044b\u0436\u044a\u044b\u0440 \u0414\u0443\u0437\u0434\u0436\u044d\u043c \u0448\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0433\u044a\u2026\u201d\u041e-\u043e-\u043e\u0443, \u043a\u044a\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u044a\u201d \u04381\u0443\u0438 \u0430\u043f\u043b1\u044d \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0448\u044d\u043a1\u044b\u0433\u044a, \u0441\u0438\u043d\u044d\u0445\u044d\u043c\u0433\u044c\u044d \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0441\u044d\u0431\u044d\u0443\u0433\u044a, \u0435\u04421\u0443\u0430\u043d\u044d \u0437\u0430\u0434\u044d \u0448\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c\u044d \u0437\u0430\u0444\u044b\u0440\u0438\u0433\u044a\u0430\u0437\u0438, \u201d\u041c\u044b\u0440 \u0445\u044b\u043c\u044d\u043f, \u0442\u044f\u043d\u044d\u0448\u044b\u043f\u0445\u044a\u0443 \u04471\u0430\u043b, \u0437\u044b\u0448\u044a\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0433\u044a\u0430\u043f, \u0448\u044a\u0443\u044b\u04421\u044b\u0441\u044b\u0445! \u044f\u0440\u04381\u0443\u0430\u0433\u044a\u2026\u0435\u04421\u0443\u0430\u043d\u044d \u0437\u044b\u043a\u044a\u044b\u0441\u0444\u0438\u0433\u044a\u0430\u0437\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u044d\u043c\/\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044b\u043c \u043a1\u044d\u043b\u044a\u044b\u0442 \u04421\u044b\u0441\u044b\u043f1\u043e\/\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043b\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0448\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u044d\u0442\u044d, \u04471\u044b\u0431\u044b\u043c\u0433\u044c\u044d 1\u0443\u0434\u0437\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d \u0448\u044b1\u044d \u04421\u044b\u0441\u044b\u043f1\u043e\/\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044d \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0433\u044a. \u0421\u044d\u0440\u0438 \u201c\u0421\u0438\u0433\u044a\u0443\u0441\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u043a\u044a\u044b\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043f\u043b\u044a\u044d\u0445\u201d \u04411\u0443\u0438 \u0441\u044b\u043a\u044a\u044b1\u0443\u043a1\u044b\u0436\u044b\u0433\u044a.<\/p>\n

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\u0410\u0437\u0433\u044a\u044d \u043b1\u044b\u0436\u044a\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u043a\u044a\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f (\u043c\u044d\u0440\u0448\u0430\u043d\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u043f), \u0430\u0443 \u0418\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0431\u0443\u043b \u0435 \u0410\u0434\u044d\u043f\u044d\u0437\u0430\u0440 (Adapazar\u0131) \u0448\u044b\u0448\u044d\u0443 \u043c\u044d\u0440\u0448\u0430\u043d\u0445\u044d\u0440 \u0430\u0448 \u0438\u0434\u044d\u0436 \u0448\u044b\u0441\u044b\u0433\u044a\u044d\u0445\u044d\u0443 \u0445\u044a\u0443\u043d\u0445\u044d \u0444\u0430\u0439-\u0425\u044c\u0414\u0436\u0419) -HCY<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

HAPİ Cevdet Yıldız Bu söyleşi, daha önce “Jineps” gazetesinde (sayı 23 Ekim 2007) yayınlanmış,  şimdi eksik kalmış küçük bir ekleme ve Adigece’si ile birlikte yeniden düzenlenmiştir.  Diğer iki söyleşi de Adigeceleri ile birlikte verilecektir. HAPİ Cevdet Yıldız: Sizi tanıyabilir miyiz? HAKURNE Kıymet Seçkin: 1920’de Manyas’ın Darıca köyünde doğdum, 87 yaşındayım. Gönen Dereköy’de büyüdüm. Adım Kıymet. 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