![\"\"](\"http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/HATEGKATI-KOSTA-b.jpg\")
<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Cantiat\u0131 Anatoliy Hategkat\u0131 Levan’\u0131n o\u011flu Kosta, 1859 y\u0131l\u0131nda Lermantov’un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden 18 y\u0131l sonra, Sur\u00e7enkov’un \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden iki y\u0131l \u00f6nce d\u00fcnyaya geldi.<\/span><\/p>\n Kosta, Nadson’un, Vrubel’in, Senov’un akran\u0131 idi. Ger\u00e7an, Tolstoy, Nekrasov, \u00c7erni\u015fevk, Repin ve \u00c7aykovski ile ayn\u0131 devirde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. V.V.Vecesayini ve V.\u0130.Smirnov’la da dost idi. Kosta’y\u0131 bu sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fcnl\u00fc isimlerin d\u00fczeyinde saymam\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Do\u011fdu\u011fu memleket ve insanlar\u0131 u\u011fruna canlar\u0131n\u0131 da fedaya haz\u0131r olan bu ki\u015filerin d\u00fczeyine… Kosta’n\u0131n bize miras olarak b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserler \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc ve \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitlidir. \u015e\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yordu: “Ben ressam ve halk \u015fairiyim”. Ger\u00e7ekten de o \u015fairdi, projeciydi, dramaturgtu, halk\u00e7\u0131yd\u0131, ressam ve etnograft\u0131. Kosta’n\u0131n yurtta ve d\u00fcnyada akisler uyand\u0131ran armonisi, d\u00fc\u015fleri ve hikayeleri halk\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sevgisi \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilmi\u015fti.<\/span><\/p>\n Darb\u0131meseller, \u015fark\u0131lar ve daha ba\u015fka hayret uyand\u0131racak yaz\u0131lar yaz\u0131yordu. Eserlerinin hepsinde kendi yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 temalar\u0131 i\u015fliyordu “Y\u00fcksek Kayg\u0131lar\u0131” gibi. Tek eseri olan “\u0130ron Fend\u0131r (\u0130ron Armoni)” adl\u0131 kitab\u0131 bu tema \u00fczerine meydana getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n Kosta’n\u0131n yaz\u0131lar\u0131 her zaman ayd\u0131n fikirler i\u00e7eriyordu. Bu fikirlerin her sat\u0131r\u0131 ve her s\u00f6z\u00fc insan\u0131n haf\u0131zas\u0131na \u00e7ivi gibi i\u015fliyor ve derin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye dalmas\u0131na sebep oluyordu.<\/span><\/p>\n Do\u011fdu\u011fu \u00fclkede ya\u015fayan fakir ve ezilmi\u015f halk\u0131n\u0131n kederinden \u015fairin y\u00fcre\u011fi derinden s\u0131zl\u0131yor ve patlama\u011fa ula\u015f\u0131yordu: “Ben yaz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131 para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda satmay\u0131 hi\u00e7 bir zaman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmedim, bir tek sat\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7in bile hi\u00e7 bir kimseden bir tek kuru\u015f almad\u0131m, yaral\u0131 kalbimden d\u0131\u015far\u0131 f\u0131rlamak isteyen fikirlerden ba\u015fka hi\u00e7 bir \u015fey yapmad\u0131m” demekte idi. Bu s\u00f6zleri onun hayata ve yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011fa bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n “\u0130ron Fend\u0131r-\u0130ron Armoni” de yer alan \u015fiirleri 1899 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlanmadan \u00e7ok \u00f6nce iron halk\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bilinmekteydi. O \u015fiirlerinin halk taraf\u0131ndan el yaz\u0131s\u0131yla birbirilerine aktar\u0131lmas\u0131ndan ve okunmas\u0131ndan sonsuz haz duymaktayd\u0131. Onlardan \u015fark\u0131lar d\u00fczenliyorlard\u0131. “Kuliddi”, “Dodey-D\u00f6v\u00fcnme”, “Yetim Annesi-\u015e\u0131cerge\u015f” gibi. Bunlar iron (Oset) folklor\u00fcn\u00fcn parlak ve \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fcz elmas ve yakutlar\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlar \u015fairin dostlu\u011funu, sevgi dolu y\u00fcre\u011fini, temiz d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini ifade etmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n Kosta, yoksullar\u0131n ve zul\u00fcm alt\u0131nda ezilenlerin ba\u015f savunucusudur. Halk\u0131n \u00f6zlemlerini dile getirmektedir. Eserlerindeki derin k\u00f6kler, do\u011fdu\u011fu yurt ve halk\u0131yla derin kan ba\u011flar\u0131yla ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Onun i\u00e7indir ki bazen anne eli gibi yumu\u015fak, ok\u015fay\u0131c\u0131, bazen karanl\u0131k gece gibi h\u00fcz\u00fcn ve keder verici, bazen “Me\u015f\u0131g\u0131\u015feray-G\u00f6zetleme Kulesinden” sava\u015fa \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ran hayk\u0131r\u0131\u015f kadar aksi sedal\u0131 idi. \u0130ron (Oset) halk\u0131 O’nu sonsuz bir sevgiyle sevmektedirler.<\/span><\/p>\n 60 kadar \u015fiirden olu\u015fan “\u0130ron Fend\u0131r-\u0130ron Armoni” bug\u00fcn bile halk\u0131n temel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu eserin yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Kosta, halk\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcz ak\u0131 olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n Hayret edilecek \u015fey; Kosta, karanl\u0131k bir da\u011f\u0131n kuytu bir k\u00f6\u015fesinde do\u011fdu\u011fu halde, Rus\u00e7a’y\u0131 da kendi anadili gibi \u00f6\u011frenebilmi\u015ftir. Rus\u00e7a dili ile “Fatime”, “A\u011flayan Kayal\u0131k”, “D\u00fcnya”, “Cebid\u0131rcuyan-Da\u011fke\u00e7isi Avc\u0131s\u0131” gibi bir \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli yaz\u0131lar yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n Halk\u0131 ve d\u00fcnyay\u0131 sevmek yazar\u0131n en \u00f6nemli ve \u00f6ncelikli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. O nedenle Kosta’n\u0131n \u015fiirlerinde ve yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda halklar\u0131n karde\u015fli\u011fi ve birli\u011fi ile enternasyonalizm hakim olmu\u015ftur. Kosta halk\u0131n\u0131n ayd\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fc, halk\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek evlad\u0131, Kafkasya’n\u0131n y\u00fcksek da\u011flar\u0131ndan yer yuvarla\u011f\u0131na ve b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u00fclkelerine ula\u015fmay\u0131 ba\u015farabilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 resimler ve tablolar\u0131 da, kendi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n paralelinde olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik \u00fczerine resim yapmay\u0131 Petersburk-G\u00fczel Sanatlar Akademisi’nde \u00f6\u011frenim g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131rada, \u00f6\u011fretmeni P.\u00c7istakov \u00f6\u011fretmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle yaratm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu her t\u00fcrl\u00fc resimde, portrede ve peyzajda ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilikten hi\u00e7 ayr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Eserlerinin hepsi de ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i, \u00f6zellikli, ruha hitap eden herkesin teredd\u00fcts\u00fcz anlayabilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kta ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye sevk edici yap\u0131tlard\u0131r. “Doncav-Sucu”, gibi “Rak\u0131 Yap\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131” gibi eserlerinde b\u00f6yle g\u00fczel mevzuyu nas\u0131l se\u00e7ebildi ve a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131kla nas\u0131l i\u015fleyebildi?… Da\u011fl\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r ya\u015fam \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ne g\u00fczel ifade etmi\u015ftir. Yahut “Ta\u015fk\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 \u00c7ocuklar” adl\u0131 yap\u0131t\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuklar nas\u0131l canl\u0131 olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131zda durmaktad\u0131r ve al\u0131nyaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar ac\u0131mas\u0131z , zahmetlerle dolu oldu\u011fu ne g\u00fczel i\u015flenmi\u015ftir. Bu yap\u0131t i\u00e7in bo\u015funa dememi\u015fler boyalarla “Dodov-D\u00f6v\u00fcnme” diye. B\u00f6yle e\u015fsiz yap\u0131tlar\u0131n temalar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7mek ve yaratmak ancak yoksul ve \u00e7ileke\u015f halk\u0131n\u0131n ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcre\u011finin derinliklerinde hissedebilen ressamlara nasip olabilir. Portre yapmay\u0131 \u00e7ok seven ressam , yap\u0131tlar\u0131nda insanlar\u0131n i\u00e7 d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc yans\u0131tmaya gayret g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta annesini kaybeden, kendisi de a\u011f\u0131r hasta olan “Ko\u015ferhan” \u0131n portresinin ne kadar \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc, yumu\u015fak ve insan\u0131n ruhunda derin bir ac\u0131ma hissi uyand\u0131rabilen bir yap\u0131t oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n Bundan daha da \u015fa\u015f\u0131lacak olan kendi portresi “Abtoportre-Avtoportre” dir. \u0130nsan ilk \u00f6nce her \u015feyi g\u00f6rebilen g\u00f6zleriyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n 47 y\u0131l bile tam olarak ya\u015fayamayan \u015fair 1 Nisan 1906 g\u00fcn\u00fc saat 17.00’de “Labe’de” hayata g\u00f6zlerini yummu\u015ftur. Ayn\u0131 yerdeki kilise bah\u00e7esinde babas\u0131n\u0131n mezar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na defnedilmi\u015fse de halk\u0131n kararl\u0131 isteklerine uyulmak suretiyle Viladikafkas’a nakledilmi\u015f ve “\u0130rikev” K\u00f6y\u00fc’nde kilisenin bah\u00e7esine defnedilmi\u015ftir. Defin merasimine gelenler O’nun tabutunu istasyondan kilise bah\u00e7esine kadar kendisine duyulan derin sevgi ve sayg\u0131n\u0131n bir ifadesi olmak \u00fczere omuzlarda ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. <\/span><\/p>\n Kosta’n\u0131n tabutunun arkas\u0131ndan harp kahramanlar\u0131na yap\u0131lan son sayg\u0131 misali, siyah yam\u00e7\u0131 ile \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc bir at yedekte g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyordu. Kosta’dan sonra kendisini \u00f6ks\u00fcz kalm\u0131\u015f addeden halk O’na lay\u0131k oldu\u011fu kadar g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6kmek suretiyle sevgili evlatlar\u0131n\u0131 ebedi istirahatgah\u0131na tevdi etmi\u015flerdir. Bug\u00fcn bile Kosta’dan daha de\u011ferli bir evlat yeti\u015fmemi\u015ftir \u0130ri\u015fton’da (Osetya’da). Bu da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermektedir ki, Kosta s\u00f6zleriyle, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleriyle, \u00f6zlemleriyle halk\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n aras\u0131nda ya\u015famaktad\u0131r ve O ebediyen \u00f6lmeyecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Cantiatı Anatoliy Çeviri: Cehılti Y.A. Nart Dergisi Sayı 5 Hategkatı Levan’ın oğlu Kosta, 1859 yılında Lermantov’un ölümünden 18 yıl sonra, Surçenkov’un ölümünden iki yıl önce dünyaya geldi. Kosta, Nadson’un, Vrubel’in, Senov’un akranı idi. Gerçan, Tolstoy, Nekrasov, Çernişevk, Repin ve Çaykovski ile aynı devirde yaşamıştı. V.V.Vecesayini ve V.İ.Smirnov’la da dost idi. Kosta’yı bu saydığımız ünlü isimlerin 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\n<\/b><\/span> \u00c7eviri: Ceh\u0131lti Y.A.
\n<\/span> Nart Dergisi Say\u0131 5\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n